The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant
Jeremiah 30:1-31:40
Jer.30.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאת: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Jeremiah 1:4 (verbal): Uses the same prophetic formula 'the word of the LORD came to me' marking divine revelation to Jeremiah (call/commission context).
- Ezekiel 1:3 (verbal): Begins with 'the word of the LORD came expressly unto Ezekiel,' a closely parallel verbal formula introducing prophetic material.
- Hosea 1:1 (structural): Opens with the standard prophetic introduction 'the word of the LORD that came unto Hosea,' paralleling Jeremiah 30:1's function as an authorial formula.
- Micah 1:1 (structural): Another prophetic opening ('the word of the LORD that came to Micah') that parallels Jeremiah 30:1 in form and purpose—marking the oracle's divine origin.
Alternative generated candidates
- The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying:
Jer.30.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- כתב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 17:14 (verbal): God commands Moses to 'Write this for a memorial in a book'—same verb and instruction to record divine words in a book.
- Deuteronomy 31:24-26 (structural): Moses finishes writing 'the words of this law in a book' and instructs its preservation beside the ark—parallels the practice of formally recording God's revelation for safeguarding and future reference.
- Isaiah 30:8 (verbal): Prophet told to 'write it before them on a tablet and inscribe it in a book'—closely parallels the prophetic injunction to set God's words into writing.
- Habakkuk 2:2 (thematic): Command to 'write the vision; make it plain on tablets'—thematic parallel of making divine revelation explicit and portable in written form.
- Jeremiah 36:2 (verbal): Within Jeremiah, God again commands Jeremiah to 'write all the words I have spoken to you'—a direct intrabiblical repetition of the same directive, here to a scroll.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: Write for yourself all the words that I have spoken to you into a book.
Jer.30.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- הנה: PART
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ושבתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שבות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהודה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- והשבתים: CONJ+VERB,hiphil,imperfect,1,_,sg
- אל: NEG
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- לאבותם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF,3,m,pl
- וירשוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl+OBJ,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 30:3-5 (thematic): Covenantal promise that God will bring back the exiles to the land given to their fathers and restore blessing—background for Jeremiah’s restoration motif.
- Ezekiel 36:24-28 (verbal): God declares He will gather Israel from the nations and bring them into their own land, using language of bringing back the people and renewing them similar to Jeremiah 30:3.
- Ezekiel 37:21-22 (verbal): Prediction that God will take the children of Israel from the nations and bring them into their own land, uniting Israel and Judah—parallels Jeremiah’s mention of both Israel and Judah returning.
- Isaiah 11:11-12 (thematic): Foretells the Lord’s future action to ‘recover the remnant’ and gather dispersed Israelites from the lands, echoing the theme of restoration in Jeremiah 30:3.
- Amos 9:14-15 (verbal): Promise that God will restore Israel, bring back their captivity, and they shall possess their land and not be uprooted—closely echoes the wording and outcome of Jeremiah’s promise.
Alternative generated candidates
- For behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will restore the fortunes of my people Israel and Judah; and I will bring them back to the land that I gave to their fathers, and they shall possess it.
Jer.30.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- Exodus 20:1 (verbal): The opening formula 'And God spoke all these words' (וַיְדַבֵּר אֱלֹהִים אֵת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה) parallels Jeremiah's introductory formula announcing the LORD's words.
- Deuteronomy 5:22 (verbal): Deuteronomy uses a similar phrasing ('These words the LORD spoke') to introduce divine commandments—parallel in form and function as an authoritative proclamation from YHWH.
- Jeremiah 1:4 (structural): Both verses employ the prophetic opening formula establishing that what follows is a direct message from the LORD to the people; Jeremiah 1:4 introduces the prophet's call, while 30:4 introduces an oracle.
- Amos 1:1 (structural): Amos 1:1 ('The words of Amos') functions as a book-opening formula like Jeremiah 30:4, marking the authoritative prophetic utterances and framing the ensuing oracles to Israel and Judah.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the words that the LORD spoke concerning Israel and concerning Judah.
Jer.30.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שמענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- פחד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 8:15 (thematic): Both speak of the expectation of peace that is confounded — people look for peace or healing but encounter terror/calamity instead.
- Joel 2:1 (thematic): Uses the imagery of a trumpet/alarm and a summons that produces fear and trembling across the land, paralleling the 'voice of trembling' announcing disaster.
- Zephaniah 1:14-16 (verbal): Announces 'the great day of the LORD' as near with a cry/voice and tumult that brings terror, echoing the motif of a voice that signals calamity rather than peace.
- Amos 3:6 (thematic): Asks rhetorically whether a trumpet/alarm can sound in a city without causing fear, linking divine warning-sounds with ensuing dread and judgment.
- Habakkuk 3:16 (verbal): The prophet describes bodily trembling and quivering 'at the voice' of the Lord — a parallel emotional and physical response to a divine, fear‑provoking announcement.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD: A sound of trembling we hear—terror, and there is no peace.
Jer.30.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שאלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- נא: PART
- וראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אם: CONJ
- ילד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדוע: ADV
- ראיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- כל: DET
- גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ידיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- חלציו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- כיולדה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונהפכו: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לירקון: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:8 (verbal): Uses almost identical childbirth imagery—'pangs and sorrows... as a woman that travaileth'—and describes fainting/pale faces in the face of coming judgment.
- Isaiah 21:3-4 (verbal): Speaks of loins filled with pain and pangs like a woman in travail; closely parallels the motif of agonized, birth‑pains language for national distress.
- Matthew 24:8 (thematic): Jesus applies the image of birth‑pangs ('the beginning of sorrows') to calamities and eschatological distress—same metaphor of travail to portray judgment and upheaval.
- Romans 8:22 (thematic): Paul describes creation as 'groaning and travailing'—employs the travail/birth‑pain motif to express intense suffering and the hope of imminent new birth/deliverance.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ask now and see: has a man been born? Why do I see every man with his hands on his loins like a woman in travail, and all faces turned pale?
Jer.30.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הוי: INTJ
- כי: CONJ
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- מאין: ADV,interrog
- כמהו: PRT+PRON,3,ms
- ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- צרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- ליעקב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- וממנה: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- יושע: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Daniel 12:1 (verbal): Speaks of 'a time of distress such as never was' and immediately promises deliverance for God's people—language closely parallels 'the time of Jacob's trouble' and the assurance that he shall be saved.
- Joel 2:31 (verbal): Describes 'the great and terrible day of the LORD'—the depiction of a singular, unparalleled day of judgment echoes Jeremiah's 'great day... none like it.'
- Joel 2:32 (thematic): Promises that 'everyone who calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved,' reflecting Jeremiah's concluding note of deliverance—'out of it he shall be saved.'
- Zephaniah 1:14-18 (thematic): Announces 'the great day of the LORD' as a day of wrath, distress and judgment unprecedented in severity—parallels the unique, devastating character of the day in Jeremiah 30:7.
- Jeremiah 30:11 (structural): Immediate context within the same oracle: God declares he will be with Jacob and save him—this directly develops the promise that 'he shall be saved' after the time of trouble.
Alternative generated candidates
- Alas! For that day is great—there is none like it; it is a time of distress for Jacob, yet from it he shall be saved.
Jer.30.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשבר: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
- מעל: PREP
- צוארך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms_suff
- ומוסרותיך: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,2,m,sg,abs
- אנתק: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- יעבדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- זרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 10:27 (verbal): Uses the same imagery and phraseology of a yoke/burden removed from the neck/shoulder (“that his burden shall be taken away… his yoke from off thy neck”).
- Exodus 6:6 (thematic): God’s promise to deliver Israel from bondage and remove oppressive burdens — a foundational deliverance motif echoed in Jeremiah’s promise to break the yoke.
- Psalm 107:14 (verbal): Speaks of God bringing out of darkness and breaking bands/cords, paralleling Jeremiah’s language of bursting bonds and removing restraints.
- Isaiah 58:6 (thematic): Describes God’s desired action to ‘undo the heavy burdens’ and let the oppressed go free, thematically matching the promise to break yokes and end foreign domination.
- Galatians 5:1 (allusion): New Testament echo of liberation language — ‘stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free’ — reflecting the biblical motif of freedom from the yoke of bondage.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it shall be in that day, declares the LORD of hosts, that I will break his yoke from off your neck, and burst your bonds; foreigners shall no more make you serve them.
Jer.30.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- ואת: CONJ
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלכם: NOUN,m,sg,construct+PRON:3,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אקים: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Hosea 3:5 (verbal): Very close verbal parallel — both passages state that Israel will 'seek/serve the LORD their God and David their king' in the latter days, suggesting shared prophetic tradition or direct echo.
- Jeremiah 23:5-6 (verbal): Same prophetic theme within Jeremiah: God promises to 'raise up' a righteous Davidic king ('a Branch of David'), linking restoration under the Lord with a Davidic ruler.
- Ezekiel 37:24 (allusion): Ezekiel envisions 'My servant David' as king over reunited Israel, echoing the promise of a Davidic ruler reigning under YHWH in the restored community.
- Amos 9:11-12 (thematic): Speaks of raising up 'the booth/tabernacle of David' so that Davidic rule and restoration are renewed—a parallel promise of reestablishing Davidic authority in the renewed nation.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall serve the LORD their God and David their king, whom I will raise up for them.
Jer.30.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- תירא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- תחת: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- מושיעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,sg
- מרחוק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- זרעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבים: VERB,qal,ptc,2,m,pl
- ושב: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ושקט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ושאנן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- מחריד: VERB,piel,ptc,0,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 43:5-6 (verbal): Shares the refrain 'Do not fear' and the promise to bring/gather Israel's offspring from distant places—echo of 'I will save you from afar and your seed from the land of captivity.'
- Jeremiah 31:8-10 (structural): Within the same prophetic corpus; promises the return and gathering of Israel from the lands of exile ('I will bring them back... I will save them'), paralleling the restoration language of Jer 30:10.
- Deuteronomy 30:3-4 (allusion): Earlier covenantal promise that YHWH will restore Israel from all nations and gather the dispersed—background legal-theological motif behind the Jeremiah promise to save and bring back the seed from exile.
