The Sin Offering
Leviticus 4:1-5:13
Lev.4.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Lev.1:1 (structural): Almost identical opening of a Torah unit: divine address to Moses introducing sacrificial legislation (’And the LORD called unto Moses, and spoke unto him…’). Shares form and immediate legislative context.
- Num.1:1 (structural): Same canonical formula initiating a legal/administrative section (’And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai…’). Shows the recurring Torah narrative marker of divine speech to Moses.
- Exod.6:2 (verbal): Similar verbal pattern of divine communication to Moses (’And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him…’), exemplifying the motif of God’s direct revelation to Moses that frames Mosaic instruction.
- Num.15:22-31 (thematic): Treatment of unintentional sin and atonement procedures (sacrifices and penalties) parallels Leviticus 4’s concern with sin offerings for inadvertent offenses; thematic correspondence in sin, confession, and expiation.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Lev.4.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תחטא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- בשגגה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מכל: PREP
- מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מאחת: PREP+NUM,card,sg,f
- מהנה: PREP+PRON,3,f,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 15:27-29 (verbal): Direct parallel treating persons who sin unintentionally and the required offering/atonement for such transgressions.
- Numbers 15:30-31 (thematic): Contrasts the unintentional sin of Lev 4:2 with willful ('high-handed') sin that is not covered by the same atonement provisions.
- Leviticus 5:17-19 (verbal): Continues and expands the law concerning sins committed in ignorance and the appropriate guilt offering and restitution.
- Leviticus 4:27-31 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter outlining the specific sin-offering procedure for an ordinary Israelite who sins unintentionally.
- Psalm 19:12-13 (thematic): Reflects the concern with inadvertent or unknown sin and the need for cleansing/forgiveness for sins committed without awareness.
Alternative generated candidates
- Speak to the Israelites, saying: When a person sins unwittingly against any of the LORD’s commandments that must not be done, and does one of them—
- Speak to the Israelites, saying: When a person sins unwittingly against any of the commandments of the LORD that must not be done, and does one of them—
Lev.4.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אם: CONJ
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המשיח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יחטא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לאשמת: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cs
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והקריב: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- חטאתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRSFX,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- פר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:22 (verbal): Parallel provision within the same chapter for a ruler (נשיא) who sins — requires a young bullock as a sin offering, using similar language and sacrificial item as for the anointed priest.
- Leviticus 4:27-28 (verbal): Contrasts the priestly requirement by prescribing a female goat or lamb for an individual layperson's unintentional sin, showing the graded scale of sin offerings in the same legal unit.
- Leviticus 16:6, 16:11 (thematic): Day of Atonement ritual where the high priest offers a bull for his own sin before making atonement for the people — thematically and ritually related to the priestly sin offering in Lev 4:3.
- Numbers 15:27-28 (thematic): Prescribes sin/peace-offering procedures for unintentional sins by individuals and the congregation, reflecting the broader legal context for inadvertent sin and sacrificial remedy.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the Levitical cult: the high priest enters the Holy Place once a year to offer sacrifices for his own sins and those of the people, applying and interpreting the priestly atonement motif found in Lev 4 and 16.
Alternative generated candidates
- if it is the anointed priest who sins, bringing guilt upon the people, then for the sin that he committed he shall bring to the LORD a bull of the herd without blemish as a purification offering.
- if the anointed priest sins, thus bringing guilt upon the people, then for the sin he has committed he shall present a bull of the herd, without blemish, to the LORD as a sin offering.
Lev.4.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והביא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וסמך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ושחט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 29:10-11 (verbal): Instructions to bring a bull to the doorway of the tent of meeting, lay hands on it and kill it before the LORD — nearly identical ritual language and setting.
- Leviticus 1:4 (verbal): The offering-man lays his hand on the head of the sacrifice (here for a burnt offering); same act of identification/transfer of responsibility on the animal.
- Leviticus 8:14 (structural): In the consecration of Aaron Moses brings and kills a bull at the tabernacle entrance and places hands on it — same ritual gesture and location used in priestly rites.
- Leviticus 16:21-22 (thematic): The high priest lays hands on a live goat to confess and transfer the people's sins before sending it away (scapegoat) — shares the theme of transfer of sin through laying on of hands and ritual removal/atonement.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall bring the bull to the entrance of the tent of meeting before the LORD, lay his hand upon the head of the bull, and slaughter the bull before the LORD.
- He shall bring the bull to the entrance of the tent of meeting, before the LORD; and he shall lay his hand upon the head of the bull and slaughter the bull before the LORD.
Lev.4.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המשיח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והביא: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- אל: NEG
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:6 (verbal): Same ritual sequence in the sin-offering: the priest takes of the blood and performs sprinkling before the veil — immediate parallel within the same chapter.
- Leviticus 16:14-15 (thematic): On the Day of Atonement the high priest brings and sprinkles the blood into the Holy of Holies/against the mercy seat — same idea of bringing sacrificial blood into the tent/holy place for atonement.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): NT commentary on the Levitical system: the high priest alone enters the inner sanctuary with blood once a year — directly alludes to the practice of bringing blood into the holy place.
- Hebrews 9:12 (structural): Uses the Levitical sacrificial framework typologically: Christ obtains eternal redemption not by animal blood but by his own blood, fulfilling the structural role of sacrificial blood brought into the sanctuary.
Alternative generated candidates
- The anointed priest shall take some of the bull’s blood and bring it into the tent of meeting.
- And the anointed priest shall take some of the bull’s blood and bring it into the tent of meeting.
Lev.4.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וטבל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- אצבעו: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- בדם: PREP
- והזה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- שבע: NUM,card
- פעמים: NOUN,m,du,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- פרכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:14 (verbal): The high priest sprinkles blood seven times before the mercy seat/veil on the Day of Atonement—directly parallels the sevenfold sprinkling before the sanctuary in Lev 4:6.
- Leviticus 8:30 (structural): At the consecration of Aaron and his sons Moses sprinkles blood on the priests and the sanctuary—same priestly rite of blood-sprinkling as in Lev 4:6.
- Exodus 29:20 (verbal): The installation ritual includes placing blood on the right thumb (and other parts); parallels the image of the priest dipping his finger in blood in Lev 4:6.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): The NT depiction of the high priest entering the inner sanctuary 'with blood' to make atonement alludes to the Levitical practice of sprinkling before the veil.
- Hebrews 12:24 (thematic): Speaks of being 'sprinkled with the blood of Jesus'—reuses the sacrificial-sprinkling imagery of purification and access to God found in Lev 4:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- The priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before the LORD, in front of the veil of the sanctuary.
- And the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle of the blood seven times before the LORD, in front of the curtain of the sanctuary.
Lev.4.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- על: PREP
- קרנות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קטרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- הסמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- באהל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- דם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ישפך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- יסוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Lev.4.6 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same ritual section: likewise directs the priest to take some blood and put it on the horns of the altar of incense before the LORD (same wording and action).
- Lev.8:15 (structural): In the consecration of Aaron and his sons Moses takes blood and applies it to the altar’s horns and pours out the remainder at the base—same rites of blood application/pouring in the tabernacle context.
- Exod.30:1-10 (structural): Gives the construction and placement of the altar of incense ('before the LORD in the tent of meeting'), providing the architectural/functional background for the instruction to apply blood on its horns.
- Lev.16:14-15 (thematic): On the Day of Atonement the high priest sprinkles and applies blood before the LORD in the holy place to purify the sanctuary—shares the cultic theme of blood ritually placed before God to effect purification/atonement.
- Heb.9:12-14 (allusion): New Testament theological reflection that interprets priestly entry and sprinkling of blood in the tabernacle/holy place as effecting purification—applies the meaning of OT blood-rites (such as putting blood before the LORD) to Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice.
