The List of Returning Exiles
Ezra 2:1-70
Ezr.2.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- המדינה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- העלים: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- משבי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגולה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הגלה: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- נבוכדנצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לבבל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישובו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- לירושלם: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg
- ויהודה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעירו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:6 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and purpose: Nehemiah 7 repeats the list and introduction of those who 'came up out of the captivity' and 'returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his city.'
- Ezra 1:1-4 (structural): Sets the immediate historical context: Cyrus' decree permitting exiles to return and rebuild Jerusalem/Temple explains the movement of the province's people back to their cities.
- 2 Chronicles 36:22-23 (quotation): Parallel account of Cyrus' proclamation (quoted elsewhere in Ezra) that authorized the Jews' return from Babylon, providing the royal authorization behind the return mentioned in Ezra 2:1.
- Jeremiah 29:10 (thematic): Prophetic background: Jeremiah's promise that after seventy years God would bring the exiles back to Jerusalem frames the theological rationale for the return from Babylon.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-2 (thematic): Post-exilic summary of who dwelt in Jerusalem and those returned from exile; echoes the concern with settlement and genealogical/communal identity found in Ezra's list of returnees.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the men of the province who came up from the captivity, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had carried away to Babylon, and who returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his city.
- These are the people of the province who had been brought back from the exile, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had carried into exile to Babylon, and who returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his town.
Ezr.2.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אשר: PRON,rel
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עם: PREP
- זרבבל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ישוע: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- נחמיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רעליה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מרדכי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בלשן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- בגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רחום: ADJ,m,sg
- בענה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- עם: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:7 (verbal): A near‑verbatim repetition of the list of leaders who came with Zerubbabel (Jeshua/Joshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, etc.), showing the same roster in the parallel restoration narrative.
- Ezra 3:2 (structural): Describes the same leaders (Jeshua the high priest and Zerubbabel) taking the initiative in the early stages of the post‑exilic restoration (altar and worship), continuing the narrative role introduced in Ezra 2:2.
- Haggai 1:12 (thematic): Portrays Zerubbabel and Jeshua responding obediently to the prophetic word of Haggai — thematically linked to Ezra 2:2’s identification of these leaders as central figures in the community’s restoration.
- Zechariah 4:6-10 (thematic): Addresses Zerubbabel and Joshua (Jeshua) together, promising God's help in rebuilding the temple; thematically connects to Ezra 2:2 by highlighting the paired leadership of Zerubbabel and Jeshua in the rebuilding project.
Alternative generated candidates
- Who came with Zerubbabel: Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, and Bilshan—according to the number of the men of Israel.
- Who came with Zerubbabel: Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Nehum, and Baanah— they came as the number of the men of Israel.
Ezr.2.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- פרעש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- שבעים: NUM,card,m,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:7 (quotation): Nehemiah 7 reproduces the Ezra 2 list almost verbatim; it records ‘the sons of Phares: 1,172,’ directly paralleling Ezra 2:3.
- Genesis 46:12 (allusion): Lists Perez (Phares) among Judah’s sons and names his descendants (Hezron, Hamul), providing the ancestral origin for the clan named in Ezra 2:3.
- 1 Chronicles 2:4-5 (verbal): Chronicles preserves the genealogy of Perez’s descendants (the house of Perez), parallel to Ezra’s identification of the returned clan ‘sons of Phares.’
- Ruth 4:18-22 (structural): Gives the genealogical line from Perez down to David; thematically related as the broader pedigree and significance of the Perez clan named in Ezra 2:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Parosh, two thousand one hundred seventy-two.
- The sons of Parosh, one thousand seven hundred seventy-two.
Ezr.2.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שפטיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שבעים: NUM,card,m,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:7 (verbal): Direct parallel/duplicate list in Nehemiah's census: 'the sons of Shephatiah, three hundred seventy and two' — same family-name and number as Ezra 2:4.
- 1 Esdras 5:4 (structural): Greek/Septuagint-related recension of Ezra–Nehemiah preserves the returnee lists; the entry for the sons of Shephatiah corresponds to Ezra 2:4.
- Ezra 2:2 (structural): Another line in the same Ezra 2 census list (sons of Parosh, etc.); parallels Ezra 2:4 by following the same documentary formula of family name plus numerical tally.
- 1 Chronicles 9:2 (thematic): Chronicles' account of those dwelling in Jerusalem after the exile/return shares the broader theme of repopulation and lists of returned exiles, providing a thematic parallel to Ezra's census entries.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Shephatiah, three hundred seventy-two.
- The sons of Shephatiah, three hundred seventy-two.
Ezr.2.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ארח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- חמשה: NUM,m,pl
- ושבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:8 (quotation): Nehemiah repeats Ezra's returnee list almost verbatim; the entry for the sons of Harim appears with the same count (375) in Nehemiah's census.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3 (thematic): Chronicles presents a post‑exilic roster of those living in Jerusalem and returned exiles, thematically parallel to Ezra's enumerations of clans and households.
- Ezra 2:1 (structural): The opening verse of Ezra 2 frames the same census/register that yields the individual clan entries such as the sons of Harim; it provides the immediate literary context for verse 5.
- Ezra 2:64 (thematic): The summary and concluding remarks on the returnees and temple servants in Ezra 2 tie to the counting and registration concerns exemplified by individual clan totals like Harim's.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Arah, seven hundred seventy-five.
- The sons of Arah, seven hundred seventy-five.
Ezr.2.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- פחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לבני: PREP
- ישוע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יואב: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שמנה: NUM,card,f,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:11 (verbal): Nehemiah repeats the returnees' registry nearly verbatim; the same clan name(s) and headcount appear in Nehemiah's parallel list.
- 1 Esdras 5:10 (quotation): The Greek recension (1 Esdras) preserves a parallel version of the Ezra–Nehemiah exile lists, giving the same family grouping and numbers.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): This verse is part of the larger Ezra 2 census/list of returnees; the chapter as a whole is the immediate structural context for the verse.
- Ezra 8:1-14 (thematic): Ezra 8 contains another roster of returnees (families and priests) and parallels Ezra 2 thematically as a record of those who returned from Babylon.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Pahath‑Moab, of the sons of Jeshua and Joab, two thousand eight hundred twelve.
- The sons of Pahath‑Moab, of the sons of Jeshua and Joab, one thousand eight hundred twelve.
Ezr.2.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- וארבעה: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:7-13 (quotation): Nehemiah preserves the same list of returnees and their numbers; the listing for the families of Elam (same designation and number) appears in this parallel account.
- Ezra 8:1-14 (thematic): Another post-exilic roster—Ezra records the families and numbers of those who returned with Ezra, reflecting the same concern for genealogies and group counts as in Ezra 2.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-3 (thematic): Chronicles summarizes post-exilic resettlement and genealogies in Jerusalem, echoing the theme of return and population lists found in Ezra 2.
- Ezra 1:5 (thematic): The royal proclamation calling exiles to return to Judah sets the historical and theological context for the lists in Ezra 2 (including the families such as Elam) and explains why groups returned and were enumerated.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Elam, one thousand two hundred fifty-four.
- The sons of Elam, one thousand two hundred fifty‑four.
Ezr.2.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- זתוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תשע: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:13 (verbal): Direct duplicate of the entry for the sons of Zattu in the parallel list of returnees, giving the same number (945).
- 1 Esdras 5:8 (verbal): Greek/LXX recension parallel to Ezra–Nehemiah that preserves the same family name and number in the catalogue of returnees.
- Ezra 2:64 (structural): The overall census total for the returning exiles; this verse provides the broader context into which individual family counts like Zattu’s (v.8) fit.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Zattu, nine hundred forty-five.
- The sons of Zattu, nine hundred forty‑five.
Ezr.2.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- זכי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וששים: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:12 (verbal): A near-verbatim parallel in Nehemiah’s list of returnees: the family of Zaccai/Zakkai is listed with the same number (760), showing the two books preserve the same census entry.
- Nehemiah 7:6-73 (structural): The entire chapter in Nehemiah reproduces Ezra 2’s roster of returned exiles; Ezra 2:9 forms one entry in this larger, structurally parallel enumeration.
- Ezra 2:64 (structural): Ezra 2:64 gives the total number of the returnees (42,360); individual family counts such as the 760 of Zaccai feed into this cumulative total.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3 (thematic): Chronicles also reflects the postexilic resettlement of Jerusalem (listing families and residents who returned), thematically paralleling Ezra’s census of returning families.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Zakkai, seven hundred sixty.
- The sons of Zakkai, seven hundred sixty.
Ezr.2.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:13 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 repeats Ezra 2's roster of returnees almost verbatim; this verse corresponds to the same family-count entry in the parallel list.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3 (structural): A post-exilic list of inhabitants/residents in Jerusalem; parallels Ezra 2's concern with families and numbers resettling the land.
