Israel’s Rebellions Recounted
Deuteronomy 9:7-29
Deu.9.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- תשכח: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הקצפת: VERB,hiphil,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למן: PREP
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יצאת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עד: PREP
- באכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,pl
- עד: PREP
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- ממרים: ADJ,m,pl
- הייתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- עם: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 32:7-10 (quotation): Same episode: Yahweh speaks about Israel's provocation in the wilderness (golden calf), accusing them of corrupting themselves soon after leaving Egypt—direct narrative parallel to Deut.9:7.
- Numbers 14:11-12 (verbal): God's reaction language echoes Deut.9:7—Israel 'have sinned a great sin' and have 'provoked' the LORD in the wilderness; both passages describe divine anger and threat of judgment.
- Deuteronomy 9:22 (structural): Within the same chapter/book: later verse recounts the making of the golden calf and Israel's provocation, functioning as an internal repetition/elaboration of the charge in 9:7.
- Psalm 95:8-11 (allusion): Psalm warns not to harden hearts 'as in the day of testing in the wilderness,' explicitly recalling Israel's provocation and God's displeasure— thematic echo of Deut.9:7.
- Hebrews 3:7-11 (quotation): New Testament passage that cites Psalm 95 and applies the wilderness 'provocation' to Israel, echoing the warning and divine anger described in Deut.9:7.
Alternative generated candidates
- Remember—do not forget—how you provoked the LORD your God in the wilderness from the day you came out of the land of Egypt until you arrived at this place; you have been rebellious against the LORD.
- Remember — do not forget — how you provoked the LORD your God in the wilderness from the day you came out of the land of Egypt until you came to this place; you have been rebellious against the LORD.
Deu.9.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובחרב: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הקצפתם: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויתאנף: VERB,hitp,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- להשמיד: VERB,hiph,inf
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 32:10 (quotation): Same episode (the golden calf): God declares his wrath and threatens to consume/destroy Israel because they provoked him—Deut 9:8 recalls this divine threat.
- Numbers 14:11-12 (verbal): God’s rebuke and threat to disinherit and destroy the people for their rebellion echo the language and intent of Deut 9:8 (divine anger and threatened destruction).
- Psalm 106:19-23 (allusion): The psalm retells the golden calf incident, noting that the people provoked God to anger and describing Moses’ intercession to avert destruction—thematising the same outrage and divine response as Deut 9:8.
- Deuteronomy 9:7 (structural): Immediate context: an earlier charge in the same chapter that the Israelites provoked the LORD at Horeb—Deut 9:8 reiterates this theme of provocation and divine wrath.
Alternative generated candidates
- By the rod you provoked the LORD, and the LORD became enraged with you to destroy you.
- By the sword you provoked the LORD, and the LORD was angry with you to destroy you.
Deu.9.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בעלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- ההרה: ADJ,f,sg
- לקחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- לוחת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- האבנים: NOUN,f,pl,def
- לוחת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- כרת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עמכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
- ואשב: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- אכלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- ומים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- שתיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 34:28 (verbal): Nearly identical description: Moses on the mountain forty days and forty nights, neither ate nor drank, while receiving the words/commandments (tablets) of the covenant.
- Exodus 24:18 (structural): Reports Moses' forty days and forty nights on the mountain (cloud/manifest presence) — the same mountain-as-revelation setting though this verse does not mention fasting.
- Deuteronomy 9:18 (verbal): A later retelling within Deuteronomy that repeats the forty-day fast and Moses' intercession after Israel's sin — same event recalled with the same fasting language.
- Matthew 4:2 (thematic): Jesus fasts forty days and forty nights in the wilderness — a New Testament thematic echo of the forty-day fast associated with divine testing, revelation, and preparation.
- 1 Kings 19:8 (thematic): Elijah travels/fasts (is sustained) for forty days and nights to Horeb (the mountain of God) — parallels the motif of a forty-day period leading to encounter on the mountain, though Elijah is nourished during the journey.
Alternative generated candidates
- I went up the mountain to receive the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant that the LORD had made with you; and I remained on the mountain forty days and forty nights—I ate no bread and drank no water.
- I went up the mountain to receive the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant that the LORD had made with you, and I remained on the mountain forty days and forty nights; I ate no bread and drank no water.
