Psalms 18–50

Psalm 18:1-50

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 To the chief musician. A song of David, the servant of the LORD, who spoke to the LORD the words of this song on the day that the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul.

Psa.18.1 - Details

Original Text

למנצח ׀ לעבד יהוה לדוד אשר דבר ׀ ליהוה את־ דברי השירה הזאת ביום הציל־ יהוה אותו מכף כל־ איביו ומיד שאול׃

Morphology

  • למנצח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעבד: VERB,qal,inf
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
  • השירה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
  • ביום: PREP
  • הציל: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אותו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • מכף: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • איביו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3ms
  • ומיד: CONJ+PREP
  • שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:1 (quotation): Almost verbatim duplicate: David ‘spoke to the LORD the words of this song’ on the day the LORD delivered him—Psalm 18 and 2 Samuel 22 present the same thanksgiving song of deliverance.
  • Psalm 59:1 (thematic): Another Davidic psalm tied to Saul’s pursuit (‘when Saul sent and watched the house to kill him’)—both express plea/thanksgiving for deliverance from enemies and specifically from Saul.
  • 1 Samuel 24:1-22 (thematic): Narrative backdrop for the superscription: episodes where David is pursued by Saul but spared/delivered (e.g., David’s encounter in the cave), illustrating the historical occasion of the song.
  • Psalm 144:1 (thematic): Like Psalm 18, this Davidic song praises God as deliverer and warrior who readies the psalmist for battle—shared themes of divine rescue, strength, and victory over enemies.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For the director; to the servant of the LORD, David—who spoke to the LORD the words of this song on the day the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul.
  • For the leader; to the servant of the LORD, of David, who spoke to the LORD the words of this song on the day the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul.
2 I will love you, O LORD; you are my strength.

Psa.18.2 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר ארחמך יהוה חזקי׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ארחמך: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,_,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • חזקי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 28:7 (verbal): Uses the same wording 'The LORD is my strength' (and my shield), echoing the declaration of God as personal strength and protector.
  • Psalm 118:14 (verbal): 'The LORD is my strength and my song' repeats the formula of God as the psalmist's strength and source of deliverance and praise.
  • Isaiah 12:2 (verbal): Confesses trust in Yahweh with the explicit phrase 'the LORD JEHOVAH is my strength and my song,' paralleling reliance on God as strength.
  • Habakkuk 3:19 (verbal): 'The LORD God is my strength'—a personal affirmation of divine strength, with the image of God enabling steadfastness and motion like a deer.
  • Nahum 1:7 (thematic): Describes Yahweh as a stronghold/ refuge in times of trouble, thematically parallel to calling God one's strength and protector.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will love you, O LORD, my strength.
  • I love you, O LORD—my strength.
3 The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer; my God is my rock—in him I take refuge—my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.

Psa.18.3 - Details

Original Text

יהוה ׀ סלעי ומצודתי ומפלטי אלי צורי אחסה־ בו מגני וקרן־ ישעי משגבי׃

Morphology

  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • סלעי: NOUN,m,sg,suff_1cs
  • ומצודתי: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,suff_1cs
  • ומפלטי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,suff_1cs
  • אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • צורי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • אחסה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מגני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • וקרן: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ישעי: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • משגבי: NOUN,m,sg,suff_1cs

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:3 (quotation): Nearly identical wording — David’s song of deliverance (2 Samuel 22) is the source parallel to Psalm 18, repeating ‘The LORD is my rock…my fortress…my deliverer.’
  • Psalm 18:2 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same psalm: verse 2 lists the same set of divine metaphors (rock, fortress, deliverer, refuge, shield, horn of salvation, stronghold).
  • Psalm 144:2 (verbal): Uses a very similar cluster of images — 'my lovingkindness and my fortress, my stronghold and my deliverer, my shield' — echoing the language of God as protector and deliverer found in Ps 18:3.
  • Luke 1:69 (allusion): Speaks of God raising 'a horn of salvation' for David’s house; echoes the metaphor 'horn of my salvation' in Ps 18:3 and applies it messianically to God’s saving work.
  • Psalm 31:3 (thematic): Declares 'For you are my rock and my fortress,' sharing the central rock/fortress motif of God as refuge and stronghold found in Ps 18:3.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The LORD is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer; my God, my rock, in whom I take refuge; my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.
  • The LORD is my rock, my fortress, my deliverer; my God, my rock, in whom I take refuge—my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.
4 I call upon the LORD, who is praiseworthy; from my enemies I shall be saved.