- Ezra 2:64 (thematic): Another verse in the same chapter that gives the aggregate census of returnees—this individual family count functions as part of that overall numeric accounting.
- Ezra 1:5 (thematic): The decree and call to return set the context for Ezra 2's listings; thematically linked as the cause of the family counts recorded in Ezra 2:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Bebai, six hundred forty-two.
- The sons of Binnui, six hundred forty‑two.
Ezr.2.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:14 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 reproduces the Ezra 2 returnee-list; it contains the entry for the family/name Bani as part of the same post-exilic census (verbal and structural parallel).
- 1 Esdras 5:11 (verbal): The Greek 1 Esdras (an alternate version of the Ezra–Nehemiah material) includes a parallel census list and the corresponding entry for Bani, reflecting the same tradition as Ezra 2.11.
- Ezra 2:10 (structural): An adjacent verse in the same chapter; Ezra 2.10–12 form a contiguous sequence of family entries (including Bani) within the larger returnee register, illustrating its internal structural context.
- Ezra 2:1–70 (thematic): The entire chapter is a post-exilic census of returnees to Jerusalem; Ezra 2.11 is one item in this thematic catalogue of families and numbers reconstructing the community after the Babylonian exile.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Binnui, six hundred twenty-three.
- The sons of Bebai, six hundred twenty‑three.
Ezr.2.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עזגד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:18 (verbal): Exact repetition of the entry — 'the sons of Azgad, 1,222' appears verbatim in Nehemiah's list of returnees.
- Ezra 2:1 (structural): The chapter heading that initiates the same cataloguing program of families and numbers to which v.12 belongs (the list of those who returned).
- Nehemiah 7:5–7 (structural): Nehemiah repeats the same census/list framework found in Ezra 2 (introduction and arrangement of family-by-family returnee counts).
- Ezra 2:64 (thematic): Gives the total number of the returnees (42,360), placing the individual family figures like v.12 within the larger census and restoration context.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Azgad, one thousand two hundred twenty-two.
- The sons of Azgad, one thousand two hundred twenty‑two.
Ezr.2.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אדניקם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ששים: NUM,card
- וששה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:20 (quotation): Nehemiah 7 repeats Ezra's list of returnees almost verbatim; here the 'sons of Adonikam' are also given as 666, making this a direct parallel and textual doublet.
- 1 Esdras 5:13 (quotation): The Greek work 1 Esdras preserves an alternative version of the Ezra–Nehemiah returnee lists and likewise records the 'sons of Adonikam' with the number 666, functioning as a parallel witness to the same tradition.
- Revelation 13:18 (verbal): While the contexts differ drastically, Revelation famously cites the number 666 as the 'number of the beast'; this creates a notable numerical/verbal parallel with the population figure given for Adonikam's sons in Ezra 2:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Adonikam, six hundred sixty-six.
- The sons of Adonikam, six hundred sixty‑six.
Ezr.2.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- וששה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:20-24 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 repeats the Ezra 2 returnees list; these verses correspond to the same family-name entry and census numbers, preserving the same names and figures (verbal parallel).
- 1 Chronicles 9:4-12 (structural): 1 Chronicles preserves postexilic genealogical material and lists of returned exiles/households; it functions as a parallel genealogical/registration tradition to Ezra 2 (structural parallel in purpose and content).
- Ezra 8:1-14 (structural): Ezra 8 gives another roster of heads of families who returned to Judah (those who accompanied Ezra), showing the same genre of returned-exile lists and emphasizing continuity of family-head registrations (structural/thematic parallel).
- Ezra 1:1-4 (thematic): Ezra 1 records the decree of Cyrus and the initial call for exiles to return — the historical/thematic background that explains the presence of the family lists in Ezra 2 (thematic parallel).
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Bigvai, two thousand fifty-six.
- The sons of Bigvai, one thousand fifty‑six.
Ezr.2.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארבע: NUM,card,f
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- וארבעה: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:18 (quotation): Repeats the same entry and number for the descendants of Adin (454), a near-verbatim duplication of Ezra’s census list.
- Nehemiah 7:6-73 (structural): Contains the full parallel census list of returnees that corresponds to Ezra 2 (the same structural catalogue of families and numbers).
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): Ezra 2 as a whole is the immediate context—the chapter’s census in which verse 15 appears, listing families and precise numbers of those returning from exile.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3-4 (thematic): Lists inhabitants/returnees associated with Jerusalem after the exile; thematically parallel in preserving names and groups connected with resettlement and restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Adin, four hundred fifty-four.
- The sons of Adin, four hundred fifty‑four.
Ezr.2.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אטר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליחזקיה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תשעים: NUM,card,pl,m
- ושמנה: NUM,card,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:20 (quotation): Direct repetition of the entry for the family of Ater of Hezekiah with the same number (ninety and eight) in the Nehemiah census list.
- Nehemiah 7:5-73 (structural): Nehemiah repeats Ezra's entire register of the exiles who returned from Babylon; Ezra 2 and Nehemiah 7 are parallel lists arranged in the same order.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-34 (thematic): Post‑exilic genealogical summary and lists of inhabitants/returnees in Jerusalem that function similarly to Ezra's catalogue of returning families.
- Numbers 26:1-65 (thematic): An earlier Israelite census tradition: enumerating clans and family heads analogous to Ezra's listing of families and numbers among God's people.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Ater, of Hezekiah, ninety‑seven.
- The sons of Ater of Hezekiah, ninety‑seven.
Ezr.2.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:22 (verbal): Direct, near-verbatim repetition of the Ezra 2 list: the same family ('sons of Bani') and the same numeric entry appear in Nehemiah's roster of returnees.
- Nehemiah 7:7 (structural): Introduction to the Nehemiah chapter that duplicates Ezra 2's census/listing of those who returned from exile; it frames the same catalogue of families and numbers.
- 1 Chronicles 9:4 (thematic): Chronicles preserves lists of post-exilic inhabitants/returnees in Jerusalem and so parallels Ezra's genealogical/census material in purpose and content.
- Ezra 2:16 (structural): A neighboring entry in the same chapter; exemplifies the parallel, systematic listing of family names and headcounts that characterizes Ezra 2.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Bezai, three hundred twenty‑three.
- The sons of Bezai, three hundred twenty‑three.
Ezr.2.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יורה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:22 (verbal): Direct parallel/duplicate of Ezra 2:18 in the Nehemiah recension — the same clan name ('sons of Jorah') and the same number (112) in the post‑exilic returnee census.
- 1 Esdras 5:18 (verbal): Greek/Septuagint tradition parallel to Ezra/Nehemiah’s returnee lists; repeats the same clan entry and number, reflecting the same source census.
- Ezra 2:1 (chapter context) (structural): Structural parallel: Ezra 2 as a whole is the post‑exilic census list; verse 2:18 is one entry within this larger cataloguing of returning families and their numbers, framing the verse’s function and purpose.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Jorah, one hundred twelve.
- The sons of Jorah, one hundred twelve.
Ezr.2.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:24 (verbal): The Nehemiah list repeats the Ezra returnee register; the same clan name and number (sons of Hassam, 223) appear verbatim in the parallel census of returnees.
- Nehemiah 7:23-25 (structural): Adjacent entries in Nehemiah's parallel list correspond to the surrounding clan entries in Ezra 2, showing the same sequence and structure of family-name plus numeric totals.
- Ezra 2:1 (structural): The opening verse of the chapter introduces the census of those who returned from exile; Ezra 2:19 is one entry within this larger structural list of clans and numbers.
- Ezra 2:64 (thematic): This verse gives the overall total of returnees; it thematically connects to individual clan tallies like Ezra 2:19, which contribute to the chapter’s cumulative population count.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Hashum, two hundred twenty‑three.
- The sons of Hashum, two hundred twenty‑three.
Ezr.2.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- תשעים: NUM,card,pl,m
- וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:29 (verbal): The same entry in the parallel returnee list in Nehemiah (the men of Gibeon, 95) — a near verbatim repetition of Ezra's census.
- Joshua 9:3–27 (thematic): Accounts the origin and special status of the Gibeonites in Israel's history (the inhabitants of Gibeon), providing background for references to that community among later lists of peoples.
- Joshua 10:6, 12–14 (thematic): Describes the major military episode at Gibeon (the battle and the miracle of the sun), linking the place-name in Ezra's list to prominent events associated with Gibeon in Israelite tradition.
- 2 Samuel 21:1–9 (thematic): Narrates David's dealings with the Gibeonites (restitution for Saul's actions), another significant post‑conquest occurrence involving the people of Gibeon that sheds light on their identity and history.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Gibbar, ninety‑five.
- The sons of Gibbar, ninety‑five.