- Zephaniah 3:14-17 (thematic): Commands rejoicing and 'do not fear,' and depicts God quieting and rejoicing over Zion ('he will quiet you by his love'), paralleling Jer 30:10's 'Jacob shall return and be quiet and at ease, and none shall make him afraid.'
Alternative generated candidates
- And you, do not fear, my servant Jacob, says the LORD, and do not be dismayed, O Israel; for behold, I will save you from afar, and your offspring from the land of their captivity. Jacob shall return and shall be at ease and secure, and none shall make him afraid.
Jer.30.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- להושיעך: PREP+VERB,hiphil,inf,_,_,_,+PRON,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- אעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- כלה: ADV
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הפצותיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- שם: ADV
- אך: PART
- אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- אעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- כלה: ADV
- ויסרתיך: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- למשפט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונקה: VERB,niphal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- אנקך: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 43:1-2 (thematic): Both passages promise God’s personal presence and protection—'I am with you'/'I will save you'—and assure deliverance through dangerous circumstances.
- Amos 9:9 (allusion): God speaks of sifting/scattering among the nations but preserving the people (a remnant); echoes Jeremiah’s claim that God will destroy the nations but not make an end of Israel.
- Deuteronomy 4:31 (verbal): Expresses the same assurance that the LORD, being merciful, will not abandon or destroy Israel—paralleling Jeremiah’s declaration 'yet I will not make a full end of you.'
- Zephaniah 3:17 (thematic): Declares the LORD is in the midst of his people and will save/quiet them, echoing Jeremiah’s emphasis on God’s nearness and saving intent toward Israel.
- Ezekiel 20:37-38 (thematic): Describes God’s disciplinary refining (bringing into judgment/purging) while ultimately preserving the people—paralleling Jeremiah’s combination of judgment/discipline and refusal to utterly destroy Israel.
Alternative generated candidates
- For I am with you, declares the LORD, to save you; for I will make an end of all the nations among whom I scattered you—of them I will make an end—but of you I will not make an end; I will correct you in justice, and I will by no means leave you wholly unpunished.
Jer.30.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לשברך: VERB,qal,infc,2,m,sg
- נחלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מכתך: NOUN,f,sg,suff-2ms
Parallels
- Jeremiah 30:13 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same oracle: continues the refrain about incurable wound and the absence of help (same context and language).
- Jeremiah 8:22 (thematic): Both passages lament the people's incurable sickness and ask rhetorically about a balm/healing (’Is there no balm in Gilead?’ motif).
- Isaiah 1:6 (thematic): Isaiah uses bodily imagery of pervasive, incurable disease (‘no soundness… wound’) to describe national sin, paralleling Jeremiah’s image of a grievous, unhealable wound.
- Psalm 38:5 (verbal): The psalmist describes personal wounds as corrupting and grievous, echoing the language of painful, festering injury used to depict Israel’s condition in Jeremiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD: Your bruise is incurable, your wound is grievous.
Jer.30.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אין: PART,neg
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דינך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2ms
- למזור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רפאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- תעלה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אין: PART,neg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 8:22 (verbal): Uses the same imagery—'Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician?'—and laments the absence of healing for the daughter of my people, a close verbal parallel.
- Jeremiah 30:12 (structural): Immediate context: declares the people's wound incurable and grievous, forming the direct diagnostic context for 30:13's statement that there is no remedy.
- Isaiah 1:6 (thematic): Speaks of the nation's sickness—'from head to toe there is no soundness'—a similar image of comprehensive, seemingly incurable corruption.
- Hosea 6:1-2 (thematic): An appeal for return and promise 'he will heal us,' which thematically parallels and contrasts Jeremiah's lament over the lack of healing and the hope for restoration.
- Ezekiel 34:16 (thematic): God's promise to 'bind up the injured and heal the sick' presents a theological counterpoint to Jeremiah's report that there is no physician or balm for the people's wound.
Alternative generated candidates
- There is no one to plead your cause, no healing for you; there is no remedy for your wound.
Jer.30.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- מאהביך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,f,sg
- שכחוך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl,obj=2ms
- אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידרשו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- כי: CONJ
- מכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אויב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכיתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg,2ms(obj)
- מוסר: NOUN,m,sg,const
- אכזרי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- עונך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- עצמו: PRON,3,m,sg
- חטאתיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss=2ms
Parallels
- Lam.1:2 (verbal): Nearly identical language: 'All her lovers have forgotten her; they do not seek her,' echoing the image of abandonment in Jer 30:14.
- Hosea 2:6-7 (verbal): God removes a woman's lovers so that she 'shall seek after them and shall not find them'—a closely related motif of forsaken lovers and divine judgment.
- Ps.38:3-5 (thematic): The psalmist depicts God’s chastening as painful wounds/punishments for sin—paralleling Jer 30:14's 'wound of an enemy' and harsh discipline for iniquity.
- Ezek.16:37 (allusion): God declares he will make Jerusalem 'bear your lewdness' and execute punishment for her sins—similar theology of punitive chastening on account of widespread iniquity.
Alternative generated candidates
- All your lovers have forgotten you; they do not seek you. For I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy, with the chastisement of the violent, because of the multitude of your iniquity; your sins have been great.
Jer.30.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מה: PRON,int
- תזעק: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- שברך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff,2,f,sg
- אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מכאבך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff,2,f,sg
- על: PREP
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- עונך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- עצמו: PRON,3,m,sg
- חטאתיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff,2,f,sg
- עשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 1:6 (thematic): Both depict Israel as physically diseased because of sin—'no soundness' from head to foot and wounds unhealed—using medical imagery to diagnose moral/spiritual corruption.
- Jeremiah 8:22 (verbal): Both lament the absence of healing for the nation's wound ('Is there no balm in Gilead? / Is there no healing for your wound?'), linking physical restoration with repentance.
- Psalm 38:3-5 (thematic): The psalmist attributes bodily suffering to sin—'there is no soundness in my flesh because of your anger'—echoing Jeremiah's connection between transgression and affliction.
- Isaiah 47:3 (allusion): Isaiah's image of nakedness and exposed garments as a sign of humiliation parallels Jeremiah's language of 'your skirts are uncovered,' both portraying shame as the consequence of transgression.
Alternative generated candidates
- Why cry out over your affliction? Your pain is bitter; your wound is severe. Because of the multitude of your iniquity, because your sins have increased, I have done these things to you.
Jer.30.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- כל: DET
- אכליך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2,ms
- יאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- צריך: ADJ,m,sg
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- בשבי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ילכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- והיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- שאסיך: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl+2,ms
- למשסה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- בזזיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2,ms
- אתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- לבז: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
Parallels
- Isaiah 49:26 (verbal): Uses the same violent reversal imagery of enemies being made to 'eat' their victims/their own flesh — God turns the oppressors' violence back on them.
- Obadiah 1:15 (thematic): Declares a principle of retributive reversal — what nations have done to Israel will be done to them (’as you have done, it shall be done to you’).
- Deuteronomy 32:35-36 (thematic): Speaks of divine vengeance and recompense — God repays enemies and vindicates his people, a theological parallel to enemies becoming the prey.
- Nahum 1:8 (thematic): Portrays God bringing a catastrophic overturning of an enemy (Assyria) so that those who oppressed are destroyed — similar language of making oppressors perish.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore all who devour you shall be devoured; and all your foes, every one of them, shall go into captivity; those who plunder you shall be plunder, and all who prey on you I will give as prey.
Jer.30.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- ארכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- וממכותיך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ארפאך: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg+PRON,2,m,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- נדחה: VERB,nif,perf,3,m,sg
- קראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- דרש: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- אין: PART,neg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 33:6 (verbal): Uses almost identical language promising health and healing for Jerusalem—God will bring restoration and cure the people’s wounds.
- Isaiah 49:14 (allusion): Depicts Zion as feeling forsaken—Jeremiah answers that depiction by promising restoration and healing for the outcast city.
- Isaiah 61:1-3 (thematic): Proclaims binding up the brokenhearted and comforting Zion—similar themes of divine restoration, healing and renewal for the afflicted.
- Hosea 6:1-2 (thematic): Calls Israel to return to the LORD with the assurance ‘He will heal us’—links repentance and return to divine healing and restoration.
- Psalm 147:3 (verbal): Expresses the same saving action—‘He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds’—echoing Jeremiah’s promise of healing.
Alternative generated candidates
- For I will restore health to you, and I will heal you of your wounds, declares the LORD, because they have called you an outcast: 'It is Zion; no one seeks her.'
Jer.30.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- שב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שבות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אהלי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- יעקוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומשכנתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
- ארחם: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- ונבנתה: VERB,niphal,impf,3,fs,sg
- עיר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- תלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וארמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- משפטו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Amos 9:14-15 (verbal): God promises to bring back the exiles and restore the waste cities so they are rebuilt and inhabited—language and theme closely mirror Jeremiah's promise to restore Jacob's dwellings and rebuild the city.
- Ezekiel 36:10-11 (thematic): God pledges to increase population on the land and cause desolate cities to be inhabited again, paralleling Jeremiah's emphasis on repopulation and rebuilding of cities and palaces.
- Isaiah 61:4 (thematic): Speaks of rebuilding ancient ruins and raising up former devastations—a parallel promise of restorative construction and renewal of community life found in Jeremiah 30:18.
- Zechariah 8:7-8 (allusion): Declares that the LORD will bring back the exiles, dwell among them, and have mercy on Jerusalem—echoing Jeremiah's motifs of return, divine compassion, and reestablishment of the city.
- Jeremiah 33:7 (structural): Within the same prophetic corpus, this verse likewise promises the return of Judah and Jerusalem's captives and the restoration of cities, providing an immediate canonical parallel and reinforcement of the restoration oracle.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD: Behold, I will restore the fortunes of Jacob's tents and have mercy on his dwellings; the city shall be built on its mound, and the palace shall be established as before.
Jer.30.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- תודה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וקול: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משחקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והרבתים: CONJ+VERB,hiph,perf,1,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- ימעטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- והכבדתים: CONJ+VERB,hiph,perf,1,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- יצערו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Jer.33.11 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language — 'the voice of joy and the voice of gladness' — and likewise promises thanksgiving, gladness, and restoration for the people.