Psa.18.4 - Details

Original Text

מהלל אקרא יהוה ומן־ איבי אושע׃

Morphology

  • מהלל: VERB,piel,part,3,m,sg
  • אקרא: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ומן: CONJ+PREP
  • איבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss=1s
  • אושע: VERB,niphal,impf,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:4 (quotation): Almost verbatim repeat of David's song in 2 Samuel 22:4: a call on the LORD who is to be praised and the promise of salvation from enemies (the same royal thanksgiving/song).
  • Psalm 55:16-17 (verbal): ‘As for me, I will call upon God; and the LORD shall save me’ echoes the action of calling on God and receiving salvation from distress/enemies found in Ps 18:4.
  • Psalm 118:5 (thematic): ‘I called upon the LORD in distress; the LORD answered me’ — similar theme of crying out to the LORD and being delivered/rescued from trouble or foes.
  • Psalm 34:4 (thematic): ‘I sought the LORD, and he heard me, and delivered me from all my fears’ — parallels the motif of seeking the LORD by call/prayer and receiving deliverance from threatening circumstances/enemies.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I call on the LORD, who is to be praised; and I am saved from my enemies.
  • I call upon the LORD, who is to be praised; and I am delivered from my enemies.
5 Cords of death surrounded me; torrents of destruction overwhelmed me.

Psa.18.5 - Details

Original Text

אפפוני חבלי־ מות ונחלי בליעל יבעתוני׃

Morphology

  • אפפוני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • חבלי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • מות: VERB,qal,infabs
  • ונחלי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • בליעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יבעתוני: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22.5 (quotation): Psalm 18 is largely a near-duplicate of David's song in 2 Samuel 22; this line corresponds almost word-for-word, using the same 'cords of death' and 'torrents/streams' imagery.
  • Ps.116.3 (verbal): Uses the same phraseology—'the cords of death surrounded me'— echoing the language of peril and near-death entanglement found in Ps 18:5.
  • Jonah 2:5-6 (thematic): Jonah's prayer describes being surrounded by the waters/the depths and brought up from the pit—parallel imagery of overwhelming floods/depths and divine rescue.
  • Ps.88.6 (thematic): Depicts being laid in the lowest pit and engulfed by darkness/the depths, thematically similar to the deathly entrapment and overwhelming torrents of Ps 18:5.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The cords of death encompassed me; the torrents of destruction overwhelmed me.
  • The cords of death encompassed me; torrents of wickedness overwhelmed me.
6 The snares of Sheol hemmed me in; the traps of death were before me.

Psa.18.6 - Details

Original Text

חבלי שאול סבבוני קדמוני מוקשי מות׃

Morphology

  • חבלי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • סבבוני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • קדמוני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מוקשי: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • מות: VERB,qal,infabs

Parallels

  • 2 Sam 22:6 (quotation): Almost verbatim parallel: David’s song in 2 Samuel 22 repeats the image of being surrounded by the cords of Sheol and the snares of death (direct quotation of the same verse).
  • Ps 116:3 (verbal): Uses very similar language — “the cords of death encompassed me” / “the pains of Sheol laid hold on me” — echoing the same imagery of enclosure by death/Sheol.
  • Jonah 2:6 (allusion): Jonah’s prayer describes going down to the bars/gates of the grave (Sheol) and being shut in, a related image of confinement by the realm of death that the psalmist evokes.
  • Ps 30:3 (thematic): Speaks of God rescuing the speaker from the grave/the pit; thematically linked as a contrast to the psalmist’s depiction of being surrounded by the snares of death and later being delivered.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The cords of Sheol were round about me; the snares of death confronted me.
  • The snares of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death met me.
7 In my distress I cried to the LORD; to my God I cried for help. From his temple he heard my voice; my cry entered his ears.

Psa.18.7 - Details

Original Text

בצר־ לי ׀ אקרא יהוה ואל־ אלהי אשוע ישמע מהיכלו קולי ושועתי לפניו ׀ תבוא באזניו׃

Morphology

  • בצר: PREP
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אקרא: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ואל: CONJ+PREP
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • אשוע: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • ישמע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מהיכלו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • קולי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1
  • ושועתי: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • תבוא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • באזניו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:7 (quotation): Nearly identical wording—Psalm 18 is a poetic repetition of David’s song in 2 Samuel 22; both speak of crying to Yahweh in distress and God hearing from his temple/ears.
  • Psalm 86:7 (verbal): Same basic formula—'in the day of my trouble I will call/cry to you' with the expectation that God will answer; echoes the theme of calling and divine response.
  • Psalm 34:4 (thematic): Expresses the same motif of calling/seek­ing the LORD in distress and being heard/delivered—common psalmic theme of prayer in trouble and divine rescue.
  • Jonah 2:2 (thematic): Jonah’s prayer likewise stresses crying out in affliction and God’s hearing; parallels the motif of a desperate cry being received by God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • In my distress I called on the LORD, and cried to my God; from his temple he heard my voice, and my cry came into his ears.
  • In my distress I called on the LORD, and to my God I cried for help; from his temple he heard my voice, and my cry came into his ears.
8 Then the earth quaked and trembled; the foundations of the mountains shook and were agitated, for he burned with anger.

