Behold the Lamb of God
John 1:29-34
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Revelation
John.1.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- επαυριον: ADV
- βλεπει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιησουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ερχομενον: VERB,pres,mid,part,acc,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- λεγει·Ιδε: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αμνος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αιρων: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- αμαρτιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κοσμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Isaiah 53:7 (allusion): The Suffering Servant is described as a lamb led to the slaughter—Isaiah's sacrificial imagery undergirds John's identification of Jesus as the Lamb who bears sin.
- Exodus 12:3-7 (thematic): The Passover lamb whose blood delivers Israel from judgment provides the OT ritual background for the idea of a lamb that accomplishes deliverance and removal of doom.
- 1 Corinthians 5:7 (verbal): Paul explicitly calls Christ 'our Passover lamb' who has been sacrificed—echoing John's language of Jesus as the Lamb tied to atoning death.
- Revelation 5:6-12 (thematic): The Lamb who was slain is central to John's apocalyptic vision, repeatedly pictured as victorious yet sacrificial and worthy—developing the 'Lamb of God' motif.
- Hebrews 9:26 (thematic): Describes Christ's once-for-all appearance to put away sin by his sacrifice, paralleling John’s claim that the Lamb 'takes away' the world's sin.
Alternative generated candidates
- The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, 'Behold the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world.'
- The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, 'Behold the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world.'
John.1.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- υπερ: PREP
- ου: PART,neg
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- ειπον·Οπισω: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- ερχεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- ανηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εμπροσθεν: PREP
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- γεγονεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- πρωτος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- ην·: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- John 1:15 (verbal): Earlier, nearly identical testimony by John the Baptist: 'He who comes after me ranks before me, because he was before me.'
- John 8:58 (verbal): Jesus' own claim to preexistence ('Before Abraham was, I am') parallels the assertion that the one coming after John 'was before' him.
- Colossians 1:15-17 (thematic): Affirms Christ's preexistence and primacy ('He is before all things, and in him all things hold together'), echoing the Johannine claim that Jesus existed prior to John.
- Philippians 2:6-7 (thematic): Portrays the preexistent Son who empties himself—theological background to John’s contrast of Jesus' prior existence and exalted status relative to John.
- Hebrews 1:10-12 (thematic): Speaks of the Son's eternal, unchanging nature (quoting Psalm 102) to underline Christ's ontological priority over creation, resonating with 'he was before me.'
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the one of whom I said, 'After me comes a man who ranks before me, for he existed before me.'
- This is the one of whom I said, 'After me comes a man who ranks ahead of me, for he was before me.'
John.1.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- καγω: CONJ+PRON,nom,sg,1
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ηδειν: VERB,impf,act,ind,1,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- αλλ᾽ινα: CONJ
- φανερωθη: VERB,aor,pass,subj,3,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Ισραηλ: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- δια: PREP
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ηλθον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- εν: PREP
- υδατι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- βαπτιζων: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- John 1:20-23 (structural): Part of the same introductory testimony of John the Baptist that distinguishes his identity and mission (he is not the Messiah) and frames why he came—to bear witness and point others to the one to be revealed.
- John 1:33 (verbal): Directly parallels the claim that John was sent to baptize with water so that the Messiah might be revealed; verse describes how John recognized Jesus when the Spirit descended and testified about him.
- Matthew 3:11 (verbal): John's declaration that he baptizes with water but one coming after him will baptize with the Holy Spirit echoes the contrast between John's water-baptism and the revealing/greater mission of the Messiah.
- Luke 3:3 (thematic): Describes John's ministry of proclaiming a baptism of repentance in the Jordan—same ministry context and purpose (preparing/announcing the coming one) as John 1:31's statement about baptizing so the Messiah might be revealed.
- Isaiah 40:3 (allusion): The prophetic image of a voice preparing the way in the wilderness undergirds John's role as revealer/preparer for Israel; John’s mission to make the coming of the Lord known to Israel echoes this prophetic background.
Alternative generated candidates
- I did not know him; but so that he might be revealed to Israel, I came baptizing with water.
- I did not know him; but I came baptizing with water so that he might be revealed to Israel.
John.1.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εμαρτυρησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- Ιωαννης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- λεγων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,m,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- Τεθεαμαι: VERB,perf,mp,ind,1,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- καταβαινον: VERB,pres,act,ptc,acc,sg,n
- ως: ADV
- περιστεραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εξ: PREP
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- και: CONJ
- εμεινεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- επ᾽αυτον·: PREP+PRON,acc,sg,m,3
Parallels
- Matthew 3:16 (verbal): Parallel baptism scene—'the Spirit of God descending like a dove' mirrors John's testimony; near-verbal agreement in wording and function (identifies Jesus).