- Isa.35.10 (thematic): Speaks of the ransomed returning to Zion with singing and everlasting joy; parallels Jeremiah's theme of restoration, rejoicing, and the removal of humiliation.
- Ps.30.11-12 (thematic): Describes God turning mourning into dancing and resulting continual praise and thanksgiving, echoing Jeremiah's shift from sorrow to voices of thanksgiving and gladness.
- Zeph.3.17 (thematic): Portrays the LORD rejoicing over his people, removing shame and exulting with singing — a parallel depiction of divine restoration leading to joy and praise.
Alternative generated candidates
- From them shall go forth thanksgiving and the sound of those who celebrate; I will increase them, and they shall not be few; I will make them honored, and they shall not be insignificant.
Jer.30.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- כקדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועדתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,suff
- לפני: PREP
- תכון: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
- ופקדתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- לחציו: NOUN,m,pl,suff
Parallels
- Ezekiel 34:13 (thematic): God will bring back the dispersed, set them in their pastures and establish the flock — a parallel promise of restoration and establishment of the community before Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 36:11 (thematic): A promise to bring people back, repopulate cities and make the land fruitful — echoes Jeremiah’s assurance that children will be as before and the nation restored.
- Zechariah 10:6-8 (thematic): Yahweh promises to strengthen Judah, rescue and gather them from exile and punish their foes — closely parallels the themes of establishment and punishment of oppressors in Jer 30:20.
- Jeremiah 31:7-9 (structural): Within Jeremiah’s larger restoration oracle: the return of children, gladness over restoration, and God’s deliverance — a direct internal parallel framing the same restoration theme.
- Isaiah 49:25 (verbal): God declares he will contend with and seize those who oppress his people and will save their children — language that closely mirrors the promise to punish oppressors and secure the children’s status.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their children also shall be as of old, and their assembly shall be established before me; I will visit all who oppress them.
Jer.30.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אדירו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ומשלו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- מקרבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והקרבתיו: VERB,hifil,perf,1,m,sg,obj3,m,sg
- ונגש: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- כי: CONJ
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- ערב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לגשת: VERB,qal,inf
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 11:1-2 (allusion): Speaks of a shoot from Jesse/a leader arising from David’s line endowed by God's Spirit — parallels Jeremiah’s promise of a ruler coming from their midst and being drawn near to God.
- Micah 5:2-4 (thematic): Predicts a ruler who comes from Israel (Bethlehem), who will shepherd and bring security — echoes the theme of a leader arising from among them to rule and be close to God.
- Ezekiel 37:24-25 (quotation): Declares that 'David my servant' shall be king over them and they shall have one shepherd — a direct parallel to God raising a Davidic leader from their midst to rule and return to him.
- Zechariah 6:12-13 (allusion): Describes the 'Branch' who will build and rule, combining priestly/royal imagery — resonates with the motif of a divinely appointed leader emerging from the people to stand before God.
- Psalm 132:11 (verbal): Yahweh’s oath to David that his offspring will sit upon his throne — provides the covenantal background for Jeremiah’s promise of a ruler arising from their midst.
Alternative generated candidates
- And their ruler shall be one of themselves, and their leader shall come from their midst; I will bring him near and he shall draw near to me. Who is this that pledged his heart to draw near to me? declares the LORD.
Jer.30.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והייתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לעם: PREP
- ואנכי: PRON,1,sg
- אהיה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- לאלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 6:7 (verbal): God's covenant promise at the Exodus — 'I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God' (same people–God formula).
- Leviticus 26:12 (verbal): Covenant-blessing formula: 'I will walk among you and will be your God, and you shall be my people' — identical relationship language used for Israel.
- Ezekiel 36:28 (verbal): Restoration promise after exile: 'You shall be my people, and I will be your God' — echoes Jeremiah's restoration theme with the same wording.
- Jeremiah 31:33 (quotation): Later passage in Jeremiah describing the new covenant: 'I will be their God, and they shall be my people' — closely related covenantal language within the same prophetic corpus.
- 2 Corinthians 6:16 (quotation): Paulic use of the covenant formula ('I will be a God to you, and you shall be my people') to describe the believers' identity, echoing the OT covenant promises.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall be my people, and I will be your God.
Jer.30.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- סערת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- חמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יצאה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- סער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מתגורר: VERB,hitpael,part,1,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רשעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יחול: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 23:19 (verbal): Almost identical wording elsewhere in Jeremiah: 'Behold, the storm of the LORD! Wrath has gone forth…' — same storm/whirlwind image of divine judgment.
- Nahum 1:2-6 (thematic): God's wrath portrayed as overwhelming natural forces (storm, earthquake, flood) that punish the wicked — theme of a divine tempest executing judgment.
- Habakkuk 3:8-11 (thematic): Vision language of the LORD coming in storm and earthquake to overthrow nations; divine fury pictured as a consuming, whirlwind-like assault.
- Psalm 18:7-15 (thematic): Poetic depiction of God's wrath as storm, thunder, and seismic upheaval that strikes the wicked — similar motif of a tempest falling on enemies' heads.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, the storm of the LORD—wrath goes forth, a whirling tempest; it will burst upon the head of the wicked.
Jer.30.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לא: PART_NEG
- ישוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אף: ADV
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- עשתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- הקימו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- מזמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- באחרית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- תתבוננו: VERB,hitpael,imprf,2,m,pl
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Jer.23:20 (quotation): Nearly identical wording—God’s anger will not return until he has executed the intents of his heart; the thought is repeated within Jeremiah.
- Isa.46:10 (verbal): God declares he will declare the end from the beginning and accomplish his counsel—parallel claim that the LORD brings his purposes to pass.
- Ps.33:11 (verbal): Speaks of the counsel/plans of the LORD standing forever—similar emphasis on the permanence and execution of God’s purposes.
- Isa.14:24 (thematic): Affirms that God’s purposed plan will stand and be fulfilled—same theme of the inevitability of divine intention.
- Hab.2:3 (thematic): The vision awaits its appointed time and will surely come—echoes the idea that God’s purposes will be fulfilled in their due (latter) time.
Alternative generated candidates
- The fierce anger of the LORD will not turn back until he has done it, and until he has carried out the intents of his heart. In the latter days you will understand it.
Jer.31.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ההיא: DEM,f,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אהיה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- לאלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP
- משפחות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והמה: PRON,3,m,pl
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לעם: PREP
Parallels
- Exodus 6:7 (verbal): Uses the same covenantal formula — God declares he will take Israel as his people and be their God ('I will take you to myself for a people, and I will be your God').
- Leviticus 26:12 (verbal): Parallel covenant promise: 'I will walk among you and be your God, and you shall be my people,' echoing Jeremiah's declaration of renewed relationship.
- Ezekiel 36:28 (verbal): Restoration language echoing Jeremiah: 'You shall be my people, and I will be your God,' affirming a future renewing of the God–people bond.
- Jeremiah 31:33 (structural): Immediate context within the same chapter repeating and expanding the covenantal promise ('I will be their God, and they shall be my people'), now tied to a new heart and law.
- 2 Corinthians 6:16 (quotation): New Testament citation that combines dwelling/temple language with the OT formula 'I will be their God and they shall be my people,' applying the promise to the Christian community.
Alternative generated candidates
- At that time, declares the LORD, I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they shall be my people.
Jer.31.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- שרידי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הלוך: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg
- להרגיעו: VERB,hiph,inf,3,m,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 32:10 (verbal): Uses the verb 'found' in connection with a desert/wilderness setting — God 'found' Israel in a desolate place, echoing the image of God meeting/locating his people in the wilderness.
- Hosea 2:14 (allusion): Speaks of God bringing or alluring Israel into the wilderness to speak tenderly and restore her — parallels the wilderness as the setting for divine reconciliation and comforting of the remnant.
- Isaiah 40:1 (thematic): Calls for comfort to God's people ('Comfort, comfort my people'), matching Jeremiah's motif of God coming to soothe and console Israel.
- Ezekiel 34:11-16 (structural): Portrays Yahweh as shepherd who seeks out, gathers and restores the scattered/remnant — parallels Jeremiah's theme of God finding and calming the remnant of Israel.
- Psalm 107:4-9 (thematic): Describes wanderers in the wilderness whom God leads out, satisfies and settles — echoes the motif of Israel's distress in the desert and God's deliverance and comforting care.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD: A people has found favor in the wilderness— the remnant of the sword; Israel went to find rest.
Jer.31.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מרחוק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- נראה: VERB,nip,perf,3,m,sg
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ואהבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהבתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg+OBJ,2,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- משכתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg,OBJ:2,m,sg
- חסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Hosea 11:1-4 (verbal): Uses the same imagery of God's parental, drawing love (משכתי/משכתיך) and 'cords/bands of love'—God's faithful, tender drawing of Israel.
- Isaiah 54:8-10 (verbal): Speaks of a momentary hiding of God's face but an enduring, everlasting kindness/steadfast love (chesed) and covenantal faithfulness to Israel, echoing 'I have loved you with an everlasting love.'
- Psalm 103:17 (thematic): Declares the steadfast/everlasting nature of the LORD's love ('from everlasting to everlasting'), paralleling Jeremiah's emphasis on eternal love and faithfulness.
- Romans 8:38-39 (allusion): New Testament affirmation that nothing can separate believers from the love of God—reflects Jeremiah's theme of God's inseparable, enduring love and faithful drawing.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD appeared to me from afar: 'With everlasting love I have loved you; therefore I have continued my faithfulness to you.'
Jer.31.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עוד: ADV
- אבנך: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- ונבנית: VERB,niphal,impf,2,f,sg
- בתולת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עוד: ADV
- תעדי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
- תפיך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויצאת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- במחול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משחקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 61:4 (verbal): Speaks of rebuilding the ancient ruins and raising up former devastations—directly echoes Jeremiah’s promise “I will rebuild you.”
- Isaiah 54:4-5 (allusion): Uses marriage/virgin imagery and divine vindication (“your Maker is your husband”) paralleling the motif of Israel’s renewed status as a restored bride/virgin.
- Psalm 30:11-12 (thematic): ’You have turned my mourning into dancing’ parallels Jeremiah’s image of Israel taking up timbrels and going out in glad dances—theme of reversal from mourning to joy.