Deu.9.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- לוחת: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- האבנים: NOUN,f,pl,def
- כתבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באצבע: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועליהם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,pl
- ככל: PREP
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עמכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- מתוך: PREP
- האש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ביום: PREP
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exod.31.18 (verbal): Same wording: God gives Moses two tablets of stone written by the finger of God; direct verbal parallel to Deut 9:10.
- Exod.32.15-16 (quotation): Moses descends with the two tablets written on both sides — repeats the detail that the tablets were God's writing and connects to the narrative context of Deut 9:10.
- Exod.34.1 (allusion): God commands Moses to carve two new tablets after the first were broken; echoes the motif of two stone tablets containing God's words.
- Deut.4.13 (verbal): Earlier Deuteronomic summary stating that God declared his covenant and wrote it on two tablets of stone — closely parallels the claim in Deut 9:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD gave me the two tablets of stone—inscribed by the finger of God—and on them were all the words that the LORD had spoken with you on the mountain, out of the fire, on the day of the assembly.
- And the LORD gave me the two tablets of stone, written with the finger of God; on them were every word that the LORD had spoken to you on the mountain, out of the midst of the fire, on the day of assembly.
Deu.9.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מקץ: PREP
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- לחת: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- האבנים: NOUN,f,pl,def
- לחות: NOUN,m,pl,constr
- הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Exod.24.18 (thematic): Moses remains on the mountain 'forty days and forty nights' before God acts — parallels Deut.9:11's forty-day timeframe for receiving the tablets.
- Exod.31.18 (verbal): Explicitly states that the LORD gave Moses 'two tablets of stone, written with the finger of God,' matching Deut.9:11's language about two tablets and their divine authorship.
- Exod.34.28 (verbal): Records Moses spending 'forty days and forty nights' and writing the words of the covenant on the tablets — closely parallel wording and actions to Deut.9:11.
- Deut.10.2 (allusion): Refers to God giving 'two tablets of stone like the first,' alluding to the original tablets mentioned in Deut.9:11 and the replacement tablets motif.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came about at the end of forty days and forty nights that the LORD gave me the two tablets, the tablets of the covenant.
- And it came to pass at the end of forty days and forty nights that the LORD gave me the two tablets of the covenant.
Deu.9.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- קום: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- רד: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- מהר: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- מזה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שחת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הוצאת: VERB,hiphil,perf,2,m,sg
- ממצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- סרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מהר: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- הדרך: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צויתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- מסכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 32:7-8 (quotation): Almost verbatim parallel: God tells Moses to 'get down' because the people he brought out of Egypt have corrupted themselves and turned quickly aside, having made a molten image (the golden calf).
- Exodus 32:1-6 (verbal): The fuller narrative of the golden‑calf incident—people gather, make a calf, sacrifice and revel—provides the immediate episode Deuteronomy summarizes; key verbal motifs (calf, molten image, apostasy) are shared.
- Psalm 106:19-23 (thematic): A liturgical retelling of the golden‑calf episode that emphasizes Israel's idolatry and Moses' intercession; echoes Deut.9's themes of corruption, calf‑worship, and divine wrath/mercy.
- Acts 7:39-43 (allusion): Stephen's speech recalls Israel's rejection and idolatry in the wilderness (making the calf) as an example of apostasy; he alludes to the same episode and its theological meaning found in Deut.9:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD said to me, “Arise, go down quickly from here; for your people, whom you brought out of Egypt, have corrupted themselves; they have turned aside quickly from the way that I commanded them— they have made for themselves a molten image.”
- Then the LORD said to me, “Arise, go down quickly from here; for your people whom you brought out of Egypt have corrupted themselves; they have turned aside quickly out of the way that I commanded them — they have made for themselves a molten image.”
Deu.9.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- ראיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- והנה: ADV
- עם: PREP
- קשה: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ערף: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 32:9 (verbal): God to Moses: “I have seen this people, and, behold, they are a stiff‑necked people,” the exact verbal expression used about Israel’s stubbornness (golden calf episode).
- Deuteronomy 9:6 (verbal): Earlier in the same speech Moses warns the Israelites that they are a “stiff‑necked people,” reiterating the same characterization and motive for God’s warnings.
