Peace with God and Reconciliation
Romans 5:1-11
Rom.5.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Δικαιωθεντες: PART,aor,pass,nom,pl,m
- ουν: CONJ
- εκ: PREP
- πιστεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ειρηνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εχομεν: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
- προς: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- θεον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- δια: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Romans 3:24-26 (structural): Develops the same argument: justification is by God's grace in Christ (redemption/propitiation) and grounds God’s righteous treatment of sinners—the basis for peace with God in Rom 5:1.
- Romans 4:5 (verbal): Uses the language of being ‘counted righteous/justified’ apart from works, linking the formula 'justified by faith' that appears in Rom 5:1.
- Galatians 2:16 (verbal): Affirms that a person is not justified by works of the law but through faith in Jesus Christ—same doctrinal claim about justification by faith as in Rom 5:1.
- Ephesians 2:13-18 (thematic): Speaks of believers being brought near and reconciled to God through Christ and of Christ as our peace, paralleling Rom 5:1’s claim of peace with God through the Lord Jesus.
- Colossians 1:20-22 (thematic): Describes reconciliation of humanity to God through Christ’s blood so believers might be presented holy—complements Rom 5:1’s emphasis on restored peace with God through Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.
- Therefore, since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.
Rom.5.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- δι᾽ου: PREP+REL,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- προσαγωγην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εσχηκαμεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,pl
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- πιστει: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- χαριν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ταυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- εστηκαμεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,pl
- και: CONJ
- καυχωμεθα: VERB,pres,mid,ind,1,pl
- επ᾽ελπιδι: PREP+NOUN,dat,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- δοξης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου·: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Rom.5.1 (structural): Immediate context: justification by faith leads into peace with God and the subsequent 'access' and standing in grace (sets up v.2).
- Rom.5.11 (verbal): Same language of 'boasting' (καυχώμεθα) and joy in God through Christ, continuing the theme of rejoicing tied to reconciliation and salvation.
- Eph.2.18 (verbal): Speaks of 'access' (πρόσβασις/προσαγωγή) to the Father 'through him' — parallels the idea of access to God's grace through Christ.
- Eph.3.12 (verbal): Emphasizes boldness/confidence to approach God 'through faith in him,' echoing 'access by faith' into grace.
- Heb.4.16 (thematic): Invites believers to 'approach the throne of grace with confidence,' thematically paralleling access to grace and confident standing before God.
Alternative generated candidates
- Through him we have also obtained access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in hope of the glory of God.
- Through him we have also obtained access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in the hope of the glory of God.
Rom.5.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ου: PART,neg
- μονον: ADV
- δε: CONJ
- αλλα: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- καυχωμεθα: VERB,pres,mid,ind,1,pl
- εν: PREP
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- θλιψεσιν: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- ειδοτες: PTCP,perf,act,nom,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- θλιψις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- υπομονην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- κατεργαζεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- James 1:2-4 (verbal): Directly parallels the idea of counting trials as joy because testing produces steadfastness/patience and leads to maturity and completeness.
- Romans 12:12 (thematic): Echoes rejoicing and endurance in suffering—'rejoice in hope, be patient in tribulation'—linking joy and perseverance in the life of the believer.
- 2 Corinthians 4:16-18 (thematic): Presents affliction as producing an eternal perspective or outcome (inner renewal/eternal weight of glory), connecting present suffering with lasting spiritual benefit.
- Hebrews 12:11 (thematic): Describes discipline/chastening as unpleasant now but producing the 'peaceable fruit of righteousness,' parallel to suffering producing endurance and growth.
- 1 Peter 1:6-7 (thematic): Frames various trials as purifying/testing of faith that results in praise, honor, and glory—similar causal link between suffering and spiritual endurance/refinement.
Alternative generated candidates
- Not only that, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance,
- Not only that, but we also boast in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance;
Rom.5.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- υπομονη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- δοκιμην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- δοκιμη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ελπιδα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Romans 5:3 (structural): Immediate context: Romans 5:3 links tribulation to perseverance (ὑπομονή), providing the preceding step in the chain that culminates in hope in 5:4–5.
- Romans 5:5 (structural): Immediate context: 5:5 follows the chain in 5:4, showing the outcome of proven character (δοκιμή) and perseverance—hope that does not disappoint through God's love.
- James 1:3–4 (verbal): Verbal and conceptual parallel: James states that the testing of faith produces steadfastness (ὑπομονή) and that steadfastness should have its full effect—testing → perseverance → maturity—closely echoing Rom 5:3–4.
- 1 Peter 1:6–7 (thematic): Thematic parallel: trials serve to test and prove faith (likened to refining gold), resulting in a proven faith that leads to praise and hope—similar imagery of testing producing confirmed character/hope.
- Hebrews 12:11 (thematic): Thematic parallel: divine discipline, though painful, yields the peaceful fruit of righteousness for those trained by it—another expression of suffering/trial producing beneficial, maturing results.