Ezr.2.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:26 (verbal): The list of returnees in Nehemiah repeats the same town-entry (Bethlehem) and the enumeration found in Ezra 2, preserving the same census tradition.
- Ruth 1:1-2 (thematic): Bethlehem (Ephrathah) is the setting for the story of Naomi and Ruth, linking the town to post‑judahite life and the genealogy that leads to the Davidic line—background for why Bethlehem’s inhabitants matter in restoration lists.
- 1 Samuel 17:12 (thematic): Jesse, father of David, is identified as a Bethlehemite; this association highlights Bethlehem’s identity as the hometown of David and explains the prominence of its population in postexilic records.
- Micah 5:2 (thematic): The prophetic oracle names Bethlehem as the small but significant birthplace of a future ruler; thematically this underscores Bethlehem’s theological importance beyond its numerical entry in the returnee lists.
Alternative generated candidates
- The men of Bethlehem, one hundred twenty‑three.
- The men of Bethlehem, one hundred twenty‑three.
Ezr.2.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- נטפה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- וששה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:26 (verbal): A near-verbatim parallel in Nehemiah’s duplicate census list: records the men of Netophah as fifty-six, matching Ezra 2:22.
- Ezra 2:1–70 (structural): Verse 22 is one entry within the chapter-wide catalog of returnees from Babylon; the whole section functions as a census/listing of families and towns.
- Nehemiah 11:27 (thematic): In the list of inhabitants settled in and around Jerusalem, Netophah (the Netophathites) appears among the villages—showing continuity with the population recorded in Ezra’s census.
- 1 Chronicles 9:16 (allusion): 1 Chronicles, in its post-exilic settlement material, mentions the Netophathites among those dwelling in Jerusalem/its environs, reflecting the same clan/traditional locality attested in Ezra 2:22.
Alternative generated candidates
- The men of Netophah, fifty‑six.
- The men of Netophah, fifty‑six.
Ezr.2.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ענתות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושמנה: NUM,card,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:27 (verbal): Lists the same group and the identical number — “the men of Anathoth, 128” — as a parallel/duplicate census entry in Nehemiah’s retelling of the returnees.
- Joshua 21:18 (thematic): Anathoth is named among the Levitical cities given to the priests (the town’s established priestly/Levitical identity explains why families from Anathoth appear in the returnee lists).
- 1 Chronicles 6:60 (structural): In the genealogical/topographical material about the Levites this passage (Chronicles’ list of Levitical towns) includes Anathoth, connecting the place-name in Ezra’s list to Levitical/priestly settlement records.
- Jeremiah 1:1 (thematic): Identifies the prophet Jeremiah as ‘of Anathoth,’ showing the town’s prominence and its association with priestly/prophetic families mentioned among returnees in Ezra.
Alternative generated candidates
- The men of Anathoth, one hundred twenty‑eight.
- The men of Anathoth, one hundred twenty‑eight.
Ezr.2.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עזמות: NOUN,m,sg,constr
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:26 (verbal): An almost identical entry in the duplicate list of returnees: 'the children of Azmaveth, forty-two.' (Neh 7 repeats Ezra 2 verbatim in many places.)
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): This verse is one line in the larger census/list of exiles who returned with Zerubbabel and Jeshua; the whole chapter functions as the structural context for the individual entries.
- Nehemiah 7:5-73 (structural): Nehemiah chapter 7 reproduces the Ezra 2 list as a parallel census of returnees; the chapter provides the broader parallel context for this specific entry.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-34 (thematic): A post‑exilic genealogical/household listing of inhabitants in Jerusalem that parallels the theme of returned families and census-style enumeration found in Ezra 2.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Azmaveth, forty‑two.
- The sons of Azmaveth, forty‑two.
Ezr.2.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- קרית: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- כפירה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובארות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:29 (quotation): Nehemiah 7 repeats the Ezra 2 census almost verbatim; the same towns (Kiriath‑arim/Kirjath‑jearim, Chephirah, Beeroth) and the same number (743) are listed, making this a direct quotation of the register.
- Joshua 9:17 (verbal): Joshua 9 lists the Gibeonite towns—Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kirjath‑jearim—showing the same set of place‑names in an earlier historical context and linking these locations to the Gibeonites.
- Joshua 18:25 (thematic): Joshua 18 (the allotment to Benjamin) includes Kirjath‑jearim/Chephirah/Beeroth among Benjaminite towns; this situates the same place‑names in the tribal/territorial framework that underlies later population lists.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Kiriath‑jearim, Chephirah and Beeroth, seven hundred forty‑three.
- The men of Kiriath‑jearim, Kephirah, and Beeroth, seven hundred forty‑three.
Ezr.2.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הרמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וגבע: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ואחד: CONJ+NUM,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:33 (quotation): The same entry appears in Nehemiah’s list of returnees: ‘the men of Rama and Gaba, 621,’ largely repeating Ezra’s census (direct textual parallel).
- Joshua 18:25–26 (thematic): Ramah and Gibeah (Geba) appear among the towns of the tribe of Benjamin in the territorial lists — shows continuity of these place‑names and their association with Benjamin’s population records.
- 1 Chronicles 9:8 (allusion): Chronicles preserves postexilic lists and Benjaminite settlements (including Ramah/Geba in related passages), paralleling Ezra’s concern with repopulation and genealogical/city registrations.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Ramah and Gaba, six hundred twenty‑one.
- The men of Ramah and Gaba, six hundred twenty‑one.
Ezr.2.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- מכמס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:30 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 contains a near-verbatim repetition of Ezra 2’s census of returnees; the same town-entry appears in Nehemiah’s parallel list (verbal parallel of the returnee register).
- Nehemiah 11:4–6 (thematic): These verses describe the resettling and repopulation of Jerusalem after the return from exile, thematically parallel to the town-by-town listings in Ezra 2 that record who returned and where they settled.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1–2 (structural): 1 Chronicles 9 provides a summarized register of those who returned and those who remained in the land after the exile, functioning as a structural parallel to Ezra’s detailed census lists.
- Ezra 1:5 (thematic): Ezra 1:5 records the initial call and authorization for exiles to return to Judah and rebuild — the historical initiative underlying the population register recorded in Ezra 2.
Alternative generated candidates
- The men of Michmas, one hundred twenty‑two.
- The men of Michmas, one hundred twenty‑two.
Ezr.2.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- והעי: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:32 (verbal): A nearly identical entry in the Nehemiah returnee list: 'Men of Bethel and Ai' with the same number (223), showing direct repetition of Ezra 2:28.
- 1 Chronicles 9:2 (structural): Chronicles preserves post‑exilic lists and registers of inhabitants/returnees similar in function and form to Ezra 2’s census of towns and people.
- Joshua 8:17 (thematic): Records the conquest of Ai; provides historical/topographical background for the town 'Ai' mentioned among the returnees in Ezra 2:28.
- Genesis 28:19 (thematic): Gives the origin and early significance of the place-name Bethel (Jacob’s naming), offering background for the presence of 'Bethel' in the Ezra returnee list.
Alternative generated candidates
- The men of Bethel and Ai, two hundred twenty‑three.
- The men of Bethel and Ai, two hundred twenty‑three.
Ezr.2.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- נבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:33 (verbal): Exact repetition of the roster entry—Nehemiah 7 reproduces Ezra 2's list: 'the sons of Nebo, fifty-two.'
- 1 Chronicles 9:38 (verbal): Chronicles preserves parallel genealogical/returnee lists and records the same family entry and number (the sons of Nebo, fifty-two).
- Nehemiah 7:6 (structural): Nehemiah 7 reproduces the entire structural census/roster found in Ezra 2; this verse introduces the same catalog of returning groups that includes the sons of Nebo.
- Numbers 1:2–3 (thematic): The census/roster genre: like Ezra 2:29, Numbers 1 gives systematic lists of clans and their numbers, reflecting the biblical practice of recording populations by family groups.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Nebo, fifty‑two.
- The men of Nebo, fifty‑two.
Ezr.2.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מגביש: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- וששה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:33 (quotation): Verbatim parallel listing — Nehemiah reproduces the same entry: 'the children of Magbish, an hundred fifty and six.' (Nehemiah 7 repeats Ezra's returnee census.)
- Nehemiah 7:1-73 (structural): The entire census list in Nehemiah corresponds to Ezra 2; Ezra 2:30 is one line in this larger structural parallel of returned exiles.
- 1 Esdras 5:33 (verbal): Greek/Septuagint tradition (1 Esdras) contains the equivalent entry for Magbish with the same number, reflecting the same source list as Ezra/Nehemiah.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): This verse functions as an individual entry within Ezra's own catalogue of returnees — the chapter's broader structural context for family-by-family counts.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Magbish, one hundred fifty‑six.
- The men of Magbish, one hundred fifty‑six.
