David and Jonathan's Covenant

1 Samuel 20:1-42

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 David fled from Naioth in Ramah and came and said before Jonathan, 'What have I done? What is my offense and my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?'

1 S.20.1 - Details

Original Text

ויברח דוד מניות ברמה ויבא ויאמר ׀ לפני יהונתן מה עשיתי מה־ עוני ומה־ חטאתי לפני אביך כי מבקש את־ נפשי׃

Morphology

  • ויברח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מניות: PREP
  • ברמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לפני: PREP
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מה: PRON,int
  • עשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • מה: PRON,int
  • עוני: NOUN,m,sg,cs+1s
  • ומה: CONJ+PRON,int
  • חטאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • לפני: PREP
  • אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
  • כי: CONJ
  • מבקש: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs

Parallels

  • 1Sam.19.18-24 (structural): Same setting—David at Naioth in Ramah; immediately preceding events in which David fled from Saul and remained with Samuel, providing immediate narrative parallel and context for 1 Sam 20:1.
  • 1Sam.18.10-11 (thematic): Earlier attempt by Saul to kill David (throws a javelin); parallels the charge in 20:1 that Saul is seeking David’s life and shows a pattern of hostile action.
  • 1Sam.19.1-7 (thematic): Jonathan’s earlier intervention on David’s behalf before Saul and Saul’s expressed intent to kill David; connects Jonathan’s protective role and the threat David describes in 20:1.
  • 1Sam.23.15-18 (structural): Later episode in which Jonathan visits and encourages David in the wilderness and renews their covenant—parallels the Jonathan–David friendship and Jonathan’s role as protector and ally reflected in 20:1–21.
  • Ps.59.1-2 (thematic): A Davidic lament pleading for deliverance from men set against him to kill him; thematically parallels David’s cry in 1 Sam 20:1 about being pursued and seeking protection.

Alternative generated candidates

  • David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and he came and said before Jonathan, 'What have I done? What is my offense, or my sin, before your father, that he seeks my life?'
  • David fled from Naioth at Ramah and came and said before Jonathan, 'What have I done? What is my offense or my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?'
2 Jonathan said to him, 'Far be it from you to die; my father will do nothing great or small without disclosing it to me. Why should my father hide this thing from me? It shall not be so.'

1 S.20.2 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר לו חלילה לא תמות הנה לא־ יעשה אבי דבר גדול או דבר קטן ולא יגלה את־ אזני ומדוע יסתיר אבי ממני את־ הדבר הזה אין זאת׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • חלילה: INTJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תמות: VERB,qal,yiqtol,2,m,sg
  • הנה: PART
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • או: CONJ
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קטן: ADJ,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יגלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אזני: NOUN,f,pl,suff
  • ומדוע: CONJ+ADV
  • יסתיר: VERB,hiph,imperf,3,m,sg
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ממני: PREP,suff,1,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • אין: PART,neg
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Sam.19:4-7 (thematic): Earlier episode where Jonathan intercedes for David with his father Saul and promises to protect/warn David — parallels the same concern for David’s safety and Jonathan’s role as intermediary.
  • 1 Sam.20:3 (structural): Immediate literary continuation: David responds to Jonathan’s assurance. The pair of verses form a unit about Jonathan’s confidence that his father will not conceal or do harm.
  • 1 Sam.23:16-18 (thematic): Jonathan again seeks out and strengthens David, making a covenant and expressing confidence in David’s safety — repeats the motif of Jonathan’s loyalty and protection.
  • 1 Sam.24:16-22 (thematic): After David spares Saul, Saul acknowledges David’s righteousness and appears to promise no further pursuit — another episode dealing with assurances about Saul’s intentions toward David.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan said to him, 'Far be it from you; you shall not die. My father will not do anything great or small without telling me; why should my father hide this from me? It shall not be so.'
  • Jonathan said to him, 'Far be it from you—you shall not die. My father will not do a great or small thing without revealing it to me; and why would my father hide this thing from me? It shall not be so.'
3 David swore again and said, 'Indeed your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes; and he said, “Let not Jonathan know this,” lest he be grieved. Yet as the LORD lives and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death.'"

1 S.20.3 - Details

Original Text

וישבע עוד דוד ויאמר ידע ידע אביך כי־ מצאתי חן בעיניך ויאמר אל־ ידע־ זאת יהונתן פן־ יעצב ואולם חי־ יהוה וחי נפשך כי כפשע ביני ובין המות׃

Morphology

  • וישבע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עוד: ADV
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
  • כי: CONJ
  • מצאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • חן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בעיניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,2,ms
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • פן: CONJ
  • יעצב: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • ואולם: CONJ
  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • וחי: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • נפשך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m
  • כי: CONJ
  • כפשע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ביני: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ובין: CONJ+PREP
  • המות: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:1-4 (structural): Earliest establishment of the Jonathan–David covenant (Jonathan loves David as his own soul and gives him his robe/armour). Provides the original context for the sworn friendship referenced in 20:3.
  • 1 Samuel 19:4-7 (thematic): Jonathan intercedes with Saul on David’s behalf and protects him—an earlier demonstration of Jonathan’s loyalty that parallels his insistence on secrecy and his personal risk in 20:3.
  • 1 Samuel 20:16-17 (structural): Immediate chapter parallel where Jonathan and David explicitly renew their covenant and exchange tokens; directly connected to the oath-language and mutual commitment in 20:3.
  • 1 Samuel 20:42 (thematic): The farewell scene in which the covenant and promises between Jonathan and David are reaffirmed amid tears—echoes the solemn oath-formula and the precariousness of Jonathan’s situation expressed in 20:3.
  • 2 Samuel 1:26 (thematic): David’s lament for Jonathan extols their love and covenantal bond (‘wonderful, passing the love of women’), underscoring the depth and tragic outcome of the sworn friendship first asserted in 1 Samuel 20:3.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And David again swore, 'Your father certainly knows that I have found favor in your eyes.' Jonathan said, 'Do not let him know this, lest he be grieved.' And David swore again, 'As the LORD lives, and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death.'
  • David swore again and said, 'May your father know that I have found favor in your eyes.' Jonathan said, 'Do not let it be known; lest my father be grieved. But as the LORD lives and as your soul lives, there is but a single step between me and death.'
4 Jonathan said to David, 'What do you desire? I will do it for you.'

1 S.20.4 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהונתן אל־ דוד מה־ תאמר נפשך ואעשה־ לך׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מה: PRON,int
  • תאמר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • נפשך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m
  • ואעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:1-4 (verbal): Earliest expression of Jonathan's commitment to David — they 'became one in spirit' and Jonathan 'made a covenant' and gave David his robe and armor, prefiguring the pledge in 1 Sam 20:4.
  • 1 Samuel 20:14-17 (structural): Direct continuance of the same episode: Jonathan explicitly promises to show kindness to David (and his descendants), specifying future actions that fulfill 'whatever your soul desires.'
  • 2 Samuel 9:1-13 (thematic): David's later acts of kindness toward Mephibosheth (Jonathan's son) are the tangible fulfillment of the covenantal commitment Jonathan offered to David.
  • Ruth 1:16 (thematic): Ruth's vow 'Where you go I will go...' parallels the personal, self-giving loyalty expressed by Jonathan in offering to do whatever David's soul desires.
  • 2 Samuel 1:26 (thematic): David's lament for Jonathan — noting Jonathan's extraordinary love for him — echoes and retrospectively confirms the depth of loyalty implicit in Jonathan's promise in 1 Sam 20:4.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan said to David, 'Whatever your soul desires, I will do for you.'
  • Jonathan said to David, 'What do you want me to do for you?'
5 David said to Jonathan, 'Tomorrow is the new moon; I shall sit with the king to eat. Let me sit where I am, and hide myself in the field until the third evening.

1 S.20.5 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר דוד אל־ יהונתן הנה־ חדש מחר ואנכי ישב־ אשב עם־ המלך לאכול ושלחתני ונסתרתי בשדה עד הערב השלשית׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • הנה: PART
  • חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • מחר: ADV
  • ואנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אשב: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,sg
  • עם: PREP
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לאכול: VERB,qal,inf
  • ושלחתני: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • ונסתרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • השלשית: ADJ,ord,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Sam.20.18 (structural): Same scene (the new moon); Jonathan and David coordinate a signal and David again prepares to be absent/hide—continuation of the exact plan mentioned in v.5.
  • 1 Sam.20.27 (structural): Immediate sequel in the narrative: David does not eat at the king's table and Jonathan is confronted about David's absence, confirming the action described in v.5.
  • 1 Sam.19:11-12 (thematic): Earlier episode of David's escape: Saul sends messengers to seize David and Michal helps him slip away and hide—parallels the theme of evasion and concealment for survival.
  • 1 Sam.21:10-15 (thematic): David's later ruse before Achish of Gath (feigning madness) to avoid harm—another instance of David using absence/deception to escape danger from Saul and enemies.
  • Ps.142:1-7 (thematic): A psalm explicitly associated with David 'when he was in the cave'; expresses crying for refuge and concealment—thematically parallels David's hiding and dependence on a friend/God while endangered.