- Exodus 34:9 (verbal): Moses appeals to God, calling Israel “a stiff‑necked people,” echoing the same assessment of the nation immediately after the golden‑calf crisis (petition for pardon).
- Acts 7:51 (allusion): Stephen charges his Jewish audience as “stiff‑necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears,” explicitly borrowing the prophetic/Deuteronomic motif of Israel’s stubbornness in New Testament critique.
- Psalm 78:8 (thematic): The psalm warns future generations not to be like their fathers—“a stubborn and rebellious generation”—thematising the same persistent disobedience and obstinacy attributed to Israel in Deut 9:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD said to me, “I have seen this people, and behold, it is a stiff-necked people.
- And the LORD said to me, “I have seen this people, and behold, it is a stiff-necked people.
Deu.9.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הרף: VERB,hif,imp,2,m,sg
- ממני: PREP,suff,1,m,sg
- ואשמידם: VERB,hif,impf,1,_,sg
- ואמחה: VERB,hif,impf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שמם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
- מתחת: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
- לגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עצום: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ורב: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 32:10 (verbal): God's threat to 'consume' the people and make of Moses a great nation closely parallels the language and intent in Deut 9:14.
- Numbers 14:12 (verbal): Almost identical wording: God says he will strike and disinherit the people and 'make of thee a greater nation and mightier than they,' echoing the same threat recounted in Deut 9:14.
- Deuteronomy 9:13 (structural): The immediately preceding verse recounts the same divine threat and provides the immediate contextual buildup to 9:14 within Moses' retelling.
- Psalm 106:23 (thematic): The psalm recounts God's intent to destroy Israel for their sin and Moses' intercession that turns aside divine wrath, thematically paralleling the threat and subsequent pleading implied in the Deut 9 narrative.
Alternative generated candidates
- Let me alone, that I may consume them and blot out their name from under heaven; and I will make of you a nation mightier and greater than they.”
- Let me alone that I may destroy them and blot out their name from under heaven; and I will make of you a nation mightier and greater than they.”
Deu.9.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואפן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- וארד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וההר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- בער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושני: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- לחת: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
Parallels
- Exodus 32:15 (verbal): Same scene and near-verbatim wording: ‘Moses turned and went down from the mountain, and the two tablets of the testimony were in his hand’—the descent with the two stone tablets.
- Exodus 32:19 (thematic): Narrates Moses’ reaction on descending (seeing the golden calf) and breaking the tablets—directly connected to the context of Deut 9:15’s descent with the tablets.
- Exodus 34:1 (allusion): God commands Moses to hew two new tablets like the first—ties to the theme of the two tablets of the covenant mentioned in Deut 9:15.
- Exodus 34:29–30 (thematic): Describes Moses’ descent from Sinai after receiving the tablets (and the radiance of his face)—parallels the motif of coming down from the mountain with covenant tablets.
- Deuteronomy 10:1–5 (allusion): Retells the replacement of the tablets (‘he wrote on them the words… and put them in the ark’)—a direct sequel to the event of the tablets in Deut 9:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- So I turned and came down from the mountain, and the mountain burned with fire; and the two tablets of the covenant were in my two hands.
- So I turned and came down from the mountain, and the mountain was burning with fire; and the two tablets of the covenant were in my two hands.
Deu.9.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וארא: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- והנה: ADV
- חטאתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- עשיתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- עגל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מסכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סרתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- מהר: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- הדרך: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Exod.32:4 (verbal): Describes the making of the golden calf/‘molten image’—language and action closely parallel Deut 9:16’s report that they made a calf (עגל מסכה).
- Exod.32:8 (verbal): God’s indictment that the people ‘have turned aside quickly out of the way’ echoes Deut 9:16’s phrase about turning aside swiftly from the way the LORD commanded. Both passages narrate the same rapid apostasy.
- Ps.106:19-22 (quotation): The psalm recounts the golden calf episode with similar wording (“made a calf… bowed down to a molten image”) and interprets it as Israel’s sin and provocation of God, directly echoing Deut 9’s theme.
- Acts 7:41 (allusion): Stephen, recounting Israel’s history, refers to the people making a calf and offering sacrifices — an explicit retelling/allusion to the Exodus/Deuteronomy account of idolatry.