- Mark 1:10 (verbal): Mark's account similarly describes the Spirit descending 'like a dove' at Jesus' baptism; shares the same imagery and narrative placement.
- Luke 3:22 (verbal): Luke records the Spirit descending 'in bodily form like a dove'—close verbal and thematic parallel emphasizing the visible sign at the baptism.
- John 1:33 (structural): Immediate Johannine parallel—John explains that the one on whom the Spirit descends and remains is the one who will baptize with the Holy Spirit, directly linking the sign to Jesus' identity.
- Acts 10:38 (thematic): Thematic parallel: Peter describes Jesus as anointed by God 'with the Holy Spirit and power,' connecting the Spirit's descent at baptism with Jesus' messianic/anointing role.
Alternative generated candidates
- John testified, 'I saw the Spirit descend from heaven like a dove and remain on him.'
- John bore witness and said, 'I saw the Spirit descend from heaven like a dove, and it remained on him.'
John.1.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- καγω: CONJ+PRON,nom,sg,1
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ηδειν: VERB,impf,act,ind,1,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- αλλ᾽ο: CONJ
- πεμψας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- βαπτιζειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- εν: PREP
- υδατι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- εκεινος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
- ειπεν·Εφ᾽ον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αν: PART
- ιδης: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- καταβαινον: VERB,pres,act,ptc,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- μενον: VERB,pres,act,ptc,acc,sg,n
- επ᾽αυτον: PREP+PRON,acc,sg,3,m
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- βαπτιζων: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- πνευματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- αγιω·: ADJ,dat,sg,n
Parallels
- Matthew 3:11 (quotation): John's declaration that he baptizes with water but one coming will baptize with the Holy Spirit is given almost verbatim in Matthew, a direct verbal parallel and fulfillment motif.
- Luke 3:16 (quotation): Luke preserves the same saying of John about baptism with the Spirit, reinforcing the Johannine claim and offering a Synoptic parallel.
- Matthew 3:16 (verbal): The account of the Spirit descending on Jesus at his baptism (like a dove) parallels John 1:33's criterion—'you will see the Spirit descend and remain'—linking the descent as the identifying sign.
- Acts 1:5 (thematic): Jesus' promise that his followers will be 'baptized with the Holy Spirit' echoes John 1:33's contrast between water baptism and the coming baptism in the Spirit, developing its theological significance in the early church.
- Isaiah 11:2 (allusion): The prophetic motif of the Spirit resting on God's chosen (the Spirit of the LORD resting on him) provides an Old Testament background to John 1:33's expectation that the Spirit's descent and abiding identify the Messiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- I did not know him, but the one who sent me to baptize said to me, 'On whom you see the Spirit descend and remain, this is he who baptizes with the Holy Spirit.'
- I did not know him; but the one who sent me to baptize with water said to me, 'On whom you see the Spirit descend and remain, he it is who baptizes in the Holy Spirit.'
John.1.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- καγω: CONJ+PRON,nom,sg,1
- εωρακα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- και: CONJ
- μεμαρτυρηκα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εκλεκτος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 3:17 (structural): At Jesus' baptism a divine voice declares, 'This is my beloved Son,' providing a direct, parallel heavenly attestation of Jesus' identity that complements John the Baptist's human testimony.
- Isaiah 42:1 (LXX) (verbal): The LXX reads of 'my chosen one' (ὁ ἐκλεκτός μου); John's language 'ὁ ἐκλεκτός τοῦ θεοῦ' echoes the scriptural motif of the 'chosen' servant/messiah.
- Psalm 2:7 (allusion): Psalm 2's royal/messianic confession 'You are my son' undergirds New Testament claims about Jesus' unique sonship and divine appointment, a theme John the Baptist affirms here.
- John 1:49 (structural): Nathanael's immediate confession 'Rabbi, you are the Son of God' provides an intragospel parallel testimony to the same christological title that John the Baptist proclaims.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I have seen and have borne witness that this is the Son of God.
- And I have seen and have borne witness that this is the Son of God.
The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, 'Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world.'
This is he of whom I said, 'After me comes a man who ranks before me, for he was before me.'
I myself did not know him; but I came baptizing with water so that he might be revealed to Israel.
John bore witness, saying, 'I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it remained on him.'
I did not know him, but the one who sent me to baptize with water told me, 'On whom you see the Spirit descend and remain, this is he who baptizes with the Holy Spirit.' And I have seen and have borne witness that this is the Son of God.