Alternative generated candidates

  • David said to Jonathan, 'Behold, tomorrow is the new moon; and I shall sit with the king to eat. Let me sit at my place until the third evening, and then I will hide myself in the field until the evening of the third day.'
  • David said to Jonathan, 'Tomorrow is the new moon, and I shall sit with the king at the table. If I am conspicuous—then you shall send me away, and I will hide myself in the field until the evening of the third day.'
6 If your father misses me, and you say, “David earnestly asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem his city, for there is a family sacrifice there,”

1 S.20.6 - Details

Original Text

אם־ פקד יפקדני אביך ואמרת נשאל נשאל ממני דוד לרוץ בית־ לחם עירו כי זבח הימים שם לכל־ המשפחה׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • פקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יפקדני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
  • ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • נשאל: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
  • נשאל: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ממני: PREP,suff,1,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לרוץ: VERB,qal,inf
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עירו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • שם: ADV
  • לכל: PREP
  • המשפחה: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Sam 20:5 (verbal): Immediate context: Jonathan instructs David with the same ruse (asking leave to run to Bethlehem for a family sacrifice); closely parallels wording and intent.
  • Judges 21:19 (thematic): Mentions a yearly festival where people gather (in Shiloh) — parallels the idea of an annual family/communal sacrifice used here as a plausible reason to leave town.
  • Deuteronomy 16:16 (thematic): Law requiring males to appear at the appointed festivals three times a year; provides the broader legal/ritual background for claiming attendance at a yearly sacrifice in one’s hometown.
  • 1 Sam 16:4-5 (structural): Samuel summons Jesse’s family to sacrifice in Bethlehem to anoint the king’s successor; parallels motif of a family sacrifice in Bethlehem as the setting for significant events concerning David.
  • 1 Sam 17:12-15 (thematic): Identifies David as a Bethlehemite and depicts his movements between the royal sphere and his family in Bethlehem, underscoring Bethlehem as David’s home and the plausibility of visiting there for family rites.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If your father misses me at all, then say, "David earnestly asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem his city; for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family,"
  • If your father inquires, say, "David asked leave to run to Bethlehem, his city; for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all his household."
7 if he says, “It is well,” your servant is safe; but if he is angry, know that disaster is determined by him.'

1 S.20.7 - Details

Original Text

אם־ כה יאמר טוב שלום לעבדך ואם־ חרה יחרה לו דע כי־ כלתה הרעה מעמו׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • כה: ADV
  • יאמר: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעבדך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ואם: CONJ
  • חרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יחרה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • דע: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • כלתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • מעמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 26:24-26 (verbal): Speaks of those who disguise hatred with flattering words—'when he speaks fair, believe him not'—parallel to using peaceful words to conceal hostile intent.
  • Proverbs 27:6 (thematic): Contrasts treacherous, flattering speech with the honest wounds of a friend—echoes the concern to discern true intent behind words of peace.
  • Jeremiah 6:14 (allusion): Condemns leaders who proclaim 'Peace, peace' while there is no peace—closely parallels the motif of false assurances masking disaster.
  • Ezekiel 13:10-11 (allusion): Accuses false prophets who say 'Peace' when there is no peace and thus lead people astray—similar language and the idea of speech as a sign of hidden harm.
  • Romans 16:18 (thematic): Paul warns of people who 'deceive with good words and fair speeches,' which parallels the New Testament echo of deceptive peaceable language hiding malicious ends.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and if he says, "It is well," then your servant is at peace; but if he becomes very angry, know that evil is determined by him.
  • If he says, "It is well," your servant is at peace; but if he becomes very angry, know that mischief is determined against you from him.
8 'Therefore show kindness to your servant, for you have brought your servant within the covenant of the LORD with you. If there is guilt in me, kill me yourself; why then should you bring me to your father?'

1 S.20.8 - Details

Original Text

ועשית חסד על־ עבדך כי בברית יהוה הבאת את־ עבדך עמך ואם־ יש־ בי עון המיתני אתה ועד־ אביך למה־ זה תביאני׃

Morphology

  • ועשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • חסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • עבדך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,ms
  • כי: CONJ
  • בברית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • הבאת: VERB,hifil,perf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עבדך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,ms
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
  • ואם: CONJ
  • יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • עון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המיתני: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg+suff:1,sg
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ועד: CONJ+PREP
  • אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
  • למה: ADV
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • תביאני: VERB,hifil,impf,2,m,sg+suff:1,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:3-4 (structural): Narrative establishment of the covenant between Jonathan and David (the long garment/armour gift), which is the background for David’s appeal to that covenant in 20:8.
  • 1 Samuel 20:16-17 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same episode where Jonathan and David reaffirm their oath and love for one another—echoes the covenantal language and mutual protection invoked in 20:8.
  • 1 Samuel 19:4-7 (thematic): Jonathan intercedes for David before Saul and protects him, illustrating the same loyalty and covenant-faithfulness David appeals to in 20:8.
  • John 15:13 (thematic): Jesus’ saying that the greatest love is to lay down one’s life for friends parallels the self-sacrificial loyalty and protective commitment expressed in Jonathan and David’s covenant relationship.
  • Proverbs 18:24 (thematic): The proverb about a friend who sticks closer than a brother resonates with the extraordinary closeness and covenantal fidelity between Jonathan and David reflected in 20:8.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Do me this kindness: because you have brought your servant into the LORD's covenant with you, if there is guilt in me, strike me dead yourself—do not bring me to your father; why should you bring me to him?
  • And you shall show kindness to your servant, for you have brought your servant into a covenant of the LORD with you. If there is in me wickedness, slay me yourself; why then should you bring me to your father?
9 Jonathan said, 'Far be it from you; if my father ever knew, he would be very angry, but I would not tell him.'

1 S.20.9 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהונתן חלילה לך כי ׀ אם־ ידע אדע כי־ כלתה הרעה מעם אבי לבוא עליך ולא אתה אגיד לך׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • חלילה: INTJ
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אם: CONJ
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אדע: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,_,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • כלתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • מעם: PREP
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • אגיד: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:8 (verbal): Immediate context — Jonathan immediately before and after 20:9 pledges openness and offers to act on whatever David instructs, underscoring the same promise not to conceal his father's designs.
  • 1 Samuel 19:4-7 (thematic): Earlier instance of Jonathan interceding for David before Saul; like 20:9 it shows Jonathan's loyalty and willingness to expose or defuse Saul's hostile intent on David's behalf.
  • 1 Samuel 20:14-17 (structural): Part of the same episode: the covenant between Jonathan and David highlights the loyalty behind Jonathan’s declaration in 20:9 — a sworn commitment to protect and be frank with David.
  • 1 Samuel 23:16-18 (thematic): A later episode where Jonathan seeks out David to strengthen and reassure him, reiterating the covenantal loyalty and Jonathan’s continued readiness to warn and support David.
  • 2 Samuel 9:1-7 (thematic): Outcome of Jonathan’s loyal relationship: David’s later kindness to Mephibosheth ‘for Jonathan’s sake’ reflects the enduring bond and protective fidelity that Jonathan affirms in 20:9.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan said to David, 'Far be it from me; if I knew that your father had determined evil against you, would I not tell you?'
  • Jonathan said, 'Far be it from me! If under any thought my father intended mischief to you, would I not tell you?'
10 David said to Jonathan, 'Who will tell me? Or who will inform your father that my ways have changed?'

1 S.20.10 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר דוד אל־ יהונתן מי יגיד לי או מה־ יענך אביך קשה׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • יגיד: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • או: CONJ
  • מה: PRON,int
  • יענך: VERB,qal,yiqtol,3,m,sg,obj:2,ms
  • אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
  • קשה: ADJ,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Sam.20.11 (structural): Immediate continuation: Jonathan replies about his father’s mood and they arrange a sign, directly answering David’s question about what Saul will say.
  • 1 Sam.19.4-7 (thematic): Earlier episode in which Jonathan intercedes for David before Saul, showing Jonathan’s role as mediator and the pattern of negotiating with Saul on David’s behalf.
  • 1 Sam.18.10-11 (thematic): Describes Saul’s hostile disposition toward David (an evil spirit and murderous intent), providing background for David’s fear about how Saul will react.
  • 1 Sam.20.30-34 (thematic): Later scene in which Saul angrily confronts Jonathan and nearly kills him—concrete evidence of the harsh response David anticipated.