- Hosea 2:14-15 (thematic): God’s wooing and restoration of Israel—’I will allure her…she shall respond as in the days of her youth’—resonates with the renewal and regained joy of ‘virgin Israel.’
- Zephaniah 3:14-17 (thematic): Calls Zion to sing and rejoice because the LORD has taken away judgments and will dwell among his people—parallel emphases on restored Israel, singing, and gladness.
Alternative generated candidates
- Again I will build you, and you shall be rebuilt, O virgin Israel; again you shall be adorned with tambourines and shall go forth in the dances of those who make merry.
Jer.31.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עוד: ADV
- תטעי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
- כרמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בהרי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cnst
- שמרון: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נטעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- נטעים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- וחללו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Amos 9:14 (verbal): Promise of restoration using the same vineyard imagery—people will plant vineyards and eat their fruit, echoing Jeremiah's language of replanting and enjoying the harvest.
- Isaiah 65:21 (verbal): Close verbal and thematic parallel: the prophet speaks of building houses, planting vineyards and eating their fruit as signs of restored prosperity.
- Hosea 2:15 (thematic): Speaks of giving vineyards/restoration in a formerly desolate place (the 'Valley of Achor' as a door of hope), using vineyard imagery to convey restoration and blessing.
- Zechariah 8:12 (thematic): Foretells fruitful sowing and abundant vine yield in the restored land—similar agricultural imagery of planting and enjoying divine renewal.
- Joel 3:18 (thematic): Depicts the eschatological renewal of the land with mountains dripping wine and hills flowing with milk—comparable symbolic language of abundant restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- Again you shall plant vineyards on the hills of Samaria; the planters shall plant and shall enjoy their fruit.
Jer.31.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- נצרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קומו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- ונעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,pl
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 62:6 (verbal): Both speak of watchmen/guardians set on the heights of Zion/Ephraim who are to call out—shared language and function (watchmen calling to Zion).
- Psalm 122:1-4 (verbal): Echoes the call to go up to the LORD’s place: 'Let us go into the house of the LORD' parallels 'Arise and let us go up to Zion unto the LORD our God.'
- Micah 4:2 (thematic): Shared theme of peoples coming up to the mountain/Zion of the LORD—an invitation for the nations/assembly to go up to the LORD’s hill.
- Zechariah 8:20-22 (thematic): Promises that many peoples and cities will come to seek the LORD in Jerusalem, paralleling the movement toward Zion and seeking God.
- Isaiah 40:9 (verbal): Uses imperative language of 'Get thee up'/'Arise' and summons Zion to go forth with a message—similar imperative/ascending imagery toward Zion.
Alternative generated candidates
- For there shall be a day when watchmen call in the hill country of Ephraim: 'Arise, and let us go up to Zion, to the LORD our God.'
Jer.31.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- רנו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- ליעקב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- שמחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וצהלו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- בראש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- השמיעו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,pl
- הללו: VERB,piel,impv,2,m,pl
- ואמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הושע: VERB,qal,imp,2,ms
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- את: PRT,acc
- שארית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 98:4-6 (verbal): Calls for loud singing and celebration because the LORD has revealed his salvation to the nations—parallels Jeremiah’s summons to shout and proclaim that the LORD has saved his people.
- Isaiah 35:10 (verbal): Speaks of the redeemed returning to Zion with singing and everlasting joy—echoes Jeremiah’s theme of Israel’s salvation and public rejoicing.
- Zephaniah 3:14-15 (verbal): An explicit command to sing and shout for Israel’s restoration and deliverance; closely parallels Jeremiah’s language and tone of joyful proclamation.
- Romans 11:5 (allusion): Paul’s reference to a faithful ‘remnant’ chosen by grace echoes Jeremiah’s motif of the surviving remnant of Israel saved by the LORD.
- Zechariah 8:23 (thematic): Portrays nations coming to Israel and acclaiming God’s presence and blessing—connects to Jeremiah’s image of rejoicing among the nations over God’s saving of Israel.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD: Sing aloud with gladness for Jacob, and shout among the chief of the nations; proclaim and say, 'O LORD, save your people, the remnant of Israel.'
Jer.31.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- מביא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- צפון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקבצתים: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperf,1,comm,sg
- מירכתי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,constr
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- עור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ופסח: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרה: ADJ,f,sg
- וילדת: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- יחדו: ADV
- קהל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ישובו: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,pl
- הנה: PART
Parallels
- Isaiah 11:11 (verbal): Explicitly speaks of the LORD recovering a remnant 'from the north country'—language and motif closely echo Jeremiah's promise to bring people back from the north.
- Ezekiel 36:24 (thematic): God's promise to 'take you from the nations and bring you into your own land' parallels Jeremiah's theme of regathering Israel from the dispersion and restoring them to the land.
- Psalm 107:2-3 (thematic): Speaks of the redeemed whom God has gathered 'out of the lands, from the east and from the west,' echoing Jeremiah's image of assembling scattered people from the ends of the earth.
- Jeremiah 23:3 (structural): Within the same book God likewise promises to 'gather the remnant of my flock'—a closely related proclamation of restoration and return that frames Jer 31:8's promise.
- Zechariah 10:10 (allusion): Foretells God bringing his people back and assembling them in abundance; echoes the image of a large company returning home that appears in Jeremiah 31:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, I will bring them from the land of the north and gather them from the farthest parts of the earth; among them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and she who is in labor— a great company shall return here.
Jer.31.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בבכי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ובתחנונים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אובילם: VERB,hiph,impf,1,m,sg
- אוליכם: VERB,hiph,impf,1,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- נחלי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בדרך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ישר: ADJ,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יכשלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- הייתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- לישראל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואפרים: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1s
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 4:22 (verbal): God’s designation of Israel as his son and firstborn ('Israel is my son, my firstborn') parallels Jeremiah’s claim 'for I have become a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.'
- Hosea 11:1 (allusion): Hosea evokes God’s fatherly relationship with Israel ('When Israel was a child I loved him'), a background for Jeremiah’s language of God as father who restores and leads Israel.
- Psalm 23:2 (verbal): The pastoral image of divine guidance beside water ('He leads me beside still waters') echoes Jeremiah’s promise to lead the returning exiles 'to streams of water' on a straight path.
- Isaiah 49:10 (thematic): Isaiah’s assurance that the redeemed will neither hunger nor thirst and that God will 'lead them' and tend them complements Jeremiah’s promise of safe guidance to water and unerring paths.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall come with weeping; they shall pray as I bring them back. I will lead them beside streams of water, in a straight way in which they shall not stumble; for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.
Jer.31.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והגידו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- באיים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ממרחק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מזרה: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יקבצנו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ושמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כרעה: VERB,qal,part,ms,sg
- עדרו: NOUN,m,sg,suff
Parallels
- Isaiah 43:5-6 (thematic): God promises to bring Israel's exiles from east and west and gather them from the ends of the earth—parallels the theme of scattering and gathering of Israel addressed to the nations.
- Ezekiel 34:11-16 (verbal): God as shepherd who seeks out and gathers the scattered sheep and cares for them—shares close shepherd imagery and verbs (seek, gather, feed, keep) with Jeremiah 31:10.
- Psalm 147:2-3 (verbal): Declares that the LORD 'gathers the outcasts of Israel' and heals the brokenhearted—a concise verbal parallel about gathering Israel and divine care.
- Jeremiah 23:3-4 (structural): An internal Jeremiah parallel promising God will gather the remnant of his flock and set shepherds over them—reinforces the prophetic theme of restoration and pastoral care within the book.
- John 10:16 (allusion): Jesus speaks of having 'other sheep' to be brought into one flock, echoing the shepherd motif and the gathering of dispersed people—New Testament appropriation of the shepherd/gathering theme.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hear the word of the LORD, O nations, and declare it in the coastlands far away, and say, 'He who scattered Israel will gather him, and will keep him as a shepherd keeps his flock.'
Jer.31.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- פדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וגאלו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- מיד: PREP
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 6:6 (quotation): God's promise to 'redeem' Israel—'I will redeem you with an outstretched arm'—parallels Jeremiah's language of the LORD redeeming Jacob from a stronger hand.
- Isaiah 43:1 (verbal): Uses the same redeemer motif: 'I have redeemed you; I have called you by name,' affirming God's act of delivering Israel.
- Psalm 130:8 (verbal): Explicitly states God will 'redeem Israel from all his iniquities,' echoing the theme of divine redemption of Jacob/Israel.
- Psalm 106:10 (verbal): Speaks of God saving and redeeming the people 'from the hand of the foe/enemy,' closely matching the image of rescue from a stronger hand.
- Hosea 13:14 (thematic): God's power to ransom/redeem (even from death/Sheol) underscores the theological theme of God rescuing Israel from forces stronger than they.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the LORD has redeemed Jacob and ransomed him from hands too strong for him.
Jer.31.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובאו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- ורננו: VERB,qal,impv,2,_,pl
- במרום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ונהרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- דגן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- תירש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- יצהר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובקר: CONJ,NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- נפשם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- כגן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רוה: ADJ,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- יוסיפו: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,pl
- לדאבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עוד: ADV
Parallels
- Joel 2:24 (verbal): Lists grain, wine and oil and promises agricultural abundance after restoration—close verbal and thematic echo of Jeremiah’s dgan, tîrôš and yēṣer and restored joy.
- Psalm 104:14-15 (verbal): Speaks of God providing grain, wine and oil that gladden the heart—parallels Jeremiah’s linking of these goods to God’s goodness and the people’s joy.
- Isaiah 35:10 (thematic): Speaks of redeemed ones returning with singing and sorrow ended—matches Jeremiah’s image of return to Zion, exuberant singing, and the end of grief.
- Psalm 65:11-13 (thematic): Describes the year crowned with bounty, fields clothed with grain and pastures with flocks—similar agricultural abundance and joyous restoration imagery as in Jeremiah 31:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall come and sing aloud on the height of Zion; they shall be radiant over the goodness of the LORD, over the grain, the wine, and the oil, and over the young of the flock and the herd; their life shall be like a watered garden, and they shall languish no more.