Ezr.2.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחר: PREP
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- וארבעה: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:37 (verbal): Nehemiah repeats Ezra's returnee census almost verbatim; this verse lists 'the sons of Elam' with the same number (1,254) as Ezra 2:31.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): Ezra 2:31 is one entry in the broader chapter-long census of exiles who returned with Zerubbabel—this chapter provides the full structural context for the individual tally.
- Nehemiah 7:5-73 (structural): The entire chapter in Nehemiah duplicates Ezra's catalogue of returnees; comparing the two chapters is essential for understanding variants and the overall return narrative.
- Ezra 1:1-4 (thematic): Cyrus's decree initiating the return (Ezra 1) provides the historical/thematic background for the census entries in Ezra 2, explaining why groups such as the sons of Elam have recorded return numbers.
- 1 Esdras 5:23 (verbal): The Greek/Septuagint-related account in 1 Esdras preserves a parallel version of the Ezra/Nehemiah returnee lists, including the entry for Elam, and is useful for textual comparison.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Elam, again, one thousand two hundred fifty‑four.
- The rest of the men of Elam, one thousand two hundred fifty‑four.
Ezr.2.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:36 (verbal): The Nehemiah list repeats Ezra 2:32 almost word-for-word, giving the same entry for the 'sons of Harim' with the number 320 in the register of returnees.
- 1 Esdras 5:32 (verbal): The Greek witness (1 Esdras) preserves the same item in its parallel catalogue of those who returned, reproducing the 'sons of Harim' entry and number.
- 1 Chronicles 9:16 (thematic): Chronicles contains post-exilic population and genealogical lists that parallel Ezra's catalogue; Harim appears among families/inhabitants associated with the restored community, reflecting the same tradition of settlement after the exile.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Harim, three hundred twenty.
- The men of Harim, three hundred twenty.
Ezr.2.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- לד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חדיד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואונו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:38 (verbal): Direct parallel/replication of the same list and census figure (the inhabitants of Lod, Hadid, and Ono numbered 725).
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): Ezra 2:33 is one entry in the wider chapter census of returnees; the entire chapter provides the same structural inventory of towns/families counted in the return from exile.
- Nehemiah 11:35 (thematic): Lists the towns in Benjamin’s territory (including Lod, Hadid, and Ono) and their inhabitants, echoing the same communal/territorial associations for these settlements.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Lod, Hadid and Ono, seven hundred twenty‑five.
- The men of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty‑five.
Ezr.2.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ירחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:37 (verbal): Direct repetition of the Ezra 2 register: the entry for the people of Jericho with the same number (345) appears verbatim in Nehemiah's list.
- Nehemiah 7:36-38 (structural): Portion of Nehemiah 7 that reproduces the sequence of towns and headcounts found in Ezra 2, showing the same local groupings surrounding the Jericho entry.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3 (thematic): Chronicles summarizes the return and resettlement of Jerusalem’s inhabitants after the exile, thematically parallel to the population/census material in Ezra 2.
- Joshua 6 (thematic): The earlier narrative history of Jericho (its conquest and inhabitants) provides background for understanding the identity and significance of the 'men of Jericho' listed among the returnees in Ezra 2.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Jericho, three hundred forty‑five.
- The men of Jericho, three hundred forty‑five.
Ezr.2.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- סנאה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושש: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ושלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:37 (verbal): Direct parallel listing in Nehemiah's census: the ‘children of Senaah’ are given the identical number (3,630), essentially duplicating Ezra’s roster.
- Ezra 2:64 (structural): Later in the same chapter the total number of returnees (42,360) is recorded — the individual group counts such as Senaah’s feed into this overall census figure.
- Nehemiah 7:66 (structural): Nehemiah repeats the overall total found in Ezra 2:64, linking the individual household tallies (including Senaah’s 3,630) to the aggregate number of returnees.
- Ezra 1:1 (thematic): Provides the historical context for the list in Ezra 2: the decree of Cyrus enabling the return from Babylon, which produced the family-group listings (including the sons of Senaah).
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Senaah, three thousand six hundred thirty.
- The men of Senaah, three thousand six hundred thirty.
Ezr.2.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ידעיה: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- ישוע: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- תשע: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שבעים: NUM,card,m,pl
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:39 (verbal): Repeats the same return-list entry (priests, sons of Jedaiah of the house of Jeshua) with the identical number — a near-verbatim parallel to Ezra 2:36.
- Ezra 3:2 (thematic): Refers to Jeshua (Yeshua) the high priest and the priestly leadership among the returning exiles — connects the ‘house of Jeshua’ designation in Ezra 2:36 to the priestly restoration narrative.
- Zechariah 3:1–2 (allusion): Vision of Joshua (Jeshua) the high priest presented as the representative of restored priesthood; echoes the post‑exilic priestly identity associated with Jeshua in Ezra 2:36.
- 1 Chronicles 9:10 (thematic): Part of a post‑exilic/returnee catalog of priests and temple personnel; thematically parallels Ezra’s census‑style listing of priestly families (including those tied to Jeshua).
Alternative generated candidates
- The priests: the sons of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy‑three.
- The priests: the sons of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy‑three.
Ezr.2.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:40 (quotation): Nehemiah 7 reproduces the same roster of returnees found in Ezra 2; the entry for the sons of Bani appears again (with minor numeric variants in the manuscripts).
- Ezra 2:36 (structural): The immediately preceding entry in the same census/list of returnees — shows the same genre and method of enumerating family groups and numbers.
- Ezra 2:38 (structural): The immediately following entry in the Ezra 2 roster; illustrates the chapter's sequential listing of family heads and their counts, of which Bani is one example.
- Ezra 2:1 (thematic): The chapter heading/introduction framing the entire list of exiles who returned to Judah — Bani is one of the families included in this overall theme of restoration and resettlement.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Immer, one thousand fifty‑two.
- The sons of Immer, one thousand fifty‑two.
Ezr.2.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- פשחור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- ושבעה: NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:41 (verbal): Direct parallel/duplicate of Ezra’s register — lists the descendants of Pashhur with the same headcount (1,247) in the Nehemiah recension of the returnee list.
- Ezra 2:1 (structural): The opening verse of the same chapter that frames the entire register of those who returned from exile; Ezra 2:38 is one entry within this larger post‑exilic census.
- Jeremiah 20:1 (allusion): Mentions Pashhur (son of Immer), a priestly figure in Jeremiah’s time; connects the personal/priestly name Pashhur found in the exile‑return lists to earlier priestly bearers of the name.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1–3 (thematic): A post‑exilic/returnee summary in Chronicles that parallels Ezra’s interest in cataloguing families and priests who resettled in Jerusalem, comparable in purpose and content to Ezra’s census entries.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Pashhur, one thousand two hundred forty‑seven.
- The sons of Pashhur, one thousand two hundred forty‑seven.
Ezr.2.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושבעה: NUM,m,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:43 (verbal): The same family name ('sons of Harim') and the identical population figure (1,017) appear in the parallel list in Nehemiah, a near-verbatim repetition of Ezra 2:39.
- Ezra 2:1 (structural): Ezra 2:1 introduces the entire roster of returnees to which Ezra 2:39 belongs; the verse is part of the same structural census of exiles returning from Babylon.
- Nehemiah 7:6 (structural): Nehemiah 7:6 functions as the introduction to the same catalog of returnees in Nehemiah (parallel to Ezra 2), showing the lists in Ezra 2:39 and Nehemiah 7 derive from a common source or tradition.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3 (thematic): 1 Chronicles 9 recounts the resettling/repopulation of Jerusalem after the exile and lists families and returnees, thematically parallel to Ezra 2:39's record of returning clans (including Harim) and the restoration process.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Harim, one thousand and seventeen.
- The sons of Harim, one thousand seventeen.
Ezr.2.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישוע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקדמיאל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- הודויה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבעים: NUM,card,m,pl
- וארבעה: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:44 (verbal): Parallel return-list in Nehemiah giving the same Levite names (Jeshua and Kadmiel) and the same total (seventy-four).
- Ezra 3:2 (structural): Jeshua (the returned priest/Levite) appears again as a leading figure in the reestablishment of worship—shows his role among the returned Levites.
- Zechariah 3:1 (allusion): Addresses Joshua (Jeshua) the high priest after the exile; connects the name and priestly role of Jeshua in the postexilic community.
- 1 Chronicles 9:14 (thematic): A postexilic/return-era list of Levites and their duties in Jerusalem; thematically parallels Ezra’s enumeration of Levite families among the returning exiles.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Levites: Jeshua, Kadmiel and their sons, seventy‑four.
- The Levites: the sons of Jeshua and Kadmiel, of the sons of Hodaviah, seventy‑four.
Ezr.2.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- המשררים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אסף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושמנה: NUM,card,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:44 (quotation): The Nehemiah list largely duplicates Ezra’s exile register; this verse repeats the same group and the identical number (the singers, sons of Asaph, 128).