Alternative generated candidates

  • David said to Jonathan, 'Who will tell me? Or what will your father answer you? He is a hard man.'
  • David said to Jonathan, 'Who will tell me? Or what if your father answers you harshly?'
11 Jonathan said to David, 'Come, let us go out into the field.' So both of them went out into the field.

1 S.20.11 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהונתן אל־ דוד לכה ונצא השדה ויצאו שניהם השדה׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לכה: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
  • ונצא: VERB,qal,cohort,1,pl
  • השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויצאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • שניהם: PRON,3,m,pl
  • השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:35-42 (structural): Same episode — the field meeting is resumed and concluded there; the sign between Jonathan and David is confirmed and they take leave (direct continuation of the scene).
  • 1 Samuel 18:1-4 (thematic): Earliest account of the covenant/friendship between Jonathan and David (Jonathan’s love, gifts, and oath) that provides the background for their secret field meeting.
  • 1 Samuel 23:16-18 (thematic): Jonathan again seeks out David in the wilderness/wood to encourage and strengthen him — a parallel instance of private, supportive meetings between the two outside the court.
  • Genesis 24:62-67 (allusion): Isaac goes out to the field in the evening and meets Rebekah — illustrates a recurring biblical motif of important, private encounters and covenantal/relational turning points taking place 'in the field.'

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan said to David, 'Come, let us go out into the field.' So they went out both of them into the field.
  • Jonathan said to David, 'Come, let us go out into the field.' And they went out both of them into the field.
12 Jonathan said to David, 'O LORD, God of Israel, when I have inquired of my father at this time tomorrow, whatever he does about you I will make known to you.'

1 S.20.12 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהונתן אל־ דוד יהוה אלהי ישראל כי־ אחקר את־ אבי כעת ׀ מחר השלשית והנה־ טוב אל־ דוד ולא־ אז אשלח אליך וגליתי את־ אזנך׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • אחקר: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • כעת: ADV
  • מחר: ADV
  • השלשית: ADJ,f,sg,def
  • והנה: ADV
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אז: ADV
  • אשלח: VERB,qal,imperf,1,_,sg
  • אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • וגליתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אזנך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:1-4 (thematic): Jonathan first forms a covenant with David and gives him his robe and weapons — establishes the same bond of loyalty and protection that underlies Jonathan’s promise in 1 Sam 20:12.
  • 1 Samuel 20:3 (verbal): Earlier in the same episode David and Jonathan swear by the LORD; the oath language and mutual pledges here are directly connected to the oath-formula and assurance in v.12.
  • 1 Samuel 20:14-17 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the scene: Jonathan explicitly promises to show David the 'kindness of my father' and to protect him — these verses repeat and amplify the commitment expressed in v.12.
  • 2 Samuel 9:1-13 (thematic): David’s later care for Mephibosheth 'for Jonathan’s sake' is the concrete fulfillment of the covenantal loyalty and promise of protection that Jonathan makes to David in 1 Sam 20:12.
  • Ruth 1:16-17 (thematic): Ruth’s pledge ('Do not urge me to leave you… may the LORD do so to me') echoes the biblical motif of invoking God as witness to a solemn personal pledge of loyalty, similar to Jonathan’s oath to David.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Jonathan said to David, 'The LORD, the God of Israel, is witness: when I have inquired of my father tomorrow, or the third day, and behold it is well toward David, shall I not then send and tell you?'
  • And Jonathan said, 'O LORD, the God of Israel, I will inquire of my father at this time tomorrow. If the king is well toward David, will I not then send and make it known to you?'
13 'Thus may the LORD do to me and more also, if my father means to do you harm and I do not disclose it to you and send you away that you may go in peace. And may the LORD be with you as he has been with my father.'

1 S.20.13 - Details

Original Text

כה־ יעשה יהוה ליהונתן וכה יסיף כי־ ייטב אל־ אבי את־ הרעה עליך וגליתי את־ אזנך ושלחתיך והלכת לשלום ויהי יהוה עמך כאשר היה עם־ אבי׃

Morphology

  • כה: ADV
  • יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ליהונתן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכה: CONJ+ADV
  • יסיף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • ייטב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • וגליתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אזנך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m,sg
  • ושלחתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • והלכת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • לשלום: PREP
  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עם: PREP
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:14-17 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same exchange—David’s explicit covenant with Jonathan promising protection, warning, and kindness to Jonathan’s house; this verse is part of that oathic sequence.
  • 1 Samuel 18:3 (thematic): Earlier establishment of the covenant between Jonathan and David (‘Jonathan made a covenant with David’), providing background for the pledge of mutual care and loyalty expressed in 1 Sam 20:13.
  • 1 Samuel 19:4-7 (thematic): Jonathan’s prior intervention on David’s behalf before Saul (pleading and arguing to spare him) parallels the present promise that Jonathan will be warned and sent away to safety—both passages highlight Jonathan’s protective role toward David.
  • Genesis 28:15 (verbal): God’s assurance ‘I am with you…’ echoes the blessing ‘may the LORD be with you as he was with my father,’ invoking continuity of divine presence and protection from one generation to the next.

Alternative generated candidates

  • May the LORD do so to Jonathan, and more also, if I do not disclose to you all I learn of my father and send you away, and you go in peace; and may the LORD be with you as he has been with my father.
  • So may the LORD do to Jonathan—and more also—if my father takes pleasure in doing you harm and I disclose it to you and send you away, and you go in peace; and may the LORD be with you, even as he has been with my father.
14 'And if—I am yet alive—do not show the kindness of the LORD to me, then may I die.'

1 S.20.14 - Details

Original Text

ולא אם־ עודני חי ולא־ תעשה עמדי חסד יהוה ולא אמות׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • אם: CONJ
  • עודני: PART
  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
  • עמדי: PREP+1cs
  • חסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אמות: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:15 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same scene — Jonathan’s explicit promise: 'You shall not cut off your kindness from my house forever,' repeating the covenantal pledge of hesed.
  • 1 Samuel 18:3-4 (structural): Earlier description of the covenant between Jonathan and David (friendship oath and exchange of garments/armour) provides the relational background for the plea and promise of lifelong kindness to each other’s house.
  • 2 Samuel 9:7 (verbal): David’s later enactment of hesed toward Mephibosheth 'for Jonathan’s sake' fulfills the pledge to show kindness to Jonathan’s house — same verbal theme of showing loyal kindness (hesed).
  • 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (thematic): God’s promise to establish David’s house forever contrasts and frames human pledges about preserving a household; both concern covenantal preservation of a dynastic line (house).

Alternative generated candidates

  • And not only while I live shall you not withhold your steadfast love from me—show me the LORD's loyal kindness.
  • And if I am still alive, do show me steadfast love; do not cut off your steadfast love from my house forever.
15 'Do not cut off your steadfast love from the house of my father forever; do not cut it off—even when the LORD cuts off every one of David’s enemies from the face of the earth.'

1 S.20.15 - Details

Original Text

ולא־ תכרת את־ חסדך מעם ביתי עד־ עולם ולא בהכרת יהוה את־ איבי דוד איש מעל פני האדמה׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • תכרת: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • חסדך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
  • מעם: PREP
  • ביתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
  • עד: PREP
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • בהכרת: PREP
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • איבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss=1s
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מעל: PREP
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:14 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same scene—Jonathan pledges 'do not cut off your kindness from my house forever,' repeating the exact promise preserved in v.15.
  • 1 Samuel 20:42 (verbal): Jonathan again affirms the covenant of loyalty and kindness to David, restating and confirming the same pledge at the close of their meeting.
  • 1 Samuel 18:3 (thematic): Earliest statement of the Jonathan–David covenant: Jonathan 'made a covenant with David' because of his deep love, establishing the bond of loyal kindness (chesed) underlying 20:15.
  • 1 Samuel 23:17 (structural): Another episode where Jonathan and David make a covenant before the LORD, reaffirming mutual protection and loyalty—same covenantal structure and intent as 20:15.
  • 2 Samuel 9:1–7 (thematic): David's later action to show kindness to Mephibosheth 'for Jonathan's sake' fulfills the promise that Jonathan's house would receive steadfast loyalty and kindness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Do not cut off your steadfast love from the house of your servant forever; not even when the LORD has cut off every one of David's enemies from the face of the earth.
  • Do not cut off the covenant of your kindness from my descendants—no, not when the LORD has cut off every one of David's enemies from the face of the earth.
16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, and Jonathan caused David to swear again because he loved him; for he loved him as his own soul.

