The Guilt Offering
Leviticus 5:14-6:7
Lev.5.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Exod.25.1 (verbal): Same formulaic introduction — 'And the LORD spoke unto Moses, saying' — introducing divine instructions (here: offerings and the tabernacle).
- Lev.4.1 (verbal): Nearly identical verbal formula opening another section of priestly legislation in Leviticus; shows the recurring editorial device that frames sacrificial and cultic laws as direct speech to Moses.
- Num.1.1 (structural): A close structural parallel — the book opens sections with God speaking to Moses from Sinai to convey census and organization laws; highlights Moses as intermediary for divine commands.
- Lev.6.1 (thematic): Continues the same communicative pattern within Leviticus: divine speech to Moses introduces procedural and legal material (here: further laws about offerings and priests), demonstrating the consistent source-claim for these prescriptions.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Lev.5.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תמעל: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms,sg
- מעל: PREP
- וחטאה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בשגגה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מקדשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- והביא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אשמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- איל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בערכך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,ms
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שקלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בשקל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 5:14-16 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same unit describing the guilt (asham) for unintentionally trespassing against holy things and the option of bringing a ram or paying silver at the sanctuary rate — same legal formulation and terms.
- Leviticus 6:2-7 (thematic): Further priestly instructions for the guilt offering, including the requirement of a ram without blemish and the settlement of the offense before the Lord; expands on procedure and disposition of the offering.
- Numbers 5:6-8 (verbal): Commands confession and restitution with an added fifth for wrongs against another — parallels the compensatory/payment alternative to the sacrificial ram and the restitutional logic behind the asham.
- Leviticus 7:1-7 (structural): Regulations governing the guilt offering (asham) as a most holy sacrifice and its proper handling — complements Lev 5:15 by treating the cultic/ritual status and consumption rules of the offering.
Alternative generated candidates
- When a person commits a breach of faith and sins unintentionally in the holy things of the LORD, then he shall bring his guilt offering to the LORD: a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your valuation in silver shekels, by the sanctuary shekel, for a guilt offering.
- When a person commits a trespass and sins unintentionally regarding the LORD’s holy things, then he shall bring his guilt offering to the LORD: a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your valuation in silver shekels, according to the sanctuary shekel, for a guilt offering.
Lev.5.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ישלם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- חמישתו: NOUN,m,sg,suff,poss:3,m
- יוסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- לכהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- והכהן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יכפר: VERB,pi'el,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- באיל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
- האשם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונסלח: CONJ+VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.6:5 (verbal): Nearly identical prescription repeated later in the law: make restitution with a fifth added and the priest effects atonement with the ram of the guilt/trespass offering (close verbal parallel).
- Lev.5:15 (structural): Earlier provision in the same chapter concerning the asham (guilt) offering and priestly atonement for unintentional sins against holy things or a neighbor—same cultic/forensic framework.
- Num.5:7 (thematic): Requires confession and restoration to the injured party plus bringing a guilt offering; parallels the combination of monetary restitution and cultic atonement.
- Exod.22:1–4 (thematic): Civil laws on restitution for theft and damage (including additional payment or double restoration in some cases); articulates the broader principle of compensatory payment for wrongdoing.
- 2 Sam.12:6 (thematic): David orders restoration of multiplefold payment (‘fourfold’ in the narrative) as restitution for wrongdoing—illustrates the practice of making additional payment beyond the loss as rectification/punishment akin to the added one‑fifth.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he shall make restitution for what he has sinned against the holy thing, and he shall add a fifth to it and give it to the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and it shall be forgiven him.
- And that which he has sinned from the holy thing he shall make restitution for, and its fifth he shall add to it, and he shall give it to the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and it shall be forgiven him.
Lev.5.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תחטא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ועשתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- מכל: PREP
- מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ואשם: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
- ונשא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עונו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.4.2 (verbal): Same legal formula treating sin committed 'through ignorance' (unintentional sin) and prescribing guilt and atonement procedures.
- Lev.5.1-13 (structural): Immediate literary context giving parallel cases and sacrificial/trespass-offering regulations for various inadvertent sins and failures to testify.
- Num.15.27-31 (thematic): Distinguishes sins committed unintentionally (with required offering) from willful/presumptuous sin — echoes the Levitical concern with ignorance versus deliberate transgression.
- Ps.19:12-13 (allusion): Psalmist prays for cleansing from 'secret' or inadvertent sins and asks for protection from presumptuous sins — thematically parallels the concern for sins done 'and he did not know.'
- Heb.10:26 (thematic): New Testament reflection on the difference between willful sin and guilty transgression; implicitly contrasts the sacrificial atonement for unintentional sins in the Torah with the consequences of deliberate rejection.
Alternative generated candidates
- And if a person sins, doing any of all the commandments of the LORD that must not be done, though he did not know, yet he is guilty and shall bear his iniquity.
- And if a person sins and does one of all the LORD’s commands that must not be done, though he did not know, he is guilty and shall bear his iniquity.
Lev.5.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והביא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- איל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בערכך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,ps:2,m,sg
- לאשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- שגגתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,ps:3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שגג: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ונסלח: CONJ+VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:27-31 (verbal): Describes the sin offering for an ordinary person and uses the same priestly language: the priest makes atonement for the sin committed unintentionally and it is forgiven.
- Numbers 15:27-28 (verbal): Explicitly states that when someone sins unintentionally the congregation or individual shall bring a sacrifice and the priest will make atonement for the ignorant sin — same principle of priestly atonement for inadvertent sin.
- Leviticus 16:6-10 (thematic): Day of Atonement rituals: priestly sacrifice and designation of victims to make atonement for the people’s sins, echoing the role of the priest and sacrificial substitution to secure forgiveness.
- Hebrews 9:7 (thematic): New Testament reflection on the priestly atonement role: the high priest enters the holy place with blood to make atonement for the people’s sins, drawing theological connection to the sacrificial/atonement system exemplified in Leviticus 5:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall bring to the priest a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your valuation, for a guilt offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his error that he erred, though he did not know, and it shall be forgiven him.
- And he shall bring a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your valuation, for a guilt offering, to the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his error that he erred, though he did not know, and it shall be forgiven him.
Lev.5.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- אשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 5:15 (verbal): Uses the term אשם ('guilt'/'guilt offering') for an unintentional sin and prescribes bringing an אשם to the priest—same technical vocabulary and category as Lev 5:19.
- Leviticus 7:1 (structural): 'This is the law of the guilt offering (משפט האשם)'—formal legal summary that defines the category אשם referenced in Lev 5:19.
- Leviticus 6:2–7 (thematic): Describes cases requiring restitution and a priestly act of atonement for one who is guilty—parallels Lev 5:19's assertion of guilt before YHWH and the remedial cultic procedure.
- Numbers 5:7 (thematic): Prescribes confession, full restitution plus a fifth, and compensation given to the injured party—parallels the guilt-restoration logic tied to being 'guilty before the LORD.'
- 1 Samuel 6:3–4 (verbal): Philistines are instructed to send a 'guilt offering' (אשם) with the ark—uses the same technical term and concept of an אשם made to placate YHWH.
Alternative generated candidates
- It is a guilt offering; he has indeed incurred guilt before the LORD.
- It is a guilt offering; guilt he has incurred before the LORD.
Lev.5.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Lev.1.1 (verbal): Uses the identical opening formula 'וידבר יהוה אל־משה לאמר' to introduce priestly/ritual legislation — same divine-to‑Moses speech marker as Lev 5:20.
- Lev.4.1 (verbal): Another instance in Leviticus where the exact phrase 'וידבר יהוה אל־משה לאמר' introduces detailed sin‑offering instructions, showing the recurring legal/sacrificial speech pattern.
- Exod.20.1 (structural): 'וידבר אלהים את כל־הדברים האלה לאמר' — different divine name but the same structural formula introducing authoritative divine commandments (the Decalogue), paralleling the speech‑introduction function of Lev 5:20.
- Num.1.1 (verbal): 'ויאמר יהוה אל־משה במדבר סיני לאמר' — a closely related wording that introduces administrative/legal orders (the census), illustrating the common divine‑to‑Moses legislative formula.
- Num.27.12 (thematic): 'ויאמר ה׳ אל־משה' (God speaks to Moses about entering the land and leadership transition) — thematically parallels Lev 5:20 as a moment of direct divine instruction to Moses with practical/legal consequences.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Lev.5.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תחטא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ומעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- מעל: PREP
- ביהוה: PREP+PN,sg
- וכחש: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- בעמיתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- בפקדון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- בתשומת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- בגזל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- עשק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עמיתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
Parallels
- Leviticus 6:2-5 (6:1-7 LXX/MT differences) (structural): Direct continuation/parallel within the priestly law describing the same sin (deceiving a neighbor about a deposit/pledge/robbery/oppression) and prescribing confession, restitution and a guilt offering.
- Numbers 5:7 (verbal): Repeats the prescription for making restitution plus one-fifth and bringing a guilt offering after deceit or wrongful seizure of a neighbor’s property — closely echoes language and remedy.
- Exodus 22:1, 7-9 (thematic): Laws on theft, restitution and guardian responsibility for deposits/pledges; addresses similar kinds of misappropriation and liabilities for loss.
- Deuteronomy 25:13-16 (thematic): Prohibits dishonest commercial practices (false weights/measures) and condemns defrauding others — thematically related to deceit and oppression of a neighbor in economic matters.
Alternative generated candidates
- When a person sins and commits a breach of faith against the LORD, and denies to his fellow concerning a deposit, or a pledge placed in his hand, or by robbery, or has extorted his fellow,
- When a person sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD by deceiving his fellow in a deposit, or in a matter entrusted into the hand, or by robbery, or has extorted his fellow:
Lev.5.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- או: CONJ
- מצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אבדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכחש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ונשבע: VERB,nif,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- מכל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לחטא: VERB,qal,inf
- בהנה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Lev.6:2-5 (verbal): Nearly identical law repeated immediately after Leviticus 5: about finding lost property, lying about it or swearing falsely, and the requirement of restitution and guilt offering.
- Num.5:6-8 (structural): Prescribes confession and restitution (with an additional fifth) for trespass or wrongs — parallels the requirement to make right wrongs committed by deception or false oath.
- Deut.22:1-3 (thematic): Commands return of lost property to a neighbor and care for another’s goods — addresses the underlying duty violated when one finds and then lies about lost property.
- Deut.19:16-19 (thematic): Laws against false testimony and the consequences for false accusers; connects to the prohibition of swearing falsely and bearing falsehood in legal and communal settings.
- Ps.15:4 (thematic): Describes the righteous person as one who keeps an oath even to his own hurt and does not change — echoes the value of truthful speech and fidelity in oaths opposed to false swearing.
Alternative generated candidates
- or finds a lost thing and denies it, and swears falsely—concerning any of all that a person does, sinning in any of these—
- or finds a lost thing and denies it, and swears falsely—about any of all that a person does to sin by these:
Lev.5.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- יחטא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ואשם: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
- והשיב: VERB,hip,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הגזלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- גזל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- או: CONJ
- את: PRT,acc
- העשק: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- את: PRT,acc
- הפקדון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הפקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- או: CONJ
- את: PRT,acc
- האבדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- מצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 22:1-4 (verbal): Laws concerning theft and the requirement to restore what was taken (and in some cases add compensation) — closely parallels Lev 5:23's prescription to return stolen goods or lost items.
- Leviticus 6:2-7 (structural): A nearly parallel legal passage within Leviticus that repeats the confession/restoration requirement for theft or deceit and prescribes a guilt offering plus restitution — an expansion of Lev 5:23.
- Numbers 5:6-8 (verbal): Prescribes that one who is guilty of a wrong must confess, restore the wronged property, and add a fifth, then bring a guilt offering — parallels the confession and restitution motif of Lev 5:23.
- Deuteronomy 22:1-3 (thematic): Commands Israelites to return lost property or help recover it; thematically parallels Lev 5:23's mention of restoring an found lost thing to its owner.
- Luke 19:8 (thematic): The NT example of Zacchaeus promising to repay those he defrauded (restoration and compensation) echoes the biblical principle in Lev 5:23 of making restitution for unjust gain.
Alternative generated candidates
- then, when he sins and is guilty, he shall restore the thing he robbed, or the thing he extorted, or the deposit that was entrusted to him, or the lost thing that he found,
- then, when he sins and is guilty, he shall restore the theft that he stole, or what he obtained by extortion, or the deposit that was entrusted to him, or the lost thing that he found;
Lev.5.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- או: CONJ
- מכל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישבע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- לשקר: VERB,qal,inf
- ושלם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- בראשו: PREP,3,m,sg
- וחמשתיו: NOUN,m,sg,poss3,m,sg
- יסף: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- לאשר: CONJ
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יתננו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- אשמתו: NOUN,f,sg,poss3,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 5:6-8 (verbal): Nearly identical legal formula: the offender confesses, restores the principal, adds a fifth, and gives it to the injured party on the day of presenting his guilt offering — same ritual/penal prescription.
- Leviticus 6:2-5 (verbal): A parallel priestly instruction repeating and expanding the guilt-offering/restitution rule: guilty persons must restore what was taken and add a fifth, with provisions for the offering — same covenant-law context.
- Leviticus 5:16 (verbal): Earlier in the same chapter the text prescribes restitution for stolen or wrongfully kept property plus the one-fifth addition — the same remedy applied to different kinds of trespass.
- Exodus 22:1 (thematic): Establishes the broader Torah principle of mandated restitution with multiplicative penalties for theft (e.g., fivefold/fourfold), thematically related to Leviticus’ requirement to add a fifth as compensation.
Alternative generated candidates
- or anything about which he has sworn falsely; he shall repay it in full and add a fifth to it. To whomever it belongs he shall give it on the day he realizes his guilt.
- or anything about which he has sworn falsely; he shall pay it in full and add its fifth to it; to whomever it belongs he shall give it on the day of his guilt.
Lev.5.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- אשמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יביא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- איל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בערכך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,2ms
- לאשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 5:14-19 (verbal): Same case of a guilt (asham) offering: the offender must restore + add a fifth and bring 'a ram without blemish from the flock' to the priest — language and requirement closely parallel Lev 5:25.
- Leviticus 6:1-7 (Heb. 7:1-7) (structural): Gives the legal framework for trespass/guilt and restitution procedures, including the requirement to make restitution and the priest’s role in receiving the offering — parallels the legal function of the asham in Lev 5:25.
- Leviticus 7:1-7 (thematic): Treats the law and disposition of the guilt offering (asham) and priestly handling of sacrifices, providing procedural and cultic background for the ram offered in Lev 5:25.
- Numbers 5:6-8 (thematic): Addresses confession and restitution when one wrongs another and the obligation to restore and add a fifth — thematically related to the compensatory/restorative purpose of the guilt offering in Lev 5:25.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he shall bring his guilt offering to the LORD: a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your valuation, for a guilt offering, to the priest;
- And his guilt offering he shall bring to the LORD: a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your valuation, for a guilt offering, to the priest.
Lev.5.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ונסלח: CONJ+VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- מכל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לאשמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Lev.4:20 (verbal): Same ritual formula: the priest makes atonement before the LORD and the sin is forgiven — nearly identical language and function within Levitical sin-offering instructions.
- Num.15:27-28 (verbal): For unintended sins by an individual or the community the priest makes atonement and the LORD forgives — closely parallels the procedure and promise of forgiveness in Lev.5:26.
- Ps.32:5 (thematic): David describes confession followed by divine forgiveness of sin — thematically parallels the outcome of atonement in Leviticus (guilt removed through priestly mediation/repentance).
- Isa.6:7 (allusion): The seraph’s touch removes guilt and purges sin — an individual cleansing language that echoes the atoning/purifying result attributed to priestly sacrifice in Leviticus.
- Heb.10:18 (structural): Declares that where sins are forgiven there is no more offering for sin — reflects the theological consequence of atonement rituals in Leviticus (forgiveness accomplished by the priestly sacrifice).
Alternative generated candidates
- and the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD, and it shall be forgiven him for any of all that he does to incur guilt thereby.
- And the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD, and it shall be forgiven him concerning any of all that he does by which he becomes guilty.
Lev.6.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Exodus 25:1 (verbal): Uses the identical opening formula (וידבר יהוה אל־משה לאמר) to introduce divine commands — here the instructions concerning offerings and the tabernacle.
- Leviticus 4:1 (verbal): Same verbal formula introducing a section of cultic legislation (laws concerning the sin offering); a direct recurrence of the Levitical legal-speech pattern.
- Leviticus 5:14 (verbal): Another immediate Levitical instance of the exact phrase, introducing laws about guilt and restitution; shows the formula’s regular use to preface legal rulings.
- Numbers 5:1 (structural): Same introductory scheme (YHWH speaks to Moses) used to introduce purity/exclusion regulations — a structural parallel in the legal-procedural corpus.
- Numbers 28:1 (thematic): Though in a different book, this verse opens with the same divine-to-Moses frame to introduce cultic/offerings regulations, thematically parallel to Leviticus 6’s sacrificial material.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Lev.6.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- תורת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- על: PREP
- מוקדה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כל: DET
- הלילה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תוקד: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 27:20-21 (thematic): Aaron and his sons are commanded to keep the lamp in the tabernacle burning from evening to morning — a parallel duty of continuous cultic maintenance (continuous sacred fire/lamp).
- Exodus 29:38-42 (thematic): Prescribes the regular burnt offerings to be made morning and evening on the altar, situating Lev.6.2’s instruction about an ever-burning altar within the daily sacrificial rhythm.
- Numbers 28:3-4 (thematic): Describes the daily (day-by-day continually) offering made by fire — emphasizes the ongoing, continual character of offerings and the altar’s activity echoed in Lev.6.2.
- Leviticus 6:13 (verbal): A near-verbatim reiteration in the same chapter: 'the fire upon the altar shall be kept burning; it shall not go out,' directly restating the command of Lev.6.2.
Alternative generated candidates
- Command Aaron and his sons, saying: This is the instruction of the burnt offering: it is the burnt offering on its hearth upon the altar all night until morning, and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning on it.
- Command Aaron and his sons, saying: This is the instruction of the burnt offering: the burnt offering—it shall be on its hearth upon the altar all night until morning, and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning on it.
Lev.6.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולבש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מדו: NOUN,m,sg,poss-3ms
- בד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומכנסי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- בד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ילבש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- והרים: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הדשן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- האש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- על: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ושמו: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- אצל: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exod.28.42 (verbal): Direct instruction to make linen undergarments for Aaron and his sons to cover their nakedness when ministering at the tent/altar—same garment-duty language as Lev 6:3.
- Exod.39.27-29 (structural): Narrative account of the actual making and vesting of the linen undergarments for Aaron and his sons, echoing the legal prescription found in Leviticus.
- Lev.16.4 (verbal): Requirement that the high priest put on holy linen garments (including linen undergarments) when entering the Holy of Holies—parallel rule associating linen vestments with sacred service and handling of offerings.
- Ezek.44.19 (thematic): Later prophetic restatement that priests must wear linen garments when ministering (and remove them afterward), reflecting the same concern for proper priestly dress and purity in service as Lev 6:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the priest shall put on his linen tunic, and linen undergarments he shall put on his flesh; and he shall lift up the ashes to which the fire has reduced the burnt offering on the altar and set them beside the altar.
- And the priest shall put on his linen tunic, and linen undergarments he shall put on over his flesh; and he shall lift up the ashes of the burnt offering that the fire has consumed on the altar and place them beside the altar.
Lev.6.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ופשט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ולבש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בגדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אחרים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- והוציא: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הדשן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- מחוץ: PREP
- למחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טהור: ADJ,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 19:9 (verbal): Commands that the ashes of the red heifer be gathered and put 'outside the camp in a clean place'—directly parallels carrying sacrificial ashes outside the camp to a clean place.
- Leviticus 16:23 (structural): Day of Atonement ritual where the high priest changes and washes garments when entering and leaving the sanctuary—parallels the priestly practice of removing/putting on garments and cleansing during cultic service.
- Numbers 8:7 (thematic): Levites are shaved and wash their clothes as part of purification before service—similar concern with washing and changing garments to secure ritual purity for priestly duties.
- Hebrews 13:11-13 (allusion): NT draws on the cultic image of sacrificial remains burned 'outside the camp' and applies it typologically to Jesus, echoing the motif of disposal of sacrificial refuse beyond the precincts of the cult.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then he shall take off his garments and put on other garments and carry the ashes outside the camp to a clean place.
- Then he shall take off his garments and put on other garments, and he shall bring the ashes out to a place outside the camp, to a clean place.
Lev.6.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והאש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תוקד: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- תכבה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ובער: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בבקר: PREP
- בבקר: PREP
- וערך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- והקטיר: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- חלבי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- השלמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 6:12-13 (verbal): Repeats and expands the same injunction: the fire on the altar must be kept burning and not go out; the priest must tend wood and offerings each morning (same ritual duty).
- Numbers 28:3-4 (thematic): Prescribes the regular morning and evening burnt offerings—parallel emphasis on daily, scheduled cultic service and priestly responsibilities.
- Exodus 27:20-21 (thematic): Commands Aaron and his sons to keep the lamp(s) of the Tabernacle burning continually—a related theme of perpetual sacred fire/light tended by priests.
- Leviticus 3:3 (verbal): About the peace/’shelamim’ offering: the fat is to be burned on the altar—directly parallels the instruction to burn the fat of peace offerings on the altar.
- Exodus 30:7-8 (structural): Mandates Aaron to burn incense morning and evening before the LORD—structurally parallels the pattern of prescribed morning/evening cultic actions and perpetual service.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the fire on the altar shall be kept burning on it; it shall not go out. And the priest shall burn wood on it morning by morning, and he shall arrange on it the burnt offering and turn into smoke on it the fat portions of the well-being offerings.
- And the fire on the altar shall be kept burning on it; it must not go out. And the priest shall burn wood on it morning by morning, and he shall arrange upon it the burnt offering, and turn into smoke upon it the fat pieces of the well-being offerings.
Lev.6.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תמיד: ADV
- תוקד: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- תכבה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 6:13 (verbal): Repetition within the same law: restates that the fire on the altar must be kept burning and not be extinguished.
- Exodus 27:20-21 (verbal): Command to keep the lamp(s) in the tabernacle burning continually—language of continual/everlasting burning parallels the altar-fire command.
- Leviticus 24:2-4 (verbal): Instruction to supply oil so the lampstand’s lamps are kept burning continually in the sanctuary; parallels the motif of perpetual sacred fire/light.
- Numbers 8:2-3 (structural): Regulation about the lampstand and the arrangement of its lamps to give continuous light before the LORD—structurally related to the ongoing duty to maintain sanctuary light/fire.
Alternative generated candidates
- A perpetual fire shall be kept burning on the altar; it shall not go out.
- A perpetual fire shall be kept burning on the altar; it must not go out.
Lev.6.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וזאת: CONJ+DEM,f,sg
- תורת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- המנחה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הקרב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 2:2 (verbal): Both verses give the procedure for the grain (meal) offering and explicitly direct that it be brought to Aaron/the priests before the LORD (use of 'מנחה' and presentation to the priest/altar).
- Numbers 28:2 (verbal): Numbers uses the same priestly-address formula—'Command Aaron and his sons'—and specifies what offerings the priests are to present, paralleling the assignment of the grain offering to Aaron's sons.
- Leviticus 1:2 (structural): Both verses function as formulaic introductions to sacrificial regulations ('This is the law/this is the rule') and assign responsibility for offerings, showing a common Levitical legislative structure.
- Hebrews 10:11-12 (thematic): New Testament reflection on priestly ministry: priests continually offer sacrifices before God (repeating ritual duties), which thematically echoes the Levitical obligation for Aaron's sons to present offerings before the Lord, later contrasted with Christ's single perfect sacrifice.
Alternative generated candidates
- And this is the instruction of the grain offering: the sons of Aaron shall bring it before the LORD, in front of the altar.
- And this is the instruction of the grain offering: the sons of Aaron shall bring it before the LORD, in front of the altar.
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
When a person commits a trespass and sins unintentionally in the holy things of the LORD, then he shall bring as his guilt offering to the LORD a ram without blemish from the flock, by your valuation, in silver shekels, according to the sanctuary shekel, for a guilt offering. And that which he has sinned in regard to the holy thing he shall make restitution for, and he shall add to it a fifth; and he shall give it to the priest, and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and it shall be forgiven him. And if a person sins and does any of all the LORD’s commandments that must not be done, though he did not know, yet he is guilty and shall bear his iniquity. And he shall bring to the priest a ram without blemish from the flock, by your valuation, for a guilt offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his error that he committed unintentionally, though he did not know, and it shall be forgiven him.
It is a guilt offering; he has indeed incurred guilt before the LORD. And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
When a person sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD by dealing falsely with his fellow in a deposit, or in a trust placed in his hand, or by robbery, or by extorting his fellow,
or finds what was lost and lies about it, and swears falsely—on any of all that a person does to sin thereby—
then it shall be, when he sins and becomes guilty, that he shall restore the robbery that he robbed, or the extortion that he extorted, or the deposit that was entrusted to him, or the lost thing that he found,
or anything at all about which he swore falsely; he shall repay it in full and shall add to it a fifth; to the one to whom it belongs he shall give it on the day he brings his guilt offering. And his guilt offering he shall bring to the LORD: a ram without blemish from the flock, by your valuation, for a guilt offering, to the priest. And the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD, and it shall be forgiven him concerning any of all that he may do to incur guilt thereby. And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Command Aaron and his sons, saying: This is the instruction of the burnt offering: The burnt offering is to remain on its hearth on the altar all night until morning, and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning on it. And the priest shall put on his linen garment, and linen undergarments he shall put on his body; and he shall lift away the ashes to which the fire has reduced the burnt offering on the altar, and he shall set them beside the altar.
Then he shall take off his garments and put on other garments, and he shall carry the ashes outside the camp to a clean place. And the fire on the altar shall be kept burning on it; it shall not go out. And the priest shall burn wood on it morning by morning, and he shall arrange the burnt offering on it and turn into smoke on it the fat portions of the peace offerings.
A perpetual fire shall be kept burning on the altar; it shall not go out. And this is the instruction of the grain offering: the sons of Aaron shall present it before the LORD, in front of the altar.