The Seventh Plague: Hail
Exodus 9:13-35
Exo.9.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השכם: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- בבקר: PREP
- והתיצב: VERB,hitp,perf,3,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- העברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- ויעבדני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj1
Parallels
- Exod.8.20 (verbal): Nearly identical commissioning formula—“Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh…” and the command to say “Thus saith the LORD… Let my people go” (introduction to the flies plague).
- Exod.5.1 (quotation): Moses and Aaron’s initial demand to Pharaoh uses the same divine address and demand (“Thus saith the LORD God of Israel/Hebrews, Let my people go”), echoing the core content and tone of Exod. 9:13.
- Exod.7.16 (structural): Early instance of the same prophetic commission at the outset of the plague narrative—God instructs Moses to go to Pharaoh with the formula “The LORD God of the Hebrews hath sent me… Let my people go,” showing the repeated communicative pattern.
- Ps.105:28-36 (thematic): Retells the Egyptian plagues and God’s sending of Moses and Aaron to confront Pharaoh; thematically parallels the commissioning in Exod. 9:13 and the divine purpose behind the summons.
Alternative generated candidates
- And YHWH said to Moses, 'Rise early in the morning and take your stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, Thus says YHWH, the God of the Hebrews: Send my people, that they may serve me.'
- And YHWH said to Moses, 'Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh and say to him, Thus says YHWH, the God of the Hebrews: Send my people, that they may serve me.'
Exo.9.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- בפעם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- מגפתי: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss1cs
- אל: NEG
- לבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss2ms
- ובעבדיך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,suff2
- ובעמך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,ms
- בעבור: PREP
- תדע: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- אין: PART,neg
- כמני: PREP,1,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 7:5 (verbal): Same prophetic purpose language — God will send signs/plagues so the Egyptians will know that I am YHWH (close verbal parallel to 'that you may know').
- Exodus 9:16 (structural): Immediate sequel explaining the reason for sending plagues: God raised Pharaoh up to show His power and make His name known throughout the earth (same episode and purpose).
- Deuteronomy 4:35 (verbal): The Deuteronomic statement that YHWH alone is God ('there is none else') echoes the theological claim in Exod 9:14 that no one is like God in the earth.
- Isaiah 46:9 (verbal): Prophetic affirmation 'I am God, and there is none like me' echoes the exclusive divine uniqueness asserted in Exod 9:14 ('there is none like me in all the earth').
- Psalm 78:44-51 (thematic): Poetic retelling of the Egyptian plagues used to demonstrate YHWH’s power and judgment — thematically parallels the Exodus account’s use of plagues to make God known as unique and sovereign.
Alternative generated candidates
- For this time I am sending all my plagues against your heart, and upon your servants and your people, in order that you may know that there is none like me in all the earth.
- 'For this time I am sending all my plagues upon your heart, and upon your servants and upon your people, in order that you may know that there is none like me in all the earth.'
Exo.9.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- עתה: ADV
- שלחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- ואך: CONJ
- אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- בדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותכחד: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.6.7 (verbal): God declares he will 'blot out' mankind from the earth — language and intent parallel the threat to cut off from the earth in Exod 9:15.
- Lev.26.25 (thematic): Part of the covenant curses: God will send pestilence among the people as punishment — parallels the plague-threat in Exod 9:15.
- Deut.28.20-22 (thematic): Covenantal warnings that God will send terror, consumption and fever, causing ruin and being 'cut off' — closely mirrors the punitive pestilence motif of Exod 9:15.
- Exod.32.10 (structural): God tells Moses he will consume/bring destruction on Israel for their sin — a similar divine threat to destroy a people within the Exodus narrative framework.
- Ezek.14.21 (thematic): A prophetic catalogue where God says he will bring sword, famine and pestilence on the land — echoes the triadic disasters and the threat to cut off peoples like in Exod 9:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people with pestilence, and you would have been wiped out from the earth.
- 'For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people with pestilence, and you would have been wiped from the earth.'
Exo.9.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואולם: CONJ
- בעבור: PREP
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- העמדתיך: VERB,hiph,perf,1,m,sg
- בעבור: PREP
- הראתך: VERB,hiph,perf,1,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כחי: NOUN,m,sg,poss,1,sg
- ולמען: CONJ+PREP
- ספר: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,sg
- שמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Rom.9.17 (quotation): Paul explicitly cites Exodus 9:16 (’I raised you up…’) to argue that God raised Pharaoh to display his power and execute his purpose.