Psa.18.8 - Details

Original Text

ותגעש ותרעש ׀ הארץ ומוסדי הרים ירגזו ויתגעשו כי־ חרה לו׃

Morphology

  • ותגעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • ותרעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ומוסדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • הרים: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ירגזו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויתגעשו: VERB,hithpael,impf,3,m,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • חרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:8 (quotation): Almost verbatim parallel — 2 Samuel 22 is the original/near-identical poetic source of Psalm 18, including the image of the earth and mountains trembling in God's anger.
  • Nahum 1:5 (verbal): Uses similar language of mountains and hills trembling/melting before God's presence, portraying divine wrath with seismic imagery.
  • Habakkuk 3:6 (thematic): Describes God making the earth tremble and the eternal mountains to move — a theophanic, earthquake motif parallel to Psalm 18:8.
  • Exod.19:18 (thematic): Mount Sinai quakes and is wrapped in smoke when God descends — an earlier theophany that parallels the psalm's description of the earth and mountains convulsing at God's anger.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the earth reeled and trembled; the foundations of the mountains shook and were moved, because he was angry.
  • Then the earth reeled and trembled; the foundations of the mountains shook and were moved, because his anger was kindled.
9 Smoke rose from his nostrils, and fire from his mouth consumed; coals were kindled by it.

Psa.18.9 - Details

Original Text

עלה עשן ׀ באפו ואש־ מפיו תאכל גחלים בערו ממנו׃

Morphology

  • עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • באפו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+pr:3,m
  • ואש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מפיו: PREP+NOUN+PRON,3,m,sg
  • תאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • גחלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • בערו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:9 (quotation): Near-verbatim parallel: David’s song in 2 Samuel repeats the same imagery of smoke from his nostrils and fire from his mouth (Psalm 18 and 2 Samuel 22 are largely identical).
  • Exodus 19:18 (verbal): Describes Sinai ‘altogether in smoke’ because the LORD descended in fire; echoes the motif of smoke and consuming fire accompanying God’s presence.
  • Isaiah 66:15 (thematic): Depicts the LORD coming in fire and chariots like a whirlwind—similar theme of divine appearance accompanied by fire and consuming judgment.
  • Psalm 97:3 (thematic): ‘A fire goes before him and burns up his enemies round about’—comparable theme of God’s presence issuing forth consuming fire against foes.
  • Revelation 11:5 (verbal): Uses the striking image of ‘fire proceeding from their mouth’ (of the two witnesses); a later apocalyptic echo of the motif of fire issuing from the mouth as a divinely empowered destructive force.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Smoke went up from his nostrils, and devouring fire from his mouth; coals were kindled by it.
  • Smoke rose from his nostrils, and devouring fire from his mouth; coals were kindled by it.
10 He bowed the heavens and came down; thick clouds were under his feet.

Psa.18.10 - Details

Original Text

ויט שמים וירד וערפל תחת רגליו׃

Morphology

  • ויט: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • וערפל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תחת: PREP
  • רגליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3,m

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:10 (verbal): Parallel song of David (2 Sam 22) with nearly identical language and imagery of God riding/descending on cherub/wings — direct verbal parallel to Ps 18:10.
  • Psalm 104:3 (verbal): Speaks of God making the clouds his chariot and walking on the wings of the wind — similar verbal imagery of clouds/wind as God’s vehicle or footing.
  • Nahum 1:3 (thematic): Describes the LORD’s movement in storm and says ‘the clouds are the dust of his feet,’ echoing the motif of clouds/obscurity under God’s feet.
  • Exodus 19:16-18 (thematic): Account of divine descent on Sinai amid thunder, lightning, thick cloud, and smoke — a related tradition of God coming down with cloud/darkness underfoot.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He bowed the heavens and came down; thick darkness was under his feet.
  • He bowed the heavens and came down; thick clouds were under his feet.
11 He rode upon a cherub and flew; he sped upon the wings of the wind.