Jer.31.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אז: ADV
- תשמח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- בתולה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- במחול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובחרים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וזקנים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יחדו: ADV
- והפכתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- אבלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- לששון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונחמתים: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ושמחתים: CONJ+VERB,hiphil,impf,1,sg
- מיגונם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 30:11 (verbal): 'You turned my mourning into dancing' closely echoes Jeremiah's promise to 'turn their mourning into joy' (direct verbal and thematic parallel).
- Isaiah 61:3 (thematic): Speaks of giving 'beauty for ashes' and 'the oil of joy for mourning,' echoing the transformation of sorrow into comfort and rejoicing in Jeremiah.
- Zechariah 8:19 (thematic): Declares that traditional fasts will become 'joy and gladness and cheerful feasts,' parallel to Jeremiah's reversal of mourning into celebration.
- Isaiah 35:10 (thematic): Promises that 'they shall obtain joy and gladness; sorrow and sighing shall flee away,' reflecting the same motif of consolation and restored joy.
- Psalm 126:5–6 (thematic): Image of those who 'sow in tears' yet 'reap with shouts of joy' parallels the movement from weeping to rejoicing found in Jeremiah 31:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then shall the young women rejoice in the dance, and the young men and the old together; I will turn their mourning into joy; I will comfort them and make them rejoice from their sorrow.
Jer.31.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ורויתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- דשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועמי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss1s
- את: PRT,acc
- טובי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:1cs
- ישבעו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 65:4 (verbal): ‘We shall be satisfied with the goodness of your house’ closely parallels Jeremiah’s ‘my people shall be satisfied with my goodness’—both promise communal satisfaction in God’s provision.
- Psalm 63:5 (verbal): ‘My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness’ echoes the imagery of satisfaction and ‘fatness’ (rich abundance) found in Jeremiah 31:14.
- Psalm 36:8 (thematic): Speaks of feasting on the abundance/of your house and being satisfied from your delights—similar theme of God’s abundant provision satisfying his people.
- Joel 2:26 (thematic): ‘You shall eat in plenty and be satisfied’—a prophetic promise of restoration and plentiful provision that parallels Jeremiah’s assurance of priests and people being satisfied.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will satisfy the priests with abundance, and my people shall be satisfied with my goodness, declares the LORD.
Jer.31.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נשמע: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- נהי: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בכי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמרורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רחל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מבכה: VERB,qal,ptcp,f,sg
- על: PREP
- בניה: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m
- מאנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- להנחם: INF,niphal
- על: PREP
- בניה: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m
- כי: CONJ
- איננו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl,neg
Parallels
- Matthew 2:18 (quotation): Matthew explicitly cites Jeremiah 31:15 (with slight wording change) to interpret the massacre of Bethlehem's infants under Herod as the fulfillment of Rachel's weeping.
- Jeremiah 31:16 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same oracle: God responds to Rachel's lament, commanding silence and promising restoration — a direct internal parallel within the Jeremiah passage.
- Genesis 35:19 (allusion): Genesis records Rachel's death and burial near Ephrath/Bethlehem, supplying the maternal image and geographical background evoked by Jeremiah's 'Rachel weeping' motif.
- Psalm 137:1–4 (thematic): The exile lament at the rivers of Babylon (weeping, refusal to sing) parallels Jeremiah's themes of exile grief and communal mourning for lost children and homeland.
- Lamentations 2:11 (thematic): Lamentations depicts intense, tearful mourning for 'the daughter of my people' and her children, echoing Jeremiah's image of collective maternal sorrow and bereavement.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD: A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping—Rachel is weeping for her children; she refuses to be comforted because they are not.
Jer.31.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מנעי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- קולך: NOUN,m,sg,suf
- מבכי: PREP
- ועיניך: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+suff(2ms)
- מדמעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפעלתך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,fs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ושבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אויב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jer.31.17 (structural): Immediate context in the same prophetic oracle: verse 16 promises reward and return, and v.17 explicitly turns mourning into joy and assures restoration—direct continuation of the comfort theme.
- Ps.126:5-6 (verbal): Both passages link weeping/labor and a future recompense: 'those who sow in tears shall reap with shouts of joy' parallels 'restrain your voice from weeping... for there is reward for your work'.
- Isa.35:10 (thematic): Promises of redeemed ones returning with joy mirror Jeremiah's assurance that the exiles will 'come back from the land of the enemy' and experience restoration.
- Ezek.36:24-25 (thematic): God's promise to gather Israel from the nations and cleanse/restore them resonates with Jeremiah's promise of return from the enemy's land and divine vindication for Israel's suffering.
- Matt.2:18 (quoting Jer.31:15) (quotation): Matthew cites Jeremiah's image of Rachel weeping for her children (Jer.31:15) when describing Herod's massacre; this connects to the same chapter's move from lament (v.15–16) to divine consolation and return.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD: Keep your voice from weeping, and your eyes from tears; for there is a reward for your work, declares the LORD, and they shall come back from the land of the enemy.
Jer.31.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויש: CONJ+VERB,qal,pres,3,_,sg
- תקוה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לאחריתך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,m
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ושבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לגבולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m
Parallels
- Jeremiah 31:16 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter: promises reward and declares that children will return from the land of the enemy—closely mirrors wording and idea of return to their borders.
- Jeremiah 29:11 (thematic): Divine assurance of a hopeful future—both verses use the language of 'hope' and God's intentions for a restored future for the people.
- Isaiah 43:5–6 (thematic): God promises to bring offspring back and gather the exiles from the ends of the earth—shares the motif of returning children and restoration to the land.
- Ezekiel 36:24 (structural): God's pledge to gather Israel from the nations and bring them into their land—a parallel promise of ingathering and national restoration.
- Psalm 126:1–6 (thematic): Imagery of return from captivity and the joy of restoration—echoes the theme that exile will end and the people (including children) will be brought back with rejoicing.
Alternative generated candidates
- There is hope for your latter end, declares the LORD, and your children shall come back to their own border.
Jer.31.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שמוע: VERB,qal,infc
- שמעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מתנודד: VERB,hitpael,ptcp,3,m,sg
- יסרתני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- ואוסר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כעגל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- למד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- השיבני: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- ואשובה: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,sg
- כי: CONJ
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- Hosea 11:1-4 (verbal): Ephraim/Israel pictured as a young child/young calf whom God lovingly draws, leads and disciplines — closely parallels the calf/youngster imagery and God’s tender intent to restore in Jer.31:18.
- Hosea 10:11 (allusion): Ephraim compared to a trained heifer/young ox ( threshing imagery ); echoes the calf/untamed-animal motif and Israel’s failure to learn from God’s training.
- Jeremiah 3:14 (thematic): A summons to ‘return’ to the LORD with the promise of restoration — matches Jer.31:18’s call for Ephraim to be brought back and God’s pledge to return/restore.
- Ezekiel 34:11-16 (thematic): God as shepherd who seeks, rescues and restores the scattered/lost flock — parallels the concern for wandering Ephraim and the promise of recovery and mercy.
- Isaiah 63:9 (thematic): God’s compassionate identification with Israel in their affliction and his merciful care — resonates with the emotional/paternal tenderness and intent to have mercy in Jer.31:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- I have heard Ephraim grieving: 'You disciplined me, and I was disciplined like an untrained calf; bring me back, and I will return, for you are the LORD my God.'
Jer.31.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אחרי: PREP
- שובי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- נחמתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- ואחרי: CONJ
- הודעי: NOUN,m,sg,suff-1cs
- ספקתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- על: PREP
- ירך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בשתי: PREP+NUM,card,f,dual
- וגם: CONJ
- נכלמתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,c,sg
- כי: CONJ
- נשאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- חרפת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- נעורי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
Parallels
- Psalm 25:7 (verbal): Speaks of 'the sins of my youth'/'youthful transgressions'—directly parallels Jeremiah's 'reproach of my youth' and concern about youthful sin being remembered.
- Psalm 51:3-4, 17 (thematic): Confession, shame, and contrition after recognition of sin ('I acknowledge my transgressions'); Jeremiah's self-reproach and repentance echo this penitential mood.
- Lamentations 3:40 (structural): Calls for self-examination and returning to the LORD—parallels Jeremiah's sequence of being instructed, self-reproof, and turning in shame.
- Proverbs 3:11-12 (thematic): Portrays divine chastening as corrective discipline; Jeremiah's 'after I was instructed I punished myself' reflects the motif of beneficial chastening leading to repentance.
- Hosea 6:1 (thematic): A summons to 'return' and repent after judgment ('He has smitten, and he will heal us')—resonates with Jeremiah's movement from admonition to contrition and shame.
Alternative generated candidates
- After I turned, I repented; after I was instructed, I struck upon my thigh. I was ashamed, yes, even confounded, because I bore the reproach of my youth.
Jer.31.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הבן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יקיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- ילד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שעשעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- מדי: PREP
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אזכרנו: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
- עוד: ADV
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- המו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מעי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- רחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- א: PRT
- רחמנו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg+PRON,1,_,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Hosea 11:1 (thematic): Uses parental/ filial language about Ephraim/Israel ('When Israel was a child I loved him'), establishing the motif of God as a loving parent toward Ephraim that underlies Jeremiah 31:20.
- Hosea 11:8-9 (verbal): Expresses the same inward compassion and reluctance to destroy Ephraim ('How shall I give thee up?... my heart is turned within me'), closely echoing Jeremiah’s language of internal pain and mercy.
- Isaiah 54:7-8 (thematic): Speaks of a brief period of anger followed by lasting compassion and gathering ('For a small moment have I forsaken thee... with great mercies will I gather thee'), paralleling Jeremiah’s move from judgment to tender mercy.
- Psalm 103:13 (thematic): Compares God's compassion to a father's pity for his children ('Like as a father pitieth his children'), echoing Jeremiah’s paternal imagery of affection and pity for Ephraim.
- Jeremiah 31:3 (structural): An immediate parallel within the chapter that affirms God’s enduring love for Israel ('I have loved thee with an everlasting love'), providing the broader context for the mercy declared in 31:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- Is Ephraim my dear son? Is he my delightful child? For as often as I speak of him I remember him still; therefore my inward emotions are moved for him; I will surely have mercy on him, declares the LORD.