- Exod.14.4 (verbal): In the same Exodus tradition God says he will harden Pharaoh so that the Egyptians ‘may know that I am the LORD’—a closely parallel purpose clause about showing God’s power and name.
- Ezek.36.23 (thematic): God declares he will sanctify his great name and make himself known among the nations—similar motive of manifesting God’s reputation/Name to the peoples.
- Isa.66.19 (thematic): God will send survivors to the nations ‘to tell of my glory among the Gentiles,’ echoing the idea that divine acts are meant to declare God’s name to the earth.
- Ps.105.1 (thematic): Call to ‘make known his deeds among the peoples’ and to call upon the LORD’s name parallels Exodus’ theme that God’s mighty acts serve to proclaim his name.
Alternative generated candidates
- But indeed for this reason I have caused you to stand: in order to show you my power, and in order that my name might be recounted in all the earth.
- 'But indeed for this reason I have made you stand: to show you my power, and so that my name might be recounted in all the earth.'
Exo.9.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עודך: ADV+2,m,sg
- מסתולל: VERB,hitpael,ptcp,m,sg
- בעמי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const,1,sg
- לבלתי: PART,neg
- שלחם: VERB,qal,inf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 9:12 (verbal): Directly parallels the language that the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart and he would not heed Moses — explains Pharaoh’s continued rage and refusal to let Israel go.
- Exodus 7:3 (thematic): God announces he will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that signs and wonders may be displayed; same divine purpose behind Pharaoh’s opposition to God’s people.
- Exodus 14:4 (structural): God says he will harden Pharaoh so he will pursue Israel and God will be glorified — parallels the motif of Pharaoh’s furious pursuit/rage against God’s people serving God’s redemptive purpose.
- Romans 9:17 (quotation): Paul cites the Exodus episode (‘For this very purpose I raised you up…’) to illustrate God’s sovereign role in raising/hardening Pharaoh so that God’s power and name would be declared.
Alternative generated candidates
- You still exalt yourself against my people, refusing to send them.
- 'Still you are exalting yourself against my people by not sending them.'
Exo.9.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- ממטיר: VERB,hiph,imprf,1,sg
- כעת: ADV
- מחר: ADV
- ברד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כבד: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- מאד: ADV
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כמהו: PRON,sim,3,m,sg
- במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- למן: PREP
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הוסדה: VERB,hiph,perf,3,f,sg,pass
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- עתה: ADV
Parallels
- Exodus 9:23 (structural): Narrative fulfillment of the warning in 9:18—Moses stretches out his staff and the LORD sends thunder and very heavy hail that breaks forth in Egypt.
- Exodus 9:19 (structural): Immediate contextual parallel: the prior warning that livestock and people should be brought in because the coming hail will be devastating.
- Job 38:22-23 (verbal): Divine imagery of 'treasures of the hail' presents hail as part of God's controlled arsenal—language that echoes the portrayal of hail as an instrument of God’s power.
- Psalm 78:47 (thematic): Describes God sending hail to destroy crops and trees as an act of judgment—thematises hail as punitive divine action similar to Exodus' plague.
- Psalm 18:12-13 (cf. 2 Samuel 22:11-12) (verbal): Hail and coals of fire pictured amid God's thunderous manifestation—uses the same motif of hail as a terrifying element accompanying divine intervention.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, I am causing to rain at this time tomorrow a very heavy hail, such as has not been in Egypt from the day it was founded until now.
- 'At this time tomorrow I am about to rain down very heavy hail, such as has not been like it in Egypt from the day it was founded until now.'
Exo.9.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועתה: CONJ
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- העז: NOUN,f,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- מקנך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+prs2m
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והבהמה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ימצא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- יאסף: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- הביתה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- עלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- הברד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומתו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperf,3,_,pl
Parallels
- Exod.9.21 (verbal): Immediate parallel instruction to send people and animals into houses to avoid the coming hail (same warning and protective action).
- Exod.9.23-25 (structural): Narrative fulfillment: the LORD sends thunder, hail and fire that strikes everything in the field while those sheltered in houses are spared—direct continuation of the threat in 9:19.
- Job 38:22-23 (thematic): God speaks of storehouses of hail reserved for a time of trouble—uses hail as a divinely controlled instrument of judgment like the Egyptian plague.
- Ps.78:47 (thematic): Psalm retells divine judgment with hail destroying crops and trees in the land—echoes the plague motif of hail as God's judgment on the enemy.