Alternative generated candidates
- The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense before the LORD that is in the tent of meeting, and all the rest of the bull’s blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
- And the priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense that is before the LORD in the tent of meeting; and all the blood of the bull he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
Lev.4.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- חלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פר: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ירים: VERB,qal,yiqtol,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- החלב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המכסה: PART,qal,ptc,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- הקרב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- החלב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- הקרב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.3.9 (verbal): Uses the same language about taking away “all the fat” and the fat that covers the inwards for a sacrifice — same ritual prescription for handling sacrificial fat (here in the peace‑offering context).
- Exod.29.13 (verbal): In the priestly consecration ritual the formula for removing “the fat that covers the inwards and all the fat that is on the inwards” appears almost verbatim — a close verbal and ritual parallel.
- Lev.4.18 (structural): A parallel verse within the same chapter that repeats the procedure for removing and handling the fat in another case of the sin‑offering, showing the formulaic, repeated character of the legislation.
- Lev.7.23 (thematic): Prohibits eating the fat (and designates certain fats as belonging to the LORD/priests); thematically related because it explains the cultic status of fat — why it must be removed and treated specially (burnt or given to priests) rather than eaten by the offerer.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall remove from it all the fat of the bull of the purification offering: the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is on the entrails,
- And he shall remove from it all the fat of the bull of the sin offering—the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is on the entrails—
Lev.4.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- הכלית: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- החלב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עליהן: PREP+PRON,3,pl,f
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- הכסלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- היתרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- הכבד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- הכליות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- יסירנה: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg+OBJ,3,pl,f
Parallels
- Lev.4.8 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same sin‑offering unit — the same ritual instruction to remove the two kidneys, their fat, and the caul above the liver.
- Lev.4.25 (verbal): Repeats the identical wording for removing the kidneys, fat and caul in the sin‑offering regulations for a different category of offerer (individual/leader), showing a fixed liturgical formula.
- Lev.3.4 (verbal): Peace‑offering instructions use the same phrase about the two kidneys and the fat and the caul, indicating the same anatomical portions are ritually significant across offering types.
- Lev.7.3 (thematic): Deals with the disposition of sacrificial parts and the priestly share; thematically related because it regulates which fatty portions are burned on the altar and which are for the priests, underscoring the cultic importance of fat and kidneys.
Alternative generated candidates
- both kidneys with the fat that is on them, at the loins, and the appendage on the liver—he shall remove it with the kidneys—
- and the two kidneys with the fat that is on them, which is on the loins, and the appendage upon the liver—he shall remove it with the kidneys—
Lev.4.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כאשר: CONJ
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- משור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והקטירם: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:9 (verbal): Shared ritual wording — the priest burns the offering on the altar ("והִקְטִיר הַכֹּהֵן עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ"), matching the sacrificial/altar action in Lev 4:10.
- Leviticus 3:2 (verbal): Direct parallel to the peace/ fellowship offering (זבח השלמים): the description of the fat being burned by the priest on the altar echoes Lev 4:10's language and ritual context.
- Leviticus 4:20 (structural): Close intra‑chapter parallel — the same formulaic description of the priest making atonement for the offender and the consequence of forgiveness repeats elsewhere in Lev 4, showing a patterned priestly atonement rite.
- Numbers 15:24–25 (thematic): Both passages treat the priest's role in making atonement for unintentional or communal transgression; Numbers presents a comparable priestly procedure and result (atonement/forgiveness).
- Leviticus 16:30 (thematic): Yom Kippur's central statement that the day effects atonement (כִּי בְיוֹם־כִּפֻּרִים יְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם) amplifies the theological theme of priestly atonement implicit in Lev 4:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- as it is removed from the ox of the sacrifice of well-being. The priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar of burnt offering.
- as it is removed from the ox of the sacrifice of well-being; and the priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar of burnt offering.
Lev.4.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- עור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ראשו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- כרעיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- וקרבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ופרשו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:27 (verbal): Same procedural rule for disposing of sacrificial carcasses—animals whose blood was brought into the sanctuary are carried outside the camp and burned.
- Numbers 19:3 (verbal): The red heifer is burned outside the camp with its skin and flesh—very close language and practice of removing and burning remains outside the camp.
- Hebrews 13:11-13 (allusion): New Testament draws on the Levitical practice of burning sacrificial carcasses outside the camp to interpret Christ’s suffering and being put outside the gate.
- Exodus 29:14 (thematic): Instruction about burning parts of sacrificial animals not eaten—related sacrificial law concerning disposition of remains and fire as means of disposal.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the hide of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and its legs and its entrails and its dung—
- But the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and its legs, and its entrails and its dung—
Lev.4.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והוציא: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- מחוץ: PREP
- למחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טהור: ADJ,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- שפך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הדשן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ושרף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- על: PREP
- עצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- שפך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הדשן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ישרף: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 19:3-6 (verbal): The red heifer ritual likewise requires bringing the animal outside the camp and burning it on wood; similar language and procedure for removal of impurity.
- Leviticus 16:27 (verbal): Day of Atonement instructions: the bullock and goat for the sin offering are carried forth without the camp and burnt—same logistical/ritual prescription for disposal of sin-offering carcasses.
- Hebrews 13:11-13 (allusion): Uses the Old Testament practice of burning sacrificial carcasses outside the camp as a typological backdrop to argue that Jesus suffered outside the gate and believers should 'go forth' to him—explicit theological allusion to Levitical disposal.
- Deuteronomy 23:12-14 (thematic): Commands a designated place outside the camp for human waste to preserve ritual purity while God dwells among Israel; thematically connected to locating impurity outside the camp.
- Numbers 19:17-18 (thematic): Further instructions on handling impurity and the removal of ashes and remains in the purification rites; complements the procedural concern in Leviticus 4:12 for keeping unclean matter outside the camp.
Alternative generated candidates
- the whole bull he shall bring out to a clean place outside the camp, to the ash-heap, and burn it on wood with fire; on the ash-heap it shall be burned.
- the whole bull he shall take outside the camp to a clean place, to the ash-heap, and he shall burn it there on wood with fire; at the ash-heap it shall be burned.
Lev.4.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- כל: DET
- עדת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישגו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ונעלם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,1,sg
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- מכל: PREP
- מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- ואשמו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 15:22-26 (verbal): Gives the same rule for when the whole assembly sins unintentionally and prescribes the sin offering (a young bull) — a close verbal and legal parallel to Lev 4:13–21.
- Leviticus 4:22-26 (verbal): Immediate parallel within Leviticus describing the analogous case of a leader (princes) sinning unintentionally and the required sin‑offering and atonement procedures.
- Leviticus 16:16-17 (thematic): Day of Atonement rites aimed at making atonement for the whole congregation and for corporate uncleanness — a thematic counterpart addressing communal sin and its atonement.
- Leviticus 5:17-19 (thematic): Treats guilt and required restitution/offering when an individual sins and becomes guilty; thematically related in addressing culpability, confession, and expiation for transgression.
Alternative generated candidates
- If the whole assembly of Israel errs, and a matter is hidden from the eyes of the congregation, so that they do one of all the commandments of the LORD that must not be done and incur guilt—
- And if the whole congregation of Israel errs, and a matter is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they do one of any of the commandments of the LORD that must not be done, and become guilty—
Lev.4.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונודעה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- והקריבו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- פר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והביאו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- לפני: PREP
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:3 (verbal): Same sin‑offering formula for the anointed priest — bring a young bull before the tent of meeting; parallels wording and ritual act for corporate/official sin.
- Leviticus 4:23 (verbal): The sin offering required when a leader sins: likewise involves bringing a bullock and the same cultic procedures, showing parallel case within the chapter.
- Leviticus 4:27 (structural): Procedure for an individual’s unintentional sin (different sacrificial animal) — parallels the communal case by following the same pattern of confession and offering within the chapter’s structure.
- Numbers 15:25-26 (structural): Prescribes an offering for the whole congregation when they sin unintentionally; mirrors Leviticus’ provision for communal sin and the requirement to present an animal for atonement.
