The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure
Revelation 14:6-13
Rev.14.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ειδον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αλλον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- αγγελον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- πετομενον: VERB,pres,mid/pass,part,acc,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- μεσουρανηματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- εχοντα: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,n
- ευαγγελιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- αιωνιον: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- ευαγγελισαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- επι: PREP
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- καθημενους: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,acc,m,pl
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- παν: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- εθνος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- φυλην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- γλωσσαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- λαον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 7:9-10 (verbal): Uses the same catalogue language (“every nation and tribe and people and language”) and depicts a universal, multiethnic response to God’s saving word, paralleling the angel’s proclamation to all peoples.
- Mark 16:15 (thematic): Jesus’ commission to ‘go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation’ echoes the angelic proclamation of the eternal gospel to those on earth and to every nation and language.
- Matthew 24:14 (thematic): The prediction that ‘this gospel of the kingdom will be proclaimed throughout the whole world as a testimony to all nations’ parallels the angel’s worldwide proclamation of the eternal gospel.
- Acts 1:8 (structural): The mission-scope formula—witnesses in Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth—corresponds structurally to Revelation’s emphasis on gospel witness reaching all regions and peoples.
- Isaiah 52:7 (allusion): The image of one bringing ‘good news’ (how beautiful are the feet of those who bring good tidings) resonates with the angelic messenger bearing the eternal gospel to nations, linking prophetic proclamation motifs.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then I saw another angel flying in midheaven, having an eternal gospel to proclaim to those who dwell on the earth—to every nation and tribe and tongue and people.
- Then I saw another angel flying in midheaven, having an eternal gospel to proclaim to those who dwell on the earth—to every nation and tribe and tongue and people.
Rev.14.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- λεγων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,m,sg
- εν: PREP
- φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη·Φοβηθητε: ADJ,f,sg,nom|VERB,aor,pass,imp,2,pl
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- θεον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- δοτε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- δοξαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- οτι: CONJ
- ηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- ωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- κρισεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- προσκυνησατε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ποιησαντι: VERB,aor,act,part,dat,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- ουρανον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- θαλασσαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- πηγας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- υδατων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 6:13 (verbal): Both issue the command to 'fear' and 'serve' (or give glory to) the Lord — a direct exhortation to recognize and submit to God.
- Psalm 95:6-7 (verbal): Calls the people to worship the Lord as their Maker ('come, let us worship... for he is our God, we are the people of his pasture'), echoing 'worship him who made heaven and earth.'
- Psalm 96:13 (verbal): Announces God's coming judgment ('for he comes to judge the earth'), parallel to Revelation's 'the hour of his judgment has come.'
- Isaiah 45:18 (thematic): Affirms God as Creator who formed the heavens and the earth — the theological ground for worshiping 'him who made heaven and earth.'
- Revelation 15:4 (structural): Within Revelation itself: a hymn-like confession asking who will not fear and glorify God alone, reinforcing the call in 14:7 to fear God, give him glory, and worship the Creator.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said with a loud voice, "Fear God and give him glory, for the hour of his judgment has come. Worship him who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water."
- He cried with a loud voice, "Fear God and give him glory, for the hour of his judgment has come; worship him who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water."
Rev.14.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- αλλος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- δευτερος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- αγγελος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ηκολουθησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- λεγων·Επεσεν: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- επεσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- Βαβυλων: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- οινου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θυμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πορνειας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- πεποτικεν: PART,perf,pass,nom,sg,f
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εθνη: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
Parallels
- Revelation 18:2-3 (verbal): Direct parallel within Revelation: repeats 'Babylon the great is fallen' and the charge that she made all nations drink the wine of her fornication/wrath (near-verbatim language and the same thematic denunciation).
- Isaiah 21:9 (verbal): Prophetic oracle using the double formula 'Babylon has fallen, has fallen' that Revelation echoes in announcing Babylon's collapse.
- Jeremiah 51:7 (thematic): Describes Babylon as a golden cup that made all the nations drink and become drunk—parallels the image of Babylon causing all nations to drink her wine (shared motif of intoxicating, corrupting influence).
- Ezekiel 16:25-34 (thematic): Ezekiel portrays Jerusalem as a prostitute whose sexual infidelity brings shame and judgment; parallels Revelation's use of prostitution/fornication imagery to depict a corrupt city whose relations lead to divine wrath.
Alternative generated candidates
- And another angel, a second, followed, saying, "Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great—she who made all the nations drink the wine of the passion of her immorality."