- Isa.28:2 (thematic): Uses hail and a destroying storm as imagery for divine judgment against a people—parallels the use of violent weather as God’s punitive action.
Alternative generated candidates
- And now, send—bring in your livestock and all that you have in the field; every human and animal that is found in the field and is not gathered into the house—the hail will come down on them, and they will die.
- 'And now, send, bring under shelter your livestock and all that is yours in the field; every human and animal that will be found in the field and not gathered into the house—the hail will come down upon them and they will die.'
Exo.9.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הירא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מעבדי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הניס: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- ואת: CONJ
- מקנהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הבתים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Exod.9.21 (verbal): Closely parallel wording and contrast: those who did not fear the word of the LORD left their servants and cattle in the field (direct counterpart to v.20).
- Exod.9.23–25 (structural): Immediate narrative sequence describing the hail that struck only those in the field, explaining the practical result of the action in v.20.
- Exod.9.4 (thematic): God’s earlier declaration that He would make a distinction between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt echoes the theme of selective protection found in v.20.
- Exod.8.22–23 (thematic): Earlier plague (flies) where God separates Israel from Egypt (‘I will put a division between my people and thy people’), a parallel motif of divine protection for those who belong to or fear Yahweh.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whoever among Pharaoh's servants feared the word of YHWH hurried his servants and his livestock into the houses.
- He who feared the word of YHWH among Pharaoh’s servants made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses.
Exo.9.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- שם: ADV
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויעזב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- ואת: CONJ
- מקנהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 9:20 (verbal): Immediate companion verse: those who 'feared the word of the LORD' brought their servants and cattle inside—direct contrast and verbal parallel to 9:21's statement about those who did not heed and left them in the field.
- Exodus 9:22-25 (structural): Continues the hail narrative showing the consequence (hail striking people and animals in the field) of leaving servants and livestock outside—structural continuation and consequence of 9:21.
- Exodus 8:22-23 (thematic): Earlier plague where God distinguishes Goshen/Israel from Egypt and spares Israelite land and livestock—thematic pattern of protection for those who heed or belong to the LORD versus judgment on others.
- Deuteronomy 28:18-22 (thematic): Covenantal curse language describing disease, blight and disasters on crops, animals and people as punishment for disobedience—thematic parallel about divine judgment affecting fields and livestock.
- Hosea 4:3 (thematic): Prophetic depiction of the land and its animals mourning and perishing because of Israel's sin—thematic parallel linking human disobedience with calamity on livestock and countryside.
Alternative generated candidates
- But whoever did not set his heart to the word of YHWH left his servants and his livestock in the field.
- But whoever did not set his heart to the word of YHWH left his servants and his livestock in the field.
Exo.9.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נטה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
- על: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ברד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- עשב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 9:23 (structural): Same narrative event: Moses stretches out his staff/hand to the sky and the LORD sends thunder, hail, and fire across Egypt.
- Exodus 9:25 (verbal): Explicit continuation: the hail strikes everything in the field—both man and beast—and breaks all the plants and trees, repeating the scope of damage in 9:22.
- Job 38:22-23 (allusion): God speaks of storehouses of hail under his control, framing hail as an element deployed by the divine will—paralleling Yahweh’s sending of hail in Exodus.
- Psalm 78:47 (thematic): Describes God destroying crops and trees with hail as a form of judgment on the people—echoing the plague’s purpose and effect in Exodus 9:22.
- Isaiah 28:17 (thematic): Uses hail as an instrument of divine judgment ('hail will sweep away the refuge of lies'), reflecting the prophetic motif of hail as punitive intervention like in Exodus.
Alternative generated candidates
- And YHWH said to Moses, 'Stretch out your hand toward the sky, and let there be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon humans and upon animals and upon every plant of the field in the land of Egypt.'
- And YHWH said to Moses, 'Stretch out your hand toward the sky, and let there be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon humans and upon animals and upon every plant of the field in the land of Egypt.'
Exo.9.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויט: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- מטהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- קלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וברד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותהלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ארצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימטר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ברד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 9:24 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode—explicit description of hail, thunder, and fire falling on Egypt; closely parallel in wording and narrative context.
- Psalm 78:47-48 (thematic): Retells God's sending of hail and destruction on the Egyptians as part of the plagues; uses similar imagery of hail as divine judgment.