1 S.20.16 - Details

Original Text

ויכרת יהונתן עם־ בית דוד ובקש יהוה מיד איבי דוד׃

Morphology

  • ויכרת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובקש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מיד: PREP
  • איבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss=1s
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:3 (verbal): Jonathan makes a covenant with David and loves him as his own soul — closely parallels the covenant language and mutual affection.
  • 1 Samuel 20:17 (structural): Immediate continuation/reciprocal oath regarding the covenant and Jonathan’s enduring loyalty to David.
  • 1 Samuel 19:4–7 (thematic): Jonathan intercedes for David before Saul, demonstrating the covenant loyalty and protection Jonathan extends to David.
  • 1 Samuel 23:16–18 (thematic): Jonathan strengthens David’s hand and renews encouragement rooted in their covenant and God’s protection.
  • 2 Samuel 1:26 (allusion): David’s lament for Jonathan recalls the extraordinary love and bond between them, reflecting the covenantal relationship celebrated in 1 Samuel 20:16.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, and the LORD was entreated on behalf of David's enemies.
  • Then Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, 'May the LORD require it at the hand of David's enemies.'
17 Jonathan repeated the oath to David because he loved him; and he loved him as he loved his own life.

1 S.20.17 - Details

Original Text

ויוסף יהונתן להשביע את־ דוד באהבתו אתו כי־ אהבת נפשו אהבו׃

Morphology

  • ויוסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • להשביע: VERB,hif,inf
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • באהבתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
  • כי: CONJ
  • אהבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אהבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,3ms.obj

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:1-4 (verbal): Earliest description of the David–Jonathan bond: their souls are joined and Jonathan makes a covenant with David (gift of garments), paralleling 20:17's oath and mutual love.
  • 2 Samuel 1:26 (thematic): David's lament for Jonathan later recalls the extraordinary nature of Jonathan's love for him — 'your love to me was wonderful' — echoing the deep affection named in 1 Samuel 20:17.
  • Proverbs 18:24 (thematic): Speaks of a friend who sticks closer than a brother, thematically paralleling Jonathan's devoted, covenantal love for David that exceeds ordinary kinship.
  • John 13:23 (allusion): The phrase 'the disciple whom Jesus loved' in the Johannine tradition resonates with biblical language of intimate, personal love (cf. 'loved his soul' in 1 Sam 20:17), illustrating a similar type of devoted relational language in Scripture.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan again made David swear, because he loved him; for he loved him as he loved his own soul.
  • Jonathan again made David swear, because he loved him; for he loved him as his own soul.
18 Then Jonathan said to David, 'Tomorrow is the new moon; you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.'

1 S.20.18 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר־ לו יהונתן מחר חדש ונפקדת כי יפקד מושבך׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מחר: ADV
  • חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ונפקדת: VERB,niphal,perf,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • יפקד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מושבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:5 (verbal): Earlier in the same dialogue David proposes the plan, using the same timing—'tomorrow is the new moon'—and the idea that he will be missed if he does not attend the king's table.
  • 1 Samuel 20:27 (verbal): The immediate fulfillment of Jonathan's warning: 'on the morrow... David's place was empty,' echoing Jonathan's prediction that David's seat would be missed.
  • 1 Samuel 20:33 (structural): Shows the consequence Jonathan anticipated—Saul's violent reaction when David is absent (Saul strikes Jonathan), linking the missed seat to a breakdown in father–son and Jonathan–David relations.
  • Psalm 81:3 (thematic): References the new moon as a liturgical, communal occasion ('blow the trumpet at the new moon'), illustrating why an absence from the royal/new-month feast would be conspicuous and socially significant.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan said to him, 'Tomorrow is the new moon; you will be missed, because your seat will be missed.'
  • Jonathan said to him, 'Tomorrow is the new moon; you will be missed, because your seat will be missed.'
19 'And on the third day go down quickly to the place where you hid yourself; and stay by the stone Ezel.'

1 S.20.19 - Details

Original Text

ושלשת תרד מאד ובאת אל־ המקום אשר־ נסתרת שם ביום המעשה וישבת אצל האבן האזל׃

Morphology

  • ושלשת: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • תרד: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,sg
  • מאד: ADV
  • ובאת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נסתרת: VERB,niphal,perf,2,m,sg
  • שם: ADV
  • ביום: PREP
  • המעשה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • אצל: PREP
  • האבן: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • האזל: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Sam 20:18 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same scene: Jonathan gives the same instructions about David hiding and the meeting by the stone Ezel (the planned signal and place are repeated).
  • 1 Sam 20:35-36 (structural): The actual fulfillment of the instruction: David hides and Jonathan comes to the stone Ezel to test Saul’s mood and confirm the signal, completing the episode begun in v.19.
  • 1 Sam 24:3-7 (thematic): David hides in the cave of Engedi and unexpectedly comes into close proximity with Saul; thematically similar (hiding from Saul, a tense encounter where David could be discovered).
  • 1 Sam 22:1-2 (thematic): David seeks refuge in the cave of Adullam and gathers followers—another episode of David fleeing Saul and finding hidden places of safety, reflecting the broader motif of concealment and pursuit.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When you have stayed three days, go down quickly and come to the place where you hid yourself on the day of the deed; and sit by the stone Ezel.
  • And on the third day you shall go down quickly and come to the place where you hid yourself the day of the appointment; and you shall sit by the stone Ezel.
20 'I will shoot three arrows to the side, as though I shot at a mark.'

1 S.20.20 - Details

Original Text

ואני שלשת החצים צדה אורה לשלח־ לי למטרה׃

Morphology

  • ואני: PRON,1,sg
  • שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
  • החצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • צדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אורה: ADV,loc
  • לשלח: VERB,qal,inf
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • למטרה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1Sam.20.18 (structural): Immediate preparatory verse setting up the same signal plan between David and Jonathan (arrangement to meet at the stone and the signal by arrows).
  • 1Sam.20.21 (verbal): Jonathan explicitly interprets the meaning of the arrow signals for David—explains how the ‘beyond you’/‘on this side’ phrasing will indicate danger or safety, directly tied to v.20.
  • 1Sam.20.22 (structural): Narrates the execution of the arrow-sign plan (Jonathan shoots and the boy runs), completing the sequence begun in v.20 and showing the practical outcome of the signal.
  • 1Sam.23.16 (thematic): Jonathan again aids and encourages David (strengthening his hand), paralleling the covenantal friendship and protective intent behind the arrow signal in 1 Sam 20.
  • 2Sam.1.26 (thematic): David’s lament for Jonathan emphasizes the depth of their covenant bond and love—theme underlying the care and secret signaling that v.20 enacts.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will shoot three arrows to the side as though I shot at a target.
  • And I will shoot three arrows to the side, as though at a mark; and I will send the lad, saying, "Go, find the arrows."
21 'And I will send the lad, saying, “Go, find the arrows.” If I say to the lad, “Look, the arrows are on this side of you,” take them and come; for the LORD has sent you away.

1 S.20.21 - Details

Original Text

והנה אשלח את־ הנער לך מצא את־ החצים אם־ אמר אמר לנער הנה החצים ׀ ממך והנה קחנו ׀ ובאה כי־ שלום לך ואין דבר חי־ יהוה׃

Morphology

  • והנה: ADV
  • אשלח: VERB,qal,imperf,1,_,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • מצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • החצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אם: CONJ
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לנער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הנה: PART
  • החצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • והנה: ADV
  • קחנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,pl
  • ובאה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Sam.20.22 (verbal): Direct fulfillment of the signal arrangement: Jonathan sends the boy, shoots the arrows, and speaks the same words/signs that David had prescribed.
  • 1 Sam.20.17 (structural): Immediate context in which David and Jonathan confirm their covenant and oath—this covenant provides the basis for the secret signaling plan.
  • 1 Sam.18:3 (thematic): The original formation of Jonathan's covenant/friendship with David (love and oath) that underlies Jonathan’s protective actions and the secret arrangement.
  • 2 Sam.9:1-13 (thematic): Later fulfillment of covenantal loyalty: David shows kindness to Jonathan’s son Mephibosheth because of the oath between David and Jonathan, illustrating the enduring consequences of their covenant.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And I will send the lad, saying, "Go, find the arrows." If I say to the lad, "Behold, the arrows are beyond you," then take them; for peace to you; there is nothing—so may the LORD live.
  • And behold, I will send the lad to you. If I say to the lad, "Behold, the arrows are beyond you," then you shall go; for the LORD has sent you away—peace be with you; there is nothing, as the LORD lives.
22 'But if I say to the lad, “Look, the arrows are beyond you,” then you shall go, for the LORD has sent you away.'

