The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib
2 Kings 19:20-37
2 K.19.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ישעיהו: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמוץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- חזקיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- התפללת: VERB,hitpael,perf,2,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- אל: NEG
- סנחרב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אשור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
Parallels
- Isa.37:21 (verbal): Direct parallel/near-quotation in Isaiah: Isaiah son of Amoz sends the same message to Hezekiah, ’Thus says the LORD God of Israel… I have heard.’
- Isa.37:14-20 (structural): Same episode in Isaiah: Hezekiah’s prayer for deliverance and Isaiah’s prophetic response that the LORD has heard the prayer.
- 2 Chron.32:20-21 (thematic): Chronicles’ retelling of the Hezekiah–Sennacherib episode: God responds to Hezekiah and acts on his behalf (angel slays Assyrian host), echoing the report that God ‘heard.’
- 2 Kgs.19:35 (structural): Immediate narrative consequence in Kings: following the prophetic assurance that God heard, the LORD strikes down the Assyrian army—fulfillment of the message.
Alternative generated candidates
- Isaiah son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, "Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, concerning the prayer you made to me about Sennacherib king of Assyria: I have heard."
- Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, concerning whom you have entreated me about Sennacherib king of Assyria: I have heard.
2 K.19.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- בזה: PREP+DEM
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- לעגה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- בתולת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- אחריך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הניעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isa.37.22 (quotation): Almost word‑for‑word parallel in Isaiah: the LORD’s pronouncement that the 'virgin daughter of Zion' (daughter of Jerusalem) despises and shakes her head at the Assyrian — a direct repetition of the same oracle.
- 2Chr.32.21 (structural): Chronicles retells the Sennacherib episode (Hezekiah/Rabshakeh) and preserves the same overall narrative and divine vindication, providing a parallel account of the confrontation and God’s judgment.
- Nah.3.7 (thematic): Nahum taunts the great Assyrian city (Nineveh) over its fall; thematically similar as a prophetic pronouncement of humiliation against an arrogant imperial power.
- Zech.9.9 (thematic): Uses the personification 'daughter of Zion' to depict Jerusalem’s reversal and vindication; parallels the imagery of Zion as a female figure whose fate and response are the focus of prophetic oracles.
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the word that the LORD has spoken concerning him: "She despises you, the virgin daughter of Zion; she mocks you, the daughter of Jerusalem; she shakes her head behind you."
- This is the word that the LORD has spoken concerning him: The virgin, daughter of Zion, has despised you and mocked you; the daughter of Jerusalem has shaken her head at you.
2 K.19.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- את: PRT,acc
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- חרפת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- וגדפת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- הרימות: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- מרום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עיניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2ms
- על: PREP
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:23 (quotation): Direct parallel/near-identical wording — the Isaiah account of Rabshakeh's taunt addresses the same question: who have you blasphemed but the Holy One of Israel.
- Psalm 74:10 (thematic): The psalm laments enemies who revile and blaspheme God’s name — same theme of foreign powers insulting the Lord and His people.
- Psalm 42:10 (thematic): Enemies taunt the faithful with 'Where is your God?' — a related motif of derision directed at Israel’s God and His defenders.
- Psalm 79:4 (thematic): Describes foes profaning God’s sanctuary and name, echoing the idea of hostile nations insulting and attacking the Holy One of Israel.
Alternative generated candidates
- Against whom have you taunted and spoken, and against whom have you raised your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel.
- Whom have you reproached and blasphemed, and upon whom have you lifted up your voice and raised your eyes, even against the Holy One of Israel?
2 K.19.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלאכיך: NOUN,m,pl,prsuf:2ms
- חרפת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- ותאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ברב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רכבי: NOUN,m,pl,prsuf:1s
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- עליתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- מרום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרים: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ירכתי: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לבנון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואכרת: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- קומת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ארזיו: NOUN,m,pl,prsuf:3ms
- מבחור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברשיו: NOUN,m,pl,prsuf:3ms
- ואבואה: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- מלון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קצה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כרמלו: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf:3ms
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:24 (quotation): Nearly identical wording in Isaiah's parallel account of the Assyrian taunt (Rabshakeh/Sennacherib) boasting of cutting down Lebanon's cedars and entering Carmel.
