Psalms 15–5
Psalm 15:1-5
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Psa.15.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מזמור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- יגור: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- באהלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,sg
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- ישכן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- קדשך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,ms
Parallels
- Psalm 24:3-4 (verbal): Nearly identical concern and language—Who may ascend/stand on the LORD’s hill/holy place? Both ask who may be in God’s presence and link that status to moral purity.
- Psalm 27:4 (thematic): Davidic desire to ‘dwell in the house of the LORD’—echoes Psalm 15’s question about who is permitted to live in God’s presence.
- Psalm 84:4 (thematic): ‘Blessed are those who dwell in your house’—celebrates the blessedness of those who reside in God’s sanctuary, paralleling Psalm 15’s focus on dwelling with God.
- Isaiah 33:15 (thematic): Lists ethical prerequisites for those who will ‘dwell on the heights’—a prophetic counterpart to Psalm 15’s catalog of moral requirements for dwelling in God’s holy hill.
- Exodus 25:8 (allusion): The foundational Torah promise to build a sanctuary ‘that I may dwell among them’ provides the cultic and theological backdrop for Psalm 15’s question about who may dwell in God’s holy place.
Alternative generated candidates
- A psalm of David. The LORD—who may dwell in your tent? Who may abide on your holy hill?
- A psalm of David. O LORD, who may dwell in your tent? Who may abide on your holy hill?
Psa.15.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הולך: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ופעל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- צדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ודבר: VERB,qal,fut,3,m,sg
- אמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בלבבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 33:15 (verbal): Closely parallel wording: both speak of one who 'walks' righteously/uprightly and 'speaks' truth or upright speech, linking conduct and speech as marks of the righteous.
- Psalm 24:4 (thematic): Similar emphasis on moral purity and upright walk — 'he who has clean hands and a pure heart' parallels walking blamelessly and inner truthfulness.
- Micah 6:8 (thematic): Summarizes required ethical life—'act justly, love mercy, walk humbly'—resonating with Psalm 15's call to righteous deeds and integrity.
- Proverbs 12:22 (thematic): Contrasts lying lips with those who act faithfully; echoes Psalm 15's valuation of truthfulness and righteous behavior over deceit.
- Psalm 26:1-3 (structural): David's plea based on walking in integrity and not sitting with deceitful men parallels Psalm 15's criterion of blameless walking, righteous deeds and truthfulness of heart.
Alternative generated candidates
- He who walks blamelessly, does what is right, and speaks truth in his heart.
- He who walks blamelessly and does what is right, who speaks truth in his heart.
Psa.15.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לא: PART_NEG
- רגל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- לשנו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לרעהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וחרפה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- נשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- קרבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 19:16 (verbal): Directly forbids talebearing/slander (Heb. 'do not go about as a talebearer'), matching Psalm's 'not a talebearer' injunction against harming a neighbor by speech.
- Proverbs 11:13 (thematic): Wisdom contrast between a gossip who betrays confidences and the trustworthy person—echoes Psalm's prohibition of slander and harming one's neighbor by words.
- Proverbs 20:19 (verbal): Warns against associating with a slanderer/whisperer who reveals secrets, closely paralleling Psalm 15:3's condemnation of harmful speech and taking up reproach.
- Ephesians 4:29 (thematic): New Testament ethical teaching forbidding corrupting or unwholesome talk and urging speech that builds up—reflects the Psalm's demand for blameless, non-harmful speech toward neighbors.
- James 4:11 (thematic): Explicit admonition 'do not speak evil against one another' (do not slander) parallels the Psalm's prohibition of reproach and injurious speech toward others.
Alternative generated candidates
- He puts no stumbling-block with his tongue; he does no harm to his neighbor, and does not take up a reproach against his friend.
- He does not slander with his tongue; he does no wrong to his neighbor; he does not take up a reproach against his companion.
Psa.15.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נבזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בעיניו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- נמאס: ADJ,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- יראי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- יכבד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- נשבע: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- להרע: VERB,qal,inf
- ולא: CONJ
- ימר: VERB,qal,impf,3,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 24:3-6 (verbal): Both ask who is worthy to approach the LORD and emphasize moral purity and truthful speech; Psalm 24:4 speaks of not swearing deceitfully, paralleling Ps 15:4's oath-integrity language ('swears to his hurt and does not change').
- Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (thematic): Legal instruction to fulfill vows made to the LORD and not delay payment; thematically parallels Ps 15:4's insistence on keeping an oath even to one's own hurt.
- Leviticus 19:32 (thematic): Commands showing honor to the aged and includes 'and fear your God'—resonates with Ps 15:4's contrast of despising the vile but honoring those who fear Yahweh.
- Matthew 5:33-37 (thematic): Jesus' teaching against swearing and for simple, trustworthy speech ('let your Yes be Yes') echoes Ps 15:4's valuation of keeping one's oath and not reneging, even at personal cost.
Alternative generated candidates
- He despises a vile person; he honors those who fear the LORD. He swears to his own hurt and does not change.
- He despises a vile person and loathes what is shameful; but he honors those who fear the LORD. He keeps his oath even to his hurt and does not change.
Psa.15.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כספו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m
- לא: PART_NEG
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בנשך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושחד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- נקי: ADJ,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- ימוט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 22:25 (verbal): Direct legal prohibition against lending at interest to a fellow Israelite—parallels Psalm 15:5's 'not put out his money to interest' (כספו לא־נתן בנשך).
- Leviticus 25:35-37 (thematic): Law commanding care for needy kin and forbidding charging interest—echoes the ethical stance of Psalm 15 against usury toward one's neighbor.
- Deuteronomy 16:19 (verbal): Explicit injunction not to accept a bribe or pervert justice ('neither take a gift')—parallels Psalm 15:5's 'nor taketh reward against the innocent' (ושחד על־נקי לא לקח).
- Psalm 112:6-8 (thematic): Promise that the righteous are established and 'shall not be moved'—parallels Psalm 15:5's concluding assurance that one who does these things 'shall never be moved.'
Alternative generated candidates
- He does not lend his money at interest, nor take a bribe against the innocent. Whoever does these things will never be moved.
- He does not put out his money at interest, nor take a bribe against the innocent. He who does these things shall never be moved.
A psalm of David. The LORD—who may dwell in your tent? Who may live on your holy hill?
He who walks blamelessly and does what is right, who speaks truth in his heart.
He does not slander with his tongue; he does no wrong to his neighbor, and he does not take up a reproach against his close friend.
In his eyes a vile person is despised, but he honors those who fear the LORD; he swears to his own hurt and does not change.
He does not put out his money at interest, nor accept a bribe against the innocent; whoever does these things shall never be moved.