1 S.20.22 - Details

Original Text

ואם־ כה אמר לעלם הנה החצים ממך והלאה לך כי שלחך יהוה׃

Morphology

  • ואם: CONJ
  • כה: ADV
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לעלם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הנה: PART
  • החצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • והלאה: ADV
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • שלחך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Sam 20:18-21 (structural): Immediate context laying out the signaling plan (shooting arrows, sending the boy) and the instructions that 20:22 restates — same scene and procedural detail.
  • 1 Sam 20:40-42 (verbal): The actual carrying out of the arrow signal and the follow‑up words (including the covenantal formula 'the LORD be between thee and me'), which confirm the meaning of the signal in 20:22.
  • 1 Sam 18:1-4 (thematic): Earlier covenant and deep friendship between David and Jonathan (exchange of garments/arms) that undergirds the secret signaling and mutual protection evident in 20:22.
  • 1 Sam 23:16-18 (thematic): Jonathan seeks out and strengthens David again and reiterates their covenantal loyalty, echoing the protective intent behind the arrow signal in 20:22.
  • 2 Sam 1:26 (thematic): David's lament for Jonathan highlights the depth and seriousness of their bond — the same bond that motivates Jonathan's warning and the coded arrow message of 1 Sam 20:22.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But if I say to the lad, "Behold, the arrows are before you," then go your way; for the LORD has sent you away.
  • But if I say to the lad, "Behold, the arrows are on this side of you," then you shall stay; for the LORD has sent me.
23 'And concerning the matter that we have spoken of—behold, the LORD is between you and me forever.'

1 S.20.23 - Details

Original Text

והדבר אשר דברנו אני ואתה הנה יהוה ביני ובינך עד־ עולם׃

Morphology

  • והדבר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • דברנו: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf_1pl
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
  • הנה: PART
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ביני: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ובינך: CONJ+PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Sam 20:14-17 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same episode: Jonathan and David exchange an oath/covenant using the formula that the LORD be between them and their descendants forever (same covenant language).
  • Gen 21:22-34 (thematic): Abraham and Abimelech make a formal covenant/compact and invoke God as witness between the parties ('let there be a covenant between us'), paralleling the idea of God standing between two human parties as guarantor of an agreement.
  • Gen 31:44-52 (structural): Jacob and Laban set up a witness‑heap and invoke God as judge between them, a structural parallel of two individuals establishing a binding agreement with God as the guarantor/witness.
  • Josh 9:15-20 (thematic): Israel’s treaty with the Gibeonites involves sworn covenants and oaths between human parties (administered before God), reflecting the practice of invoking divine witness to secure mutual pledges.
  • 2 Sam 3:12-21 (thematic): Abner’s negotiation to bring Israel to David involves making covenants/treaties on behalf of the people; like 1 Sam 20:23 it reflects the political/religious practice of formal agreements in which God’s will or witness legitimizes the bond between parties.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And as for the matter which we have spoken of, the LORD be between you and me forever.
  • And the matter which we have spoken of shall be between me and you and the LORD forever.
24 So David hid in the field; and when the new moon came, the king sat down to eat.

1 S.20.24 - Details

Original Text

ויסתר דוד בשדה ויהי החדש וישב המלך אל־ הלחם לאכול׃

Morphology

  • ויסתר: VERB,hitp,impf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • החדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • הלחם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לאכול: VERB,qal,inf

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:18 (verbal): Same episode — the new moon feast and David’s planned absence/return are set up earlier (Jonathan’s arrangement), directly parallels the mention of David hiding at the new moon.
  • 1 Samuel 20:29-33 (structural): Continuation of the scene: the king sits to eat, notices David’s absence, and reacts angrily — shows the immediate consequences of the king’s meal and David’s hiding.
  • 1 Samuel 24:3 (thematic): David again hides from Saul (takes refuge in a cave) while Saul seeks him — parallels the motif of David’s flight and concealment from the pursuing king.
  • Numbers 28:11-15 (allusion): Prescribes sacrifices/observance for the new moon — provides cultic background for the ‘new moon’ feast mentioned in 1 Sam 20:24 (the royal/table context of the day).

Alternative generated candidates

  • David hid himself in the field. The new moon came, and the king sat down to eat.
  • So David hid himself in the field; and when the new moon came, the king sat down to eat.
25 The king sat upon his seat by the wall, as at other times; Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul’s side, while David’s place was empty.

1 S.20.25 - Details

Original Text

וישב המלך על־ מושבו כפעם ׀ בפעם אל־ מושב הקיר ויקם יהונתן וישב אבנר מצד שאול ויפקד מקום דוד׃

Morphology

  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • על: PREP
  • מושבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • כפעם: PREP
  • בפעם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • מושב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הקיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אבנר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מצד: PREP
  • שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויפקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:23 (verbal): Almost identical wording earlier in the same pericope: the king 'sat upon his seat, as at other times, upon the seat by the wall' — the phrase is repeated here to mark the ritual court setting.
  • 1 Samuel 20:42 (structural): Immediate conclusion of the scene: Jonathan and David's parting and covenant; explains the outcome of David's having an assigned place and his departure from the court.
  • 2 Samuel 3:6-21 (thematic): Abner's later change of allegiance from Saul's house to David (negotiating to make David king over all Israel) contrasts with his earlier position sitting at Saul's side in the court.
  • Psalm 110:1 (thematic): Shares the royal motif of sitting at a privileged place at the ruler's side (cf. 'sit at my right hand'); thematically related to the significance of seating and placement in royal ideology.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The king sat upon his seat as at other times, by the wall; Jonathan arose and Abner sat by Saul's side, while David's place was empty.
  • And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, upon a seat by the wall; and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul's side; and David's place was empty.
26 Saul said nothing on that day, for he thought, 'Something has happened—he is unclean; surely he is unclean.'

1 S.20.26 - Details

Original Text

ולא־ דבר שאול מאומה ביום ההוא כי אמר מקרה הוא בלתי טהור הוא כי־ לא טהור׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מאומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ביום: PREP
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מקרה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • בלתי: NEG
  • טהור: ADJ,m,sg
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • טהור: ADJ,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:27 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation — Saul observes Jonathan's absence and begins to form a judgment that explains his earlier silence in 20:26.
  • 1 Samuel 20:31-33 (thematic): Saul’s subsequent confrontation and accusation of Jonathan shows how his silent assumption in 20:26 (that something is wrong/that Jonathan is ‘unclean’ or afflicted) hardens into suspicion and hostility.
  • 1 Samuel 14:45 (thematic): Earlier instance of Saul reproving Jonathan and interpreting Jonathan’s actions as wrong or rebellious — parallels Saul’s readiness here to interpret apparent illness or odd behaviour as culpable.
  • Leviticus 15:19,31 (verbal): Uses the legal language of ritual impurity/‘uncleanness’ (tahor/tameʼ) that underlies the phrase in 1 Sam 20:26; helps explain the term’s cultic/health connotations that inform Saul’s inference.
  • 1 Samuel 21:12-15 (thematic): David’s later tactic of feigning madness/illness to escape danger parallels the motif of ‘being unwell/unclean’ as a social/strategic category — here showing both perception and performative use of illness/uncleanness in the narrative world.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Saul said nothing that day; for he thought, 'Something has befallen him; he is unclean; surely he is unclean.'
  • But Saul did not say anything that day, for he thought, "Something has happened to him: he is not clean; surely he is not clean."
27 But on the next day, the second day of the month, David’s place was empty again; and Saul said to Jonathan his son, 'Why has the son of Jesse not come to the table either yesterday or today?'

1 S.20.27 - Details

Original Text

ויהי ממחרת החדש השני ויפקד מקום דוד ויאמר שאול אל־ יהונתן בנו מדוע לא־ בא בן־ ישי גם־ תמול גם־ היום אל־ הלחם׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ממחרת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • החדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • ויפקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • מדוע: ADV
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישי: NOUN,prop,sg,m
  • גם: ADV
  • תמול: ADV
  • גם: ADV
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • הלחם: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:5 (structural): Same scene—Jonathan and David plan around the new moon to test Saul’s intentions; it sets up why David’s absence at the new moon meal is significant.
  • 1 Samuel 20:30-31 (verbal): Immediate narrative parallel: Saul angrily rebukes Jonathan for David’s absence and denounces David as a 'son of Belial'—continuation of the confrontation begun in v.27.
  • 1 Samuel 21:1-2 (thematic): Explains what David does instead of attending the new moon meal—his flight to Nob and seeking provisions from Ahimelech, accounting for his absence from Saul’s table.
  • Numbers 28:11-15 (thematic): Prescribes the offerings and cultic observance for the new moon—background for the 'new moon' meal/ceremony that David was expected to attend.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it was the second day of the new moon; David's place was empty; and Saul said to his son Jonathan, 'Why has the son of Jesse not come to the table, neither yesterday nor today?'
  • And it came to pass on the next day, the second day of the month, that David's place was empty; and Saul said to Jonathan his son, 'Why has not the son of Jesse come to the table, either yesterday or today?'
28 Jonathan answered Saul, 'David earnestly asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem.