- 1 Chronicles 25:1–7 (structural): David’s formal organization and numbering of temple musicians (Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun and their divisions) parallels Ezra’s listing of the descendants of Asaph as appointed singers.
- 1 Chronicles 15:16–19 (thematic): Describes David’s appointment of Asaph and his relatives to lead music for worship—establishes the same cultic role attributed to the sons of Asaph in Ezra.
- 1 Chronicles 6:31–48 (allusion): Levitical genealogies and assignments include the family of Asaph among the temple musicians and priests, providing background to the Ezra census entry.
- 2 Chronicles 29:13–30 (thematic): Hezekiah’s reform reinstates Levites from the lines of Asaph (and others) as official singers—echoes the continual cultic function of Asaph’s descendants noted in Ezra.
Alternative generated candidates
- The singers: the sons of Asaph, one hundred twenty‑eight.
- The singers: the sons of Asaph, one hundred twenty‑eight.
Ezr.2.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- השערים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אטר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- טלמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עקוב: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חטיטא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שבי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ותשעה: CONJ+NUM,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezra 2:43-54 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same returnee list — further names and families connected to the temple servants and gatekeepers; same genre and composition within the chapter.
- Nehemiah 7:46-50 (verbal): Parallel list in Nehemiah, essentially repeating Ezra’s registry of returnees (including gatekeepers); many names and groupings are preserved, showing a direct textual dependence.
- 1 Chronicles 9:17-27 (thematic): Chronicles provides a comparable roster of gatekeepers and temple personnel in Jerusalem; parallels in function and some overlapping family-names reflect the same postexilic temple-administration tradition.
- 1 Chronicles 26:1-12 (thematic): Detailed listing and organization of gatekeepers (their families and duties) in Chronicles; echoes Ezra’s concern with the allocation of temple gate duties and genealogical order.
Alternative generated candidates
- The gatekeepers: the men of Shallum, of Ater, of Talmon, of Akkub, of Hatita, of Shobai—altogether one hundred thirty‑nine.
- The gatekeepers: the sons of Shallum, the sons of Ater, the sons of Talmon, the sons of Akkub, the sons of Hatita, the sons of Shobai— all one hundred thirty‑nine.
Ezr.2.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנתינים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ציחא: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חשופא: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- טבעות: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:46 (verbal): Direct parallel — Nehemiah repeats the Ezra 2 list of names (same group: 'the sons of Ziza, the sons of Hashupha, the sons of Tabeel/Tebah' in the returned exiles list).
- 1 Esdras 5:24 (verbal): Greek/Septuagint tradition (1 Esdras) preserves a corresponding roster of returnees that parallels the names found in Ezra 2:43.
- Ezra 2:1 (structural): Header/context for the entire chapter — introduces the group of returnees (those who came up with Zerubbabel), of which the named families in v.43 are a part.
- Ezra 1:1-4 (thematic): Background: Cyrus’s decree enabling the exiles to return and rebuild Jerusalem/Temple provides the historical-theological context for the lists of returnees recorded in Ezra 2.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3-4 (thematic): Chronicles contains a postexilic roster of inhabitants of Jerusalem that draws on the same returnee traditions as Ezra/Nehemiah, reflecting the settlement and family groups listed in Ezra 2.
Alternative generated candidates
- The temple servants: the sons of Zichai, the sons of Hashupha, the sons of Tabbaoth,
- The temple servants: the sons of Ziha, the sons of Hasupha, the sons of Tabbaoth.
Ezr.2.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- קרס: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- סיעהא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- פדון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7 (verbal): Chapter 7 of Nehemiah reproduces the list of exiles found in Ezra 2, largely verbatim, including the same family and clan names corresponding to Ezra 2:44.
- Ezra 2:43-45 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter: these adjacent verses form part of the contiguous genealogical catalogue of returning families of which Ezra 2:44 is one entry.
- 1 Chronicles 9 (thematic): Chapter 9 gives a postexilic roster of inhabitants and returned families in Jerusalem; thematically parallels Ezra’s catalogue of returned clans and resettlement.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): The entire chapter is a single, structured census/list of those who returned from exile; Ezra 2:44 is one element within this broader administrative/genealogical enumeration.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Keros, the sons of Siaha, the sons of Padon,
- The sons of Keros, the sons of Siaha, the sons of Padon.
Ezr.2.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- לבנה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חגבה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עקוב: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:48 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 repeats the Ezra 2 census almost verbatim; the same clan names (including Bnei‑Levanah, Bnei‑Hagabah, Bnei‑‛Eqob) appear in the parallel list of returning families.
- 1 Chronicles 9:8 (thematic): 1 Chronicles 9 contains post‑exilic lists of inhabitants and family groups in Jerusalem; thematically it parallels Ezra's clan/census lists that record the resettlement of families.
- Ezra 2:40 (structural): Other verses within Ezra 2 form part of the same structural census/listing of returning families and towns; Ezra 2:40–45 are contiguous entries in that roster of clans.
- Nehemiah 11:4 (thematic): Nehemiah 11 describes the repopulation of Jerusalem and the assignment of families to the city—echoing the broader theme of Ezra 2's register of returning clans and their settlement.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Lebanah, the sons of Hagaba, the sons of Akkub,
- The sons of Lebanah, the sons of Hagab, the sons of Akkub.
Ezr.2.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חגב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שלמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חנן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:48-50 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 repeats the same list of returnees found in Ezra 2; these verses correspond to the cluster of family names including the sons of Hagab, Salmai, and Hanan.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-34 (thematic): The Chronicler provides a genealogical account of Jerusalem's inhabitants and returned exiles that parallels Ezra's roster of families and names, reflecting overlapping traditions of the post‑exilic community.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): Ezra 2:46 is part of this larger catalogue of the exiles who returned with Zerubbabel; the surrounding verses list related family groups and totals, placing the verse within the full census context.
- Nehemiah 11:3 (thematic): Nehemiah 11 records the settlement of Jerusalem and mentions families and individuals established in the city after the return, thematically connected to the family lists in Ezra 2 that document who returned.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Hagab, the sons of Shalom, the sons of Hanan,
- The sons of Hagab, the sons of Shalmai, the sons of Hanan.
Ezr.2.47 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גדל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גחר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ראיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:49-51 (quotation): Nehemiah 7 repeats the catalog of returnees found in Ezra 2 nearly verbatim; the same family names and groupings are recapitulated.
- Ezra 2:40-48 (structural): Immediate context within the same chapter—a contiguous list of family names and numbers that includes and surrounds v.47, forming one continuous registry of returnees.
- Ezra 2:46 (verbal): An adjacent verse in the same genealogical list; shares the same format and sequence of family names, showing internal verbal parallelism within the registry.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3-34 (thematic): A post-exilic roster of those living in Jerusalem that overlaps in purpose and many family/office names with Ezra 2 (the returning exiles and inhabitants), reflecting the same restoration tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Giddel, the sons of Gahar, the sons of Reaiah,
- The sons of Giddel, the sons of Gahar, the sons of Reaiah.
Ezr.2.48 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- רצין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- נקודא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גזם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:54 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 reproduces the Ezra 2 roster of returnees almost verbatim; the same clan names occur in the parallel list of families who returned from exile.
- Ezra 2:43-50 (structural): These contiguous verses form the same genealogical/catalogue section in Ezra 2; verse 48 is one entry within this larger structural listing of clans and families.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-3 (thematic): Chronicles preserves postexilic population/genealogical material about those living in Jerusalem and Judah; while not repeating the exact names, it serves the same function of recording returned families and their settlements.
- Ezra 2:59-63 (allusion): These verses address related genealogical concerns (priests who could not prove their ancestry), highlighting the broader context and purpose of the lists in Ezra 2—including the enumeration in v.48.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Rezin, the sons of Nekoda, the sons of Gazzam,
- The sons of Rezin, the sons of Nekoda, the sons of Gazzam.
Ezr.2.49 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עזא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- פסח: ADJ,m,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בסי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:51-54 (structural): Nehemiah 7 repeats Ezra 2's roster of returnees almost verbatim; these verses correspond to the same sequence of clan names (Azza/Paseah/Besai) in the parallel list.
- Ezra 2:48-50 (verbal): Immediate verbal parallel within the same chapter: the surrounding verses contain the same contiguous list of family/clan names, showing these names are part of a larger enumeration of returnees.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-3 (thematic): 1 Chronicles 9 provides a post-exilic catalogue of inhabitants and returned exiles in Jerusalem, thematically parallel to Ezra's list of families who returned from Babylon.