- Another angel followed, saying, "Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, she who made all the nations drink the wine of the passion of her sexual immorality."
Rev.14.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- αλλος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- αγγελος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τριτος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ηκολουθησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- λεγων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,m,sg
- εν: PREP
- φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη·Ει: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- προσκυνει: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- εικονα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- λαμβανει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- χαραγμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- επι: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- μετωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- επι: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- χειρα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 13:15-17 (verbal): Same vocabulary and scenario: the beast’s image is given power/authority, enforces worship, and people receive a mark on hand or forehead (and commerce is controlled) — close verbal parallel.
- Revelation 13:8 (thematic): Speaks of those who worship the beast and whose names are not in the Lamb’s book of life, providing the broader thematic context for the warning against worship in Rev 14:9.
- Revelation 20:4 (allusion): Refers to those who had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not received its mark; presents the fate/ vindication of the faithful as a counterpart to the warning in 14:9.
- Daniel 3:1-6 (structural): Nebuchadnezzar’s decree that all must worship a constructed image on pain of death parallels the coercive, idolatrous worship of an image enforced in Revelation.
- Exodus 20:4-6 (thematic): The Decalogue’s prohibition of making/serving idols and the warning about worshipping other gods resonates thematically with the angel’s prohibition against worshiping the beast and its image.
Alternative generated candidates
- And a third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, "If anyone worships the beast and its image, and receives a mark on his forehead or on his hand,"
- A third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, "If anyone worships the beast and its image and receives a mark on his forehead or on his hand,
Rev.14.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- πιεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- οινου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θυμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κεκερασμενου: PART,perf,pass,gen,sg,m
- ακρατου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ποτηριω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- οργης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- βασανισθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- πυρι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- θειω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- ενωπιον: PREP
- αγγελων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αγιων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ενωπιον: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρνιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:15 (verbal): God commands Jeremiah to take 'the cup of the wine of wrath' from My hand and make all the nations drink—language of a cup of divine wrath very similar to Revelation's 'wine of the wrath of God' poured and drunk.
- Isaiah 51:17 (thematic): Isaiah summons Jerusalem because 'the cup of the Lord's wrath' is in your hand—uses the same cup/wine imagery to portray divine punishment and national retribution.
- Genesis 19:24 (verbal): God rained 'fire and brimstone' on Sodom and Gomorrah—same fire-and-brimstone (sulfur) language used in Revelation to describe catastrophic divine torment.
- Revelation 21:8 (thematic): Lists the cowardly, unbelieving and wicked as having their portion 'in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur'—parallels Rev 14:10's punishment with fire and brimstone as the destiny of the wicked.
- Revelation 16:19 (verbal): Declares that God gave Babylon 'the cup filled with the wine of the fury of his wrath'—repeats the bowl/cup and wine-of-wrath motif found in Rev 14:10 (poured, undiluted, to be drunk).
Alternative generated candidates
- he also will drink of the wine of the wrath of God, poured undiluted into the cup of his anger; and he will be tormented with fire and sulfur before the holy angels and before the Lamb.
- he also will drink of the wine of the wrath of God, poured out undiluted into the cup of his anger; and he will be tormented with fire and sulfur before the holy angels and before the Lamb.
Rev.14.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- καπνος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- βασανισμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- εις: PREP
- αιωνας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- αιωνων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αναβαινει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εχουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- αναπαυσιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ημερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- νυκτος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- προσκυνουντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- εικονα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- λαμβανει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- χαραγμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ονοματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Rev.14:9-10 (structural): Immediate context — pronounces the same doom on those who worship the beast and its image, describing drinking God’s wrath and being tormented; continues the same scene as v.11.
- Rev.13:16-17 (thematic): Describes the giving of the beast’s mark and the economic/social pressure to receive it — directly relates to ‘whoever receives the mark of his name’ in 14:11.
- Rev.19:3 (verbal): Uses the identical motif of ‘the smoke of her torment’ rising forever (Hallelujah chorus about Babylon’s judgment), a verbal parallel to the eternal smoke in 14:11.
- Rev.20:10 (verbal): Speaks of the devil, beast and false prophet being ‘tormented day and night for ever and ever,’ paralleling 14:11’s ‘no rest day and night’ and the theme of eternal torment.