1 S.20.28 - Details

Original Text

ויען יהונתן את־ שאול נשאל נשאל דוד מעמדי עד־ בית לחם׃

Morphology

  • ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נשאל: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
  • נשאל: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מעמדי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1,ms
  • עד: PREP
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:5 (verbal): Earlier in the same episode David asks Jonathan for leave to go to Bethlehem because of a family sacrifice—this is the request Jonathan reports to Saul in v.28.
  • 1 Samuel 16:11-13 (thematic): Samuel's visit to Jesse at Bethlehem and the anointing of David establishes David's origin in Bethlehem, the family context invoked in v.28.
  • 1 Samuel 17:12-15 (thematic): These verses locate Jesse and his sons in Bethlehem and describe David as the youngest who tended the sheep, underlining the familial/home ties that explain David's trip to Bethlehem.
  • 1 Samuel 20:41-42 (structural): The immediate narrative continuation (Jonathan's farewell and covenant with David) frames Jonathan's explanation to Saul in v.28 and shows the plan and relationship behind the reported trip.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan answered Saul, 'David earnestly asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem his city, for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family; and my brother commanded me to be there.
  • Jonathan answered Saul, 'David asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem his city; for there is a yearly sacrifice there for the family; and he commanded me to let him go, and he said, "Let me go; for our family has obligation there."'
29 He said, “Let me go, for our family has a sacrifice in the city, and my brother has commanded me to be there. Now therefore I have come about this reason”; hence he has not yet come to the king’s table.'

1 S.20.29 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר שלחני נא כי זבח משפחה לנו בעיר והוא צוה־ לי אחי ועתה אם־ מצאתי חן בעיניך אמלטה נא ואראה את־ אחי על־ כן לא־ בא אל־ שלחן המלך׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • שלחני: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • נא: PART
  • כי: CONJ
  • זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • משפחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
  • ועתה: CONJ
  • אם: CONJ
  • מצאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • חן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בעיניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,2,ms
  • אמלטה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,sg
  • נא: PART
  • ואראה: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,com,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
  • על: PREP
  • כן: ADV
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • שלחן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:16 (structural): Earlier in the same episode Jonathan makes a covenant with David — explains his protective attitude and motivation for avoiding the king's table.
  • 1 Samuel 19:1-2 (thematic): Saul's prior intent to kill David provides the background pressure that makes Jonathan fearful for David's safety and motivates his secretive actions.
  • 1 Samuel 20:42 (structural): The chapter's closing scene where Jonathan and David reaffirm their covenant and part ways — shows the outcome of Jonathan's excuse and his loyalty to David.
  • 1 Samuel 23:16-18 (thematic): Later Jonathan seeks out and encourages David in the wilderness, echoing the same loyalty and protective friendship that led him to avoid the king's table.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So I went; therefore he has not come to the king's table.'
  • Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, 'You son of a perverse rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of your mother's nakedness?'
30 Then Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, 'You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your shame and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness?'

1 S.20.30 - Details

Original Text

ויחר־ אף שאול ביהונתן ויאמר לו בן־ נעות המרדות הלוא ידעתי כי־ בחר אתה לבן־ ישי לבשתך ולבשת ערות אמך׃

Morphology

  • ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
  • אף: ADV
  • שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ביהונתן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נעות: VERB,qal,part,3,f,pl
  • המרדות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • הלוא: PART
  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • בחר: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • לבן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישי: NOUN,prop,sg,m
  • לבשתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ולבשת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • ערות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • אמך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:1-4 (structural): Describes the close covenant and friendship between Jonathan and David (Jonathan giving David his robe, armor etc.), which is the basis for Saul's charge that Jonathan has 'chosen the son of Jesse.'
  • 1 Samuel 18:8-11 (thematic): Reports Saul's growing jealousy and hostile actions toward David (including an attempt to pin him with a spear), paralleling Saul's anger and violent intent in 1 Sam 20:30–33.
  • 1 Samuel 19:1-7 (structural): Shows Saul's explicit determination to kill David and Jonathan's efforts to protect him, providing immediate narrative background for Saul's accusation against Jonathan in ch.20.
  • 1 Samuel 20:31-33 (verbal): The immediate continuation of the scene: Saul repeats his denunciation and hurls a spear at Jonathan (vv.31–33), directly connected to the outburst of 20:30.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, 'You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of your mother's nakedness?
31 'As long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Now therefore send and bring him to me, for he shall surely die.'

1 S.20.31 - Details

Original Text

כי כל־ הימים אשר בן־ ישי חי על־ האדמה לא תכון אתה ומלכותך ועתה שלח וקח אתו אלי כי בן־ מות הוא׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • כל: DET
  • הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישי: NOUN,prop,sg,m
  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תכון: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ומלכותך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def,poss2,m,sg
  • ועתה: CONJ
  • שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • וקח: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
  • אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מות: VERB,qal,infabs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:8-11 (verbal): Saul's growing jealousy and hostile intent toward David is first expressed here (he 'looked at David with a bad eye' and even hurled a spear), paralleling the threat that David's life prevents Jonathan's establishment.
  • 1 Samuel 19:1-2 (thematic): Saul explicitly tells his son Jonathan to kill David (or arranges his death), showing the same hostile determination reflected in 20:31 to have David seized and put to death.
  • 1 Samuel 19:11-17 (structural): Saul sends messengers and a guard to seize David at night (and Michal helps David escape), a directly parallel sequence of attempts to capture/kill David similar to the command in 20:31 to 'send and bring him' as a dead man.
  • 1 Samuel 31:2-6 (thematic): The account of Saul's death on Gilboa and the collapse of his house provides an ironic outcome to Saul's threats — though he vowed David's death would prevent another's establishment, Saul himself falls and his line is extinguished.
  • 2 Samuel 5:3-5 (allusion): David's eventual anointing and consolidation as king over Israel contrasts and answers Saul's earlier proclamation in 20:31 that 'neither you nor your kingdom shall be established' while David lived; despite Saul's hostility, David ultimately inherits the throne.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For as long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, neither shall your kingdom be established, nor your rule; therefore now send and bring him to me, for he shall surely die.'
  • For as long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established; therefore now send and bring him to me, for he shall surely die.'
32 Jonathan answered Saul his father, 'Why should he be put to death? What has he done?'

1 S.20.32 - Details

Original Text

ויען יהונתן את־ שאול אביו ויאמר אליו למה יומת מה עשה׃

Morphology

  • ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • למה: ADV
  • יומת: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מה: PRON,int
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 19:4-6 (verbal): Jonathan earlier defends David before Saul with similar language, insisting David has done no wrong to the king and urging mercy (directly parallels Jonathan's plea here).
  • 1 Samuel 20:13-16 (structural): Immediate context in which Jonathan and David make a covenant and Jonathan vows loyalty and protection—background for Jonathan's protest against killing David in v.32.
  • 1 Samuel 24:10-11 (thematic): David protests his innocence to Saul and asks why he should be pursued or killed—same theme of an unjust accusation and plea for explanation.
  • 1 Samuel 26:8-11 (thematic): David again refuses to harm Saul and challenges the justification for being treated as an enemy, echoing the question 'what has he done?' about persecution of the anointed.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said to him, 'Why shall he be put to death? What has he done?'
  • Jonathan answered Saul his father and said to him, 'Why shall he be put to death? What has he done?'
33 Saul threw his spear at him to strike him; and Jonathan knew that it was his father’s intention to slay David.

1 S.20.33 - Details

Original Text

ויטל שאול את־ החנית עליו להכתו וידע יהונתן כי־ כלה היא מעם אביו להמית את־ דוד׃

Morphology

  • ויטל: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • החנית: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • להכתו: PREP+VERB,qal,infc,3,m,sg
  • וידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • כלה: ADV
  • היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
  • מעם: PREP
  • אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • להמית: VERB,hiphil,inf
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Sam 18:11 (verbal): Saul hurls a spear at David in Jonathan's house with intent to pin him to the wall — nearly identical action and motive (Saul's murderous jealousy).
  • 1 Sam 19:10-11 (verbal): Saul, seized by an evil spirit, again attempts to strike/pin David with a spear; Jonathan intervenes — a close parallel in sequence and in Jonathan's protective role.
  • Gen 37:18-20 (thematic): Joseph's brothers conspire to kill him out of envy — thematically parallels Saul's murderous jealousy toward a favored younger man (David).
  • 1 Sam 31:4-5 (structural): Saul's violent trajectory culminates in his death by his own hand on the battlefield; thematically contrasts Saul's attempts to kill David with the king's ultimate downfall.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Saul cast a spear at him to strike him down; whereby Jonathan knew that his father had determined to kill David.
  • Then Saul cast his spear at him to strike him; and Jonathan knew that his father had determined to attempt to kill David.
34 Jonathan rose from the table in fierce indignation; he did not eat food on the second day of the new moon, for he was grieved for David, because his father had put him to shame.