- 2 Chronicles 32:19 (quotation): Chronicles retells the Sennacherib/Rabshakeh speech; echoes the boast about felling Lebanon's tall cedars and advancing into the forested heights.
- Isaiah 10:34 (thematic): Uses similar imagery of cutting down the thickets/cedars of Lebanon in the context of Assyrian campaign and divine action—thematic resonance with the boast of conquest.
- Ezekiel 31:3-9 (thematic): Employs the cedar-of-Lebanon motif to depict a great tree brought low; thematically parallels the image of lofty cedars being cut down and the fall of a proud power.
Alternative generated candidates
- By your messengers you have taunted the LORD, and you have said, 'With the multitude of my chariots I have ascended the heights of the mountains; the ravines of Lebanon are my footholds. I have cut down its tallest cedars; from the midst of its choicest woods I have cut the choicest trees.'
- By your messengers you have reproached the Lord, and you have said, With the multitude of my chariots I have gone up to the tops of the mountains, to the far heights of Lebanon; I will cut down its tall cedars, the choice trees thereof; I will enter into its remotest forest.
2 K.19.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- קרתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- ושתיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- זרים: ADJ,m,pl
- ואחרב: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- בכף: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,construct
- פעמי: NOUN,f,pl,cons+PRON,1,sg
- כל: DET
- יארי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- מצור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:25 (verbal): Direct parallel/quotation: the same boastful line about digging and drinking foreign waters and drying up the rivers of the besieged — part of Sennacherib/Rabshakeh’s taunt.
- Isaiah 36:4-20 (structural): Part of the same narrative (Rabshakeh’s speech) that taunts Jerusalem’s reliance on Yahweh; thematically parallels the mocking tone and claims of Assyrian invincibility.
- 2 Chronicles 32:1-23 (thematic): Chronicles’ account of Sennacherib’s campaign against Judah and the public taunts against Hezekiah—parallels the event and the Assyrian boasts in 2 Kings 19:24.
- Isaiah 10:13-14 (thematic): Broad thematic parallel: depiction of Assyrian arrogance and boastful claims of conquest and self-exaltation, echoing the same proud imperial rhetoric as the verse.
Alternative generated candidates
- I dug and drank foreign waters; with the sole of my feet I dried up every river of Egypt.
- I have dug and drunk foreign waters; with the sole of my feet I have dried up all the streams of besieged places.
2 K.19.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הלא: PART
- שמעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- למרחוק: PREP+ADV
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- עשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- למימי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss=1s
- קדם: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ויצרתיה: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עתה: ADV
- הביאתיה: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- להשות: VERB,qal,inf
- גלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בצרות: ADJ,ptc,pass,f,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:26 (quotation): Near-verbatim parallel — the same line appears in Isaiah’s account of Sennacherib’s threat (2 Kgs 19 and Isa 37 are largely parallel narratives).
- Isaiah 46:10 (verbal): Similar language and theme: God declaring the end from the beginning and accomplishing his counsels (‘I declare the end from the beginning… my purpose shall stand’).
- Isaiah 45:21 (verbal): Uses the motif of God’s prior declaration from ancient times — ‘Who declared this from of old?’ — emphasizing divine foreordination and fulfillment.
- Isaiah 10:5–7 (thematic): Contextual/thematic parallel: Assyria as God’s instrument of judgment and the notion that God ordains and brings to pass actions of nations, though he will also judge them later.
Alternative generated candidates
- Have you not heard? Long ago I did it; from ancient times I planned it. Now I have brought it to pass that you should be laid waste, to make fortified cities a ruin.
- Have you not heard? Long ago I did it; from ancient times I formed it; now I have brought it to pass, that you should be to lay waste fortified cities into ruin.
2 K.19.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישביהן: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- קצרי: ADJ,m,pl,const
- יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- ויבשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עשב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שדה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וירק: VERB,qal,perf,3,sg
- דשא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חציר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גגות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושדפה: VERB,qal,perf,3,fs
- לפני: PREP
- קמה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:26-27 (quotation): Direct parallel in Isaiah’s account of Sennacherib/Hezekiah; nearly identical wording about inhabitants being humbled and compared to grass and the green herb.