Alternative generated candidates
- and endurance produces proven character, and proven character produces hope;
- and endurance produces proven character, and proven character produces hope.
Rom.5.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- ελπις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ου: PART,neg
- καταισχυνει·οτι: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αγαπη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εκκεχυται: VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- καρδιαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- δια: PREP
- πνευματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- αγιου: ADJ,gen,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- δοθεντος: PART,aor,pass,gen,sg,m
- ημιν: PRON,dat,pl,1
Parallels
- Rom.8:15-16 (thematic): The Spirit testifies to our adoption as children and gives assurance—paralleling Rom 5:5's emphasis on the Spirit's inward witness and the confident hope that does not disappoint.
- 2 Cor.1:21-22 (verbal): God has established, anointed, and given us the Spirit in our hearts as a guarantee—closely parallels Rom 5:5's language of the Spirit poured into our hearts and the resulting assurance.
- Gal.4:6 (verbal): 'God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts' (crying 'Abba, Father')—a near-verbal parallel linking the Spirit's indwelling with filial relationship and assurance.
- 1 John 4:13-16 (thematic): The Spirit's presence is the proof that God abides in us, and the passage identifies God as love—echoing Rom 5:5's claim that God's love has been poured into our hearts through the Spirit.
Alternative generated candidates
- and hope does not put us to shame, because God’s love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.
- And hope does not disappoint us, because God's love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.
Rom.5.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ετι: ADV
- γαρ: PART
- Χριστος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- οντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- ασθενων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- ετι: ADV
- κατα: PREP
- καιρον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- υπερ: PREP
- ασεβων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- απεθανεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Rom.5.8 (verbal): Very close verbal and conceptual parallel — Paul repeats the contrast ‘while we were…’ and states explicitly that Christ died for us while we were sinners, emphasizing God’s initiative in Christ’s death.
- 1 John 4:10 (thematic): Develops the same theme of God’s love displayed in Christ’s sacrificial death for sinners (not our love for God), portraying the atoning purpose of the Son’s sending and death.
- Isaiah 53:4-6 (allusion): Prophetic background of the suffering servant bearing the transgressions of others — substitutionary suffering and death for the guilt of the many, which undergirds Paul’s claim.
- 2 Cor.5:21 (thematic): Articulates the substitutionary logic: the sinless Christ is accounted sin for our sake so that we might be made righteous, echoing Paul’s point that Christ died on behalf of the ungodly.
Alternative generated candidates
- For while we were still weak, at the appointed time Christ died for the ungodly.
- For while we were still weak, at the appointed time Christ died for the ungodly.
Rom.5.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- μολις: ADV
- γαρ: PART
- υπερ: PREP
- δικαιου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- αποθανειται·υπερ: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: PART
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αγαθου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- ταχα: ADV
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- και: CONJ
- τολμα: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αποθανειν·: VERB,aor,act,inf
Parallels
- Rom.5.8 (structural): Immediate contrast and completion of the thought — Paul answers the improbability that anyone would die for a righteous person by showing God has died for sinners (Christ's death demonstrates divine love).
- John 15:13 (thematic): Explicit proclamation that the greatest love is to lay down one's life for friends, echoing the idea of sacrificial death on behalf of another person.
- John 10:11 (thematic): Jesus as the 'good shepherd' who lays down his life for the sheep parallels the linkage of goodness and willing self-sacrifice in Rom 5:7.
- Isaiah 53:5-12 (allusion): The Suffering Servant who is wounded and dies 'for' others provides the Old Testament background for vicarious, redemptive death that Paul invokes when discussing someone dying for another.
- 1 John 3:16 (verbal): Uses the same logic of knowing love by Christ's laying down his life and implies the ethic/model of sacrificial death for others, resonating with Paul's point about dying for the good/righteous.
Alternative generated candidates
- For one will hardly die for a righteous person; though perhaps for the good person someone might dare to die.
- For one will scarcely die for a righteous person—yet perhaps for a good person someone might dare to die.
Rom.5.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- συνιστησιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- εαυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- αγαπην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εις: PREP
- ημας: PRON,acc,pl,1
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- ετι: ADV
- αμαρτωλων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- οντων: VERB,pres,act,ptcp,gen,pl,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- Χριστος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- υπερ: PREP
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- απεθανεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- John 3:16 (thematic): Both passages present God's love as shown by the giving/sending of his Son for humanity — God's initiative in salvation through the Son's death/gift.
- 1 John 4:9-10 (verbal): Speaks of God's love being manifested in sending his Son as an atoning sacrifice; closely echoes the language and concept of God demonstrating his love by Christ's death.
- Ephesians 5:2 (thematic): Declares that Christ loved us and gave himself up for us, paralleling Romans' emphasis that Christ died for us as the decisive demonstration of God's love.
- John 15:13 (thematic): ’Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends’ — a succinct ethical expression of the same truth that God's love is shown supremely in self-giving death.
