Moses Flees to Midian
Exodus 2:11-25
Exo.2.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ההם: PRON,dem,m,pl
- ויגדל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- אחיו: NOUN,3,m,sg,abs
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בסבלתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מצרי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- מכה: VERB,qal,ptc,act,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עברי: ADJ,m,sg
- מאחיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF:3,m,sg
Parallels
- Acts 7:23–25 (quotation): Stephen retells the Exodus episode almost verbatim: Moses, grown, goes out to his brethren, sees one of them suffer, and intervenes—direct NT quotation/allusion to Exod 2:11–15.
- Exod.2:12–15 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Moses sees an Egyptian strike a Hebrew (v.11), then kills the Egyptian and flees—same episode and sequence of actions.
- Exod.3:7 (thematic): God declares He has 'seen' the Israelites' affliction and will act; echoes the motif of perception of suffering in Exod 2:11 (Moses 'sees' their burdens) that prompts response.
- Hebrews 11:24–26 (thematic): Portrays Moses' later life-choice to identify with Israel and endure reproach — thematically linked to his earlier solidarity with his 'brethren' when he saw and responded to their oppression.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass in those days that Moses grew and went out to his brothers and saw their burdens; and he saw an Egyptian man striking a Hebrew man, one of his brothers.
- And it came to pass in those days that Moses grew up and went out to his brothers and saw their burdens; and he saw an Egyptian man striking a Hebrew man, one of his brothers.
Exo.2.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויפן: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כה: ADV
- וכה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- אין: PART,neg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המצרי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ויטמנהו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בחול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Acts 7:24-25 (quotation): Stephen's retelling explicitly recounts Moses seeing an Egyptian oppress a Hebrew, killing the Egyptian and defending the oppressed—direct New Testament reference to the same incident.
- Exodus 2:11-15 (structural): Immediate narrative context: verse 11 introduces Moses' observation and motive; verses 13–15 narrate the confrontation, discovery, and Moses' flight—same episode expanded.
- Genesis 4:8-10 (thematic): Cain's murder of Abel and the subsequent divine inquiry parallels themes of fratricide/kin-slaying, hidden violence, and divine awareness of the crime.
- Psalm 82:3-4 (thematic): Calls to defend the weak and deliver the oppressed echo Moses' motive in intervening on behalf of a suffering Hebrew against an oppressor.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he turned this way and that, and he saw that there was no man; and he struck the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.
- He turned this way and that, and when he saw that there was no man, he struck down the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.
Exo.2.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
- והנה: ADV
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עברים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נצים: VERB,qal,ptcp,-,m,pl
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לרשע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למה: ADV
- תכה: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
- רעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Acts 7:26 (quotation): Stephen recounts the same incident and records Moses’ words to the fighters — a direct retelling of Moses’ attempt to stop Hebrews from harming one another.
- Exodus 2:14 (structural): Immediate continuation of the episode: after Moses intervenes he is challenged by one Hebrew — the narrative link shows the outcome of his interposition.
- Genesis 4:8–9 (thematic): Early example of fraternal violence and confrontation between brothers; both passages center on conflict between kin and the moral question posed about harming a fellow Israelite.
- Genesis 37:18–20 (thematic): Joseph’s brothers plot to harm him; like Exodus 2:13 this passage highlights intra-family/tribal violence and the dynamics of one Israelite attacking another.
- Leviticus 19:17 (thematic): Law against harboring hatred and the injunction to rebuke a neighbor — thematically connected to Moses’ role in reproving and seeking to stop wrongful harm among his people.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he went out on the second day, and behold, two Hebrew men were fighting; and he said to the one in the wrong, 'Why do you strike your fellow?'
- He went out the next day, and there—two Hebrew men were fighting; and he said to the one in the wrong, 'Why do you strike your fellow?'