- Isaiah 40:6-8 (verbal): Uses the same plant imagery ('all flesh is grass') to express human transience; echoes the motif of people like grass that withers.
- Psalm 103:15-16 (verbal): 'As for man, his days are like grass' — a close verbal and thematic parallel using grass/field imagery to denote human frailty and brief life.
- Job 14:2 (thematic): Compares human life to a flower that springs up and withers; thematically parallels the image of people reduced to grass and quickly passing away.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their inhabitants were shrunken and put to shame; they were like the grass of the field, like the green herb, like the grass on the housetops and like new growth before it springs up.
- Their people were of short stature, and were ashamed and confounded; they were like the grass of the field, like the green herb, like grass on the housetops, like a blasted crop before it is grown.
2 K.19.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושבתך: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- וצאתך: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- ובאך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- התרגזך: VERB,hitpael,perf,2,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:27 (quotation): Parallel passage in Isaiah recounting the same event; Hebrew wording is essentially identical—God declares he knows their sitting, going out, coming in and rage against him.
- Psalm 139:2-3 (verbal): Close verbal parallel—'You know when I sit down and when I rise up; you discern my thoughts... You search out my path and my lying down' (divine knowledge of a person's movements and inner life).
- Job 34:21 (thematic): Thematic parallel emphasizing God's surveillance of human actions: 'His eyes are on the ways of mortals; he sees all their steps.'
- Jeremiah 23:24 (thematic): Theme of divine omnipresence/knowledge: 'Can a man hide himself... Do I not fill heaven and earth? declares the LORD.'—God cannot be evaded.
- Proverbs 15:3 (thematic): Thematic kinship in wording about God's watchful oversight: 'The eyes of the LORD are in every place, keeping watch on the evil and the good.'
Alternative generated candidates
- I know your sitting down, your going out, and your coming in; I know your raging against me.
- But I know your sitting down and your going out and your coming in, and your raging against me.
2 K.19.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יען: CONJ
- התרגזך: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ושאננך: NOUN,m,sg,suf
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- באזני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- ושמתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- חחי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באפך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,2ms
- ומתגי: NOUN,m,sg,suf
- בשפתיך: PREP
- והשבתיך: VERB,hif,imprf,1,m,sg+OBJ:2,m,sg
- בדרך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- באת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:29 (quotation): Virtually identical wording and prophecy — Kings here echoes Isaiah's promise to put a hook in the nose and a bridle in the lips and to turn the Assyrian back.
- Isaiah 37:36 (structural): Immediate narrative fulfillment of the threat in v.28: the angel of the LORD strikes the Assyrian army, accomplishing the turning back of Sennacherib's forces.
- 2 Chronicles 32:21 (structural): Chronicles' parallel account of Hezekiah’s deliverance repeats the same event (angel slays Assyrian host), forming the same narrative pair of threat and divine reversal.
- Isaiah 10:12-19 (thematic): Broader Isaianic theme: God uses Assyria as an instrument but will punish and humble Assyria — the motif of God turning and bringing low the arrogant oppressor parallels v.28.
- Nahum 3:7 (thematic): Pronouncement of Nineveh’s humiliation and downfall; thematically parallels the reversal of Assyrian pride and the divine act that turns an arrogant empire back on itself.
Alternative generated candidates
- Because of your raging against me and your boastful noise that has reached my ears, I will put my hook in your nose and my bit in your mouth, and I will turn you back by the way you came.
- Because you have raged against me and your uproar has come up into my ears, I will put a hook in your nose and a bridle in your lips, and I will turn you back by the way by which you came.
2 K.19.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וזה: CONJ+PRON,dem,m,sg,abs
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- האות: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אכול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ספיח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובשנה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- השנית: ADJ,ord,f,sg,def
- סחיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובשנה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- השלישית: ADJ,f,sg,def
- זרעו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- וקצרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ונטעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כרמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואכלו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- פרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:30 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and promise; 2 Kings 19 and Isaiah 37 are parallel accounts of Hezekiah's deliverance with the same three-year agricultural sign.
- Leviticus 26:4-5 (thematic): Promise of seasonal rain, grain, and vineyards as blessings for obedience—echoes the motif of progressive agricultural provision.
- Deuteronomy 11:14-15 (thematic): God's pledge of rain in its season and fruitful produce (bread, vine, fig tree) parallels the assurance of successive years of harvest.