- Ezra 2 (overall) (structural): The verse is part of the comprehensive Ezra 2 census of exiles; the chapter as a whole functions as a formal register of clans and heads of households returning to Judah.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Uzzi, the sons of Pasach, the sons of Bessi,
- The sons of Azah, the sons of Pasach, the sons of Besai.
Ezr.2.50 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אסנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מעונים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- נפוסים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:53 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 reproduces Ezra 2's list of returnees almost verbatim; the same clan names (including the sons of Asnah/Mehohan/Naphus) appear in the parallel catalog of those who returned.
- Ezra 2:43-54 (structural): Immediate internal parallel — this verse is part of the extended Ezra 2 catalogue of families and clans who returned from exile; the surrounding verses form a contiguous block of names and numbers.
- Ezra 8:1 (thematic): Ezra 8 contains another catalogue of persons who returned to Judah (those who accompanied Ezra). Though a different return, it shares the same genre and concern with family/clan lists and restoration of the community.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-34 (thematic): 1 Chronicles 9 presents a postexilic register of inhabitants and returning families in Jerusalem; thematically parallel in preserving genealogies and listing clans associated with the restoration of Israel.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Attai, the sons of Arah, the sons of Naphish,
- The sons of Asnah, the sons of Maon, the sons of Nefusim.
Ezr.2.51 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בקבוק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חקופא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חרחור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:54 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 repeats the Ezra 2 returnee list almost verbatim; the same family names (including Bakbuk, Hakupha, Harhur) appear in the parallel census.
- Ezra 2:49-53 (structural): Adjacent verses in the same chapter continue the same catalog of families and clans—shows this verse is part of the larger post‑exilic register/census.
- 1 Chronicles 9:23-27 (thematic): Chronicles preserves post‑exilic genealogical and residential lists in Jerusalem; though not always the identical names, it performs the same function of recording families and officials after the exile.
- Numbers 26:1-65 (thematic): The tribal and clan census in Numbers is an earlier example of the same literary genre—systematic listing of family/clan groupings that underlies Ezra’s registry of returnees.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Bakbuk, the sons of Hakupha, the sons of Harhur,
- The sons of Bakbuk, the sons of Hakupha, the sons of Harhur.
Ezr.2.52 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בצלות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מחידא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חרשא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:54 (quotation): Verbatim parallel — Nehemiah repeats the same roster of family names found in Ezra 2:52 as part of the returns list.
- Nehemiah 7:6-73 (structural): The entire chapter reproduces Ezra 2's census/list of returnees; Ezra 2:52 falls within this larger duplicated catalogue.
- Nehemiah 11:4-6 (thematic): Describes the repopulation of Jerusalem by families drawn from the returned exiles — a direct outcome theme of the lists in Ezra 2/Nehemiah 7.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-44 (thematic): Post-exilic/returnee lists and household/gatekeeper genealogies that overlap the broader concern with resettlement and family rolls found in Ezra 2.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Bazluth, the sons of Mehida, the sons of Harsha,
- The sons of Bazluth, the sons of Mehida, the sons of Harsha.
Ezr.2.53 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ברקוס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- סיסרא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- תמח: VERB,niphal,juss,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 contains a near‑verbatim parallel list of the exiles who returned from Babylon, repeating many of the same family names found in Ezra 2 (the same roster of returning households).
- Ezra 2:50–58 (structural): Immediate internal parallel within Ezra 2: the surrounding verses group and enumerate families and temple servants—Ezra 2:53 is part of this larger cataloguing of returned clans and priestly/servant groups.
- Ezra 8:1–14 (thematic): Another post‑exilic list of returnees, naming heads of families who returned with Ezra; thematically parallels Ezra 2's cataloguing of family groups and serves as a comparable roster of returned Israelite households.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1–4 (thematic): 1 Chronicles 9 provides a post‑exilic list of inhabitants, priests, and families in Jerusalem; it is thematically parallel as a genealogical/census‑style record of restored community membership after the exile.
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Barkos, the sons of Sisera, the sons of Temah,
- The sons of Barkos, the sons of Sisera, the sons of Tammah.
Ezr.2.54 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- נציח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חטיפא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:63 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 reproduces the registry found in Ezra 2; this verse corresponds to the same familial/town entry and repeats the name almost verbatim.
- Nehemiah 7:56-64 (structural): This block in Nehemiah mirrors the structural listing of families and towns found in Ezra 2 (the post‑exilic return roster), with the same sequence of names and groupings.
- 1 Chronicles 9:16 (thematic): 1 Chronicles preserves related lists of families, inhabitants, and officials in Jerusalem; thematically it parallels Ezra's concern with genealogical/settlement records and the identification of clans (echoing entries like the one in Ezra 2:54).
Alternative generated candidates
- the sons of Neziah, the sons of Hatipha.
- The sons of Neziah, the sons of Hatipha.
Ezr.2.55 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- סטי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הספרת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- פרודא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:58 (verbal): The same group/names are repeated almost verbatim in Nehemiah's parallel list of the returning exiles; a direct verbal parallel to Ezra 2:55.
- Ezra 2:54 (structural): Immediate preceding verse in the same enumerative list of families ('sons of the servants of Solomon'), providing direct contextual parallel within the chapter.
- Ezra 2:56 (structural): Immediate following verse continuing the enumeration of related family groups, showing the placement of verse 55 within the larger roll call of returnees.
- Ezra 1:5 (thematic): Broader thematic parallel — the summons to return to Judah and rebuild (leading to the detailed lists in Ezra 2), linking the family lists to the overall restoration movement.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of the servants of Solomon: the sons of Sotai, the sons of Sophereth, the sons of Peruda.
- The sons of the servants of Solomon, the sons of Sotai, the sons of Sophereth, the sons of Peruda.
Ezr.2.56 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- דרקון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גדל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:61-63 (quotation): Nehemiah 7 repeats the Ezra 2 list almost verbatim, including the groups unable to prove their ancestral records—direct literary parallel to Ezra 2:56.
- Ezra 2:59-63 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter: a contiguous set of verses naming those who could not show their fathers' houses, explaining the status of the names in 2:56.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3-4 (thematic): Chronicles presents genealogical lists of Jerusalem inhabitants and priestly families after the exile, addressing similar concerns about lineage and residence in Jerusalem.
- Nehemiah 11:3-5 (thematic): Lists of families settled in Jerusalem and the distribution of priests/Levites—parallel interest in who lived in the city and who served, echoing the household and lineage focus of Ezra 2:56.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Jaala, the sons of Darkon, the sons of Giddel.
- The sons of Jaala, the sons of Darkon, the sons of Giddel.
Ezr.2.57 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שפטיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חטיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- פכרת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הצביים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אמי: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:60 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 reproduces the list of returnees found in Ezra 2 nearly verbatim; this verse corresponds to the same cluster of clan names in Nehemiah’s catalogue.
- Ezra 2:56 (structural): The immediately preceding verse forms part of the same genealogical block and provides the direct literary context for v.57 within Ezra’s list of returning families.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-2 (thematic): 1 Chronicles 9 contains postexilic genealogical and resident lists for Jerusalem; it parallels Ezra 2 in genre and purpose (recording families, clans, and inhabitants after the exile).
- Ezra 8:2 (allusion): Later genealogical listings in Ezra (e.g., names and clans in ch.8) reflect recurring family/clan identities also attested in Ezra 2, showing continuity of these groups among returnees.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Shephatiah, the sons of Hattil, the sons of Pochereth of Zebaim, the sons of Ami.
- The sons of Shephatiah, the sons of Hattil, the sons of Pukhar, the sons of Amon.
Ezr.2.58 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- הנתינים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- תשעים: NUM,card,pl,m
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:60 (verbal): Direct duplicate of Ezra 2:58 in the Nehemiah census — same phrase about the Nethinim and 'sons of Solomon's servants' with the identical total (392).
- Nehemiah 7:61 (structural): Part of the larger Nehemiah 7 list that largely reproduces Ezra 2's census; shows that Nehemiah preserves Ezra's ordering and groupings of returnees, including the temple servants.
- 1 Chronicles 9:2 (thematic): Lists the returned inhabitants of Jerusalem and categories of temple personnel; parallels Ezra's census categories by including temple servants (the Nethinim) among those residing in Jerusalem after the exile.
- 1 Chronicles 9:17 (thematic): Describes the roles and duties of the Nethinim and other temple functionaries, connecting the postexilic temple-servant class mentioned in Ezra 2:58 with earlier chronicler traditions about their service in the house of the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the temple servants and the sons of the servants of Solomon were three hundred ninety‑two.
- All the temple servants and the sons of the servants of Solomon were three hundred ninety‑two.
Ezr.2.59 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- העלים: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- מתל: PREP
- מלח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרשא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- כרוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- יכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- להגיד: INF,hiph
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- וזרעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- מישראל: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:63 (verbal): Parallel, nearly identical wording listing the same groups (Nethinim) and stating they could not show their fathers' houses and lineage — a direct duplicate of Ezra's registry.