Exo.2.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- שמך: NOUN,m,sg,cs,2,m,sg
- לאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושפט: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- הלהרגני: INT+PREP+VERB,qal,inf,1,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- הרגת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המצרי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ויירא: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אכן: ADV
- נודע: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exod.2:11-15 (structural): Immediate narrative context — verses describe Moses killing the Egyptian, hiding the body, and being confronted by an Israelite who asks, “Who made you a prince and a judge over us?” (the same incident continued into 2:14).
- Acts 7:23-29 (quotation): Stephen’s retelling of the same episode: he recounts Moses killing the Egyptian, attempting to reconcile Israelites, being rejected, and then fleeing — a direct New Testament retelling of Exod 2 events.
- Numbers 16:1-3 (thematic): Korah’s challenge to Moses’ leadership (“You take too much upon you… who made you a prince and a judge over us?” resonates with the same theme of Israelites rejecting or challenging Moses’ authority).
- Hebrews 11:24-26 (thematic): Reflects Moses’ motives and identity amid conflict with Egypt — Moses chooses solidarity with Israel rather than Egyptian honors, thematically linked to the episode in which his intervention and authority produce conflict and rejection.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said, 'Who set you as ruler and judge over us? Do you intend to kill me as you killed the Egyptian?' Then Moses was afraid and said, 'Surely the matter is known.'
- He said, 'Who set you as a ruler and judge over us? Do you intend to kill me as you killed the Egyptian?' Then Moses feared and said, 'Surely the matter is known.'
Exo.2.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- ויבקש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- להרג: PREP+INF,qal
- את: PRT,acc
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויברח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מפני: PREP
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- הבאר: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 29:2-11 (structural): A fugitive arrives in a foreign land, comes to a well, and there encounters a future wife (Jacob meets Rachel) — parallels Moses fleeing to Midian and sitting by a well before meeting Zipporah.
- 1 Kings 19:3-4 (thematic): Elijah, threatened by Jezebel, flees for his life into the wilderness — similar motif of a prophet fleeing a royal threat and finding refuge.
- Matthew 2:13 (thematic): An earthly ruler (Herod) seeks to kill an important child and the family must flee for safety — echoes Pharaoh’s pursuit of Moses and the motif of flight from a king’s murderous intent.
- Exodus 1:22 (verbal): Pharaoh’s earlier decree to kill Hebrew male infants shows the recurring theme of the Egyptian ruler seeking the lives of Hebrew males, linked to the later attempt on Moses’ life.
- Jonah 1:3 (thematic): Jonah’s attempt to flee from divine mission by departing for Tarshish parallels the broader biblical motif of a chosen figure fleeing danger or calling and seeking refuge elsewhere.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Pharaoh heard of this matter and sought to kill Moses; and Moses fled from before Pharaoh and settled in the land of Midian, and he sat by the well.
- Pharaoh heard of this matter and sought to kill Moses; but Moses fled from the presence of Pharaoh and settled in the land of Midian, and he sat down by the well.
Exo.2.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולכהן: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ותבאנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,pl
- ותדלנה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,pl
- ותמלאנה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הרהטים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- להשקות: VERB,qal,inf
- צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אביהן: NOUN,m,sg,suff
Parallels
- Genesis 24:11-20 (verbal): Rebekah draws water at a well and waters the camels; shares the concrete verb/image of drawing/filling water and providing for animals—a close verbal parallel to the daughters drawing and filling troughs.
- Genesis 29:1-11 (verbal): Jacob meets Rachel at a well where she has come with her father's sheep; Rachel (a young woman/shepherdess) and the act of watering flocks closely mirror the Midianite daughters’ activity and social setting.
- John 4:5-15 (thematic): Jesus’ encounter with the Samaritan woman at the well: a significant meeting initiated by a woman drawing water. The episode echoes the motif of an outsider/stranger intersecting with local women at a watering place, leading to hospitality and revelation.
- Exodus 2:17-22 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same incident: the daughters return, drive off shepherds, tell their father, and invite Moses to stay—shows the narrative function and consequences of their watering the flock in the Exodus account.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the priest of Midian had seven daughters; and they came and drew water and filled the troughs to water their father's flock.
- Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters; they came and drew water and filled the troughs to water their father's flock.
Exo.2.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הרעים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויגרשום: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויושען: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- וישק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- צאנם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 29:10 (verbal): Same verbal motif: Jacob/young shepherd 'watered the flock' (וַיִּשְׁק אֶת־הַצֹּאן) — the act of a stranger/shepherd watering others' sheep echoes Moses' watering and protecting the flock.
- 1 Samuel 17:34-36 (thematic): David describes rescuing his sheep from a lion and a bear — motif of the youthful shepherd who defends the flock, paralleling Moses' intervention to protect Jethro's daughters and their sheep.
- Acts 7:23-30 (structural): Stephen's speech retells Moses' early career — seeing oppression, intervening, and then fleeing to Midian — a structural retelling of the same rescuing/defender episodes represented by Exodus 2:17.
- John 10:11-16 (thematic): Jesus as the Good Shepherd who protects and lays down his life for the sheep — later theological development of the protective-shepherd motif illustrated by Moses' rescue of the flock.
- Ezekiel 34:11-16 (thematic): God as shepherd who seeks, rescues and cares for scattered sheep — echoes the rescue/protection imagery of one who defends and waters the flock as in Exodus 2:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the shepherds came and drove them away, but Moses stood up and delivered them and watered their flock.
- But the shepherds came and drove them away; then Moses rose and rescued them and watered their flock.
Exo.2.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותבאנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,pl
- אל: NEG
- רעואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביהן: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מדוע: ADV
- מהרתן: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,pl
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 29:9-11 (verbal): Rachel (and her sisters) meet shepherds at a well, then run to tell their father Laban — parallels the ‘maidens at the well’ scene and the quick return to report to their father found in Exod 2:18.
- Genesis 24:28-30 (thematic): Rebekah, after meeting Abraham's servant at the well, hurries to tell her household. Shares the motif of a young woman at a well who goes back to report the encounter to her family.
- Exodus 18:6-7 (allusion): Later scene in which Moses meets his father-in-law (called Jethro/Reuel) and reports events; connects the household of Reuel in Exod 2 with the later appearance of Jethro as the family head who hears news and gives counsel.
- Numbers 27:1-5 (structural): The daughters of Zelophehad stand before Moses to present their case—another Israelite narrative where women take initiative in addressing the family/leadership, echoing the active role of Reuel’s daughters in Exod 2.
Alternative generated candidates
- And they came to Reuel their father, and he said, 'How is it that you have come so quickly today?'
- When they came to Reuel their father, he said, 'How is it that you have come so quickly today?'
Exo.2.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותאמרן: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מצרי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- הצילנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מיד: PREP
- הרעים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וגם: CONJ
- דלה: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- דלה: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- וישק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exod.2:16-17 (verbal): Same immediate narrative: the Midianite daughters come to draw water, shepherds drive them off, and Moses stands up to help and waters the flock — verse 2:19 is the daughters' report of this act.
- Gen.29:10-11 (verbal): Jacob meets Rachel at a well and the flocks are watered — the well‑scene and the act of watering sheep form a close verbal and structural parallel (meeting a future wife while watering flocks).
- Gen.24:18-20 (verbal): Rebekah draws water and waters the camels of Abraham's servant; the motif of drawing water as hospitality and the sign that leads to marriage parallels the Midianite daughters' well episode.
- Josh.2:9-11 (thematic): Rahab, a foreigner, hides and protects Israelite spies — thematically parallel to a foreign (Egyptian) figure who intervenes to rescue/assist members of the community in Exodus 2:19.
- John 4:7-15 (thematic): Jesus' encounter with the Samaritan woman at the well emphasizes a life‑changing, dialogic well‑scene and water imagery; thematically parallel to the transformative meeting and watering of flocks in Exodus 2.
Alternative generated candidates
- And they said, 'An Egyptian man delivered us from the hand of the shepherds, and even drew water for us and watered the flock.'
- They said, 'An Egyptian man delivered us from the hand of the shepherds; and even he drew water for us and watered the flock.'
Exo.2.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- בנתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
- ואיו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,pl
- למה: ADV
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- עזבתן: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- קראן: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- ויאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 24:31-33 (verbal): Abraham's servant is welcomed at the well and invited to eat; parallels the motif and language of inviting a stranger to 'eat bread' after an encounter at a well.
- Genesis 29:2-10 (thematic): Rachel's meeting with Jacob at the well (and the hospitality surrounding that meeting) parallels the setting of women at a well encountering and aiding an outsider.
- Ruth 2:14 (thematic): Boaz invites the weary Ruth to eat, echoing the act of offering food and hospitality to a stranger or newcomer as in Exodus 2:20.
- Genesis 18:6-8 (thematic): Abraham's prompt preparation of food for unexpected guests exemplifies the broader biblical hospitality motif—calling and setting food before a visitor, as in Exod 2:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said to his daughters, 'And where is he? Why is it that you left the man? Call him, that he may eat bread.'
- He said to his daughters, 'And where is he? Why then have you left the man? Call him, that he may eat bread.'
Exo.2.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויואל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לשבת: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- צפרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- למשה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 29:18-30 (thematic): Jacob serves Laban for years and is given Laban's daughters in marriage — parallels the motif of labor/service to a household resulting in marriage to the father's daughter.
- Exodus 18:2-6 (structural): Jethro brings Zipporah and Moses' sons to him in the wilderness, confirming Zipporah as the wife given to Moses and linking back to Exod 2:21.
- Exodus 4:24-26 (structural): Zipporah acts decisively to circumcise her son to avert divine wrath on Moses; directly involves Zipporah and highlights her role as Moses' wife.
- Numbers 12:1 (allusion): Miriam and Aaron oppose Moses 'because of the Cushite woman' he married—an episode reflecting tensions surrounding Moses' marriage (often connected to Zipporah).
- 1 Samuel 18:25-27 (thematic): Saul gives his daughter Michal to David as the outcome of David's deeds; parallels the pattern of a bride being given as a result of service or accomplishment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses was willing to dwell with the man, and he gave Zipporah his daughter to Moses.
- Moses agreed to stay with the man, and he gave Zipporah his daughter to Moses.
Exo.2.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותלד: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- גרשם: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- כי: CONJ
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- גר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הייתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- נכריה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 23:4 (verbal): Abraham declares 'I am a stranger and sojourner' (ger v'toshav) in the land; parallels the language and idea behind the name Gershom—'I have been a stranger in a foreign land.'
- Deuteronomy 26:5 (thematic): The Passover/confessional line 'A wandering Aramean was my father' evokes Israel's origins as sojourners in foreign lands, thematically matching the motif of being a stranger expressed by Gershom's name.
- Psalm 119:19 (verbal): The psalmist says 'I am a stranger on the earth' (uses ger), echoing the same vocabulary and self‑description reflected in the name Gershom.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6 (structural): Later genealogical lists associate Gershon/Gershom with Levitical families (the Gershonites), linking the personal name given in Exod 2:22 to subsequent tribal/clerical structures and traditions.
Alternative generated candidates
- And she bore a son, and he called his name Gershom, for he said, 'I have been a sojourner in a foreign land.'
- She bore a son, and he called his name Gershom, for he said, 'I have been a sojourner in a foreign land.'
Exo.2.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הרבים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- ההם: DEM,m,pl
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ויאנחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- העבדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויזעקו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ותעל: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- שועתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- העבדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 3:7-9 (verbal): God responds that He has 'seen the affliction' and that 'the cry of the children of Israel is come unto me' — directly echoes the motif of Israel's sighing and cry in Exod 2:23.
- Exodus 6:5 (verbal): God says 'I have heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage'—same vocabulary and assurance that God has heard their suffering.
- Genesis 15:13-14 (thematic): Divine promise that Abram's descendants will be afflicted in a foreign land and later delivered — frames the oppression in Exodus as fulfillment of earlier promise and pattern of suffering and eventual rescue.