- Leviticus 16:21-22 (thematic): On the Day of Atonement the high priest lays hands on the scapegoat for the assembly — a thematic parallel of corporate atonement and transfer of sin for the community.
Alternative generated candidates
- when the sin that they committed becomes known, the congregation shall bring a bull of the herd for a purification offering and bring it before the tent of meeting.
- when the sin in which they have sinned becomes known, the assembly shall present a bull of the herd for a sin offering and bring it before the tent of meeting.
Lev.4.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וסמכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- זקני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- העדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- ידיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ושחט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:4 (verbal): The ritual of laying hands on the head of the sacrificial animal appears here as well; both verses use the same gesture to identify/transmit the person to the offering.
- Leviticus 4:4 (verbal): Within the same chapter, the priest's sin offering likewise involves laying hands on the head of the bull—close verbal and ritual parallel to the congregation's procedure in 4:15.
- Leviticus 4:24 (structural): The sin-offering for a leader (נשׂיא) likewise requires laying the hand on the head of the bull before the LORD; structurally parallels the communal rite in 4:15.
- Leviticus 16:21 (thematic): On the Day of Atonement the high priest lays hands on the scapegoat and confesses Israel's sins over it—the same basic idea of transferring/identifying sin with an animal through laying on of hands.
- Numbers 8:10 (thematic): In the consecration of the Levites the congregation lays hands on the Levites' heads—another instance of laying on of hands as a communal, identificatory ritual.
Alternative generated candidates
- The elders of the community shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before the LORD, and the bull shall be slaughtered before the LORD.
- And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the head of the bull before the LORD, and the bull shall be slaughtered before the LORD.
Lev.4.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והביא: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המשיח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:6 (verbal): Same ritual language about the priest handling the sin‑offering blood (dipping his finger and sprinkling) — parallels priestly actions surrounding bringing blood into the sanctuary.
- Leviticus 4:15 (structural): Immediate context: the bull is slain before the tent of meeting — this verse and 4:16 form one procedural unit (slaying + priest bringing blood into the Tent).
- Leviticus 16:14–16 (thematic): Day of Atonement rite in which the high priest brings and applies sacrificial blood into the Holy of Holies — a heightened parallel to the priest’s bringing of blood into the sanctuary for atonement.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the Levitical pattern: the high priest enters the inner sanctuary with blood once a year — echoes and interprets the ritual of bringing blood into the holy place.
- Hebrews 9:12 (allusion): Contrasts Christ’s once‑for‑all entering of the heavenly sanctuary with his own blood to the Levitical practice of bringing animal blood into the tent — typological fulfillment of the Levitical action described in Lev 4:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- The anointed priest shall bring some of the bull’s blood into the tent of meeting,
- And the anointed priest shall bring some of the bull’s blood into the tent of meeting,
Lev.4.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וטבל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אצבעו: NOUN,f,sg,poss3ms
- מן: PREP
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- והזה: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg
- שבע: NUM,card
- פעמים: NOUN,m,du,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הפרכת: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:5 (structural): Same sin‑offering ritual: blood is taken and applied to the horns/side of the altar to make atonement—part of the parallel sequence for different categories of sin offerings.
- Leviticus 16:14 (verbal): On the Day of Atonement the high priest sprinkles blood with his finger seven times before the mercy seat/veil—same act of sprinkling ‘seven times’ before the inner sanctuary.
- Leviticus 8:15 (thematic): In the priestly ordination Moses applies blood with his finger to specified points (ear, thumb, toe), showing the recurring motif of using the priest’s finger to apply blood in cultic rites.
- Hebrews 9:19–22 (allusion): The New Testament recounts and interprets Mosaic blood‑sprinkling rites (Moses sprinkling blood on the book and people) and emphasizes blood for purification—reflects theological use of OT sprinkling rituals like Lev 4:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD, in front of the veil.
- and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD, in front of the curtain.
Lev.4.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- קרנת: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- באהל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- ישפך: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- יסוד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:6-7 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: identical ritual action—dipping/applying blood to the altar’s horns in the tent of meeting and pouring the remainder at the base of the burnt‑offering altar.
- Leviticus 1:5-9 (structural): Procedural parallel for burnt offerings: blood is brought to the tabernacle altar and handled (applied/poured) as part of the sacrificial rite, showing the shared sacrificial form.
- Exodus 29:12 (allusion): During priestly consecration blood is applied to the altar and dealt with at its base—an earlier ritual context that the Levitical prescriptions echo and develop.
- Leviticus 8:15-16 (verbal): Narrative enactment of the ritual: Moses applies and sprinkles blood on the altar and pours it out in the ordination of Aaron, demonstrating the instruction in practice.
- Hebrews 9:13-14 (thematic): New Testament reflection on the cleansing/atoning function of sacrificial blood; thematically connects the OT practice of blood applied/poured at the altar with the theological significance of Christ’s blood.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar that is before the LORD in the tent of meeting, and all the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
- And some of the blood he shall put on the horns of the altar that is before the LORD in the tent of meeting; and all the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
Lev.4.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- חלבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ירים: VERB,qal,yiqtol,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- והקטיר: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Lev.4.8 (verbal): Parallel wording within the same chapter prescribing that all the fat of the sin offering is to be removed and burned on the altar (repetition of the sacrificial formula).
- Lev.3.16 (verbal): Similar sacrificial formula: the priest burns the fat on the altar as food of the offering made by fire to the LORD—same ritual function for fat in offerings.
- Exod.29.13 (thematic): In the consecration ritual the fat of the sacrificed ram is burned on the altar—shows the broader cultic principle that fat is offered to God by fire.
- Lev.7.23 (thematic): Prohibition against eating certain animal fats, reflecting the sanctity of fat in sacrificial practice and its reserved status for the altar.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall remove all its fat from it and turn it into smoke on the altar.
- And all its fat he shall remove from it, and the priest shall turn it into smoke on the altar.
Lev.4.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לפר: PREP
- כאשר: CONJ
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לפר: PREP
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כן: ADV
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- וכפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונסלח: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Lev.4.26 (verbal): Same closing priestly formula for the sin offering — “the priest shall make atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him,” applied to the leader’s case.
- Lev.4.31 (verbal): Identical wording concluding the procedure for an individual’s sin offering: the priest makes atonement and the person is forgiven.
- Lev.4.35 (verbal): Reiterates the same ritual conclusion for the sin offering of the whole congregation — priestly atonement and forgiveness.
- Num.15.28 (thematic): Parallel legal principle: offering a sacrifice for unintended sin results in the priest making atonement and the person’s sin being forgiven; links Levitical ritual language to wider sacrificial law.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall do with the bull as he did with the bull of the purification offering; so he shall do with it. Thus the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
- Thus he shall do with the bull as he did with the bull of the sin offering; so shall he do with it. And the priest shall make atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them.
Lev.4.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והוציא: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- מחוץ: PREP
- למחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושרף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- כאשר: CONJ
- שרף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,cnst
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:27 (verbal): Commands that the carcasses of sin offerings whose blood was brought into the sanctuary be carried outside the camp and burned — nearly identical ritual wording to Lev 4:21.
- Numbers 19:3 (thematic): Red heifer is to be brought outside the camp and burned for purification; echoes the motif of taking sacrificial/ceremonial carcasses outside the camp for burning.
- Hebrews 13:11-12 (allusion): Uses the OT practice of burning sin-offerings outside the camp to explain why Jesus suffered outside the gate, drawing a typological link between the ritual and Christ's atonement.
- Leviticus 4:3 (structural): Earlier instruction in the same chapter for the sin offering of the whole congregation — prescribes presenting a bull and the same sequence of atonement with the animal removed/burned outside, showing parallel ritual structure.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall bring the bull outside the camp and burn it, as he burned the first bull; it is the purification offering for the congregation.