Psa.18.11 - Details

Original Text

וירכב על־ כרוב ויעף וידא על־ כנפי־ רוח׃

Morphology

  • וירכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • כרוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויעף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • וידא: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • כנפי: NOUN,f,pl,cstr
  • רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:11 (quotation): Nearly identical wording; 2 Samuel 22 is a close duplicate of Psalm 18 and reads 'He rode on a cherub and flew; he sped on the wings of the wind.'
  • Ps.104:3 (verbal): Uses the same motif of divine locomotion: 'He makes the clouds his chariot; he rides on the wings of the wind,' echoing the 'wings/wind' imagery.
  • Exod.19:4 (thematic): God 'carried you on eagles' wings' — a related theme of God bearing or moving by wings, highlighting divine transport/protection by flight.
  • Deut.32:11 (thematic): The eagle imagery ('like an eagle that stirs up its nest... he spread his wings and took him') parallels the idea of God moving swiftly on wings to deliver.
  • Ezek.1:4-14 (allusion): Visionary description of cherubim with multiple wings and swift, wind‑like movement; resonates with the 'rode on a cherub' and winged divine presence motif.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He rode on a cherub and flew; he swept on the wings of the wind.
  • He rode upon a cherub and flew; he swept on the wings of the wind.
12 Darkness was his covering round about him; thick waters and dense clouds were his canopy.

Psa.18.12 - Details

Original Text

ישת חשך ׀ סתרו סביבותיו סכתו חשכת־ מים עבי שחקים׃

Morphology

  • ישת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • סתרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m
  • סביבותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m
  • סכתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m
  • חשכת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עבי: ADJ,m,sg
  • שחקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:11-12 (quotation): Psalm 18 is largely identical to 2 Samuel 22; these verses reproduce the same imagery—darkness and thick clouds encircling God (direct verbal parallel).
  • Psalm 97:2 (verbal): Uses similar wording and theme—'clouds and thick darkness are round about him'—echoing the motif of divine presence veiled in darkness and dense clouds.
  • Job 26:8-9 (verbal): Speaks of God’s use of clouds and thick waters—'He binds up the water in his thick clouds' and 'He covers the face of his throne, and spreads his cloud upon it'—parallel imagery of clouds and concealment.
  • Nahum 1:3 (thematic): Portrays God’s presence associated with storm and cloud—'the LORD has his way in the whirlwind and the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet'—related theme of divine majesty manifest in clouds/darkness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He made darkness his hiding place, his canopy around him—dark waters and thick clouds of the skies.
  • He made darkness his covering, his canopy around him—dark waters and thick clouds of the skies.
13 At the brightness that was before him his thick clouds passed; hailstones and coals of fire.

Psa.18.13 - Details

Original Text

מנגה נגדו עביו עברו ברד וגחלי־ אש׃

Morphology

  • מנגה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • נגדו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • עביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • עברו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
  • ברד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וגחלי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22.13 (quotation): Direct parallel/doublet of Ps 18:13 in David’s song in 2 Samuel 22; same theophanic image of coals/flames kindled before the LORD.
  • Ps.29.7 (verbal): Describes the LORD’s voice as flashing/bringing forth flames of fire—similar verbal imagery of fire accompanying God’s manifestation.
  • Exod.19.16-18 (structural): The Sinai theophany (thunder, lightning, thick cloud, smoke, and fire on the mountain) supplies the same constellation of phenomena—hail, fire, and divine brightness—used in Ps 18.
  • Isa.30.30 (thematic): Portrays the LORD’s coming with a mighty voice and a devouring flame of fire—thematic parallel to fire/brightness kindled before God in Ps 18:13.

Alternative generated candidates

  • At the brightness before him his thick clouds passed; hailstones and coals of fire.
  • At the brightness before him his thick clouds passed; hailstones and coals of fire.
14 The LORD thundered in the heavens; the Most High uttered his voice—hailstones and coals of fire.

Psa.18.14 - Details

Original Text

וירעם בשמים ׀ יהוה ועליון יתן קלו ברד וגחלי־ אש׃

Morphology

  • וירעם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בשמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ועליון: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • קלו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • ברד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וגחלי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:14 (quotation): Nearly identical wording and context—YHWH thunders from heaven and the Most High utters his voice, with hailstones and coals of fire (Ps 18 is largely parallel to 2 Sam 22).
  • Exodus 9:23-24 (verbal): Describes hail and fire from heaven as a divine judgment (the plague of hail), echoing the image of heavenly hail and fire accompanying God's voice/anger.
  • Psalm 29:3-9 (thematic): Recurrent theme of 'the voice of the Lord' thundering over the waters and affecting earth and mountains—shared thunderous, majestic imagery of God's voice in nature.
  • Psalm 11:6 (verbal): Speaks of God 'raining coals' (fire) on the wicked—similar diction and judicial/hostile imagery of fire from heaven as God's punishment.
  • Revelation 16:21 (allusion): Apocalyptic scene of great hailstones from heaven as divine judgement; echoes the motif of hail/fire from God accompanying wrath and cosmic disturbance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The LORD thundered in the heavens, and the Most High uttered his voice; hailstones and coals of fire.
  • The LORD thundered in the heavens; the Most High gave forth his voice—hailstones and coals of fire.
15 He sent out his arrows and scattered them; lightning flashes routed them.