- 1 Cor.10:7 (thematic): Paul warns against idolatry by citing the example of the people who ‘sat down to eat and drink and rose up to play’ (the golden calf episode), using the Exodus/Deuteronomy incident as a moral and theological parallel to warn Christians.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I saw that you had sinned against the LORD your God—you had made for yourselves a molten calf—and you had turned aside quickly from the way that the LORD had commanded you.
- And I saw—and behold—you had sinned against the LORD your God: you had made yourselves a molten calf; you had turned aside quickly from the way that the LORD had commanded you.
Deu.9.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתפש: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- בשני: PREP+NUM,m,du,abs
- הלחת: NOUN,m,du,def
- ואשלכם: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg,3,m,pl.obj
- מעל: PREP
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- ואשברם: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg,3,m,pl.obj
- לעיניכם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,2mp
Parallels
- Exod.32.19 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel: Exodus records the same action — Moses sees the golden calf, takes the two tablets, and breaks them (same event and language).
- Exod.34.1 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: after the tablets are broken, God tells Moses to cut two new tablets, linking the breaking in 32:19 to the command to replace them.
- Deut.10.1-5 (verbal): Deuteronomy’s own sequel: this passage recounts the making of the second pair of tablets at God’s command and their placement in the ark, completing the storyline begun in 9:17.
- 2 Cor.3.7-9 (thematic): Theological reflection on the tablets: Paul contrasts the ‘ministry of death’ engraved on tablets of stone (the old covenant) with the ministry of the Spirit, alluding to the law written on stone like the tablets Moses broke.
- Heb.9.4 (allusion): Cultic/allusive connection: Hebrews lists the ark’s contents including the ‘tablets of the covenant’, presupposing the tradition about the tablets (their origin, breaking, and replacement) behind Deut 9:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then I took hold of the two tablets and threw them from my two hands and shattered them before your eyes.
- Then I took hold of the two tablets and threw them from my two hands and broke them before your eyes.
Deu.9.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתנפל: VERB,hitp,perf,1,?,sg
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כראשנה: ADV
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- אכלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- ומים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- שתיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- חטאתכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטאתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- להכעיסו: PREP+VERB,hiphil,inf+OBJ,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 34:28 (quotation): Direct parallel wording: Moses remained on Sinai forty days and forty nights, eating no bread or drinking no water — same fasting motif and setting as cited in Deut 9:18.
- Deuteronomy 9:9 (verbal): Immediate internal parallel in the same chapter recounting Moses' forty-day fast on the mountain; closely repeats the same language and circumstance.
- Deuteronomy 10:10 (structural): Another Deuteronomic retelling of Moses' forty days and nights on the mountain without food or drink — a repeated structural report of the same event.
- Exodus 32:11-14 (thematic): Moses' intercession for Israel after the golden calf; thematically parallels Deut 9:18's portrayal of Moses pleading for the people's sin and averting divine wrath.
- Daniel 9:3-19 (thematic): Daniel's public confession and entreaty on behalf of Israel (with fasting and petition) echoes the theme of sympathetic, confessional intercession for communal sin found in Deut 9:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I fell down before the LORD, as at first—forty days and forty nights; I ate no bread and drank no water—because of all the sin that you had committed in doing evil in the sight of the LORD to provoke him.
- I lay prostrate before the LORD forty days and forty nights, as I had done before; I ate no bread and drank no water, because of all your sin that you committed in doing evil in the sight of the LORD to provoke Him.
Deu.9.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- יגרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- מפני: PREP
- האף: PART
- והחמה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- קצף: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עליכם: PREP+PRON,2mp
- להשמיד: VERB,hiph,inf
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- גם: ADV
- בפעם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 32:11-14 (structural): Moses intercedes after the golden calf and God relents from destroying Israel—same incident and outcome that Deut. 9:19 summarizes.
- Numbers 14:13-20 (structural): Another account of Moses' plea on behalf of Israel after their rebellion; God listens and pardons, echoing the fear and petition in Deut. 9:19.
- Deuteronomy 9:18-20 (verbal): Immediate context: Moses describes falling before the LORD and praying for Israel (and Aaron), with Deut. 9:19 reporting that God heeded him—direct verbal and contextual continuity.
- Jonah 3:10 (thematic): After Nineveh's repentance, God 'relented' or 'repented' of intended judgment—a thematic parallel of divine withholding of destruction in response to intercession/repentance.