- And he shall take the bull outside the camp and burn it as he burned the first bull; it is the sin offering of the assembly.
Lev.4.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נשיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יחטא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- מכל: PREP
- מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- בשגגה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואשם: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:1-12 (structural): Same chapter's provisions for the sin of the anointed priest (or another leading cultic figure) — parallels form and purpose of the sin‑offering for a person of status who sins unintentionally.
- Leviticus 4:13-21 (structural): Adjacent section within the same chapter treating atonement for another social category (the whole congregation/other leaders) — shows the chapter's parallel sacrificial prescriptions according to social status and culpability.
- Numbers 15:22-29 (thematic): Sets out distinctions between unintentional sins by the community or individuals (which admit atonement) and willful ('high‑handed') sin (which does not) — echoes Leviticus' concern with degrees of culpability and sacrificial remedy.
- Leviticus 5:17-19 (thematic): Treats cases requiring guilt offerings when a person realizes sin (including restitution and additional sacrifice) — parallels Leviticus 4's focus on sacrificial means to remedy various kinds of sin and culpability.
- Leviticus 16:16-17 (thematic): Day of Atonement prescriptions for purging the sanctuary and the people from Israel's sins (including leaders) — parallels the communal and representative logic of atonement reflected in the sin‑offering for persons in authority.
Alternative generated candidates
- When a leader sins by doing unwittingly any one of all the commandments of the LORD his God that must not be done, and so becomes guilty—
- When a leader sins and does, unwittingly, one of any of the commandments of the LORD his God that must not be done, and becomes guilty,
Lev.4.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- או: CONJ
- הודע: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- חטאתו: NOUN,f,sg,suf
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- והביא: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- קרבנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:3 (verbal): Same sin-offering ritual language applied to the high priest (a bull), showing the parallel formula for atonement though animal differs by status.
- Leviticus 4:13 (structural): Sin offering for the whole congregation (a bull); parallels in structure and sacrificial procedure for communal vs. individual/unwitting sin.
- Leviticus 4:27-28 (verbal): Instruction for the individual layperson's sin offering (a female goat or lamb); closely parallels verse 4:23's formula while specifying a different sacrificial animal for social status.
- Numbers 15:27-29 (thematic): Addresses unwitting sins and required guilt/sin offerings for individuals and the community — thematically parallels Leviticus' provisions for atonement for unintentional sin.
- Hebrews 9:6-7 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the Levitical sin-offering cultus, especially the role of blood and the priestly atonement rite, echoing the function of the sacrifices described in Leviticus 4.
Alternative generated candidates
- or the sin that he committed is made known to him—he shall bring his offering: a male goat without blemish.
- or his sin that he has committed is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a male goat without blemish.
Lev.4.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וסמך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השעיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ושחט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישחט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.1.4 (verbal): Same formula of laying the hand on the head of the offering (וְסָמַךְ־יָדוֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ) — verbal parallel in sacrificial procedure.
- Lev.4.4 (verbal): Nearly identical ritual instruction for the priest's sin offering — same act (lay hand on the head and slay) within the chapter's parallel cases.
- Lev.4.15 (structural): Part of the repeated structural pattern in Lev 4 prescribing the laying on of hands and slaughter for different categories (leader/ruler) — same rite applied to another offender type.
- Lev.16.21 (thematic): Laying on of hands on the scapegoat together with confession transfers guilt to the animal — theological parallel concerning transfer of sin via laying on of hands.
- Exod.29.10 (allusion): Laying hands on the head of an animal in the consecration/ordination ritual (priestly context) — ritual gesture shared with sin/peace offerings.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat and slaughter it at the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered before the LORD; it is a purification offering.
- And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat and slaughter it in the place where they slaughter the burnt offering before the LORD; it is a sin offering.
Lev.4.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- באצבעו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- קרנת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- ואת: CONJ
- דמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- ישפך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- יסוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:6 (verbal): Same ritual formula earlier in the sin‑offering section: the priest dips his finger in the blood, applies it to the altar’s horns and disposes of the remainder at the altar’s base (verbal and procedural parallel).
- Leviticus 4:17 (structural): Parallel procedure applied to a different offender category (a ruler): the priest places blood on the altar’s horns and pours out the rest—shows repeated cultic pattern within the chapter.
- Leviticus 1:5 (thematic): Burnt‑offering practice of slaughtering and the priests handling/sprinkling blood around the altar (connection in cultic handling of sacrificial blood and sanctification of the altar).
- Leviticus 16:14–15 (thematic): Day of Atonement sprinkling of sacrificial blood into the holy place and on the altar for purification—same theological function of blood to effect atonement/cleansing in priestly ritual.
- Hebrews 9:12–14 (allusion): New Testament reinterpretation of sacrificial blood: Christ enters the holy places with his own blood to secure eternal redemption—the passage thematically echoes the atoning efficacy attributed to sacrificial blood in Levitical rites.
Alternative generated candidates
- The priest shall take some of the blood of the purification offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and he shall pour out its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
- And the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
Lev.4.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- חלבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- יקטיר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כחלב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מחטאתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
- ונסלח: CONJ+VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:12 (verbal): Parallel closing formula for the sin‑offering (here for the anointed priest): fat burned on the altar and the priest makes atonement so the sin is forgiven — virtually identical language and ritual role.
- Leviticus 4:21 (verbal): Same concluding formula for the sin‑offering of the congregation: burning the fat and the priest's act of atonement resulting in forgiveness; structural repetition across Leviticus 4.
- Leviticus 3:16 (thematic): Instruction about burning the fat of peace‑offerings on the altar ('fat of the peace‑offering'), providing the cultic background for the phrase 'כחלב זבח השלמים' (as the fat of the peace‑offering).
- Numbers 15:25 (verbal): Speaks of the priest making atonement for one who sins unintentionally and the sin being forgiven — a closely related legal formulation about priestly atonement and forgiveness.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): New‑Testament theological echo: the high priest's entering to make atonement for the people's sins; reflects how the priestly atonement language of Leviticus is used in later exegesis.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall turn all its fat into smoke on the altar like the fat of the sacrifice of well-being. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin, and he shall be forgiven.
- And all its fat he shall turn into smoke on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of well-being; and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin, and it shall be forgiven him.
Lev.4.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- תחטא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- בשגגה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מעם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בעשתה: PREP+VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- ממצות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשינה: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,pl
- ואשם: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:13-21 (structural): Gives the parallel sin-offering procedure when the entire congregation sins unintentionally — same ritual framework applied to a corporate offender, highlighting variant applications of the law.
- Leviticus 4:22-26 (structural): Prescribes the sin-offering for a leader (ruler) who sins unintentionally; mirrors the individual provision in 4:27 with analogous elements (recognition, guilt, offering).
- Leviticus 5:17-19 (thematic): Addresses individual cases of sin and guilt (including confession and restitution) and the required guilt/offering rites, developing the legal treatment of inadvertent sin found in 4:27.
- Numbers 15:27-29 (verbal): Specifies that when one person sins unintentionally they must bring offerings; echoes the language and distinction between unintentional (inadvertent) sin and deliberate transgression in Leviticus 4:27.
- Hebrews 9:22 (allusion): New Testament theological reflection that forgiveness involves shedding of blood; alludes to the sacrificial rationale underlying OT sin/guilt offerings like those required for inadvertent sins in Leviticus 4:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- If any one of the common people sins unwittingly by doing any of the LORD’s commandments that must not be done, and so incurs guilt—
- And if a single person from among the people of the land sins unwittingly by doing one of the commandments of the LORD that must not be done, and becomes guilty,
Lev.4.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- או: CONJ
- הודע: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- חטאתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והביא: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- קרבנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- שעירת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- עזים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- תמימה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- נקבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- חטאתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:3 (verbal): Uses the same language about making known the sin and bringing a sin offering (an unblemished male for the anointed priest); parallels the formula 'for his sin which he has sinned.'