- Isaiah 30:30 (verbal): Speaks of the Lord giving 'hailstones and coals of fire'—a parallel verbal motif linking hail and fire as instruments of God's wrath.
- Job 38:22-23 (thematic): God's rhetorical claim about the storehouses of hail and their use in battle echoes the motif of hail as a divinely controlled weapon against the wicked.
- Psalm 105:32-33 (thematic): Psalmic summary of the Exodus plagues that includes the sending of hail and fire on Egypt, echoing the event narrated in Exodus 9:23.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky, and YHWH gave thunderclaps and hail, and fire went down to the earth; and YHWH rained hail upon the land of Egypt.
- And Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky, and YHWH gave thunderings and hail, and fire went down to the earth; and YHWH rained hail upon the land of Egypt.
Exo.9.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ברד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מתלקחת: VERB,hitpael,ptc,3,f,sg
- בתוך: PREP
- הברד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כבד: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- מאד: ADV
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כמהו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מאז: ADV
- היתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exod.9.23 (structural): Immediate context: describes the thunder, hail, and fire from the LORD that accompany the plague — the same event continued in v.24 (literary parallel within the narrative).
- Ps.105:32-33 (allusion): Psalm recounts the Egyptian plagues: 'He gave them hail for rain, and flaming fire in their land,' directly echoing the hail-and-fire judgment of Exodus 9.24.
- Ps.78:47-48 (thematic): Describes God sending hail and destroying crops and livestock as an act of judgment — parallels the destructive effect and divine causation of the Egyptian hailstorm.
- Rev.8:7 (verbal): The first trumpet brings 'hail and fire mixed with blood' sent to the earth — apocalyptic imagery that echoes the motif of hail and fire as divine judgment found in Exod 9.24.
- Rev.16:21 (thematic): Describes extraordinarily large hailstones as a severe plague causing people to blaspheme — resonates with the unprecedented, devastating hail described in Exodus 9.24 as an extreme act of divine wrath.
Alternative generated candidates
- And there was hail, with fire blazing within the hail, very heavy, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
- And there was hail, and fire flashing within the hail—very heavy—such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
Exo.9.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויך: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הברד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאדם: PREP
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- בהמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- עשב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הכה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הברד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- עץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exod.9.23 (verbal): Immediate narrative parallel in the same plague account—describes the LORD sending thunder and hail that struck everything in the field, repeating the same imagery and action.
- Psalm 78:47-48 (thematic): Portrays hail as divine judgment that destroys crops and trees (‘he destroyed their vines with hail’), echoing Exodus’ theme of hail wrecking vegetation and life.
- Psalm 105:32-33 (thematic): Speaks of God giving hail for rain and flaming fire in the land—uses hail as an agent of Israel’s enemies’ judgment, paralleling the plague’s function as divine punishment in Egypt.
- Joshua 10:11 (thematic): Describes the LORD casting down great stones (hail-like) from heaven to defeat enemies—parallels the motif of heavenly stones/hail as a weapon sent by God to bring destruction.
- Job 38:22-23 (allusion): God’s rhetorical question about the storehouses of snow and hail emphasizes divine control over hail and storm—an underlying theological theme behind the Exodus hail-plague.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the hail struck, in all the land of Egypt, all that was in the field, from human to animal; and all the plant of the field the hail struck, and every tree of the field it shattered.
- And the hail struck throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, from human to animal; and the hail struck all the plant of the field, and it shattered every tree of the field.
Exo.9.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רק: PRT
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- גשן: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שם: ADV
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ברד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 8:22-23 (verbal): God promises to set a distinction for the land of Goshen so that the swarms of flies will not be there — another explicit instance of Goshen being exempted from an Egyptian plague.
- Exodus 9:23-25 (structural): Immediate narrative context describing the hailstorm that struck Egypt; verse 9:26 functions as the concluding note that Goshen alone was not affected.
- Psalm 105:32 (allusion): The psalm recounts the plagues and explicitly mentions God sending hail — a liturgical retelling that alludes to the Exodus hail plague and its selective effect.
- Psalm 78:47-48 (thematic): This psalm recounts God’s judgments on Egypt, including hail and thunder, echoing the Exodus motif of natural phenomena used as divine punishment.
- Exodus 12:13 (thematic): The Passover deliverance (the blood on the doorposts that spares Israel from the death-angel) parallels the broader theme of God protecting Israel/land of Goshen while Egypt suffers judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, there was no hail.