- Psalm 106:23 (allusion): The psalm recounts Israel's sin and Moses' intercession leading God to relent; it echoes the motif of God hearing Moses and withholding destruction found in Deut. 9:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- For I feared the wrath and the fierce anger with which the LORD was angry to destroy you; and the LORD listened to me that time also.
- For I feared the fierce wrath and the burning anger with which the LORD was provoked to destroy you; and the LORD listened to me that time also.
Deu.9.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובאהרן: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התאנף: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מאד: ADV
- להשמידו: VERB,hifil,inf,3,m,sg
- ואתפלל: CONJ+VERB,hithpael,impf,1,_,sg
- גם: ADV
- בעד: PREP
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 32:10-14 (quotation): God declares intent to consume the people for the golden calf; Moses pleads and God relents — parallels Deut.9:20’s report of Moses’ intercession to avert destruction.
- Exodus 32:21-24 (verbal): Aaron’s admission of responsibility for fashioning the calf and his explanation appear here; connects directly to Deut.’s statement that God was very angry with Aaron over the incident.
- Exodus 32:30-32 (thematic): Moses offers to make atonement or be blotted out for the people’s sin and twice intercedes before the LORD — thematically parallels Moses’ prayer on Aaron’s behalf in Deut.9:20.
- Numbers 16:46-50 (thematic): During Korah’s rebellion Aaron performs a priestly act of atonement with incense that turns away God’s wrath — parallels the motif of priestly/intercessory action averting divine punishment.
- Psalm 106:21-23 (allusion): A poetic retelling of the golden-calf episode that notes Israel’s idolatry and that Moses stood in the breach to turn away God’s wrath — echoes Deut.9:20’s account of intercession to spare the people and Aaron.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the LORD was very angry with Aaron to destroy him; and I prayed for Aaron also at that time.
- And the LORD was very angry with Aaron to destroy him; and I pleaded for Aaron at that time.
Deu.9.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- חטאתכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשיתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- העגל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לקחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- ואשרף: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואכת: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- טחון: ADJ,m,sg
- היטב: ADV
- עד: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דק: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לעפר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואשלך: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עפרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הנחל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הירד: PTCP,qal,act,m,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 32:20 (verbal): Almost identical report: Moses burned the golden calf, ground it to powder, scattered it on water — Deut 9:21 echoes the same actions and language.
- Psalm 106:19-23 (thematic): A liturgical retelling of the golden-calf episode; highlights Israel's idolatry and Moses' intercession, thematically paralleling Deut 9:21's account of the sin and its destruction.
- Acts 7:40-43 (allusion): Stephen's speech recounts the Israelites' making and worshiping the calf in the wilderness; he alludes to the same event as an example of rebellious idolatry.
- 1 Corinthians 10:7 (thematic): Paul cites the golden-calf incident as a warning against idolatry, drawing on the Exodus/Deuteronomy tradition about Israel's sin exemplified in the calf episode.
Alternative generated candidates
- I took the sin of your calf—which you had made—and I burned it with fire and ground it to powder, until it was as fine as dust; then I threw its dust into the brook that descends from the mountain.
- I took the sin you had made in forming the calf and burned it in the fire, ground it to powder until it was as fine as dust, and threw its dust into the brook that descends from the mountain.
Deu.9.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובתבערה: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובמסה: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובקברת: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs
- התאוה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מקצפים: VERB,qal,ptc,.,m,pl
- הייתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deut.9:7-8 (structural): Immediate context recounting Israel's provocation at Horeb and the golden calf — the same episode in which they 'provoked the LORD.'
- Exod.32:10-14 (thematic): God speaks of burning with anger against Israel because of the golden calf; Moses intercedes — the divine wrath provoked by Israel echoes Deut 9:22.
- Num.14:11-12 (verbal): Yahweh's question 'How long will this people provoke me?' uses the same idea/verb of provoking God in response to Israel's rebellion.
- Ps.78:40-41 (verbal): The psalmist recounts how the people 'provoked him in the wilderness,' paralleling Deut 9:22's language about provoking the LORD in anger.
- Ps.106:28-29 (thematic): Psalm lists Israel's idolatry and says 'thus they provoked him to anger,' thematically linking sin, provocation, and divine wrath with Deut 9:22.