- Leviticus 5:6 (verbal): Prescribes the private individual's sin offering — bringing a female goat — and repeats the phrase 'for his sin which he has sinned,' closely matching Lev 4:28's offering type and wording.
- Numbers 15:27–29 (thematic): Provides rules for atoning unintentional sins by individual community members, thematically paralleling Leviticus' provision for making known and atoning inadvertent sin with a prescribed sacrifice.
- Hebrews 9:22 (thematic): New Testament reflection on the sacrificial system's purpose: the necessity of blood for forgiveness of sins, thematically linking to the function of the Levitical sin offering described in Lev 4:28.
- Hebrews 10:4 (thematic): States the insufficiency of animal sacrifices to remove sins permanently ('it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins'), offering a theological contrast to the Levitical practice of sin offerings like the female goat of Lev 4:28.
Alternative generated candidates
- or the sin that he committed is made known to him—then he shall bring his offering, a female goat without blemish, for the sin that he committed.
- or his sin that he has committed is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a female goat without blemish, for the sin he has committed.
Lev.4.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וסמך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ושחט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:4 (verbal): Same ritual phrase of laying the worshipper's hand on the head of the offering (transfer/identification of the offering), linking burnt/sin‑offering procedures.
- Leviticus 4:4 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter: the anointed priest lays his hand on the head of the sin offering and slays it — nearly identical wording and function.
- Leviticus 4:15 (verbal): Another variant in Lev.4 describing the laying on of hands and slaughter of the sin offering for the congregation — repetition of the ritual act for a different category of offender.
- Leviticus 4:24 (verbal): Parallel instruction for a leader's sin offering, again prescribing laying the hand on the head of the sacrifice and its slaughter — consistent cultic formula.
- Leviticus 16:21–22 (thematic): Aaron lays hands on the scapegoat and confesses the sins of Israel so the goat bears them away — thematically parallel transfer of sin through laying on of hands and removal/atonement.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall lay his hand upon the head of the purification offering and slaughter the purification offering at the place of the burnt offering.
- And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering and slaughter the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering.
Lev.4.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מדמה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- באצבעו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- קרנת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- דמה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- ישפך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- יסוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:6 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and ritual: the priest takes some blood with his finger, applies it to the horns of the altar (here the altar of incense in that case) and pours out the remainder at the base — same cultic gesture applied to a different offering.
- Leviticus 4:18 (verbal): Parallel instruction for the sin offering of the congregation: priests apply blood to the altar’s horns and pour out the rest at the base, showing the same procedural pattern repeated for different categories of offenders.
- Leviticus 8:15 (structural): In the consecration of the altar and priests Moses sprinkles and applies sacrificial blood to the altar’s horns (and purifies the altar), reflecting the same symbolic use of blood to sanctify and effect atonement on the altar.
- Hebrews 9:22 (thematic): New Testament theological parallel: stresses that cleansing and forgiveness are accomplished through the shedding/pouring out of blood — a theological reading of the Levitical cultic practices such as applying and pouring out sacrificial blood.
Alternative generated candidates
- The priest shall take some of its blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and all its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
- And the priest shall take some of its blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and all its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
Lev.4.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- חלבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יסיר: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- הוסר: VERB,hophal,perf,3,m,sg
- חלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעל: PREP
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והקטיר: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לריח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ניחח: ADJ,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכפר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונסלח: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.3:11 (verbal): Same ritual language about burning the fat on the altar as a 'pleasing aroma' to YHWH (וְהִקְטִיר הַכֹּהֵן ... רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ), linking peace/meal-offering terminology to the sacrificial act in Lev 4:31.
- Lev.7:2–5 (thematic): Rules for the peace/thanksgiving offerings that specify removal and burning of fat and the priest's handling of the remainder; parallels the treatment of 'חלב/חלבה' and altar-burning in Lev 4:31.
- Lev.4:26 (verbal): Another verse in the sin‑offering section that uses the same atonement formula ('וְכִפֵּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן וְנִסְלַח לוֹ'), showing the standardized conclusion to sin‑offering rites found in Lev 4:31.
- Num.15:25–28 (thematic): Provision for a sin/offerings for unintentional sin in the community where priests effect atonement through sacrifice; thematically parallels Lev 4:31's linkage of sacrificial ritual, priestly atonement, and forgiveness.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall remove all its fat, as the fat is removed from the sacrifice of well-being, and the priest shall turn it into smoke on the altar for a pleasing aroma to the LORD. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him, and he shall be forgiven.
- And he shall remove all its fat, as the fat was removed from the sacrifice of well-being; and the priest shall turn it into smoke on the altar for a pleasing aroma to the LORD. And the priest shall make atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him.
Lev.4.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- כבש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יביא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- קרבנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נקבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תמימה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- יביאנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,3f-obj
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:27-28 (structural): Sin‑offering for a lay person prescribes bringing a female goat/lamb and laying on hands—same sin‑offering ritual context and sequence as 4:32.
- Leviticus 4:3 (structural): Sin‑offering for the anointed priest requires an unblemished young bullock—parallels the pattern of specific animal and ‘without blemish’ requirement applied to different social categories.
- Leviticus 1:10 (verbal): Burnt‑offering regulations use the formula ‘of the flock… a male without blemish’—shares the technical language and purity criterion ('without blemish') for sacrificial animals.
- Exodus 12:5 (verbal): Passover lamb must be ‘without blemish’—same phraseology and idea of an unblemished animal set apart for a sacred, redemptive rite.
- 1 Peter 1:19 (allusion): Describes Christ as a ‘lamb without blemish or spot,’ explicitly drawing on Levitical purity language to portray Jesus as the perfect sacrificial offering.
Alternative generated candidates
- If he brings a lamb as his offering for a purification offering, he shall bring a female without blemish.
- But if he brings a sheep as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without blemish.
Lev.4.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וסמך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ושחט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישחט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:4 (verbal): Same ritual formula: the offerer lays his hand on the animal's head and the animal is slain before the LORD — verbal parallel to laying on hands and slaughtering the sin offering.
- Leviticus 1:4 (verbal): Burnt‑offering instruction to 'lay his hand on the burnt offering' to effect acceptance — shares the laying‑on‑hands motif linking person to sacrifice.
- Leviticus 4:24 (verbal): Parallel instruction for another category of sin offering: lay hand on the head of the bullock and kill it — same sacrificial action and wording.
- Leviticus 4:29 (thematic): For an individual sinner: lay hand on the goat and kill it, and the priest makes atonement — closely parallels the function of the laying on of hands and atonement procedure described in 4:33.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall lay his hand upon the head of the purification offering and slaughter it for a purification offering at the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered.
- And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering and slaughter it for a sin offering in the place where they slaughter the burnt offering.
Lev.4.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- באצבעו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- קרנת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- דמה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- ישפך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- יסוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 29:12 (verbal): Uses the same formula—take blood, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour out the remaining blood at the base—applies this rite in the consecration of priests.
- Leviticus 4:6 (verbal): An earlier clause in the same chapter with the same action: the priest takes some blood with his finger and applies it to the horns of the altar (same verbal formula for a different category of sin offering).
- Leviticus 4:25 (verbal): Parallel procedural wording for the sin offering of a leader: blood is taken, placed on the altar's horns, and all the blood is poured out at the altar’s base—repetition of the ritual formula within chapter 4.
- Leviticus 16:18-19 (thematic): On the Day of Atonement the high priest sprinkles blood on the altar/mercy‑seat and before it—shares the cultic theme of applying sacrificial blood to sanctuary fixtures for atonement and purification.
- Hebrews 9:12-14 (allusion): New Testament theological reworking of the priestly sprinkling motif: Christ enters the holy place with his own blood to obtain eternal redemption, echoing and reinterpreting the Levitical blood‑sprinkling rites.