- Joel 2:22-24 (thematic): Promise of restoration of grain, wine, and oil after calamity and an abundant harvest—similar language of recovered agricultural abundance.
- Amos 9:13-14 (thematic): Vision of agricultural reversal—plowman overtaking reaper and full planting/harvesting—parallels the theme of restored productivity for Israel.
Alternative generated candidates
- And this shall be the sign to you: eat this year what grows of itself, and in the second year what springs from the same; and in the third year sow and reap, and plant vineyards and eat their fruit.
- And this shall be the sign to you: eat this year the yield that grows of itself; in the second year eat what springs from the same; in the third year sow and reap, and plant vineyards and eat their fruit.
2 K.19.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויספה: ADV
- פליטת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הנשארה: VERB,niphal,part,3,f,sg
- שרש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למטה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- פרי: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- למעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:31 (quotation): Virtually identical wording appears in Isaiah 37:31—both passages promise that the remnant of Judah will take root and bear fruit.
- Isaiah 10:20-22 (thematic): Speaks of a surviving remnant of Israel/Judah that returns to the Lord—same theological theme of a reduced people preserved to renew life.
- Romans 11:5 (thematic): Paul uses the language of a preserved remnant (by election/grace) to describe Israel’s continuity—echoes the OT motif of a surviving, life-bearing remnant.
- Isaiah 11:1 (verbal): Uses botanical imagery (stump, shoot, branch) for renewal from a root/stump—the same root/fruit imagery of re‑rooting and bearing fruit.
- Jeremiah 23:3 (thematic): God promises to gather the remnant of his flock and restore them—another promise of preservation and future fruitfulness for the remnant.
Alternative generated candidates
- The remnant of the house of Judah—the survivors who remain—shall again take root downward and bear fruit upward.
- The remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall take root downward and bear fruit upward.
2 K.19.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- מירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תצא: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms
- שארית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ופליטה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מהר: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- קנאת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:31-32 (verbal): Nearly identical wording — 'out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant… the zeal of the LORD of hosts will do this' (parallel account of Hezekiah/Sennacherib episode).
- Isaiah 10:20-22 (thematic): Speaks of a surviving remnant of Israel who return to the LORD despite widespread devastation — echoes the remnant motif in 2 Kgs 19:31.
- Micah 5:7-8 (thematic): Promises a 'remnant of Jacob' dwelling among nations and lifting up a standard — similar imagery of a preserved remnant from Zion/Jerusalem.
- Romans 11:5 (allusion): Paul speaks of a present 'remnant chosen by grace,' applying the OT remnant theology (as in passages like 2 Kgs/Isaiah) to the people of God in his day.
Alternative generated candidates
- For from Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and from Mount Zion those who escape; the zeal of the LORD of hosts will accomplish this.
- For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and they that escape out of Mount Zion; the zeal of the LORD of hosts will do this.
2 K.19.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אשור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- ולא: CONJ
- יורה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שם: ADV
- חץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- יקדמנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מגן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- ישפך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- סללה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:33 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel in Isaiah's account of the same oracle: Yahweh declares the king of Assyria will not enter Jerusalem, will not shoot an arrow there, nor build a siege ramp.
- 2 Kings 19:35 (structural): Immediate narrative fulfillment in the same chapter — the LORD acts (an angel strikes the Assyrian camp), preventing the Assyrians from taking the city as promised in v.32.
- Isaiah 37:36 (structural): Isaiah's continuation of the episode describing the divine intervention that stops the Assyrian army, echoing and fulfilling the proclamation that the city would not be entered or besieged.
- 2 Chronicles 32:21 (thematic): Chronicles' retelling of Hezekiah/Sennacherib emphasizes the same theological point: God rescued Jerusalem and the Assyrian king failed to capture the city, corresponding to the promise in 2 Kgs 19:32.
- Psalm 46:7 (thematic): Thematic parallel: Yahweh as protector of the city — 'The LORD of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our fortress' — resonates with the promise that Assyria would not enter or besiege Jerusalem.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore thus says the LORD concerning the king of Assyria: He shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there; he shall come before it no more with shield, nor cast up a mound against it.