Jer.31.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הציבי: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,f,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- צינים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- תמרורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- לבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- למסלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הלכת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
- שובי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- בתולת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- אל: NEG
- עריך: NOUN,f,pl,const
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 40:3 (verbal): Both use the imperative to 'prepare/make ready the way' for return or arrival; Isaiah's 'voice crying in the wilderness: Prepare the way of the LORD' parallels Jeremiah's call to set up signposts and consider the highway.
- Isaiah 62:10 (verbal): Commands to 'pass through' and 'make level the highway' echo Jeremiah's imagery of establishing road-signs and considering the highway as preparation for the people's return.
- Isaiah 35:8 (thematic): Speaks of 'a highway' called the Way of Holiness for the redeemed to return to Zion; parallels Jeremiah's highway imagery for Israel's return and restoration.
- Hosea 14:2 (verbal): A direct summons to 'return, O Israel' (or 'return, O Israel, to the LORD') mirrors Jeremiah's 'Return, O virgin of Israel,' emphasizing repentance and restoration language.
- Isaiah 49:11 (thematic): Promises that God will make 'all my mountains a road, and my highways shall be raised up'—similar motif of preparing pathways and highways for the people's restoration in Jeremiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Set up road-signs and put up guides; mark the highway— the way in which you came. Turn back, O virgin of Israel; turn back to these your cities.
Jer.31.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עד: PREP
- מתי: ADV,int
- תתחמקין: VERB,hitp,impf,2,f,sg
- הבת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- השובבה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- ברא: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- חדשה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- נקבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תסובב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- Genesis 3:16 (verbal): Jeremiah's image of a woman encircling a man functions as an intentional reversal/antithesis of the Genesis curse ('your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you'), signaling a restored or transformed social order.
- Isaiah 43:19 (verbal): Both verses use the language of God doing 'a new thing' on the earth; Isaiah's announcement of a new act of God provides a close verbal and thematic parallel to Jeremiah's claim that the Lord has 'created a new thing.'
- Revelation 21:5 (allusion): The New Testament refrain 'Behold, I make all things new' echoes the prophetic motif of divine new-creation found in Jeremiah 31:22, linking Israel's restoration language with the eschatological renewal in Revelation.
- Hosea 2:19-20 (thematic): Hosea portrays Israel as an unfaithful woman whom God will renew, betroth and restore — a parallel marital/relational motif of judgment turned to intimate restoration like Jeremiah's 'faithless daughter' and the new ordering described in v.22.
- Ezekiel 36:26-27 (thematic): Ezekiel's promise of a 'new heart' and a transformed people resonates with Jeremiah's 'new thing' language: both prophets announce divine restorative action that re-creates Israel's inner and social reality.
Alternative generated candidates
- How long will you wander, O backsliding daughter? For the LORD has created a new thing on the earth: a woman shall encompass a man.
Jer.31.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עוד: ADV
- יאמרו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ובעריו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,poss
- בשובי: PREP+VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שבותם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss,3,m,pl
- יברכך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj:2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- נוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 6:24-26 (verbal): Shares the priestly formula 'The LORD bless you' (יברכך יהוה); Jeremiah applies this blessing language to Zion/the restored habitation.
- Zechariah 8:3 (verbal): God speaks of returning to dwell in Zion and explicitly calls Jerusalem 'the holy mountain' (הַר־הַקֹּדֶשׁ), closely paralleling Jeremiah's address to the 'holy mountain'.
- Ezekiel 36:24-28 (thematic): Promises gathering of the exiles, restoration to the land, and God's renewing/indwelling blessing—the same restoration motif behind Jeremiah’s declaration that God will bless the restored cities of Judah.
- Psalm 48:1-2 (verbal): Praises 'the mountain of his holiness' / 'the city of the great King,' echoing Jeremiah’s designation of Zion as a holy mountain and focus of divine blessing.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Again they shall say this in the land of Judah and in its towns, when I restore their fortunes: 'The LORD bless you, O habitation of justice, mountain of holiness!'
Jer.31.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- עריו: NOUN,f,pl,cs+3ms
- יחדו: ADV
- אכרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ונסעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בעדר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Amos 9:14-15 (thematic): Both promise the restored people will return to dwell the land, build/inhabit houses and engage in agriculture—settled farmers and herders enjoying secure possession of the land.
- Isaiah 65:21-23 (verbal): Shares the concrete imagery of settled life—building houses, planting vineyards and eating their fruit—emphasizing peaceful, productive agrarian existence after restoration.
- Ezekiel 34:25-27 (thematic): Speaks of covenantal peace and security for flocks and people so that they may dwell safely in the land—echoing Jeremiah’s image of farmers and those who travel with herds living together.
- Zechariah 8:12 (thematic): Presents the blessing of prosperous sowing and reaping in the restored community; like Jeremiah 31:24 it links restoration with settled agricultural prosperity and security.
Alternative generated candidates
- And they shall again dwell there, Judah and all its towns together, farmers and those who go forth with flocks.
Jer.31.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- הרויתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,com,sg
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עיפה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דאבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,pl
- מלאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 107:9 (verbal): ’For he satisfies the thirsty soul, and the hungry he fills with good things’ — language very close to Jeremiah’s promise to satisfy and fill the faint/aching soul.
- Isaiah 40:29-31 (thematic): God renews strength for the weary: ‘He gives power to the faint... they shall run and not be weary’ — a parallel promise of refreshing and sustaining the exhausted.
- Matthew 11:28-29 (allusion): ’Come to me... and I will give you rest’ — Jesus’ invitation echoes the divine assurance to refresh and relieve the weary soul.
- John 6:35 (verbal): ’I am the bread of life... whoever comes to me shall not hunger’ — speaks to spiritual satisfaction and filling in terms similar to Jeremiah’s imagery of replenishing the weary.
- Ezekiel 36:26-27 (structural): ’I will give you a new heart... put my Spirit within you’ — a complementary restoration motif in which God renews and fills lives, akin to reviving and replenishing the languishing soul.
Alternative generated candidates
- For I will satisfy the weary soul, and every languishing soul I will replenish.
Jer.31.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- הקיצתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,m,sg
- ואראה: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,com,sg
- ושנתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
- ערבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 3:5 (verbal): Both speak of sleeping and then awakening with the thought that the Lord sustains or has looked—’I lay down and slept; I awoke, for the LORD sustained me,’ echoing Jeremiah’s ‘I awoke and saw.’
- Proverbs 3:24 (verbal): Proverbs promises ‘when you lie down you will not be afraid; when you lie down, your sleep will be sweet,’ closely echoing Jeremiah’s ‘my sleep was pleasant/sweet.’
- Psalm 4:8 (thematic): ‘I will both lie down and sleep; for You alone, O LORD, make me dwell in safety’—a theme of peaceful, secure sleep granted by God comparable to Jeremiah’s restful sleep after God’s action.
- Psalm 127:2 (thematic): ‘He gives to His beloved sleep’—the idea that peaceful sleep is a gift from God parallels Jeremiah’s depiction of restful sleep linked to divine care.
Alternative generated candidates
- At this I awoke and looked around; my sleep was pleasant to me.
Jer.31.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וזרעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וזרע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בהמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Zechariah 8:12 (verbal): Uses the same sowing imagery: God will ‘sow’ for the people so that the land yields and people prosper—language of divine planting and blessing similar to Jer.31:27.
- Hosea 2:23 (verbal): God declares ‘I will sow her for myself in the land,’ a close verbal and thematic echo of God planting/restoring Israel to Himself.
- Ezekiel 36:10-12 (thematic): Promises of return, repopulation and increase—God will multiply the people and bring them back into the land, paralleling Jer.31:27’s image of sowing people among Israel and Judah.
- Ezekiel 17:22-24 (structural): Planting/repayment metaphor: God takes a sprig and plants it to grow into a fruitful nation—a structural parallel to Jeremiah’s image of God sowing seed (people/animals) into Israel and Judah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and the seed of beast.
Jer.31.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- שקדתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- לנתוש: VERB,qal,inf
- ולנתוץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf
- ולהרס: VERB,qal,inf,_,_,_
- ולהאביד: CONJ+VERB,hifil,inf
- ולהרע: VERB,hiph,inf,_,_,_
- כן: ADV
- אשקד: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- לבנות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- ולנטוע: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezek.36:34-36 (verbal): God promises to restore the devastated land, make it inhabited again and cause it to yield—echoing Jeremiah’s reversal from uprooting to building and planting.
- Isa.61:4 (thematic): Images of rebuilding ancient ruins and raising up former devastations mirror the move from judgment to restoration in Jeremiah 31:28.
- Hosea 14:4-7 (thematic): God heals and restores Israel so they ‘blossom’ and dwell securely—similar language of renewal after punishment.
- Deut.30:3-5 (thematic): The promise that God will restore the fortunes of Israel, bring them back to the land and prosper them parallels the theme of reversal from destruction to planting.
- Jer.32:41 (verbal): Within Jeremiah God explicitly says He will ‘plant them in this land’—a close verbal parallel and reaffirmation of the same restoration motif.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it shall come to pass that, like I watched to uproot and to tear down and to destroy and to overthrow, so will I watch to build and to plant, declares the LORD.
Jer.31.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ההם: PRON,dem,m,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- יאמרו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- עוד: ADV
- אבות: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אכלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בסר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושני: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תקהינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 31:30 (structural): Immediate parallel/antithesis within the same oracle: verse 30 restates the idea in positive form—each person dies for their own sin, reversing the proverb quoted in v.29.
- Ezekiel 18:2-4 (quotation): Ezekiel explicitly cites the same proverb ('The fathers have eaten sour grapes...') and begins a refutation of the idea that children suffer for fathers' sins, closely echoing Jeremiah's context.
- Ezekiel 18:20 (verbal): Gives the doctrinal counterpoint to the proverb: 'The soul who sins shall die'—affirming individual responsibility for sin, the same theological thrust as Jeremiah 31:29–30.
- Deuteronomy 24:16 (thematic): Legal expression of the principle of individual responsibility: parents shall not be put to death for children nor children for parents, aligning with Jeremiah's rejection of hereditary guilt.
- Exodus 20:5 (thematic): Contrasting background text that speaks of God 'visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children'—provides the theological tension against which Jeremiah (and Ezekiel) reject the popular proverb.