Alternative generated candidates
- The priest shall take some of the blood of the purification offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and all its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
- And the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and all its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
Lev.4.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- חלבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יסיר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- יוסר: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- חלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכשב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והקטיר: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- אשי: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וכפר: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- חטאתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ונסלח: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:26 (structural): Parallel provision within the sin‑offering series: same ritual formula—priest burns the designated portions and 'makes atonement' so the offender is forgiven (same liturgical conclusion).
- Leviticus 3:16–17 (verbal): Echoes the language about burning the fat on the altar as an offering to the LORD; the treatment of fat as the portion to be burned is common to peace and sin/thanksgiving offerings.
- Leviticus 1:9 (verbal): Similar cultic prescription: fat and certain portions are to be removed and burned on the altar as the food of the offering—shared ritual vocabulary and cultic practice.
- Numbers 15:28 (thematic): Like Lev 4:35, Numbers prescribes a sin/partial‑offering administered with priestly involvement and concludes with the priest making atonement so that the people are forgiven—same theological outcome of the ritual.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall remove all its fat, as the fat of the lamb is removed from the sacrifice of well-being; and the priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar upon the fire-offerings of the LORD. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him concerning the sin that he committed, and he shall be forgiven.
- And he shall remove all its fat, as the fat of the lamb is removed from the sacrifice of well-being; and the priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar upon the fire-offerings of the LORD. And the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin he has committed, and it shall be forgiven him.
Lev.5.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונפש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תחטא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ושמעה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- או: CONJ
- ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
- או: CONJ
- ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אם: CONJ
- לוא: NEG
- יגיד: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg
- ונשא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עונו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 19:16 (thematic): Commands not to be a talebearer or stand idly by the blood of a neighbor—establishes communal duty to report harm or danger, paralleling liability for failing to disclose what one has heard or seen.
- Deuteronomy 19:15 (structural): Rule that a matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses—connects to Leviticus' concern with persons who have heard, seen, or known and thus function as witnesses.
- Ezekiel 33:8–9 (allusion): If a watchman fails to warn the wicked, their blood will be required of him—closely parallels the idea that one who hears/knows and does not warn or report bears guilt.
- Numbers 5:6–7 (thematic): Prescribes confession and restitution when one wrongs another and conceals it—relates to responsibility for admitting and reporting known wrongdoing.
- Matthew 18:15 (thematic): Instructs a believer who is aware that a brother has sinned to confront him—New Testament echo of the obligation to speak up when one has witnessed another's offense.
Alternative generated candidates
- If a person sins in that he hears a call to testify under oath, and he is a witness—either he has seen or knows it—and he does not tell it, he shall bear his iniquity.
- And if a person sins in that he hears a call to adjuration, and he is a witness—either he has seen or come to know—if he does not report it, he shall bear his iniquity.
Lev.5.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- או: CONJ
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- או: CONJ
- בנבלת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- טמאה: ADJ,f,sg
- או: CONJ
- בנבלת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בהמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- טמאה: ADJ,f,sg
- או: CONJ
- בנבלת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שרץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ונעלם: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ואשם: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 19:11-22 (verbal): Prescribes the ritual consequences and purification (water of purification) for anyone who touches a corpse or becomes ritually unclean, echoing Lev.5:2’s concern with contact with dead/unclean things and resultant impurity/guilt.
- Leviticus 11:39-40 (verbal): States that touching the carcass of an unclean animal renders a person unclean until evening and requires washing—closely parallel language and legal effect to Lev.5:2’s treatment of contact with unclean creatures.
- Deuteronomy 21:22-23 (thematic): Declares that contact with a dead body defiles (and commands burial so as not to defile the land), reflecting the broader theme that touching the dead causes ritual impurity found in Lev.5:2.
- Leviticus 5:3-4 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter expanding the list of contacts that produce impurity or render one guilty and specifying the obligation for sin/guilt offerings—directly related legal context for Lev.5:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- Or if a person touches any unclean thing—whether the carcass of an unclean wild animal or the carcass of an unclean domestic animal or the carcass of an unclean swarming thing—and it is hidden from him, then he is unclean and guilty.
- Or a person who touches any unclean thing—whether the carcass of an unclean wild animal, or the carcass of an unclean domesticated animal, or the carcass of an unclean swarming creature—and it is hidden from him, yet he is unclean and becomes guilty.
Lev.5.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- או: CONJ
- כי: CONJ
- יגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בטמאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP
- טמאתו: NOUN,f,sg,cons,3,m
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יטמא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ונעלם: CONJ+VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ואשם: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 5:1-2 (verbal): Immediate context — continues the case laws about touching another's unclean thing or failing to testify; shares vocabulary and legal form regarding hidden/unnoticed impurity and resulting guilt.
- Leviticus 4:2-3 (thematic): Provides the broader framework for unintentional sin/offense and the sacrificial remedy; both passages treat inadvertent impurity or sin that renders one guilty once discovered.
- Numbers 15:27-28 (thematic): Deals with the procedure and guilt/offering for sins done unintentionally by an individual, paralleling Lev 5:3's concern with inadvertent contact with impurity and resulting responsibility.
- Numbers 5:6-7 (structural): Prescribes confession, restitution and offering for sins discovered after the fact; mirrors Lev 5:3's principle that hidden impurity becomes culpable when known.
- Leviticus 5:17-19 (verbal): Handles the case of someone who cannot afford a sin offering and requires restitution plus a surcharge — closely related regulations for guilt arising from discovered/unintended wrongs as in 5:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- Or if he touches human uncleanness, whatever uncleanness by which one becomes unclean, and it is hidden from him, then when he knows it, he is guilty.
- Or if he touches human uncleanness, whatever uncleanness it is with which one becomes unclean, and it is hidden from him, then he comes to know it and becomes guilty.
Lev.5.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- או: CONJ
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תשבע: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- לבטא: VERB,qal,inf
- בשפתים: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- להרע: VERB,qal,inf
- או: CONJ
- להיטיב: VERB,qal,inf
- לכל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יבטא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בשבעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונעלם: CONJ+VERB,nifal,perf,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ואשם: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
- לאחת: PREP+NUM,f,sg
- מאלה: PREP+DEM
Parallels
- Lev.19:12 (verbal): Prohibits swearing falsely by God's name — addresses the moral integrity of oaths, closely related language and concern with illicit/false oaths.
- Num.30:2 (structural): Law concerning vows and oaths — like Leviticus 5:4 it regulates verbal commitments and the obligation to fulfill what one utters.
- Deut.23:21-23 (thematic): Commands that vows made to the LORD must be fulfilled and warns against delaying payment — reflects the covenantal seriousness and guilt associated with unkept or hidden vows.
- Num.5:6-7 (structural): Prescribes confession and restitution when one is guilty of wrongdoing against a neighbor — parallels Leviticus 5:4’s assignment of guilt when an oath or promise affecting another is neglected or concealed.
- Matt.5:33-37 (allusion): Jesus reinterprets OT teaching on oaths, instructing honesty in speech (‘let your yes be yes’) — thematically connected to Leviticus’ concern for truthful, binding verbal promises.
Alternative generated candidates
- Or if a person swears rashly with his lips, to do evil or to do good—whatever a person may utter in an oath—and it is hidden from him; then when he knows it, he is guilty in one of these.
- Or if a person swears, uttering with his lips rashly to do evil or to do good—for anything that a human may utter rashly with an oath—and it is hidden from him, then he comes to know it and is guilty in one of these.
Lev.5.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- יאשם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לאחת: PREP+NUM,f,sg
- מאלה: PREP+DEM
- והתודה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 5:7 (verbal): Uses the same language of confession when one is guilty (‘and he shall confess the sin that he has committed’), parallel procedural requirement for restitution/atonement.
- Leviticus 26:40 (verbal): Within the covenant collection: the people must ‘confess their iniquity’ as part of repentance and seeking restoration—same verb and cultic/communal context of confession.