- Therefore thus says the LORD to the king of Assyria: He shall not come into this city, nor shall he shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shield, nor cast up a siege-mound against it.
2 K.19.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בדרך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ישוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- יבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:33 (quotation): Nearly identical oracle in Isaiah: the LORD declares Sennacherib will return by the way he came and will not enter the city (direct verbal parallel).
- 2 Chronicles 32:21 (thematic): Chronicles retells the Assyrian crisis and divine deliverance, stating the LORD struck the Assyrian army and they withdrew—parallels the promise that the enemy will not enter the city and will be turned back.
- 2 Kings 19:32 (structural): Immediate context verse that prepares the same promise—God will defend the city so the king of Assyria shall not come in; closely linked in theme and wording.
- Isaiah 37:36 (verbal): Follows the proclamation by narrating the divine act: the angel of the LORD struck the Assyrian camp, causing the enemy to retreat—consequence of the declaration that they will return by their way and not enter the city.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the way that he came he shall return, and he shall not come into this city, declares the LORD.
- By the way that he came he shall return; he shall not come into this city, says the LORD.
2 K.19.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וגנותי: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- אל: NEG
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- להושיעה: VERB,hiph,inf,_,_,_ (with prefixed ל and suffixed 3f obj)
- למעני: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ולמען: CONJ+PREP
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:35 (quotation): Virtually identical wording — God promises to defend Jerusalem and save it 'for my own sake and for the sake of David my servant'; Isaiah's account parallels and expands the Hezekiah/Sennacherib episode.
- 2 Chronicles 32:21 (structural): Chronicles retells the Assyrian crisis and divine deliverance of Jerusalem; the narrative context and the motif of God rescuing the city for His purposes echo 2 Kings 19:34.
- 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (allusion): The Davidic covenant promises enduring protection and establishment of David's house — background rationale for God's special care of Jerusalem 'for David my servant's sake.'
- Psalm 89:3-4, 28-37 (thematic): Affirms God's covenantal commitment to David and his line (steadfast love and faithfulness to preserve David's throne), thematically underpinning promises to protect Jerusalem for David's sake.
Alternative generated candidates
- For I will defend this city to save it, for my own sake and for my servant David's sake.
- For I will defend this city to save it, for my own sake and for the sake of my servant David.
2 K.19.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בלילה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- במחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- שמונים: NUM,card,pl,m
- וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- וישכימו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
- בבקר: PREP
- והנה: ADV
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- פגרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מתים: ADJ,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:36 (quotation): Parallel/near-identical account of the same event: the angel of the LORD strikes the Assyrian camp, killing 185,000 overnight.
- 2 Chronicles 32:21 (structural): Chronicles' retelling of Hezekiah/Sennacherib story describing divine intervention in the Assyrian camp and their ensuing humiliation/retreat.
- 1 Chronicles 21:14-15 (thematic): Narrative of an angel striking down many as divine judgment (David's census punishment); shares the motif of an angel inflicting mass death as God's execution of judgment.
- Exodus 12:23 (thematic): The 'destroying angel' kills Egyptian firstborn at Passover—another instance of an angelic agent executing death to secure Israel's deliverance, paralleling the motif of deliverance by lethal angelic action.
- Psalm 91:7 (thematic): Poetic depiction of mass death around the faithful ('a thousand may fall at your side...'); thematically echoes the image of many falling by divine action while the faithful are preserved.
Alternative generated candidates
- That night the angel of the LORD went out and struck in the Assyrian camp one hundred eighty-five thousand; and when men rose early in the morning, behold—they were all dead bodies.
- And it came to pass that night that the angel of the LORD went out and struck in the camp of the Assyrians one hundred eighty-five thousand; and when they arose early in the morning, behold, all of them were dead corpses.
2 K.19.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויסע: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- סנחריב: NOUN_PROP,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אשור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בנינוה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:37 (verbal): Direct parallel in Isaiah’s account: the same statement that Sennacherib departed, went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh—verbal and structural correspondence to the Kings text.
- 2 Chronicles 32:21 (structural): Chronicles gives a parallel account of the Assyrian disaster and its aftermath, noting Sennacherib’s return to his land and the subsequent events in the house of his god—matching the outcome implied here.