- Only in the land of Goshen, where the Israelites were, there was no hail.
Exo.9.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- למשה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולאהרן: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- חטאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- הפעם: NOUN,f,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הצדיק: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- ועמי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUF,1
- הרשעים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Exodus 10:16-17 (verbal): A nearly identical confession by Pharaoh after further plagues: he admits sinning and acknowledges the LORD’s righteousness, asking forgiveness and relief.
- Exodus 9:34-35 (structural): Immediate narrative contrast: though Pharaoh confesses in 9:27, the text then reports his heart is hardened again—highlighting the fragility or hypocrisy of his admission.
- 1 Samuel 15:24-25 (verbal): Saul’s admission 'I have sinned' to Samuel parallels Pharaoh’s direct confession to Moses/Aaron—both recognize wrongdoing after prophetic rebuke.
- Psalm 51:4 (thematic): David’s confession that God is righteous and the psalmist is guilty echoes Pharaoh’s basic theological claim: divine justice versus human guilt.
- Romans 3:23 (thematic): Paul’s statement that all have sinned universalizes the moral claim implicit in Pharaoh’s 'I and my people are wicked,' connecting individual confession to corporate/total human guilt.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Pharaoh sent and called for Moses and for Aaron and said to them, 'I have sinned this time. YHWH is the righteous one, and I and my people are the wicked.'
- And Pharaoh sent and called for Moses and for Aaron and said to them, 'I have sinned this time; YHWH is the righteous one, and I and my people are the wicked.'
Exo.9.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- העתירו: VERB,hiph,impv,2,pl
- אל: NEG
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ורב: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- מהית: PART
- קלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וברד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואשלחה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- תספון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- לעמד: VERB,qal,inf
Parallels
- Exod.8.8 (verbal): Pharaoh similarly asks Moses to 'pray to the LORD' to remove the plague of frogs (same formula of requesting intercession to stop a specific divine disaster).
- Exod.10.17 (verbal): Later, after the locusts, Pharaoh again begs Moses to 'pray to the LORD your God' to remove the punishment—parallel in content and wording (plea for prophetic/mediatorial prayer to end a plague).
- Exod.9.29 (structural): Immediate literary continuation: Moses responds that he will stretch out his hand to the LORD so the thunder and hail may cease—directly linked action and outcome to Pharaoh’s request.
- Ps.78.47-48 (thematic): The psalm narrates God’s sending of hail and fire on Egypt as divine judgment, echoing the motif of hail as a punitive act of God in the Exodus tradition.
- 1 Kgs.18.41-45 (thematic): Elijah’s prayer brings a change in weather (ending drought by asking God for rain), paralleling the broader theological theme that prophetic prayer can mediate control over life-threatening weather.
Alternative generated candidates
- Plead to YHWH—enough of God's thunderclaps and hail—and I will send you, and you shall not continue to stand.
- 'Plead to YHWH—enough of God’s thunderings and the hail!—and I will send you off, and you shall no longer remain.'
Exo.9.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כצאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אפרש: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כפי: PREP
- אל: NEG
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הקלות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- יחדלון: VERB,qal,impf,3,_,pl
- והברד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- למען: PREP
- תדע: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 9:33 (quotation): Same episode in the plague narrative: Moses departs, spreads his hands toward the LORD, and the thunder and hail cease—direct counterpart to 9:29.
- Exodus 17:11 (structural): Moses' raised hands determine the outcome of battle (Israel prevails while his hands are raised); parallels the motif of a leader’s raised hands affecting a divine/human outcome.
- 1 Kings 18:41-45 (thematic): Elijah’s prophetic action and prayer bring the end of drought when clouds and rain appear—similar prophetic mediation of weather to demonstrate Yahweh’s sovereignty.
- Job 38:22-35 (thematic): God’s speech about the storehouses of hail, snow and control of storms emphasizes divine control over thunder and hail, echoing the theological point that weather is under God’s authority.
- Psalm 147:8 (thematic): Praise of God as the one who 'covers the heavens with clouds' and provides rain for the earth, reinforcing the claim that the earth belongs to the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses said to him, 'As I go out of the city, I will spread out my palms to YHWH; the thunderclaps will cease, and the hail will be no more, in order that you may know that the earth belongs to YHWH.'
- And Moses said to him, 'As I go out of the city I will spread my palms to YHWH; the thunderings will cease and the hail will be no more, so that you may know that the earth belongs to YHWH.'