- Psalm 32:5 (thematic): David’s declaration ‘I acknowledged my sin to You’ reflects the personal act of confession tied to forgiveness and removal of guilt, thematically parallel to Lev 5:5’s requirement to confess wrongdoing.
- 1 John 1:9 (thematic): New Testament formulation connecting confession of sin with divine forgiveness and cleansing—echoes the theological link in Leviticus between confession and atonement.
Alternative generated candidates
- When he is guilty in one of these, he shall confess the sin that he committed.
- And it shall be, when he is guilty in one of these, that he shall confess that wherein he has sinned.
Lev.5.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והביא: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אשמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suf:3,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- חטאתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,suf:3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נקבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כשבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- שעירת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עזים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכפר: VERB,piel,perf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מחטאתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,suf:3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:27-31 (verbal): Gives the parallel provision for an unintentional sin by an ordinary Israelite: bring a female sheep or goat for a sin offering and the priest makes atonement—language and ritual function closely mirror Lev 5:6.
- Leviticus 5:7-10 (structural): Adjacent verses in the same chapter dealing with similar cases and sacrificial prescriptions (choice of animal, confession, priestly atonement), showing the same legal/ritual framework as v.6.
- Numbers 15:25-28 (verbal): Addresses unintentional sins by individuals or the community and prescribes a sin offering with the priest making atonement—parallel law and recurring formula about atonement for inadvertent transgressions.
- Hebrews 10:10-12 (thematic): New Testament theological reflection on priestly atonement: contrasts repeated animal sacrifices (and priestly atonement in Torah) with Christ’s once-for-all sacrificial act that fulfills and replaces the sacrificial system.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall bring as his reparation to the LORD for the sin that he committed a female from the flock, either a lamb or a female goat, as a purification offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin.
- And he shall bring to the LORD, for his guilt concerning the sin he has committed, a female from the flock, a lamb or a female goat, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin.
Lev.5.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- תגיע: VERB,qal,imprf,3,f,sg
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- די: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שה: PRON,rel
- והביא: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אשמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- תרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- או: CONJ
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואחד: CONJ+NUM,m,sg
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 12:8 (verbal): Repeats the same provision for the purification-offering after childbirth: if the woman cannot afford a lamb she may bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons, or, if unable, one of each.
- Luke 2:24 (quotation): NT citation of the purification offering — Joseph and Mary present 'a pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons' in accordance with the law (alluding to Lev.12:8 and the poverty provision in Lev.5:7).
- Leviticus 14:4–7 (thematic): Uses two live birds in the purification ritual for a healed leper (one killed, one released) — thematically parallels the use of birds in rites of purification/atonement.
- Leviticus 5:6 (structural): Immediate legal context: Lev.5:6–11 outlines alternative sin-offerings according to the offerer’s means; Lev.5:7 specifies the specific concession for those who cannot afford two birds.
Alternative generated candidates
- But if his means do not suffice for a sheep, he shall bring as his reparation for the sin that he committed two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the LORD—one for a purification offering and one for a burnt offering.
- But if his hand does not reach to a sheep, he shall bring as his guilt, for what he has sinned, two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the LORD: one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering.
Lev.5.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והביא: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והקריב: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ראשונה: ADJ,f,sg
- ומלק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ראשו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ממול: ADV
- ערפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- יבדיל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.14:8-9 (verbal): In the cleansing of a healed leper the priest orders the person’s hair to be shaved and prescribes washing and offerings — the same shaving-and-priestly-cleansing language and ritual sequence found in Lev 5:8.
- Num.6:13-18 (thematic): At the termination of a Nazirite vow the man is brought to the priest, has his head shaved at the tent of meeting, and the hair is offered/burned with the sacrificial offerings — a parallel combination of shaving, priestly action, and sacrificial procedure.
- Lev.4:27-31 (structural): The sin-offering for an individual describes bringing the animal to the priest and the priest’s role in making atonement — closely matching Lev 5:8’s prescription to bring the matter to the priest and present the sin/trespass offering.
- Lev.5:6 (verbal): A closely related verse in the same unit that likewise directs bringing the trespass/sin-offering to the priest — an immediate internal parallel clarifying the procedure summarized in Lev 5:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall bring them to the priest, who shall offer first the one for the purification offering; he shall wring off its head at the nape, but shall not sever it.
- And he shall bring them to the priest, who shall present first the one for the sin offering; and he shall wring off its head at the nape of its neck, but he shall not sever it.
Lev.5.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והזה: CONJ+PRON,demonstrative,ms,sg
- מדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- קיר: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והנשאר: CONJ+PART,qal,ptcp,ms,sg,def
- בדם: PREP
- ימצה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- יסוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:7 (verbal): Gives the same ritual formula for the sin offering of a priest: sprinkling blood on the side of the altar and pouring the remainder at the base (near-verbatim ritual language).
- Leviticus 4:25 (structural): Prescribes the identical sequence (sprinkle on the altar's side; pour out the remainder at the altar's base) for the sin offering of the whole congregation—same cultic structure applied to a different category of offender.
- Leviticus 8:15 (structural): At Moses' consecration of Aaron and his sons blood is sprinkled on the altar and on the priests — a parallel use of blood-sprinkling to effect consecration/atonement in the cultic system.
- Hebrews 9:19 (thematic): The author cites Moses sprinkling blood on the people and the covenant book to inaugurate the covenant; echoes the OT motif that blood-sprinkling effects purification, covenant-making, and atonement (theological parallel to Leviticus' ritual).
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall sprinkle some of the blood of the purification offering on the side of the altar, and what remains of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar; it is a purification offering.
- And he shall sprinkle of the blood of the sin offering on the wall of the altar, and the rest of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar; it is a sin offering.
Lev.5.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כמשפט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכפר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מחטאתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ונסלח: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.4:20 (verbal): Uses the same priestly formula 'וכפר עליו' — the priest effects atonement for the offender's sin; parallels language and function of Lev 5:10.
- Lev.5:6 (structural): Earlier in the same chapter the provision for a poor person (bringing fine flour) culminates in the priest making atonement — Lev 5:10 continues this alternative sacrificial procedure.
- Lev.16:15 (thematic): On the Day of Atonement the high priest performs sacrificial rites to make atonement for the people; parallels the priest's mediating, expiatory role in Lev 5:10.
- Hebrews 9:11-12 (allusion): Portrays Christ as the heavenly high priest who enters the holy place with his own blood to secure atonement — New Testament theological fulfillment of the priestly atoning function described in Lev 5:10.
- Isaiah 53:10-11 (thematic): The Suffering Servant bears the people's guilt and achieves justification for many; thematically parallels the idea of one offering/mediator effecting forgiveness for another's sin.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the second he shall make a burnt offering according to the regulation. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin that he committed, and he shall be forgiven.
- And of the second he shall make a burnt offering according to the rule; and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin that he has committed, and it shall be forgiven him.
Lev.5.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- תשיג: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לשתי: PREP+NUM,card,f,du
- תרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- או: CONJ
- לשני: PREP+NUM,card,dual,m
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והביא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- קרבנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עשירת: NUM,ord,f,sg,cons
- האפה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- ישים: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- שמן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- לבנה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 5:6-10 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same unit giving alternative sin‑offerings for those who cannot afford a lamb or ram (pairs of birds or a tenth of an ephah of fine flour). Lev 5:11 continues this substitutionary scheme.
- Leviticus 2:1-3 (verbal): Typical grain (meal) offering regulations require oil and often frankincense; Lev 5:11 explicitly forbids oil and frankincense on the tenth‑of‑an‑ephah offering because it functions as a sin‑offering rather than a regular grain offering.
- Leviticus 4:27-31 (thematic): Describes sin‑offerings for individuals (the common Israelite) and the priestly handling of such offerings. Connects thematically with Lev 5:11’s concern for making atonement through appropriate sacrifice for individual sin.