- 2 Kings 19:35 (thematic): Immediate preceding verse in Kings describing the angel striking the Assyrian camp; provides the causative background for Sennacherib’s retreat and return to Nineveh.
- 2 Kings 19:37 (thematic): Immediate following verse in Kings reporting Sennacherib’s assassination upon returning to Nineveh; completes the narrative arc begun in 19:36 and parallels Chronicles and Isaiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Sennacherib king of Assyria broke camp and departed; he returned and went and dwelt at Nineveh.
- So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed and went away, and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh.
2 K.19.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- משתחוה: VERB,hitpael,ptc,3,m,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נסרך: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אלהיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואדרמלך: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ושראצר: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- הכהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+OBJ,3,m,sg
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והמה: PRON,3,m,pl
- נמלטו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אררט: NOUN,prop,f,sg
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אסר: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- חדן: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 37:38 (quotation): Direct parallel account in Isaiah of Sennacherib’s assassination: names Adrammelech and Sharezer, flight to the land of Ararat, and Esarhaddon’s accession — nearly identical report of the event.
- 2 Chronicles 32:21-22 (quotation): Chronicles retells the same episode—God’s deliverance of Jerusalem and the subsequent murder of Sennacherib by his sons (Adrammelech and Sharezer), who flee to Ararat, with Esarhaddon succeeding him.
- Isaiah 36–37 (structural): The parallel narrative to 2 Kings 18–19 in Isaiah: the Assyrian crisis, Hezekiah’s prayer, divine intervention, and the outcome culminating in the assassination recounted in 37:38.
- 2 Kings 18–19 (structural): Immediate literary context: the full account of Sennacherib’s campaign against Judah, the siege of Jerusalem, the angelic deliverance, and the king’s death — 19:37 concludes this narrative unit.
Alternative generated candidates
- As he was worshiping in the house of his god Nisroch, Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons struck him down with the sword; they escaped to the land of Ararat, and Esarhaddon his son reigned in his place.
- And it came to pass, as he was worshiping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer, his sons, struck him with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Ararat. And Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead.
And Isaiah son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, "Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, concerning the word with which you prayed to me about Sennacherib king of Assyria: I have heard."
This is the word that the LORD has spoken concerning him: "Go, make a taunt; go, you virgin daughter of Zion; make derision, you daughter of Jerusalem;"
"Against whom have you scoffed and blasphemed, and lifted up your voice and raised your eyes on high? Even against the Holy One of Israel."
By the hand of my servants you have reproached the LORD and said, 'By the multitude of my chariots I have ascended the heights of the mountains, the far recesses of Lebanon; I have cut down its tall cedars, its choicest cypresses; I have entered its remotest forest and its loftiest glades.'"
"I called and they came; I drank foreign waters; by the soles of my feet I have dried up all the streams of the besieged."
"Have you not heard? Long ago I did it; from ancient times I prepared it; now I have brought it to pass, that you should lay waste fortified cities into ruinous heaps."
Their people were shamed and confounded; they were like the grass of the field, like the tender herb—grass on the housetops and like new grass before it sprouts.
"I know your going out and your coming in, and your rage against me."
"Because your rage is stirred up against me and the tumult of your voice has come before me, I will put a hook in your nose and a bridle in your lips, and I will turn you back by the way by which you came." And this shall be the sign to you: this year eat what grows of itself; in the second year eat what springs from that; and in the third year sow and reap and plant vineyards and eat their fruit.
The remnant of the house of Judah that remains shall again take root downward and bear fruit upward.
For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and those who escape from Mount Zion; the zeal of the LORD of hosts will do this.
Therefore thus says the LORD to the king of Assyria: "He shall not come into this city, nor shall he shoot an arrow there, nor shall he come before it with a shield, nor shall he cast up a mound against it."
By the way that he came he shall return, and he shall not come into this city, says the LORD.
For I will defend this city to save it, for my own sake and for the sake of my servant David."
That night the angel of the LORD went forth and struck in the camp of Assyria one hundred eighty-five thousand; and when men arose early in the morning, behold, they were all corpses—dead.
Then Sennacherib king of Assyria departed and went home and dwelt at Nineveh. And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of his god Nisroch, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons struck him with the sword; and they fled into the land of Ararat. Esar‑haddon his son reigned in his stead.