Alternative generated candidates
- In those days they shall no more say: 'The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge.'
Jer.31.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אם: CONJ
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעונו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ימות: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- האכל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הבסר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תקהינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- שניו: NOUN,f,pl,poss3,m,pl
Parallels
- Ezek.18:20 (verbal): States the same principle of individual moral responsibility: 'The soul that sinneth, it shall die,' echoing Jeremiah's 'each shall die for his own sin.'
- Ezek.18:2 (allusion): Quotes the proverb about 'the fathers have eaten sour grapes... the children's teeth are set on edge' that Jeremiah 31:30 directly overturns; Ezekiel invokes and then rejects this saying.
- Deut.24:16 (thematic): Legal injunction against collective punishment—'parents shall not be put to death for their children, nor children for their parents'—reflects the same emphasis on individual liability for sin.
- Jer.31:29 (structural): Immediate literary foil: verse 29 states the sour-grape proverb, while 31:30 explicitly rejects it, forming a paired contrast within the chapter.
Alternative generated candidates
- But every one shall die for his own iniquity; every man who eats the sour grapes, his teeth shall be set on edge.
Jer.31.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וכרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חדשה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 31:33 (structural): Immediate continuation of 31:31 explaining the content of the new covenant: God will write his law on their hearts and be their God.
- Hebrews 8:8-12 (quotation): Directly cites Jeremiah 31:31-34 to argue that Christ mediates a new covenant that replaces the old, with internalized law and forgiveness of sins.
- Luke 22:20 (allusion): Jesus identifies the cup as 'the new covenant in my blood,' invoking the language and hope of Jeremiah's promised covenant.
- Ezekiel 36:26-27 (thematic): Prophecy of God giving a new heart and putting his Spirit within people, paralleling Jeremiah's emphasis on inward transformation under the new covenant.
- Exodus 24:8 (thematic): The Sinai covenant ratified by blood—provides the background covenantal framework that Jeremiah 31:31-32 contrasts with the coming 'new' covenant.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah.
Jer.31.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לא: PART_NEG
- כברית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- כרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אבותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- ביום: PREP
- החזיקי: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
- בידם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- להוציאם: VERB,hif,inf+3mp
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- הפרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בריתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss1,sg
- ואנכי: PRON,1,sg
- בעלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Hebrews 8:8 (quotation): Directly cites Jeremiah 31:32 (part of Hebrews 8's quotation of Jer. 31:31–34) to contrast the new covenant with the covenant their fathers broke.
- Exodus 24:7–8 (verbal): Describes the covenant Moses made with Israel at Sinai and its ratification (blood of the covenant); Jeremiah contrasts that Mosaic covenant—whose terms Israel violated—with the promised new covenant.
- Deuteronomy 31:16–21 (thematic): Moses predicts Israel’s future unfaithfulness and breaking of the covenant and God’s response, a theme echoed in Jeremiah’s assertion that the people broke the covenant.
- Hosea 2:19–20 (thematic): Uses the marriage/betrothal motif (God as husband/betrothing Israel), paralleling Jeremiah’s language ‘I was a husband to them’ and the metaphor of covenantal faithfulness/unfaithfulness.
Alternative generated candidates
- It shall not be like the covenant that I made with their fathers when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt—my covenant which they broke, though I was their husband, declares the LORD.
Jer.31.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אכרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ההם: PRON,dem,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- תורתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- בקרבם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,pl
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- לבם: NOUN,m,sg,poss
- אכתבנה: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- והייתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לאלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והמה: PRON,3,m,pl
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לעם: PREP
Parallels
- Hebrews 8:10 (quotation): Direct New Testament citation of Jer 31:33–34; repeats promise of God's law written on the heart and intimate covenantal relationship ('I will be their God, and they shall be my people').
- Hebrews 10:16 (quotation): Another NT quotation echoing Jer 31:33–34 ('this is the covenant that I will make with them... I will put my laws into their hearts').
- Ezekiel 36:26–27 (thematic): Promises a new inner transformation—'a new heart…a new spirit' and God's putting his spirit within—parallel theme of internalizing God's rule and enabling covenant faithfulness.
- Deuteronomy 30:6 (thematic): Speaks of God circumcising the heart to love him wholeheartedly—a concept of internalizing obedience comparable to having God's law written on the heart.
- Jeremiah 31:31 (structural): Immediate literary context introduces the 'new covenant' that Jer 31:33 defines; shows the promise's placement within Jeremiah's announcement of a coming covenant different from the Mosaic covenant.
Alternative generated candidates
- For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the LORD: I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they shall be my people.
Jer.31.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- ילמדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עוד: ADV
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- רעהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- אחיו: NOUN,3,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- דעו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- כולם: PRON,indef,m,pl
- ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- אותי: PRON,1,sg,acc
- למקטנם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,constr+3mp
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- גדולם: ADJ,m,sg,abs,3,mp
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אסלח: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- לעונם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
- ולחטאתם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3mp
- לא: PART_NEG
- אזכר: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- עוד: ADV
Parallels
- Hebrews 8:10-12 (quotation): Direct New Testament quotation of Jeremiah 31:33-34 (new covenant). Repeats key phrases: ‘they shall all know me’ and ‘I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.’
- Ezekiel 36:26-27 (thematic): Promise of a new heart and indwelling Spirit enabling obedience and knowledge of God—parallels Jeremiah’s theme that God will effect internal change so people ‘know’ the LORD.
- Ezekiel 11:19-20 (thematic): God’s gift of a new heart and spirit so that people will follow his statutes and ‘know’ the LORD, closely echoing the knowledge/renewal language of Jer 31:34.
- Isaiah 54:13 (verbal): ‘All your children shall be taught by the LORD’ corresponds to Jeremiah’s statement that people will no longer teach one another because ‘all shall know me’—both stress universal, direct knowledge of God.
- Isaiah 43:25 (verbal): God’s declaration ‘I…blot out your transgressions…and I will not remember your sins’ parallels Jeremiah’s promise ‘I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.’
Alternative generated candidates
- And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, 'Know the LORD,' for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.
Jer.31.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שמש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לאור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יומם: ADV
- חקת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ירח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכוכבים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לאור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רגע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- ויהמו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- גליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,ms
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 1:14-16 (verbal): Both texts describe God appointing the sun, moon, and stars as lights in the heavens; Jeremiah echoes the creation-language about celestial lights.
- Psalm 104:19-25 (thematic): Psalm links God's ordering of sun and moon with his rule over the sea and its creatures, closely paralleling Jeremiah's coupling of cosmic order and the stirring of the sea.
- Psalm 19:1 (thematic): Declares that the heavens (sun, moon, stars) proclaim God's glory—parallels Jeremiah's use of celestial bodies to testify to the LORD's sovereignty.
- Job 38:8-11 (verbal): God's words about restraining the sea and setting its limits resonate with Jeremiah's image of God stirring the sea and controlling its waves, underscoring divine authority over the waters.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD, who gives the sun for light by day and the fixed order of the moon and the stars for light by night, who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar— the LORD of hosts is his name:
Jer.31.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אם: CONJ
- ימשו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- החקים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- מלפני: PREP
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- גם: ADV
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישבתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מהיות: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- כל: DET
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Psalm 89:34-37 (verbal): Declares God will not break or alter his covenant and uses celestial imagery (sun and moon/heavens) as enduring witnesses—parallels Jeremiah’s oath tying Israel’s continued nationhood to the permanence of divine ordinances and the heavens.
- Genesis 17:7 (quotation): God’s promise of an everlasting covenant with Abraham and his offspring—correlates with Jeremiah’s assertion that Israel will remain a people forever unless God’s ordinances were removed (i.e., the covenant overturned).
- Ezekiel 37:25-28 (thematic): Promises that Israel will be a people in the land, with Davidic leadership and God’s perpetual dwelling among them—a related prophetic motif of enduring national identity and divine commitment to Israel.
- Isaiah 54:10 (thematic): Affirms that though creation may change, God’s covenantal love and peace will not be removed—echoes Jeremiah’s appeal to the unchanging character of God’s decrees as the basis for Israel’s permanence.
- Amos 9:14-15 (thematic): God’s restoration promise that Israel will be re-planted and no more uprooted resonates with Jeremiah’s claim that Israel shall remain a nation perpetually, contingent on the continued validity of God’s ordinances.
Alternative generated candidates
- If these ordinances depart from before me, declares the LORD, then the offspring of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me forever.
Jer.31.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- ימדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מלמעלה: ADV
- ויחקרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מוסדי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- למטה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גם: ADV
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- אמאס: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 33:25-26 (structural): Uses a similar conditional/covenantal formula involving the heavens and earth to underscore God’s faithfulness—parallels the ‘if the heavens be measured… then I will reject’ construction.
- Job 38:4-6 (verbal): God’s rhetorical questions about who laid the earth’s foundations and marked off its dimensions echo the image of ‘searching the foundations of the earth’ in Jer 31:37.
- Isaiah 40:12 (thematic): Speaks of measuring and weighing the cosmos (‘Who has measured the waters... weighed the mountains’) using the motif of God’s sovereignty over creation analogous to the measuring language in Jeremiah.
- Amos 9:6 (thematic): Describes God as founding his chambers in the heavens and establishing his vault upon the earth, resonating with the imagery of the earth’s foundations and God’s relation to heaven and earth.
- Deuteronomy 4:26 (structural): Invokes heaven and earth as witnesses in covenantal pledges and curses—comparable structural use of ‘heavens above and earth beneath’ as the context for divine judgment in Jer 31:37.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD: If the heavens above can be measured and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, then I will reject all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done, declares the LORD.
Jer.31.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ונבנתה: VERB,nip,perf,3,f,sg
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ממגדל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חננאל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,cons
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Zechariah 14:10 (verbal): Uses the same landmarks and language about Jerusalem's restored extent—'from the tower of Hananel unto the corner gate'—closely echoing Jeremiah's boundary formula.
- Nehemiah 2:13 (verbal): Mentions the Tower (Hananel) in a topographical survey of Jerusalem's walls, paralleling Jeremiah's reference to that specific landmark.