1 S.20.34 - Details

Original Text

ויקם יהונתן מעם השלחן בחרי־ אף ולא־ אכל ביום־ החדש השני לחם כי נעצב אל־ דוד כי הכלמו אביו׃

Morphology

  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מעם: PREP
  • השלחן: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בחרי: PREP
  • אף: ADV
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ביום: PREP
  • החדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • נעצב: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • הכלמו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,pl
  • אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Sam.20:30–31 (structural): Immediate context: Saul publicly shames Jonathan at the new‑moon feast, which explains Jonathan’s anger, rising from the table, and refusal to eat.
  • 1 Sam.18:1–4 (thematic): Jonathan’s deep covenant love for David is established here, giving motive for Jonathan’s distress and solidarity with David when David is dishonored.
  • 2 Sam.1:11–12 (thematic): David and his men mourn and fast for Saul and Jonathan — a parallel instance of mourning expressed by abstaining from food in connection with grief for a close companion.
  • 2 Sam.12:16 (thematic): David fasts and prays when his child is dying — another example of refusing food as an expression of acute sorrow and intercessory anguish.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger and did not eat food on the second day of the new moon, for he was grieved for David because his father had shamed him.
  • And Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger and ate no food the second day, for he was grieved for David because his father had brought him shame.
35 In the morning Jonathan went out into the field at the appointed time with David, and a little lad was with him.

1 S.20.35 - Details

Original Text

ויהי בבקר ויצא יהונתן השדה למועד דוד ונער קטן עמו׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בבקר: PREP
  • ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • למועד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ונער: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קטן: ADJ,m,sg
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Sam.20.18-19 (structural): Immediate narrative setup for the rendezvous — Jonathan arranges the time/place and signals for David, providing the context for the morning meeting in the field.
  • 1 Sam.20.40 (verbal): Continuation of the same action: Jonathan sends the young lad to fetch the arrows after shooting them — mirrors the presence and role of the boy mentioned in v.35.
  • 1 Sam.20.41-42 (thematic): The actual meeting, sign, and emotional farewell between Jonathan and David at the appointed spot — completes the secret rendezvous begun in v.35.
  • 1 Sam.23.16-18 (thematic): Jonathan again leaves his place to come to David and encourage/strengthen him in secret — a parallel instance of Jonathan's personal support and covenantal friendship outside the royal court.

Alternative generated candidates

  • In the morning Jonathan went out into the field to the appointment with David, and a little lad was with him.
  • In the morning Jonathan went out into the field at the appointed time with David, and a little lad was with him.
36 He said to his lad, 'Run, find the arrows that I shoot.' As the lad ran, Jonathan shot an arrow beyond him.

1 S.20.36 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר לנערו רץ מצא נא את־ החצים אשר אנכי מורה הנער רץ והוא־ ירה החצי להעברו׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לנערו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • רץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • נא: PART
  • את: PRT,acc
  • החצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • מורה: VERB,qal,ptcp,NA,m,sg
  • הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • רץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ירה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • החצי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • להעברו: PREP+VERB,hiph,inf+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:18 (verbal): Jonathan’s earlier instruction to David about the arrow-sign — the same motif of shooting arrows as a prearranged signal between the two (planning and meaning of the shot).
  • 1 Samuel 20:41-42 (structural): The immediate narrative resolution of the episode (final meeting and covenant) that follows the arrow-sign; shows the same sequence of sending a boy, the arrow as signal, and the parting of Jonathan and David.
  • Genesis 21:20 (thematic): Ishmael ‘became an archer’ — another instance where a person is connected with the skill of shooting arrows; thematically links archery with movement, signaling or martial competence in the patriarchal narratives.
  • Psalm 127:4 (thematic): Uses arrows as a metaphor for children — highlights the broader biblical symbolism of arrows as things shot forth and recovered/placed, resonating with the image of sending/receiving arrows in the Jonathan–David episode.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He said to his lad, 'Run, find now the arrows which I shoot.' As the lad ran, Jonathan shot an arrow beyond him.
  • And he said to his lad, 'Run, find now the arrows which I shoot.' As the lad ran, Jonathan shot an arrow beyond him.
37 When the lad came to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, 'Hurry, stop!' The lad gathered up the arrows and came to his master.

1 S.20.37 - Details

Original Text

ויבא הנער עד־ מקום החצי אשר ירה יהונתן ויקרא יהונתן אחרי הנער ויאמר הלוא החצי ממך והלאה׃

Morphology

  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • עד: PREP
  • מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • החצי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • ירה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אחרי: PREP
  • הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הלוא: PART
  • החצי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • והלאה: ADV

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 20:40 (structural): Immediate continuation of the signal episode—Jonathan shoots the arrows and gives the boy instructions, showing 20:37 part of the arranged sign for David’s escape.
  • 1 Samuel 20:41 (structural): The aftermath of the signaling: David and Jonathan reaffirm their covenant and part, showing the purpose and result of the signal described in 20:37.
  • 1 Samuel 18:1-4 (thematic): Earlier account of Jonathan’s deep friendship and covenant with David; provides the motive for Jonathan’s elaborate signaling to protect David.
  • 1 Samuel 19:11-12 (thematic): Another episode of covert protection/escape (Michal helping David flee through a window), paralleling the theme of secret arrangements made to save David from Saul.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The lad came to the place where Jonathan had shot, and Jonathan cried after the lad, 'Is not the arrow beyond you?'
  • And the lad came to the place where Jonathan had shot; Jonathan cried after the lad, 'Is not the arrow beyond you?'
38 But the lad knew nothing of the matter; only Jonathan and David knew the thing.

1 S.20.38 - Details

Original Text

ויקרא יהונתן אחרי הנער מהרה חושה אל־ תעמד וילקט נער יהונתן את־ החצים ויבא אל־ אדניו׃

Morphology

  • ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אחרי: PREP
  • הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מהרה: ADV
  • חושה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • תעמד: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,sg
  • וילקט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • נער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • החצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • אדניו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+POSS,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1Sam.20.18 (verbal): Same signal plan: Jonathan instructs David about arrows and the boy’s role—shared wording and immediate narrative context (use of arrows, boy, and hurrying).
  • 1Sam.20.21 (structural): Description of David hiding and the prescribed arrow-sign; sets up the action that culminates in 20:38 when the boy gathers the arrows and returns.
  • 1Sam.20.22 (verbal): Jonathan’s command to the lad to run and bring the arrows mirrors 20:38’s depiction of the youth retrieving the arrows and coming to his master (same motifs and verbs).
  • 1Sam.20.40 (thematic): After the arrow episode the text notes that the boy knew nothing of the plan—connects to 20:38’s emphasis on the lad’s role as an unwitting messenger and the secrecy between Jonathan and David.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan cried after the lad, 'Hurry, make sure, do not stand still.' And the lad gathered up the arrows and came to his master.
  • Jonathan called after the lad, 'Hurry, speed! Do not stand still.' So the lad gathered up the arrows and came to his master.
39 Then Jonathan gave his weapons to the lad who was with him and said, 'Go, carry them to the city.'

1 S.20.39 - Details

Original Text

והנער לא־ ידע מאומה אך יהונתן ודוד ידעו את־ הדבר׃

Morphology

  • והנער: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מאומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אך: PART
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ודוד: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Sam 20:18-22 (structural): Immediate context: the passage describing Jonathan's arranged signal with arrows and his instructions to the boy — explains how only Jonathan and David understood the plan while the youth remained unaware.
  • 2 Sam 1:26 (thematic): David's lament for Jonathan highlights the deep, exclusive bond between them ('your love to me was wonderful'), explaining why they alone shared secret knowledge and plans.
  • 1 Sam 23:16 (thematic): Jonathan privately visits and encourages David in the wilderness, another instance of confidential support and communication known to the two friends but not to others.
  • Luke 2:44-45 (thematic): A parallel example of someone (a child) being left behind/unknown to others during a planned movement — 'they did not know it' — echoing the motif of key participants being unaware except for a few.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now the lad knew nothing; only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
  • But the lad knew nothing; only Jonathan and David knew the thing.
40 When the lad had gone, David rose from beside the southward rock and bowed three times to Jonathan; they kissed one another, and wept together—David the more.

1 S.20.40 - Details

Original Text

ויתן יהונתן את־ כליו אל־ הנער אשר־ לו ויאמר לו לך הביא העיר׃

Morphology

  • ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
  • אל: NEG
  • הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • הביא: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Sam 18:4 (verbal): Jonathan gives David his robe and also his weapons (sword, bow, belt); a direct narrative and verbal parallel in which Jonathan transfers personal arms/attire to another man.
  • 1 Sam 17:38-40 (verbal): Saul puts his armor on David (offers his weapons/gear to another) before David goes out to fight Goliath; similar language and motif of giving weapons/armor to a younger man.
  • 1 Kings 19:19-21 (thematic): Elijah casts his mantle on Elisha and Elisha cuts the yoke of oxen, taking leave to follow Elijah — a thematic parallel of passing symbolic garments/implements and a younger attendant assuming a new role.
  • Gen 41:42 (thematic): Pharaoh bestows his signet ring, garments, and a chariot on Joseph as tokens of authority and favor; thematically parallels the giving of personal items as marks of status and transfer.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Jonathan gave his weapons to the lad who was with him and said, 'Go, carry them into the city.'
  • Then Jonathan gave his weapons to the lad who was with him and said to him, 'Go, carry them to the city.'
41 Jonathan said to David, 'Go in peace, as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, “The LORD shall be between you and me, and between your offspring and my offspring, forever.”'

1 S.20.41 - Details

Original Text

הנער בא ודוד קם מאצל הנגב ויפל לאפיו ארצה וישתחו שלש פעמים וישקו ׀ איש את־ רעהו ויבכו איש את־ רעהו עד־ דוד הגדיל׃

Morphology

  • הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ודוד: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • קם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מאצל: PREP
  • הנגב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לאפיו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+sfx3,m
  • ארצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וישתחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
  • פעמים: NOUN,m,du,abs
  • וישקו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • רעהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • ויבכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • רעהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • עד: PREP
  • דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הגדיל: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:1-4 (thematic): Sets the background for Jonathan and David’s close bond and covenant that makes the emotional farewell in 1 Sam 20:41 intelligible (love, covenantal gestures, gift of garments).
  • Genesis 33:4 (verbal): Jacob and Esau ‘kissed’ and ‘wept’ on reuniting—directly parallels the kissing and mutual weeping language and emotional reconciliation/parting motif in 1 Sam 20:41.
  • Genesis 45:14-15 (verbal): Joseph embraces and kisses his brothers and weeps loudly at the reunion—similar sequence of kissing and weeping that marks high-emotion family/ally encounters.
  • Ruth 1:9, 1:14 (verbal): Naomi and Ruth’s parting includes weeping and expressions of affection (kissing), paralleling the tearful farewell and physical gestures of 1 Sam 20:41.
  • 2 Samuel 1:26 (thematic): David’s later lament for Jonathan emphasizes the depth of Jonathan’s love for David (‘more wonderful…than the love of women’), thematically echoing the intimate bond and intense grief implied in the farewell scene.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The lad went, and David arose from beside the south and fell on his face to the ground and bowed three times. They kissed one another and wept with one another, until David wept the more.
  • Now the lad was gone; and David arose from beside the south and fell on his face to the ground and bowed three times. Then they kissed one another and wept with each other, even David wept the more.
42 So David left, and Jonathan went into the city.

1 S.20.42 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהונתן לדוד לך לשלום אשר נשבענו שנינו אנחנו בשם יהוה לאמר יהוה יהיה ׀ ביני ובינך ובין זרעי ובין זרעך עד־ עולם׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • לשלום: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נשבענו: VERB,niphal,perf,1,c,pl
  • שנינו: PRON,1,du
  • אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
  • בשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ביני: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ובינך: CONJ+PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ובין: CONJ+PREP
  • זרעי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • ובין: CONJ+PREP
  • זרעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 18:3 (structural): Earliest statement that Jonathan made a covenant with David and loved him as his own soul; provides the background for the sworn relationship invoked in 20:42.
  • 1 Samuel 23:18 (verbal): Reiterates almost the same oath-formula — 'the LORD be between me and you and between my descendants and your descendants' — a direct repetition of the covenant language of 20:42.
  • 2 Samuel 9:1-7 (thematic): David's extension of kindness to Mephibosheth for Jonathan's sake demonstrates the covenantal loyalty between David and Jonathan continuing to the next generation.
  • Ruth 1:16-17 (allusion): Ruth's sworn pledge before the LORD uses covenant/oath language of enduring loyalty ('the LORD do so to me...'), paralleling the solemn, theologically anchored vow between Jonathan and David.
  • Genesis 21:27-34 (verbal): Abraham and Abimelech make a covenant 'between us and you and your descendants,' echoing the intergenerational covenantal formula found in 1 Samuel 20:42.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Jonathan said to David, 'Go in peace, for as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, the LORD be between you and me, and between your descendants and my descendants forever.'
  • And Jonathan said to David, 'Go in peace, as we have sworn in the name of the LORD, saying, "The LORD shall be between me and you, and between my descendants and your descendants, forever."' So he arose and departed; and David went on his way, and Jonathan went into the city.

David fled from Naioth in Ramah and came and said before Jonathan, 'What have I done? What is my offense and my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?'

Jonathan said to him, 'Far be it from you to die; my father will do nothing great or small without disclosing it to me. Why should my father hide this thing from me? It shall not be so.'

David swore again and said, 'Indeed your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes; and he said, “Let not Jonathan know this,” lest he be grieved. Yet as the LORD lives and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death.'"

Jonathan said to David, 'What do you desire? I will do it for you.'

David said to Jonathan, 'Tomorrow is the new moon; I shall sit with the king to eat. Let me sit where I am, and hide myself in the field until the third evening.

If your father misses me, and you say, “David earnestly asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem his city, for there is a family sacrifice there,”

if he says, “It is well,” your servant is safe; but if he is angry, know that disaster is determined by him.'

'Therefore show kindness to your servant, for you have brought your servant within the covenant of the LORD with you. If there is guilt in me, kill me yourself; why then should you bring me to your father?'

Jonathan said, 'Far be it from you; if my father ever knew, he would be very angry, but I would not tell him.'

David said to Jonathan, 'Who will tell me? Or who will inform your father that my ways have changed?'

Jonathan said to David, 'Come, let us go out into the field.' So both of them went out into the field.

Jonathan said to David, 'O LORD, God of Israel, when I have inquired of my father at this time tomorrow, whatever he does about you I will make known to you.'

'Thus may the LORD do to me and more also, if my father means to do you harm and I do not disclose it to you and send you away that you may go in peace. And may the LORD be with you as he has been with my father.'

'And if—I am yet alive—do not show the kindness of the LORD to me, then may I die.'

'Do not cut off your steadfast love from the house of my father forever; do not cut it off—even when the LORD cuts off every one of David’s enemies from the face of the earth.' So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, and Jonathan caused David to swear again because he loved him; for he loved him as his own soul.

Jonathan repeated the oath to David because he loved him; and he loved him as he loved his own life.

Then Jonathan said to David, 'Tomorrow is the new moon; you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.'

'And on the third day go down quickly to the place where you hid yourself; and stay by the stone Ezel.'

'I will shoot three arrows to the side, as though I shot at a mark.'

'And I will send the lad, saying, “Go, find the arrows.” If I say to the lad, “Look, the arrows are on this side of you,” take them and come; for the LORD has sent you away.

'But if I say to the lad, “Look, the arrows are beyond you,” then you shall go, for the LORD has sent you away.'

'And concerning the matter that we have spoken of—behold, the LORD is between you and me forever.' So David hid in the field; and when the new moon came, the king sat down to eat.

The king sat upon his seat by the wall, as at other times; Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul’s side, while David’s place was empty.

Saul said nothing on that day, for he thought, 'Something has happened—he is unclean; surely he is unclean.' But on the next day, the second day of the month, David’s place was empty again; and Saul said to Jonathan his son, 'Why has the son of Jesse not come to the table either yesterday or today?'

Jonathan answered Saul, 'David earnestly asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem.

He said, “Let me go, for our family has a sacrifice in the city, and my brother has commanded me to be there. Now therefore I have come about this reason”; hence he has not yet come to the king’s table.'

Then Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, 'You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your shame and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness?'

'As long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Now therefore send and bring him to me, for he shall surely die.'

Jonathan answered Saul his father, 'Why should he be put to death? What has he done?'

Saul threw his spear at him to strike him; and Jonathan knew that it was his father’s intention to slay David.

Jonathan rose from the table in fierce indignation; he did not eat food on the second day of the new moon, for he was grieved for David, because his father had put him to shame.

In the morning Jonathan went out into the field at the appointed time with David, and a little lad was with him.

He said to his lad, 'Run, find the arrows that I shoot.' As the lad ran, Jonathan shot an arrow beyond him.

When the lad came to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, 'Hurry, stop!' The lad gathered up the arrows and came to his master. But the lad knew nothing of the matter; only Jonathan and David knew the thing.

Then Jonathan gave his weapons to the lad who was with him and said, 'Go, carry them to the city.'

When the lad had gone, David rose from beside the southward rock and bowed three times to Jonathan; they kissed one another, and wept together—David the more.

Jonathan said to David, 'Go in peace, as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, “The LORD shall be between you and me, and between your offspring and my offspring, forever.”' So David left, and Jonathan went into the city.