- Ezra 2:62 (thematic): Continues the same theme of uncertain genealogy: priests and Levites who could not prove their family lines are noted and treated as lacking record in the genealogies.
- Ezra 2:63 (structural): Gives the administrative outcome for those who could not prove descent (exclusion from holy things until a proper priest is found) — a procedural follow-up to the problem stated in 2:59.
- Nehemiah 7:65 (verbal): Another parallel in Nehemiah's duplication of Ezra's returnee lists; repeats the statement that certain groups could not show their ancestral houses and lineage.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these came up from the towns of Tel‑Melah, Tel‑Harsha, Kerub, Adin, and Tel‑Jah, near the river Chebar, and from the region beyond the river; but they could not show their father’s houses or their lineage—whether they belonged to Israel.
- And those who had come up from the towns of Tel‑Melah, Tel‑Harsha, Kerub, Addan and Immer— but they could not show their fathers' houses or their descent, whether they were of Israel—
Ezr.2.60 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- דליה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- טוביה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- נקודא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:63 (quotation): Verbatim parallel: Nehemiah repeats the same group names (sons of Deliah, Tobiah, Nekoda) and the identical total (652).
- Nehemiah 7:61-65 (structural): A block in Nehemiah’s census that corresponds to Ezra 2:58–63; the lists and subgroup totals are arranged in the same sequence and function as a parallel census record.
- Ezra 2:59 (structural): Immediate context within the same census listing (the surrounding verses enumerate related families and temple servants), showing this verse is part of a contiguous catalog of returnees.
- 1 Chronicles 9:2 (thematic): Chronicles presents a post‑exilic roster of inhabitants/returnees in Jerusalem; thematically parallels Ezra’s and Nehemiah’s genealogical/census listings of those who returned from exile.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Delaiah, the sons of Tobiah, the sons of Nekoda, six hundred fifty‑two.
- The sons of Delaiah, the sons of Tobiah, the sons of Nekoda, six hundred fifty‑two.
Ezr.2.61 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומבני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חביה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הקוץ: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ברזלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מבנות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ברזלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגלעדי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- שמם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:63-65 (quotation): Nehemiah repeats the same list of priestly families (Habaiah/Hebaiah, Hakkoz/Koz, Barzillai) and the problem of marriages to the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, essentially quoting Ezra's register.
- Ezra 2:62-63 (structural): Immediate continuation in Ezra explaining that these priests could not find their genealogical records and were therefore excluded from the priesthood until the matter could be resolved.
- 2 Samuel 19:31-39 (allusion): Mentions Barzillai the Gileadite, the notable namesake; the appearance of 'Barzillai the Gileadite' in both places links the ethnic/designation and may explain the origin of the family name cited in Ezra.
- Leviticus 21:7, 21:14 (thematic): Priestly marriage and purity regulations provide the legal/background context for concern over priests' marriages and the loss of status when marital practices contravened cultic requirements.
- Ezra 10:11 (thematic): Ezra's later injunction to separate from foreign wives addresses the same problem of intermarriage and cultic purity that explains why certain priestly families in Ezra 2:61 were noted/marked.
Alternative generated candidates
- And of the priests: the sons of Habaiah, the sons of Hakkoz, the sons of Barzillai, who had taken wives from the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite—and were called by their name.
- And of the priests: the sons of Habaiah, the sons of Hakkoz, the sons of Barzillai, who had taken for wives the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and were named after their people.
Ezr.2.62 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בקשו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- כתבם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,pl
- המתיחשים: ADJ,hitp,ptcp,-,m,pl,def
- ולא: CONJ
- נמצאו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,pl
- ויגאלו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- מן: PREP
- הכהנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:64 (verbal): Direct parallel in the Nehemiah list: the same claim that certain men sought their enrollment but were not found and so were excluded from the priesthood (verbal and narrative repetition of Ezra 2:62).
- Ezra 2:59-63 (structural): Immediate context in Ezra recounts the same problem: several priestly families could not establish their genealogies (2:59) and the subsequent ruling about priestly rights (2:63) — the verses form a unit with 2:62.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-2 (thematic): Deals with population counts and genealogical registration in post‑exilic/judahite context; thematically parallels the concern with recorded genealogies and who is 'registered' among Israel.
- Leviticus 21:17-23 (thematic): Prescribes conditions for priests and grounds for disqualification from priestly service; thematically related to the exclusion of those who cannot legitimately claim priestly descent in Ezra 2:62.
Alternative generated candidates
- These sought their registration among those enrolled in the genealogies, but they were not found; therefore they were excluded from the priesthood.
- These sought their registration, but it was not found; therefore they were excluded from the priesthood.
Ezr.2.63 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- התרשתא: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- יאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מקדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקדשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- עד: PREP
- עמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כהן: NOUN,m,sg,const
- לאורים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולתמים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:65 (verbal): Parallel account of the same incident: the governor (Tirshatha) forbids those unable to prove priestly descent from eating the sacred food until a priest with Urim and Thummim appears.
- Exodus 28:30 (verbal): Specifies the placing of the Urim and Thummim in the high priest's breastpiece and their role in bearing the judgment of Israel — background for the Ezra reference to a priest 'with Urim and Thummim.'
- Numbers 27:21 (verbal): Describes the priest consulting the Urim to give divine judgment for the leader (instruction for Joshua), illustrating the institutional use of Urim as a means of authoritative decision-making.
- 1 Samuel 30:7-8 (thematic): Example of consulting God through a priest (using the ephod) to obtain a divine decision about an uncertain question — thematically akin to seeking a ruling from a priest with Urim/Thummim in Ezra.
- Leviticus 22:10-16 (thematic): Laws restricting who may eat holy things (disqualifications for partaking of sacred food), which parallels Ezra's prohibition on those unable to prove priestly status from eating the 'most holy' portions.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the governor said to them that they should not eat of the holy things until there stood up a priest with Urim and Thummim.
- And the governor said to them that they should not eat of the most holy things until there should stand up a priest with Urim and Thummim.
Ezr.2.64 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כאחד: PREP
- ארבע: NUM,card,f
- רבוא: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ששים: NUM,card
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:66 (verbal): Almost verbatim repetition of the total number of the assembly (42,360) in Nehemiah’s duplicate version of the Ezra 2 returnee list.
- Ezra 8:1-14 (thematic): Another returnee roster in Ezra that lists family heads and numbers — thematically parallel as a census/listing of exiles who returned to Judah.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-3 (structural): Post-exilic list of inhabitants/returnees in Jerusalem; parallels Ezra 2’s function of recording resettlement and community composition after the exile.
- 2 Samuel 24:9 (thematic): An earlier biblical census passage giving tallied numbers of Israel’s fighting men; thematically related as an instance of Israelite population enumeration and summary totals.
Alternative generated candidates
- The whole congregation was together forty‑two thousand three hundred sixty.
- The whole assembly together was forty‑two thousand three hundred sixty.
Ezr.2.65 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מלבד: PREP
- עבדיהם: NOUN,m,pl,suff-3mp
- ואמהתיהם: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,suff-3mp
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ושבעה: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ולהם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- משררים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ומשררות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:67 (quotation): Almost verbatim repetition of Ezra 2:65 in the parallel returnee list: the number of male and female servants (7,337) and 200 singers is repeated.
- Ezra 2:64 (structural): The immediately preceding verse summarizes the total congregation and situates the mention of servants and singers within the larger census of returnees.
- 1 Chronicles 25:1 (thematic): Describes the organization and appointment of temple singers and musicians under David—parallel theme of designated singers serving in worship.
- Ezra 3:10-11 (thematic): Describes the singers and Levites praising and giving thanks at the laying of the temple foundation, reflecting the role of the singers listed among the returnees.
Alternative generated candidates
- Besides their menservants and their maidservants, seven thousand three hundred thirty‑seven; and they had two hundred singers and maid-singers.
- Besides their male and female servants: seven thousand three hundred thirty‑seven; and of these there were two hundred singers and female singers.
Ezr.2.66 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- סוסיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- שבע: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- וששה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl
- פרדיהם: NOUN,m,pl,suff:3mp
- מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:66 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and numbers—Nehemiah reproduces Ezra’s list of horses (736) and mules (245) for the returnees.
- Ezra 2:64 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter: the surrounding verses enumerate the resources and contributions of the returnees (silver, gold, offerings, and animals), of which v.66 is part.
- Ezra 1:7-11 (thematic): Cyrus’ decree and the restoration of temple vessels—another post‑exilic passage that records returned property and official inventories, thematically linked to Ezra’s cataloguing of resources.
- Numbers 31:32-34 (thematic): An earlier biblical example of precise enumeration of animals/booty in an official list—parallel in genre and method of listing livestock and counts.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their horses were seven hundred thirty‑six, their mules two hundred forty‑five.