- 1 Peter 3:18 (structural): States that Christ suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring people to God — a parallel formulation of Christ's death as vicarious, redemptive act on behalf of sinners.
Alternative generated candidates
- But God shows his love for us in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
- But God shows his love for us in that, while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
Rom.5.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- πολλω: ADV
- ουν: CONJ
- μαλλον: ADV
- δικαιωθεντες: VERB,aor,pass,part,nom,pl,m
- νυν: ADV
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- αιματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- σωθησομεθα: VERB,fut,pass,ind,1,pl
- δι᾽αυτου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,m
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- οργης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Rom.5.1 (structural): Connects justification by faith with the present state of peace/standing (δικαιωθέντες) that leads into the statement about being justified by Christ’s blood in v.9.
- Rom.5.10–11 (verbal): Close immediate parallel: develops the same theme—reconciliation and salvation through Christ’s death and deliverance from God’s wrath (v.10 specifically mentions being reconciled by his blood).
- Rom.3.24–26 (thematic): Explains justification as a gift of grace through redemption and presents Christ as the sacrifice that demonstrates God's righteousness and propitiation—background for being 'justified by his blood' and saved from wrath.
- Col.1.20–22 (thematic): Describes God reconciling all things through Christ’s blood, making believers holy and blameless—parallels the idea of salvation from wrath through Christ’s sacrificial death.
- 1 Thess.1.10 (thematic): Speaks of Jesus as the one who rescues believers from the coming wrath, echoing Rom 5:9’s claim that we will be saved from God’s wrath through Christ.
Alternative generated candidates
- Much more then, having now been justified by his blood, we shall be saved through him from God’s wrath.
- Much more then, since we have now been justified by his blood, we shall be saved through him from God's wrath.
Rom.5.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- γαρ: PART
- εχθροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- οντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- κατηλλαγημεν: VERB,perf,pass,part,dat,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- δια: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θανατου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- υιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- πολλω: ADV
- μαλλον: ADV
- καταλλαγεντες: VERB,aor,pass,part,nom,pl,m
- σωθησομεθα: VERB,fut,pass,ind,1,pl
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- ζωη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αυτου·: PRON,gen,sg,3
Parallels
- Romans 5:8 (verbal): Both verses stress that Christ died for us while we were sinners/enemies, providing the basis for reconciliation to God.
- Romans 5:9 (structural): Uses the same 'much more' logic: having been justified/reconciled by Christ's death, we are assured of salvation (here 'saved from wrath' / 'saved by his life').
- 2 Corinthians 5:18-19 (thematic): Explicit teaching that God reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave the ministry of reconciliation—closely parallels Rom 5:10's emphasis on reconciliation through Christ's death.
- Colossians 1:20-22 (verbal): Speaks of God reconciling all things through Christ's blood and presenting believers holy—echoes the language of reconciliation effected by Christ's death and resulting salvation.
- Ephesians 2:16-18 (thematic): Describes reconciliation (Jew and Gentile) through the cross and peace with God, reflecting Rom 5:10's focus on reconciliation accomplished by Christ's death and its saving effects.
Alternative generated candidates
- For if, while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be saved by his life.
- For if, while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much more, having been reconciled, will we be saved by his life.
Rom.5.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ου: PART,neg
- μονον: ADV
- δε: CONJ
- αλλα: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- καυχωμενοι: PART,pres,mid,nom,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- δια: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- δι᾽ου: PREP+REL,gen,sg,m
- νυν: ADV
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- καταλλαγην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ελαβομεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,pl
Parallels
- Rom.5.10 (structural): Immediate context: continues the thought that we were reconciled to God while enemies and have now received reconciliation through Christ (directly linked to v.11).
- Rom.5.2 (verbal): Similar language of rejoicing/boasting in God through Christ—both verses stress joy or boastful confidence 'in God through our Lord Jesus Christ.'
- 2 Cor.5.18-19 (verbal): Explicit teaching that God reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave the ministry of reconciliation—same key terminology and theological focus on reconciliation through Christ.
- Gal.6.14 (verbal): Paulic language of boasting: 'But may I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ' parallels the theme of boasting/boasting in God through Christ in Rom 5:11.
- Eph.2.13-16 (thematic): Speaks of reconciliation to God through Christ and peace made by the cross—thematic parallel emphasizing reconciliation and access to God accomplished in Christ.
Alternative generated candidates
- And not only this, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation.
- And not only that, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation.
Therefore, since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.
Through him we have also obtained access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we boast in the hope of the glory of God.
Not only that, but we also boast in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance,
and endurance produces proven character, and proven character produces hope,
and hope does not put us to shame, because God's love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit who has been given to us.
For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly.
For one will scarcely die for a righteous person—though perhaps for a good person someone might dare to die. But God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
Since, therefore, we have now been justified by his blood, much more shall we be saved through him from the wrath of God.
For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, having been reconciled, shall we be saved by his life. And not only that, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation.