Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane
Luke 22:39-46
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Luke.22.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- εξελθων: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- επορευθη: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- κατα: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- εθος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- Ορος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- Ελαιων·ηκολουθησαν: NOUN,gen,pl,f+VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- δε: CONJ
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- μαθηται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Mark 14:26 (verbal): Mark records the same movement to the Mount of Olives immediately after the Last Supper with closely parallel wording (they went out to the Mount of Olives).
- Matthew 26:30 (verbal): Matthew likewise says they went out to the Mount of Olives after singing a hymn, offering a near-verbal parallel about the destination and sequence.
- John 18:1 (structural): John locates the subsequent arrest in a garden across the Kidron Valley on the Mount of Olives, providing a complementary account of the same place and events.
- Luke 4:16 (allusion): Luke uses the same idea of Jesus' regular practice ('as was his custom') elsewhere (e.g., entering the synagogue), showing the author's recurring phrase to describe Jesus' habitual behavior.
- Acts 1:12 (thematic): Acts (Luke's sequel) again highlights the Mount of Olives (the disciples return there after the Ascension), thematically linking Luke–Acts geography and the significance of this location.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he went out, as was his custom, to the Mount of Olives; and the disciples followed him.
- And he went out and, as was his custom, went to the Mount of Olives; and his disciples followed him.
Luke.22.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- γενομενος: VERB,aor,mid,ptc,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- τοπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Προσευχεσθε: PRON,dat,pl,m + VERB,pres,mid,imp,2,pl
- μη: PART
- εισελθειν: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- εις: PREP
- πειρασμον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 26:41 (verbal): Near-verbatim Synoptic parallel: Jesus exhorts the disciples to 'watch and pray that you may not enter into temptation,' addressing the same need for prayer to resist temptation.
- Mark 14:38 (verbal): Mark's version closely parallels Luke 22:40 (and Matthew 26:41), repeating the admonition to 'watch and pray' so as not to fall into temptation in the Gethsemane scene.
- Luke 22:46 (structural): Immediate pericope continuation: after finding the disciples sleeping, Jesus again urges them to 'rise and pray that you may not enter into temptation,' reinforcing the same command within Luke's narrative structure.
- 1 Corinthians 10:13 (thematic): Thematic parallel about temptation: Paul teaches that God provides a way of escape so believers are not overwhelmed by temptation, complementing Jesus' instruction to pray to avoid entering it.
Alternative generated candidates
- When he came to the place he said to them, "Pray that you may not enter into temptation."
- When he reached the place he said to them, "Pray that you may not fall into temptation."
Luke.22.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- απεσπασθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- απ᾽αυτων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,3
- ωσει: ADV
- λιθου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- βολην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- θεις: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- γονατα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- προσηυχετο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 26:36-39 (verbal): Parallel Gethsemane scene — Jesus withdraws with disciples, goes a little farther and prays (falls on his face in Matthew), expressing the same solitary prayer before his arrest.
- Mark 14:32-36 (verbal): Close synoptic parallel — Jesus leads Peter, James, and John to Gethsemane, withdraws a short distance and prays (Mark describes him falling to the ground and praying), matching Luke’s depiction of withdrawal and prayer.
- Luke 6:12 (thematic): Earlier Lukan instance of Jesus withdrawing to pray alone (‘he went out to the mountain to pray’ and spent the night in prayer); parallels the motif of Jesus seeking solitary prayer before major decisions/events.
- Hebrews 5:7 (allusion): Theologically echoes Jesus’ anguished prayers on earth — Hebrews notes his prayers and supplications with loud cries and tears to the one who could save him, recalling the Gethsemane prayer posture and urgency.
Alternative generated candidates
- And withdrawing from them about a stone's throw, he knelt down and prayed,
- And he withdrew from them about a stone's throw, knelt down and prayed,
Luke.22.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- λεγων·Πατερ: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,m,sg + NOUN,voc,sg,m
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- βουλει: VERB,pres,mid,sub,2,sg
- παρενεγκε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ποτηριον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- απ᾽εμου·πλην: PREP + PRON,gen,sg,1 + CONJ
- μη: PART
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θελημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- αλλα: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- σον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- γινεσθω: VERB,pres,mid/pass,imp,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 26:39 (verbal): Jesus' Gethsemane prayer: nearly identical language asking the Father to take the cup if possible and submitting to the Father's will ('not as I will, but as you will').
- Mark 14:36 (verbal): Parallel account of the same prayer—includes 'Abba, Father' and the plea to remove the cup, with the closing submission to God's will, closely matching Luke's wording and thought.
- John 18:11 (verbal): Jesus' acceptance of the cup in another context: 'Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given me?'—expresses the same determination to submit to the Father's purpose rather than avoid suffering.
- Hebrews 5:7 (allusion): Describes Jesus offering prayers and supplications with loud cries in the days of his flesh and being heard because of his reverent submission—interprets the Gethsemane prayer as part of his obedient, suffering work.
- Philippians 2:8 (thematic): Portrays the theme of Christ's humility and obedience 'even to death'—echoes the surrender of personal will to the Father's purpose manifested in the Gethsemane prayer.
Alternative generated candidates
- saying, "Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me; yet not my will but yours be done."
- saying, "Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me; yet not my will, but yours be done."
Luke.22.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ωφθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- αγγελος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- απ᾽ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ενισχυων: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 14:35 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel: Mark records the same appearance of an angel from heaven strengthening Jesus in Gethsemane.
- Matthew 26:36-46 (thematic): Parallel account of Jesus' agony and prayer in Gethsemane—same setting and theme of divine help and submission to the Father.
- Luke 22:44 (structural): Immediate literary parallel within Luke: the next verse describes Jesus' intensified prayer and bodily agony, showing the effect/context of the angel's strengthening.
- Hebrews 5:7 (thematic): Thematic parallel: Jesus' earnest prayers and cries in his suffering are highlighted, with God responding—echoes the scene of divine assistance in Gethsemane.
- Psalm 34:7 (allusion): Thematic/allusive parallel: the angel of the LORD as deliverer/strengthener echoes the OT motif of angels providing divine aid to the righteous.
Alternative generated candidates
- And an angel from heaven appeared to strengthen him.
- And an angel from heaven appeared to him and strengthened him.
Luke.22.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- γενομενος: VERB,aor,mid,ptc,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- αγωνια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εκτενεστερον: ADV,comp
- προσηυχετο·και: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ιδρως: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- ωσει: ADV
- θρομβοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- αιματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- καταβαινοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- επι: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Mark 14:33-34 (structural): Mark's Gethsemane account parallels Luke's setting and language of intense distress ('deeply distressed and troubled') and Jesus' anguished prayer, providing a synoptic parallel to Luke's agony motif.
- Matthew 26:36-44 (structural): Matthew's account of the agony in Gethsemane mirrors Luke's scene (Jesus' sorrow to the point of death, repeated prayers), giving a parallel narrative context to the description of extreme anguish.
- Hebrews 5:7 (verbal): Hebrews echoes Luke's emphasis on Jesus' prayerful, heartrending supplication ('offered up prayers and supplications…with loud cries and tears'), linking his suffering in the flesh with earnest petitioning.
- Isaiah 53:3-5 (thematic): The Suffering Servant passages thematically parallel Luke's depiction of vicarious suffering and physical anguish, framing Jesus' agony as fulfillment of prophetic suffering imagery.
- Psalm 22:14-15 (thematic): Psalm 22's vivid language of bodily distress ('I am poured out like water…my heart is like wax') resonates with Luke's bodily-suffering motif and the sense of extreme physical and emotional torment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And being in anguish he prayed more earnestly; and his sweat became like drops of blood falling to the ground.
- And being in anguish he prayed more earnestly; and his sweat became like great drops of blood falling to the ground.
Luke.22.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- αναστας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- προσευχης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ελθων: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- μαθητας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- ευρεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- κοιμωμενους: VERB,pres,act,ptc,acc,pl,m
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- λυπης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Matthew 26:40 (verbal): Direct synoptic parallel—Jesus returns from prayer, finds the disciples sleeping, and rebukes them for not keeping watch.
- Mark 14:37 (verbal): Synoptic parallel with similar wording—Jesus comes and finds them sleeping and addresses Peter (’Simon, are you asleep?’).
- Mark 14:34 (thematic): Part of the same Gethsemane scene: Jesus tells the disciples his soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death and urges them to keep watch, explaining the context for their fatigue/sleep.
- Luke 22:44 (structural): Immediate Lucan context—Jesus’ preceding agony and earnest prayer provide the emotional background that explains why the disciples are found sleeping 'from sorrow.'
Alternative generated candidates
- When he rose from prayer he came to the disciples and found them sleeping from sorrow.
- When he rose from prayer and drew near to the disciples, he found them sleeping from sorrow.
Luke.22.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Τι: PRON,dat,pl,m
- καθευδετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- ανασταντες: VERB,part,aor,act,nom,pl,masc
- προσευχεσθε: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,2,pl
- ινα: CONJ
- μη: PART
- εισελθητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- εις: PREP
- πειρασμον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 26:41 (quotation): Nearly identical admonition—'Watch and pray that you may not enter into temptation'—adds 'the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak,' underscoring the same pastoral warning as Luke's charge to pray and not sleep.
- Mark 14:38 (quotation): Close verbal parallel to Luke 22:46; Mark records the same command to 'watch and pray that you may not enter into temptation,' showing the Synoptic agreement on Jesus' instruction in Gethsemane.
- Luke 11:4 (Lord's Prayer) (allusion): The petition 'lead us not into temptation' echoes the same theological concern—seeking God's help in prayer to avoid or be upheld in times of trial—connecting Jesus' private warning to a public prayer formula.
- 1 Peter 5:8-9 (thematic): Calls for sober watchfulness and resistance—'be sober-minded and watchful' and 'resist him'—paralleling Luke's command to stay awake and pray as a means of spiritual vigilance against temptation.
- James 1:14-15 (thematic): Explains the origin and danger of temptation (desire leading to sin and death), providing theological background to why Jesus urges prayer and vigilance to avoid being led into temptation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said to them, "Why are you sleeping? Rise and pray that you may not enter into temptation."
- And he said to them, "Why are you sleeping? Rise and pray that you may not fall into temptation."
Then he went out and proceeded, as was his custom, to the Mount of Olives, and the disciples followed him.
When he came to the place he said to them, “Pray that you may not enter into temptation.” And he withdrew from them about a stone's throw; and, kneeling, he prayed.
He said, “Father, if you are willing, take away this cup from me; yet not my will, but yours be done.”
Then an angel from heaven appeared to him and strengthened him. And in his anguish he prayed more earnestly; and his sweat became like drops of blood falling to the ground.
When he rose from prayer and came to the disciples, he found them sleeping for sorrow. And he said to them, “Why are you sleeping? Rise and pray that you may not enter into temptation.”