- Their horses: seven hundred thirty‑six; their mules: two hundred forty‑five.
Ezr.2.67 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גמליהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- ארבע: NUM,card,f
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
- חמרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ששת: NUM,m,pl,cons
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:67 (verbal): Direct repetition of Ezra 2:67 in Nehemiah’s parallel census list — identical numbers for camels and donkeys.
- Ezra 2:64 (structural): Same chapter’s census context (total counts of the returnees); Ezra 2:67 functions as part of this larger list of people and possessions.
- Job 1:3 (thematic): Enumerates livestock (including camels and donkeys) as measures of wealth and household resources — similar motif of listing animals as possessions.
- Genesis 32:15 (thematic): Jacob’s gifts to Esau include camels and donkeys; camels/asses appear as valuable beasts used in travel and tribute, paralleling their role among the returnees.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their camels were four hundred thirty‑five, their donkeys six thousand seven hundred twenty.
- Their camels: four hundred thirty‑five; their donkeys: six thousand seven hundred twenty.
Ezr.2.68 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומראשי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- האבות: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בבואם: PREP+VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- התנדבו: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,pl
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- להעמידו: VERB,hiphil,inf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- מכונו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+poss:3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:70-72 (quotation): Direct parallel/duplicate account: the heads of the fathers give money, offerings and vessels for the house of God to support and establish the temple (same material reproduced in Nehemiah).
- Ezra 1:5 (verbal): Earlier Ezra passage describing heads of households bringing freewill offerings to rebuild the house of the LORD—similar wording and locus of leaders' voluntary giving for the temple.
- 1 Chronicles 29:2-5 (thematic): David and the leaders freely give treasures and call for willing offerings to prepare for the temple—theme of leaders’ voluntary contributions to establish God's house parallels Ezra’s report.
- 1 Chronicles 22:14-16 (structural): David’s organized provision of materials and solicitation of resources from leaders and officials for building the sanctuary—comparable structural role of community heads provisioning the temple project.
Alternative generated candidates
- And some of the heads of the fathers’ houses gave for the work to the house of the LORD at Jerusalem.
- And some of the heads of fathers' houses, when they came to the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, freely offered to the house of God to restore it on its site.
Ezr.2.69 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ככחם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff3mp
- נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- לאוצר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דרכמונים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רבאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ואלף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכסף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- חמשת: NUM,card,construct
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וכתנת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cs
- כהנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:69 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and numbers listing contributions of gold, silver, and priestly garments for the temple treasury (duplicate census/contribution report).
- Ezra 1:4 (thematic): Cyrus's decree inviting those who remain to help with silver and gold, goods and cattle—themewise background for voluntary contributions to rebuild the temple.
- 1 Chronicles 29:3-9 (thematic): David's voluntary gifts of gold, silver, and priestly/generous provisions for the house of the LORD echo the pattern of wealthy contributions and provision of garments for priests.
- Ezra 6:8-10 (structural): Royal instructions and official provision concerning silver, gold and resources for the rebuilding and maintenance of the temple—parallels the administrative/financial provisions recorded in Ezra 2:69.
Alternative generated candidates
- According to their ability they gave to the treasury of the work: gold—daric coins six hundred sixty and one thousand; silver—minas five thousand; and priestly garments, one hundred.
- According to their ability they gave to the treasury of the work: gold, darics—sixty‑one thousand; silver, minas—five thousand; and one hundred priestly garments.
Ezr.2.70 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והמשררים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- והשוערים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- והנתינים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- בעריהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,pl
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעריהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 7:73 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and listing of priests, Levites, singers, gatekeepers and Nethinim dwelling in their towns — a parallel repetition of the same resettlement description.
- 1 Chronicles 9:3 (verbal): Lists priests, Levites and Nethinim living in Jerusalem/its towns after the return, echoing the same groups and their settlement in cities.
- Joshua 21:41-42 (thematic): Describes the allotment of cities to the Levites and their dwelling therein — background precedent for Levitical residence in cities mentioned in Ezra.
- Numbers 35:1-3 (structural): The legal/structural basis for giving cities to the Levites (‘cities to dwell in’), which explains the institutional pattern reflected in Ezra’s statement.
Alternative generated candidates
- So the priests, the Levites, and the people— the singers and gatekeepers and the temple servants—dwelt in their cities; and all Israel dwelt in their cities.
- The priests and the Levites, and some of the people, the singers, the gatekeepers, and the temple servants, dwelt in their towns; and all Israel in their towns.
Now these are the men of the province who went up from the exile—the ones whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had deported to Babylon—and they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his town.
Who came with Zerubbabel: Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Rehum, and Baanah—men of Israel whose genealogy was recorded.
The sons of Parosh: 1,772.
The sons of Shephatiah: 372.
The sons of Arah: 775.
The sons of Pahath‑moab, of the sons of Jeshua and Joab: 1,812.
The sons of Elam: 1,254.
The sons of Zattu: 945.
The sons of Zaccai: 760.
The sons of Bani: 642.
The sons of Bebai: 623.
The sons of Azgad: 1,222.
The sons of Adonikam: 666.
The sons of Bigvai: 1,056.
The sons of Adin: 454.
The sons of Ater, of Hezekiah: 97.
The sons of Bezai: 323.
The sons of Jorah: 112.
The sons of Hashum: 223.
The sons of Gibbar: 95.
The men of Bethlehem: 123.
The men of Netophah: 56.
The men of Anathoth: 128.
The sons of Azmaveth: 42.
The men of Kiriath‑arim, Kephirah, and Beeroth: 743.
The men of Ramah and Geba: 621.
The men of Michmas: 122.
The men of Bethel and Ai: 223.
The sons of Nebo: 52.
The sons of Magbish: 156.
The sons of Elam (another company): 1,254.
The sons of Harim: 320.
The sons of Lod, Hadid, and Ono: 725.
The sons of Jericho: 345.
The sons of Senaah: 3,630.
The priests—the sons of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua: 973.
The sons of Immer: 1,052.
The sons of Pashhur: 1,247.
The sons of Harim: 1,017.
The Levites—the sons of Jeshua and Kadmiel, of the line of Hodaviah: 74.
The singers—the sons of Asaph: 128.
The gatekeepers—the sons of Shallum, Ater, Talmon, Akkub, Hatita, and Shobai: all 139.
The Nethinim—the descendants of Ziha, the descendants of Hasupha, the descendants of Tabbaoth,
the descendants of Keros, the descendants of Siaha, the descendants of Padon,
the descendants of Lebanah, the descendants of Hagabah, the descendants of Akkub,
the descendants of Hagab, the descendants of Shalmai, the descendants of Hanan,
the descendants of Giddel, the descendants of Gahar, the descendants of Reaiah,
the descendants of Rezin, the descendants of Nekoda, the descendants of Gazzam,
the descendants of Uzzi, the descendants of Paseah, the descendants of Besai,
the descendants of Asnah, the descendants of Meunim, the descendants of Nephusim,
the descendants of Bakbuk, the descendants of Hakupha, the descendants of Harhur,
the descendants of Betsluth, the descendants of Mehida, the descendants of Harsha,
the descendants of Barkos, the descendants of Sisera, the descendants of Temah,
the descendants of Neziah, the descendants of Hatipha.
The sons of the servants of Solomon were: the sons of Sotai, the sons of Sophereth, the sons of Peruda.
The sons of Jaala, the sons of Darkon, the sons of Giddel.
The sons of Shephatiah, the sons of Hattil, the sons of Pakkuth, the sons of Haruph.
All the Nethinim and the sons of the servants of Solomon were 392. And these men had gone up from Tel‑Melah, Tel‑Harsha, Cherub, Addan, and Immer. They could not show their father’s house or their descent—whether they were of Israel.
The sons of Delaiah, the sons of Tobiah, the sons of Nekoda: 652. And of the priests: the sons of Habaiah, the sons of Hakkoz, and the sons of Barzillai—he had taken a wife of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and was called by their name.
These sought their registration, but it was not found; so they were excluded from the priesthood. And the governor said that they should not eat of the holy things until a priest stood up who had Urim and Thummim.
The whole assembly together was 42,360.
Besides their male and female servants, there were 7,337; and they had 200 singers and singing women.
Their horses were 736, their mules 245.
Their camels were 435, their donkeys 6,720. And some of the heads of the fathers' houses, when they came to the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, voluntarily gave to the house of God to set it up on its site.
According to their ability they gave to the treasury for the work: gold, 1,000 darics; silver, 5,000 minas; and one hundred priestly garments. So the priests, the Levites, and the rest of the people—the singers, the gatekeepers, and the Nethinim—dwelt in their towns; and all Israel dwelt in their cities.