- Rev.18:18 (allusion): Speaks of bystanders ‘crying when they see the smoke of her burning,’ echoing the image of smoke from judgment and linking Babylon’s destruction to the broader motif of divine retribution in Revelation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the smoke of their torment rises forever and ever; they have no rest day and night—those who worship the beast and its image, and whoever receives the mark of his name.
- The smoke of their torment rises forever and ever; they have no rest day or night—the worshipers of the beast and its image, and whoever receives the mark of its name.
Rev.14.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ωδε: ADV
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- υπομονη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αγιων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- τηρουντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- εντολας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- πιστιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Rev.12.17 (verbal): Almost identical wording: the dragon makes war on “those who keep the commandments of God and hold to the testimony (or faith) of Jesus,” a close verbal and thematic echo.
- Rev.22.14 (thematic): Links obedience to God’s commandments with blessing and access to life—emphasizes reward for keeping God’s law, paralleling Revelation 14:12’s stress on commandment‑keeping.
- Matt.24.13 (thematic): “But the one who endures to the end will be saved” connects the idea of patience/endurance (hypomonē) in Revelation 14:12 with salvific perseverance.
- 1 John 3:23 (verbal): Combines commandment‑keeping with belief in Jesus: “this is his commandment, that we believe in the name of his Son Jesus Christ,” tying together faith in Jesus and obedience.
- James 2:14-26 (thematic): Argues that genuine faith is shown in works, illuminating the Revelation pairing of faith in Jesus with keeping God’s commandments (faith lived out in obedience).
Alternative generated candidates
- Here is the endurance of the saints: those who keep the commandments of God and hold to the faith in Jesus.
- Here is the endurance of the saints: those who keep the commandments of God and hold to the faith of Jesus.
Rev.14.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ηκουσα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- φωνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- λεγουσης·Γραψον·Μακαριοι: VERB,pres,act,ptcp,gen,f,sg
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- νεκροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- κυριω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- αποθνησκοντες: VERB,pres,act,ptcp,nom,pl,m
- απ᾽αρτι: ADV
- ναι: PART
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ινα: CONJ
- αναπαησονται: VERB,pres,mp,sub,3,pl
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- κοπων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- γαρ: PART
- εργα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- ακολουθει: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg
- μετ᾽αυτων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,3
Parallels
- Revelation 6:9-11 (thematic): The souls of those slain for the word cry from under the altar and are told to rest a little until vindication — similar motif of the faithful dead resting and awaiting God's final action.
- Revelation 7:15-17 (thematic): The sealed multitude are described as before God's throne, fed and comforted so that they 'shall hunger no more' and God will wipe away tears — a parallel promise of relief and rest for the saved dead.
- 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 (thematic): Paul comforts believers about those who have died, assuring them of hope and reunion with the Lord — echoes the consoling tone toward Christians who die 'in the Lord.'
- Philippians 1:21-23 (thematic): Paul's statement that to die is gain and to be with Christ reflects the positive valuation of death 'in the Lord' and the comfort of being with Christ after death.
- Matthew 25:21 (verbal): The commendation 'Well done... enter into the joy of your master' links the idea that believers' works result in their reward/entry into rest — resonant with the statement that 'their works follow with them.'
Alternative generated candidates
- And I heard a voice from heaven saying, "Write: Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on." "Yes," says the Spirit, "that they may rest from their labors, for their deeds follow them."
- And I heard a voice from heaven saying, 'Write: Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on.' 'Yes,' says the Spirit, 'that they may rest from their labors, for their deeds follow them.'
And I saw another angel flying in midheaven, having an eternal gospel to proclaim to those who dwell on the earth—to every nation and tribe and tongue and people. And he cried with a loud voice, "Fear God and give him glory, for the hour of his judgment has come. Worship him who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water." And another angel followed, saying, "Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great—she who made all the nations drink the wine of the passion of her immorality." And another angel, a third, followed them, saying with a loud voice, "If anyone worships the beast and its image and receives a mark on his forehead or on his hand,"
he also will drink the wine of God's wrath, poured undiluted into the cup of his anger; and he will be tormented with fire and sulfur in the presence of the holy angels and in the presence of the Lamb. And the smoke of their torment goes up for ever and ever; they have no rest day or night—those who worship the beast and its image, and whoever receives the mark of its name.
Here is the patient endurance of the saints: here are those who keep the commandments of God and hold to the faith of Jesus. And I heard a voice from heaven saying, "Write: Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on." "Yes," said the Spirit, "that they may rest from their labors, for their deeds follow them."