- Numbers 15:22-29 (thematic): Provides laws for unintentional sins and the required offerings to make atonement. Parallels Lev 5:11 in addressing how inadvertent or minor sins are atoned for and the provision of specific sacrificial requirements for persons of varying means.
Alternative generated candidates
- But if his means do not suffice for two turtledoves or two young pigeons, then he shall bring as his offering for the sin that he committed a tenth of an ephah of fine flour for a purification offering; he shall not put oil on it nor place frankincense on it, for it is a purification offering.
- But if his hand does not reach to two turtledoves or two young pigeons, he shall bring as his offering for the sin he has committed a tenth of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall not put oil upon it, nor shall he place frankincense upon it, for it is a sin offering.
Lev.5.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והביאה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וקמץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ממנה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- מלוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קמצו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- אזכרתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,f,sg
- והקטיר: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- אשי: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:9 (verbal): Similar sacrificial formula: the priest takes a handful (קמץ) of the offering and burns it on the altar. Lev 1:9 uses the same technical action (priest's handful/handful burnt) in the context of a burnt offering.
- Leviticus 2:2 (verbal): Meal-offering parallel: the priest takes a token/handful from the grain offering and burns it on the altar. The wording and ritual act (priest's portion taken and burned) correspond closely to Lev 5:12's procedure for the sin-offering of fine flour.
- Leviticus 5:11 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding verse sets out the same case (when an offering of fine flour is required because one cannot afford animals) and leads directly into 5:12's priestly action. This shows 5:12 as part of a cluster of provisions for minor sin-offerings.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take from it a full handful, its memorial-portion, and turn it into smoke on the altar upon the fire-offerings of the LORD; it is a purification offering.
- And he shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take from it his handful, its memorial-portion, and turn it into smoke on the altar upon the fire-offerings of the LORD; it is a sin offering.
Lev.5.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- חטאתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מאחת: PREP+NUM,f,sg
- מאלה: PREP+DEM
- ונסלח: VERB,niphal,imprf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לכהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- כמנחה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:20 (verbal): Uses the same formula: the priest makes atonement for the sin and it is forgiven — parallel language and cultic function for communal sin offerings.
- Leviticus 4:26 (verbal): Parallel wording for a ruler's sin offering: the priest makes atonement for the offender and forgiveness follows, showing the recurring legal-ritual formula.
- Leviticus 4:35 (verbal): Identical priestly atonement formula for an individual sinner; repeats the procedure and assurance of forgiveness found in Lev 5:13.
- Numbers 5:8 (thematic): Describes confession, restitution, and priestly mediation leading to forgiveness — thematically parallel in addressing how offenses are resolved and forgiven through priestly action.
- Leviticus 7:6 (structural): Regulates the priest’s entitlement to portions of offerings (e.g., meal/wave portions); parallels Lev 5:13’s statement that the offering shall be to the priest like the meal offering.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin that he committed in any of these, and he shall be forgiven; and it shall belong to the priest, like the grain offering.
- Thus the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin he has committed in any of these, and it shall be forgiven him; and it shall belong to the priest like the grain offering.
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Speak to the Israelites, saying: When a person sins unintentionally in any of the LORD’s commands that must not be done, by doing one of them—
If the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt upon the people, then for the sin that he has committed he shall bring a bull of the herd, without blemish, to the LORD as a sin offering.
He shall bring the bull to the entrance of the tent of meeting before the LORD, and he shall lay his hand upon the head of the bull and slaughter the bull before the LORD. And the anointed priest shall take some of the bull’s blood and bring it into the tent of meeting. And the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle from the blood seven times before the LORD, in front of the curtain of the sanctuary. And the priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense that is before the LORD, which is in the tent of meeting; and all the blood of the bull he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting. And he shall remove from it all the fat of the bull of the sin offering: the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is on the entrails,
and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, that is on the loins, and the protruding lobe on the liver—he shall remove it with the kidneys.
Just as it is removed from the ox of the sacrifice of well-being, so the priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar of burnt offering. But the hide of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs, and its entrails and its dung—
he shall bring out the whole bull outside the camp to a clean place, to the ash-heap, and burn it on wood with fire; on the ash-heap it shall be burned. And if the whole congregation of Israel goes astray, and a matter is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, so that they do one of all the LORD’s commands that must not be done and become guilty,
when the sin that they have committed is made known, the assembly shall bring a bull of the herd as a sin offering and bring it before the tent of meeting. And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the head of the bull before the LORD, and the bull shall be slaughtered before the LORD. And the anointed priest shall bring some of the bull’s blood into the tent of meeting. And the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle seven times before the LORD, in front of the curtain. And from the blood he shall put on the horns of the altar that is before the LORD, which is in the tent of meeting; and all the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting. And he shall remove all its fat from it and turn it into smoke on the altar. And he shall do with the bull as he did with the bull of the sin offering; so he shall do with it. Thus the priest shall make atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them. And he shall bring out the bull outside the camp and burn it, as he burned the first bull; it is the sin offering of the assembly.
When a leader sins and does unintentionally one of all the commands of the LORD his God that must not be done, and becomes guilty,
or his sin that he has sinned is made known to him, he shall bring his offering: a male goat without blemish. And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat and slaughter it at the place where they slaughter the burnt offering before the LORD; it is a sin offering. And the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering. And all its fat he shall turn into smoke on the altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of well-being; and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin, and it shall be forgiven him. And if any one of the people of the land sins unintentionally by doing one of the LORD’s commands that must not be done, and becomes guilty,
or the sin that he has sinned is made known to him, he shall bring his offering: a female goat without blemish, for his sin that he has sinned. And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering and slaughter the sin offering at the place of the burnt offering. And the priest shall take some of its blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar. And he shall remove all its fat, just as the fat is removed from the sacrifice of well-being; and the priest shall turn it into smoke on the altar for a pleasing aroma to the LORD. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him. But if he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring it—a female without blemish. And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering and slaughter it for a sin offering at the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered. And the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar. And he shall remove all its fat, as the fat of the lamb is removed from the sacrifice of well-being; and the priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar, upon the LORD’s fire-offerings. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin that he has sinned, and it shall be forgiven him. And if a person sins—having heard a voice of adjuration, and he is a witness, whether he has seen or known—if he does not make it known, he shall bear his iniquity.
Or a person who touches any unclean thing—whether the carcass of an unclean wild animal or the carcass of an unclean domestic animal or the carcass of an unclean swarming thing—and it was hidden from him, and he is unclean, and he becomes guilty;
Or if he touches human uncleanness, whatever uncleanness by which one becomes unclean, and it was hidden from him—then he comes to know it, and he is guilty;
Or if a person swears rashly with his lips, to do evil or to do good—whatever a person may utter in an oath—and it was hidden from him, then he comes to know it, and he is guilty in one of these,
then when he becomes guilty in one of these, he shall confess that wherein he has sinned. And he shall bring to the LORD, for his guilt for the sin that he has sinned, a female from the flock—a ewe-lamb or a female goat—for a sin offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin. But if he cannot afford a sheep, then he shall bring for his guilt that he has sinned two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the LORD: one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering. And he shall bring them to the priest, and the one for the sin offering he shall present first; and he shall pinch off its head at the back of its neck, but he shall not sever it. And he shall sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar, and the rest of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar; it is a sin offering. And the second he shall make a burnt offering according to the rule; and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin that he has sinned, and it shall be forgiven him. But if he cannot afford two turtledoves or two young pigeons, then he shall bring as his offering for the sin that he has sinned a tenth of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall not put oil upon it, nor shall he put frankincense upon it, for it is a sin offering. And he shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take from it a handful, its memorial portion, and turn it into smoke on the altar upon the LORD’s fire-offerings; it is a sin offering. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin that he has sinned in any of these, and it shall be forgiven him; and it shall belong to the priest like the grain offering.