- Psalm 106:44-45 (thematic): The psalm recounts Israel's cries in distress and God 'had compassion' and 'remembered his covenant' — retells the Exodus motif of Israel's cry leading to divine intervention.
- Acts 7:34 (quotation): Stephen cites God's words ('I have surely seen the affliction... I have come down to deliver them'), explicitly linking the Exodus narrative of suffering and divine hearing to the message of deliverance in the New Testament retelling.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass in those many days that the king of Egypt died; and the sons of Israel groaned from the bondage, and they cried out, and their cry went up to God from the bondage.
- And it came to pass in those many days that the king of Egypt died; and the sons of Israel groaned on account of the labor, and they cried out, and their outcry went up to God on account of the labor.
Exo.2.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- נאקתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- ויזכר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- בריתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- יצחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exod.6:5 (verbal): Uses nearly the same language — God 'heard the groaning' of Israel and 'remembered my covenant,' explicitly linking divine hearing of affliction with recalling the covenant.
- Exod.3:7-8 (thematic): God observes Israel's affliction and announces intervention to deliver them and bring them to the land of the patriarchs — parallels the motive and outcome implied by 'heard' and 'remembered the covenant.'
- Gen.17:7 (thematic): Establishes the covenant with Abraham and his seed 'for an everlasting covenant'; Exodus 2:24 recalls that very covenant (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob) as the basis for God's response to Israel's plight.
- Ps.105:8-11 (verbal): Affirms that God 'remembers his covenant for ever' and names Abraham, Isaac and Jacob; echoes Exodus 2:24's pairing of divine remembrance with the patriarchal covenant and the promise of land.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.
- And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.
Exo.2.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Exod.2.24 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding verse says God 'heard' their groaning and 'remembered' his covenant—Exod 2:25 continues the divine awareness (He 'saw' and 'knew').
- Exod.3.7 (verbal): God declares He has 'seen' the affliction of Israel, 'heard' their cry, and 'know[s]' their suffering—language closely parallels the verbs of perception in Exod 2:25.
- Exod.6.5 (verbal): God says He 'has heard the groaning of the children of Israel' and will redeem them—echoes the theme of divine awareness of Israel's suffering in Exod 2:25.
- Deut.26.7 (thematic): Recalls the motif of Israel crying out in Egypt and the LORD hearing their voice—the broader theme of God perceiving and responding to Israel's oppression found in Exod 2:25.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God saw the sons of Israel, and God knew.
- And God saw the sons of Israel, and God knew.
And it happened in those days, when Moses had grown, that he went out to his brothers and saw their burdens; and he saw an Egyptian striking a Hebrew, one of his brothers.
He turned this way and that, and seeing that there was no one, he struck down the Egyptian and hid him in the sand. And he went out the next day, and behold, two Hebrew men were fighting; and he said to the one in the wrong, 'Why do you strike your fellow?' And he said, 'Who set you as a ruler and judge over us? Do you intend to kill me, as you killed the Egyptian?' Then Moses was afraid and said, 'Surely the matter is known.'
When Pharaoh heard of this matter, he sought to kill Moses; but Moses fled from Pharaoh and settled in the land of Midian, and he sat down by the well. Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters; they came and drew water and filled the troughs to water their father's flock.
Then the shepherds came and drove them away; but Moses stood up and rescued them and watered their flock.
When they came to Reuel their father, he said, 'How is it that you have come so quickly today?'
They said, 'An Egyptian delivered us from the hand of the shepherds, and even drew water for us and watered the flock.'
He said to his daughters, 'And where is he? Why then did you leave the man? Call him, that he may eat bread.' And Moses agreed to stay with the man, and he gave Zipporah his daughter to Moses.
She bore a son, and he called his name Gershom, for he said, 'I have been a sojourner in a foreign land.' And it happened in those many days that the king of Egypt died; and the Israelites groaned because of the bondage, and they cried out, and their cry for help went up to God because of the bondage. And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. And God saw the Israelites, and God knew.