Exo.9.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- ועבדיך: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:2,m,sg
- ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- כי: CONJ
- טרם: ADV
- תיראון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- מפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Exod.5:2 (thematic): Pharaoh's refusal to acknowledge or submit to Yahweh ('Who is the LORD that I should obey him?') shows the same lack of fear/reverence that God here says he and his servants possess.
- Exod.9:34-35 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: after the hail ceases Pharaoh hardens his heart and does not let the people go—concrete behavior that fulfills God’s remark that he does not yet fear the LORD.
- Exod.4:21 (thematic): God announces he will harden Pharaoh’s heart; this reflects the broader divine engagement with Pharaoh’s unbelief and presupposes the ruler’s ongoing refusal to fear the LORD.
- Rom.9:17-18 (allusion): Paul cites the Exodus tradition about God raising up and hardening Pharaoh to display divine purpose; interprets Pharaoh’s resistance (and God's knowledge of it) theologically in the NT.
Alternative generated candidates
- But as for you and your servants, I know that you do not yet fear before YHWH God.
- 'But as for you and your servants, I know that you do not yet fear before YHWH God.'
Exo.9.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והפשתה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והשערה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- נכתה: VERB,nip,perf,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- השערה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אביב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והפשתה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- גבעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 9:23-25 (structural): Immediate context of the same hail-plague narrative; verses describe the storm of hail and its destructive effect on crops, leading directly into v.31's statement about flax and barley being smitten.
- Psalm 105:32-33 (allusion): Psalm recounts the plagues on Egypt, including hail that struck their land and broke their trees—an intentional retelling of the Exodus disaster that damaged crops like the flax and barley in v.31.
- Psalm 78:47-48 (allusion): Another liturgical retelling of God's judgments on Egypt: the psalm describes devastating weather (hail, frost) sent against the land, paralleling the crop destruction noted in Exodus 9:31.
- Amos 4:9 (thematic): Prophetic description of God smiting Israel's produce with blasting and mildew; thematically parallels the idea of divine judgment expressed by destruction of agricultural staples (flax and barley) in Exodus 9:31.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the flax and the barley were struck, for the barley was in the ear and the flax in bud.
- And the flax and the barley were struck, for the barley was in the ear and the flax was in bud.
Exo.9.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והחטה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והכסמת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- נכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אפילת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הנה: PART
Parallels
- Exod.9.31 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same episode — both verses describe which crops were struck by the hail and which were spared, using the same vocabulary about barley and the late-ripening grain.
- Deut.28:22-24 (thematic): Part of the covenant curses that promise blight, scorching and ruined crops as divine punishment, thematically paralleling the hail-plague’s devastation of the harvest.
- Joel 1:10-11 (thematic): A prophetic lament over fields and grain laid waste (including the barley/corn harvest), echoing the imagery of destroyed crops and agricultural loss produced by disaster.
- Ps.78:45-49 (thematic): A psalm recounting God’s punitive hail and storm that destroy vines and grain; echoes the hail-plague motif and its selective destruction of crops.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the wheat and the spelt were not struck, for they are late.
- But the wheat and the spelt were not struck, for they are late.
Exo.9.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעם: PREP
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויפרש: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- כפיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+suff3m
- אל: NEG
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויחדלו: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,pl
- הקלות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- והברד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומטר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- נתך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ארצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exod.9.23 (verbal): Same sequence earlier in the chapter: Moses stretches out his rod/hand toward heaven and the LORD sends thunder and hail (close verbal and narrative parallel).
- Exod.8.16 (verbal): Aaron stretches out his hand/rod to bring the plague of gnats (shared motif of a raised hand/rod producing or arresting plagues).
- Exod.17.11-12 (structural): Moses’ uplifted hands determine Israel’s success in battle—recurring structural motif of a leader’s raised hands affecting divine action/outcome.
- 1 Kgs.18.41-45 (thematic): Elijah prays and watches for the cloud that brings the longed-for rain—prophetic intercession and a weather change as a sign of divine response.
- Mark 4:39 (thematic): Jesus rebukes the wind and sea and the storm immediately ceases—New Testament parallel of authoritative speech/gesture producing an immediate change in weather.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses went out from Pharaoh, out of the city, and spread out his palms to YHWH; and the thunderclaps and the hail ceased, and the rain did not pour down onto the earth.