Alternative generated candidates
- By the burning, by the offerings, and by the burying of your cravings you provoked the LORD.
- By the burning and the grinding and the kneading of your craving you provoked the LORD.
Deu.9.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובשלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- מקדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברנע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
- ורשו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ותמרו: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- האמנתם: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- שמעתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- בקלו: PREP
Parallels
- Numbers 13:26-33 (structural): The spies' report from Kadesh‑Barnea that sparked Israel's refusal to enter the land — the narrative background to Deut. 9:23.
- Numbers 14:22 (verbal): God's indictment that the people 'have not hearkened to my voice' echoes the language of Deut. 9:23 about not believing or obeying the LORD.
- Deuteronomy 1:26-33 (structural): Moses' earlier retelling of the same episode (being sent from Kadesh‑Barnea and the people's refusal) — a direct parallel within Deuteronomy.
- Psalm 106:24-25 (thematic): A poetic reflection on Israel's refusal to enter the promised land: 'they despised the pleasant land; they believed not his word,' recalling the Kadesh rebellion.
- Hebrews 3:16-19 (allusion): The New Testament cites the wilderness generation's unbelief and refusal to enter God's rest as the same failure described in Deut. 9:23, interpreting its theological significance.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when the LORD sent you from Kadesh‑barnea, saying, “Go up and possess the land which I have given you,” then you rebelled against the mouth of the LORD your God and did not trust him or obey his voice.
- When the LORD sent you out from Kadesh-barnea, He said, “Go up and possess the land which I have given you”; then you rebelled against the mouth of the LORD your God and did not obey or heed His voice.
Deu.9.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ממרים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- הייתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- עם: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מיום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דעתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1s
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 32:9 (verbal): God describes Israel as a 'stiff-necked' people after the golden calf—language and the charge of rebellion parallel Moses' rebuke in Deut 9:24.
- Deuteronomy 9:7 (verbal): Immediate parallel within Moses' address: he recalls how the people 'provoked' the LORD and behaved rebelliously—same context and accusatory theme.
- Numbers 14:11 (thematic): God asks Moses 'How long will this people provoke me?'—expresses the same persistent, communal rebellion against the LORD described in Deut 9:24.
- Psalm 78:8 (thematic): The psalm warns against being 'a stubborn and rebellious generation' and recounts Israel's repeated rebellions—thematises the same persistent disobedience.
- Psalm 106:19-23 (allusion): This psalm retells the golden calf episode and Israel's provocation of God and Moses' intercession—an expanded retelling/allusion to the events and charge summarized in Deut 9:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- You have been rebellious against the LORD from the day I knew you.
- You have been rebellious toward the LORD from the day I knew you.
Deu.9.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתנפל: VERB,hitpael,imperf,1,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- הלילה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- התנפלתי: VERB,hitpael,perf,1,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- להשמיד: VERB,hifil,inf
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Deut.9.18 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter — Moses describes falling prostrate before the LORD for forty days and nights and not eating or drinking while interceding for Israel (nearly identical language).
- Exod.34.28 (verbal): Earlier account of Moses on Mount Sinai: he was there forty days and forty nights, neither ate bread nor drank water, and wrote the words of the covenant — nearly the same wording and setting (Moses' fast on the mountain).
- Exod.32:11-14 (thematic): Moses' intercession for Israel after the golden calf; he pleads with God to relent from destroying the people — shares the theme of mediatorial prayer to avert divine judgment that motivates Moses' forty-day fast.
- Matt.4:1-2 (thematic): Jesus' forty-day fast in the wilderness (did not eat) — the motif of a forty-day/forty-night fast as a time of testing, prayer, and confrontation with God's purposes echoes Moses' fast on the mountain.
- 1 Kings 19:8 (thematic): Elijah's forty-day/forty-night journey to Mount Horeb sustained by food — another instance of a prophet spending forty days in relation to a decisive encounter with God at the mountain (parallels the forty‑day motif and prophetic solitude).
Alternative generated candidates
- So I lay prostrate before the LORD forty days and forty nights, as I had before, because the LORD had said he would destroy you.
- And I fell before the LORD for forty days and forty nights, as I had done the first time, for the LORD had said He would destroy you.