- Ezekiel 48:30-35 (structural): Describes the layout, gates, and the eschatological holy city whose name is 'The LORD is there,' resonating with Jeremiah's theme of the city 'built to the LORD' and renewed boundaries.
- Jeremiah 33:7 (thematic): A nearby promise of restoration—'I will cause the captivity of Judah and Israel to return, and will build them, as at the first'—sharing Jeremiah's theme of rebuilding and divine restoration of Jerusalem.
- Isaiah 62:4-7 (thematic): Promises Jerusalem a new, honored status and calls for watchmen to proclaim her restoration; thematically linked to Jeremiah's assurance of the city's rebuilding and renewed relationship to the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when the city shall be rebuilt for the LORD from the tower of Hananel to the corner gate.
Jer.31.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- קו: INTJ
- המדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- נגדו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- גבעת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- גרב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ונסב: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,pl
- געתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Zechariah 2:1-2 (verbal): A man with a measuring line appears to measure Jerusalem—direct verbal/imagery parallel to the ‘‘measuring line’’ sent out over the hill.
- Ezekiel 48:30-35 (structural): Detailed measurements and boundary descriptions for the restored city and its gates—thematic and structural parallel to Jeremiah’s measuring of the renewed Jerusalem.
- Revelation 11:1-2 (verbal): John is given a reed/rod to measure the temple and worshipers—uses the same measuring-rod motif applied to sacred space and restoration.
- Revelation 21:15-17 (structural): An angel measures the New Jerusalem with a golden reed, giving precise dimensions—a later apocalyptic echo of prophetic measuring of the city.
- Amos 7:7 (thematic): The vision of a plumb line (or plummet) set among Israel conveys God’s measuring and judgment—thematic kinship with prophetic measurement imagery.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the measuring line shall again go out over the hill of Gareb and shall return to the hill of Goah.
Jer.31.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- העמק: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הפגרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והדשן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- השדמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- עד: PREP
- נחל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- פנת: NOUN,f,pl,construct
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הסוסים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מזרחה: ADV,dir
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- ינתש: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- יהרס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jer.31:38-39 (structural): Immediate context: these verses describe the rebuilt and permanently established Jerusalem with specific boundaries and landmarks—directly continues the same promise that the city and its surrounding areas will no longer be destroyed.
- Ezek.48:30-35 (verbal): Ezekiel's description of the restored city includes named gates, corners, and precise boundaries for a holy Jerusalem—paralleling Jeremiah's use of gates, corners, and territorial delimitation for a consecrated, permanent city.
- Ezek.43:7-9 (allusion): God declares the sanctuary and its surrounding ground as holy and reproves past profanation—echoing Jeremiah's theme that land/valleys near Jerusalem will be sanctified to the LORD and never again desolated.
- Zech.14:10-11 (thematic): Zechariah portrays Jerusalem repopulated and secure after judgment, with unique permanence and holiness—resonant with Jeremiah's vision of an enduring, holy city and environs (Kidron, gates) not to be uprooted.
- Isa.65:17-19 (thematic): Isaiah's promise of a new creation and a transformed, joy-filled Jerusalem that will endure anticipates the motif of perpetual restoration and holiness found in Jeremiah's covenantal promise for the city's land and valleys.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the whole valley of the dead bodies and the ashes and all the fields to the brook Kidron, to the corner of the Horse Gate toward the east, shall be holy to the LORD. It shall not be uprooted or overthrown anymore forever.
The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying: Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: Write in a book all the words that I have spoken to you.
For behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will restore the fortunes of my people Israel and Judah; I will bring them back to the land that I gave their fathers, and they shall possess it.
These are the words that the LORD spoke concerning Israel and concerning Judah.
For thus says the LORD: We have heard a sound of panic—terror; there is no peace.
Ask now and see: a man in travail? Why did I see every man with his hands on his loins like a woman in childbirth, and every face turned pale?
Alas! For that day is great—it is none like it; it is a time of distress for Jacob, yet out of it he shall be saved. And on that day, declares the LORD of hosts, I will break the yoke from off his neck and burst his bonds; foreigners shall no longer enslave him.
They shall serve the LORD their God and David their king, whom I will raise up for them. And you, do not fear, my servant Jacob, declares the LORD, and be not dismayed, O Israel: for behold I will save you from afar and your offspring from the land of their captivity. Jacob shall return and be at ease and secure, and none shall make him afraid.
For I am with you, declares the LORD, to save you; though I make an end of all the nations among which I scatter you, yet I will not make an end of you. I will discipline you with justice; I will by no means leave you unpunished.
For thus says the LORD: Your hurt is incurable, your wound is grievous.
There is no one to plead your cause to bind up your wound; you have no healing.
All your lovers have forgotten you; they do not seek you. For I have struck you down with the wound of an enemy; the punishment of many is upon you because your guilt increased.
Why do you cry out over your hurt? Your pain is incurable; because the multitude of your iniquity, your sins have done these things to you.
Therefore all who eat you shall be eaten, and every adversary of yours shall go into captivity; those who plunder you shall be plundered, and all who prey on you I will give for a prey.
For I will restore health to you, and I will heal you of your wounds, declares the LORD; for they have called you an outcast, saying: ‘Zion—she has no one to seek her.’ Thus says the LORD: Behold, I will restore the fortunes of Jacob’s tents and will have mercy on his dwellings; the city shall be rebuilt on its mound, and the palace shall stand where it once was.
Out of them shall go thanksgiving and the sound of those who make merry; I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will honor them, and they shall not be small.
Their children shall be as before, and their congregation shall be established before me; I will punish all who oppress them.
Their leader shall be one of their own; their ruler shall proceed from their midst; I will bring him near, and he shall come to me. Who then is this who has pledged his heart to come near to me? declares the LORD.
You shall be my people, and I will be your God.
Behold, the whirlwind of the LORD—his fierce anger—goes forth like a sweeping storm; it will whirl down on the head of the wicked.
The fierce anger of the LORD will not turn back until he has done it and until he has carried out the purposes of his heart; in the latter days you will understand this.
At that time, declares the LORD, I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they shall be my people. Thus says the LORD: The remnant of the sword found favor in the wilderness; Israel went to seek rest.
The LORD appeared to me from afar: I have loved you with an everlasting love; therefore I have continued my steadfast love to you.
Again I will build you, and you shall be built, O virgin Israel; again you shall take up your tambourines and go out in the dances of those who make merry.
Again you shall plant vineyards on the mountains of Samaria; the planters shall plant and shall enjoy the fruit.
For there shall be a day when watchmen call in the hill country of Ephraim: ‘Arise, and let us go up to Zion to the LORD our God.’
For thus says the LORD: Sing aloud with gladness for Jacob, and shout among the chiefs of the nations; proclaim, give praise, and say: ‘Save, O LORD, your people, the remnant of Israel.’
Behold, I will bring them from the north country and gather them from the farthest parts of the earth—among them the blind and the lame, the pregnant and she who is in labor; a great company shall return here.
They shall come with weeping; they shall pray to me; I will lead them beside streams of water, in a straight way in which they shall not stumble; for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.
Hear the word of the LORD, O nations, and declare it in the coastlands far away; say, ‘He who scattered Israel will gather him, and will keep him as a shepherd keeps his flock.’
For the LORD has redeemed Jacob and ransomed him from hands too strong for him.
They shall come and sing aloud on the height of Zion; they shall be radiant over the goodness of the LORD—over grain, wine, oil, and the young of the flock and herd; their life shall be like a watered garden, and they shall never languish again.
Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, the young and the old together; I will turn their mourning into joy; I will comfort them, and give them gladness for sorrow.
I will satisfy the priests with abundance, and my people shall be satisfied with my goodness, declares the LORD. Thus says the LORD: A voice is heard in Ramah—lamentation and bitter weeping. Rachel is weeping for her children; she refuses to be comforted for her children, because they are no more. Thus says the LORD: Restrain your voice from weeping, and your eyes from tears; for there is a reward for your work, declares the LORD; they shall come back from the land of the enemy.
There is hope for your future, declares the LORD, and your children shall come back to their own country.
I have heard Ephraim bewailing himself thus: ‘You disciplined me, and I was disciplined, like an untrained calf; bring me back, and I will return, for you are the LORD my God.’
Surely after I turned, I repented; and after I was taught, I struck upon my thigh; I was ashamed—yes, even confounded, because I bore the reproach of my youth.
Is Ephraim my dear son? Is he a pleasant child? For though I spoke against him, I remember him still; therefore my inward parts yearn for him; I will surely have mercy on him, declares the LORD.
Set up road signs; put up landmarks; make for yourself a level road; return, O virgin Israel, return to your cities.
How long will you keep turning away, O faithless daughter? For the LORD has created a new thing in the land: a woman shall surround a man. Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: In the land of Judah and in its towns, when I restore their fortunes, they will say, ‘The LORD bless you, O habitation of righteousness, O holy hill!’ And Judah shall dwell there and all its towns together—farmers and those who drive flocks.
For I will satisfy the weary soul, and every languishing soul I will replenish.
At this I awoke and looked; my sleep was sweet to me.
Behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and the seed of beast. And it shall be, as I watched over them to root up and to pull down and to destroy and to bring disaster, so I will watch over them to build and to plant, declares the LORD.
In those days they shall no longer say, ‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge.’ But every one shall die for his own iniquity; whoever eats sour grapes—their own teeth shall be set on edge.
Behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah.
Not like the covenant that I made with their fathers when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt—my covenant which they broke, though I was their husband, declares the LORD.
For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the LORD: I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD,’ for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest, declares the LORD; for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more. Thus says the LORD: If the fixed order of the sun by day, the moon and the stars by night, and the laws of the sea were to depart from before me,
then also would the offspring of Israel cease from being a nation before me forever. But these ordinances shall not depart. Thus says the LORD: If the heavens above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out below, then I will reject all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done, declares the LORD.
Behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when the city shall be rebuilt for the LORD from the Tower of Hananel to the Corner Gate. And the measuring line shall go out farther, over the hill Gareb, and shall then go to Goah. And the whole valley of the dead bodies and the ashes and all the fields as far as the brook Kidron, to the corner of the Horse Gate eastward, shall be holy to the LORD; it shall not be uprooted or overthrown any more forever.