- And Moses went out from Pharaoh, out of the city, and spread his palms to YHWH; and the thunderings and the hail ceased, and the rain did not pour down to the earth.
Exo.9.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- חדל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המטר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והברד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- והקלת: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויסף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לחטא: PREP+INF,qal
- ויכבד: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ועבדיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exod.8.15 (verbal): Same sequence: when Pharaoh sees relief from a plague he 'sins again' / 'hardens his heart' (repeated verbal formula after a respite).
- Exod.9.12 (verbal): Uses the same language of a hardened heart but frames it as the LORD hardening Pharaoh—contrast and repetition within the plague-cycle narrative.
- Exod.10.27 (structural): Later recurrence of the pattern (plague, temporary relief, Pharaoh's refusal/hardening) showing the structural repetition of Israel's release motif.
- Rom.9.17-18 (allusion): Paul cites Pharaoh's hardening as a theological example of God raising up and hardening rulers—an NT theological reflection on the Exodus motif.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunderclaps had ceased, and he sinned again and made his heart heavy—he and his servants.
- And Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunderings had ceased, and he added to sin and hardened his heart, he and his servants.
Exo.9.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחזק: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ולא: CONJ
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 4:21 (verbal): God announces he will harden Pharaoh’s heart — the divine hardening motif that frames the later statement in 9:35.
- Exodus 9:12 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the plague narrative stating that the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, explaining why he would not let Israel go.
- Exodus 8:15 (verbal): Another occurrence in the sequence where Pharaoh hardens his own heart after a respite from a plague, illustrating the repeated pattern behind 9:35.
- Exodus 14:4 (structural): God declares he will harden Pharaoh’s heart so he will pursue Israel — shows the hardening motif’s narrative purpose (to display God’s power) later realized in 9:35.
- Romans 9:17–18 (thematic): Paul cites the Exodus hardening (cf. Pharaoh) to make a theological point about divine sovereignty in hardening, echoing and reinterpreting the Exodus reports including 9:35.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he did not send the children of Israel, just as YHWH had spoken by the hand of Moses.
- And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not send the Israelites, just as YHWH had spoken by the hand of Moses.
And YHWH said to Moses, 'Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh and say to him, Thus says YHWH, the God of the Hebrews: Send my people, that they may serve me.'
For this time I am sending all my plagues against your heart, and against your servants and your people, in order that you may know that there is none like me in all the earth.
For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people with pestilence, and you would have been wiped out from the earth. But indeed, for this reason I have caused you to stand: to show you my power, and in order that my name may be proclaimed in all the earth.
You are still exalting yourself against my people by refusing to send them.
Behold, at this time tomorrow I am causing to rain down very heavy hail, such as has not been in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. And now, send and bring to safety your livestock and all that is yours in the field; every human and beast that is found in the field and is not gathered into the house—the hail will come down on them and they will die.
He who feared the word of YHWH among the servants of Pharaoh drove his servants and his livestock into the houses. But he who did not set his heart to the word of YHWH left his servants and his livestock in the field. And YHWH said to Moses, 'Stretch out your hand toward the heavens, and there will be hail over all the land of Egypt—on humans and on animals and on every plant of the field in the land of Egypt.' And Moses stretched out his staff toward the heavens, and YHWH gave thunders and hail, and fire went down to the earth; and YHWH rained hail on the land of Egypt. And there was hail, and fire flaming within the hail, very heavy—such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. And the hail struck in all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, from human to beast; and every plant of the field the hail struck, and every tree of the field it shattered.
Only in the land of Goshen, where the sons of Israel were, there was no hail. And Pharaoh sent and called to Moses and to Aaron and said to them, 'I have sinned this time. YHWH is the Righteous One, and I and my people are the wicked.'
Plead with YHWH—enough of the thunders of God and hail!—and I will send you out, and you shall no longer remain. And Moses said to him, 'As I go out of the city I will spread out my palms to YHWH; the thunders will cease and there will be no more hail, so that you may know that the earth belongs to YHWH.' But as for you and your servants, I know that you do not yet fear YHWH God. Now the flax and the barley were struck, for the barley was in the ear and the flax was in bud. But the wheat and the spelt were not struck, for they are late. And Moses went out from Pharaoh, out of the city, and spread out his palms to YHWH; and the thunders and the hail ceased, and the rain no longer poured down to the earth. And Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders had ceased, and he added to sin and made his heart heavy, he and his servants. And Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he did not send the sons of Israel, just as YHWH had spoken by the hand of Moses.