Deu.9.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתפלל: VERB,hitpael,impf,1,?,sg
- אל: NEG
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- תשחת: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- ונחלתך: NOUN,f,sg,poss2ms
- אשר: PRON,rel
- פדית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בגדלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss2ms
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הוצאת: VERB,hiphil,perf,2,m,sg
- ממצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חזקה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 32:11-14 (verbal): Moses directly intercedes with God after the golden calf, pleading that He not destroy His people — language and petition closely parallel Deut. 9:26 (reminder of deliverance from Egypt and plea to spare the nation).
- Exodus 32:32 (thematic): A later clause of Moses' intercession in the same episode: Moses offers himself to be blotted out if Israel is not forgiven — another form of the same urgent plea to avert divine destruction.
- Numbers 14:13-20 (thematic): After Israel's refusal to enter Canaan Moses pleads with God to pardon the people, appealing to God's reputation and mercy; parallels the content and purpose of Moses' prayer in Deut. 9:26.
- Psalm 106:23 (allusion): A poetic retelling of the golden-calf crisis that states God would have destroyed Israel had Moses not stood in the breach — an explicit allusion to Moses' intercession recorded in Deut. 9:26.
- Deuteronomy 9:18-25 (structural): Immediate context: Moses recounts his forty days of fasting and repeated intercession over the golden calf, of which verse 9:26 is the culminating petition not to destroy the people redeemed from Egypt.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I entreated the LORD and said, “O Sovereign LORD, do not destroy your people and your heritage, whom you have redeemed by your great power and brought out of Egypt by your mighty hand.
- Then I pleaded with the LORD and said, “O LORD, do not destroy Your people and Your heritage, which You have redeemed by Your great power and by Your outstretched arm.
Deu.9.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעבדיך: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,ms
- לאברהם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ליצחק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וליעקב: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- תפן: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- קשי: ADJ,m,pl,cons
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- רשעו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- חטאתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRSFX,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 32:11-13 (verbal): Moses' plea explicitly invokes the patriarchs—'Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel'—and asks God to relent for their sakes, mirroring the language and petition of Deut 9:27.
- Numbers 14:13-19 (thematic): After the people's rebellion Moses intercedes for mercy and asks God to forgive their iniquity rather than destroy them—same intercessory theme and appeal to God's reputation and covenantal mercy.
- Deuteronomy 9:17-20 (structural): Immediate context in which Moses recounts his previous intercession over the golden calf (breaking the tablets, pleading before the LORD), providing the narrative background for the command to 'remember' the patriarchs.
- Psalm 106:23 (allusion): The psalm recounts the golden calf incident and notes that God would have destroyed Israel had not Moses stood in the breach—echoing the motif of Moses' intercession and God's relenting found in Deut 9:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; do not regard the stubbornness of this people or their wickedness or their sin.
- Remember Your servants — Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; do not regard the stubbornness of this people, their wickedness, or their sin.”
Deu.9.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פן: CONJ
- יאמרו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הוצאתנו: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,sg
- משם: PREP
- מבלי: PREP
- יכלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- להביאם: VERB,hiph,inf
- אל: NEG
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ומשנאתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- הוציאם: VERB,hiph,imp,2,m,sg
- להמתם: VERB,hiph,inf
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 32:10-12 (quotation): Moses pleads with God to relent, explicitly fearing that other nations will say God brought Israel out only to destroy them—language and concern echoed in Deut 9:28.
- Numbers 14:13-16 (verbal): Moses intercedes after the rebellion, asking God to forgive so that the Egyptians and other nations will not claim God brought Israel out to be killed—same accusatory motif.
- Numbers 14:27-30 (thematic): God's pronouncement that the rebels' carcasses will fall in the wilderness mirrors the idea that the people might be 'brought out to die in the desert'.
- Psalm 106:23-24 (allusion): Retells the golden calf episode: God would have destroyed Israel, but Moses stood in the breach—shows the divine wrath/Moses’ intercession dynamic underlying Deut 9:28.
Alternative generated candidates
- Lest the land from which you brought us say, ‘Because the LORD was not able to bring them into the land he promised them, and because he hated them he brought them out to kill them in the wilderness.’
- Lest the nations to whom You bring them say, ‘Because the LORD was not able to bring them into the land He promised them, and because He hated them, He brought them out to kill them in the wilderness.’
Deu.9.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והם: CONJ+PRON,3,m,pl
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- ונחלתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cons,2,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הוצאת: VERB,hiphil,perf,2,m,sg
- בכחך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m,sg
- הגדל: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ובזרעך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,sg
- הנטויה: ADJ,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 6:6 (verbal): God's promise to 'bring you out' and to do so 'with an outstretched arm' echoes the language of deliverance and the 'outstretched arm' in Deut 9:29.
- Deuteronomy 4:34 (verbal): Recalls the Israelites' experience of 'great signs and wonders' and deliverance by 'a mighty hand and an outstretched arm,' closely paralleling wording and theme.
- Deuteronomy 7:8 (thematic): Affirms that Israel was brought out and given as God's possession not for their merit but by God's action—similar claim in 9:29 that they are God's people and heritage brought out by his power.
- Isaiah 63:11-12 (allusion): Speaks of the LORD who 'remembered the days of old' and 'led them by the right hand of Moses, with his glorious arm,' echoing the motif of divine deliverance by God's arm and the corporate identity of Israel.
- Psalm 136:12 (thematic): Celebrates the Exodus deliverance (dividing the sea) and repeatedly attributes salvation to God's mighty acts and steadfast love—paralleling Deut 9:29's emphasis on God bringing Israel out by great power.
Alternative generated candidates
- But they are your people and your heritage, whom you brought out by your great power and by your outstretched arm.
- They are Your people and Your heritage, whom You brought out by Your great power and by Your outstretched arm.
Remember—do not forget—how you provoked the LORD your God in the wilderness: from the day you went out of the land of Egypt until you came to this place you have been rebellious against the LORD.
By the sword you provoked the LORD, and the LORD became so angry with you that he was ready to destroy you.
I went up the mountain to receive the stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant that the LORD had made with you; I remained on the mountain forty days and forty nights—neither ate bread nor drank water. And the LORD gave me two tablets of stone, written by the finger of God, on which were all the words that the LORD had spoken with you from the midst of the fire on the day of the assembly.
At the end of forty days and forty nights the LORD gave me the two tablets of the covenant.
Then the LORD said to me, "Arise, go down quickly from here, for your people whom you brought out of the land of Egypt have corrupted themselves; they have quickly turned aside from the way that I commanded them and have made for themselves a molten calf." And the LORD said to me, "I have seen this people, and behold, it is a stubborn, stiff-necked people.
Let me alone, that I may destroy them and blot out their name from under heaven; and I will make you a great and mightier nation than they." So I turned and came down from the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire. The two tablets of the covenant were in my hands. And I saw that you had sinned against the LORD your God: you had made yourselves a molten calf; you had turned aside quickly from the way that the LORD had commanded you.
Then I took hold of the two tablets, threw them from my hands, and broke them before your eyes.
Again I fell prostrate before the LORD for forty days and forty nights; I neither ate bread nor drank water, because of all your sin which you had committed, doing evil in the sight of the LORD and provoking him.
For I feared the wrath and the fierce anger with which the LORD was hot to destroy you; and the LORD listened to me at that time also. But the LORD was very angry with Aaron to destroy him; and I prayed for Aaron also at that time. And I took the sin of your molten calf, burned it in the fire, ground it to powder as fine as dust, and scattered its dust into the brook that descends from the mountain. And you enraged the LORD at Taberah, at Massah, and at Kibroth-hattaavah.
When the LORD sent you from Kadesh Barnea, saying, "Go up and possess the land which I have given you," you rebelled against the mouth of the LORD your God and would not believe him or obey his voice.
From the day I first knew you you have been rebellious against the LORD. So again I fell prostrate before the LORD for forty days and forty nights; I fell because the LORD had said he would destroy you. And I pleaded with the LORD and said, "O Lord GOD, do not destroy your people and your heritage, whom you have redeemed by your greatness and by your outstretched hand."
Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; do not look to the stubbornness of this people, or to their wickedness or their sin.
Lest the land of which you brought us forth say, ‘Because the LORD could not bring them into the land which he promised them, and because he hated them he brought them out to put them to death in the wilderness.’"
Yet they are your people and your heritage, whom you brought out by your great power and by your outstretched arm.