Psa.18.15 - Details

Original Text

וישלח חציו ויפיצם וברקים רב ויהמם׃

Morphology

  • וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • חציו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3ms
  • ויפיצם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • וברקים: CONJ,NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • רב: ADJ,m,sg
  • ויהמם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:15 (quotation): Nearly verbatim parallel: David's song in 2 Samuel 22 uses the same imagery—God 'sent out his arrows' and flashed lightning to scatter/rout the enemies.
  • Habakkuk 3:11 (verbal): Uses closely related language pairing God's arrows with dazzling light ('at the light of thy arrows...'), echoing the motif of arrows and lightning as divine weapons.
  • Zechariah 9:14 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD's arrow going 'like lightning,' a compact image linking arrows and lightning as instruments of God's action, paralleling Psalm 18:15.
  • Exodus 19:16-19 (thematic): Describes a Sinai theophany with thunder, lightning and fire—a structural parallel in which God's appearance in storm-like phenomena functions as divine judgment/assault, comparable to the imagery of arrows and lightning scattering foes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He sent out his arrows and scattered them; lightning, and he routed them.
  • He sent out his arrows and scattered them; he flashed forth lightnings and routed them.
16 The channels of the sea were seen; the foundations of the world were laid bare at your rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the breath of your nostrils.

Psa.18.16 - Details

Original Text

ויראו ׀ אפיקי מים ויגלו מוסדות תבל מגערתך יהוה מנשמת רוח אפך׃

Morphology

  • ויראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אפיקי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ויגלו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
  • מוסדות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • תבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מגערתך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מנשמת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אפך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:17 (quotation): The same victory song in 2 Samuel 22 repeats the line almost verbatim—God 'sent from above' and 'drew me out of many waters'—showing Ps 18 and 2 Sam 22 are the same poetic confession of deliverance.
  • Jonah 2:3-7 (thematic): Jonah's prayer describes being surrounded by the 'waters' and the 'deep' and God bringing him up from the watery pit—parallel imagery of rescue from overwhelming waters.
  • Psalm 77:16-19 (thematic): This psalm depicts the waters and depths trembling at God's presence and recounts God's path through the sea—echoing the motif of cosmic waters responding to God's power and deliverance.
  • Nahum 1:4-5 (thematic): Nahum portrays God rebuking the sea, drying up rivers and shaking mountains—similar language of God controlling waters and earth in the act of judgment/deliverance found in Ps 18:16.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The channels of the sea were seen; the foundations of the world were laid bare at your rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the breath of your nostrils.
  • The channels of the sea were seen; the foundations of the world were laid bare at your rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the breath of your nostrils.
17 He reached down from on high and took me; he drew me out of many waters.

Psa.18.17 - Details

Original Text

ישלח ממרום יקחני ימשני ממים רבים׃

Morphology

  • ישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ממרום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יקחני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ימשני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ממים: PREP
  • רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:17 (verbal): Nearly identical wording to Psalm 18; David’s song in 2 Samuel recounts God sending from on high and drawing him out of many waters (direct verbal parallel).
  • Psalm 40:2 (thematic): Speaks of God lifting the psalmist out of a miry pit and setting his feet on a rock—parallel rescue imagery of deliverance from overwhelming danger.
  • Jonah 2:5-7 (verbal): Jonah describes the waters closing over him and God bringing his life up from the deep/pit; similar language of being engulfed by waters and divine rescue.
  • Psalm 69:1-2 (thematic): The psalmist laments that waters have come in unto his soul and he sinks in deep mire—comparable imagery of perilous waters and a plea for divine deliverance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He sent from on high and took me; he drew me out of many waters.
  • He sent from on high and took me; he drew me out of many waters.
18 He rescued me from my strong enemy and from those who hated me, for they were too mighty for me.

Psa.18.18 - Details

Original Text

יצילני מאיבי עז ומשנאי כי־ אמצו ממני׃

Morphology

  • יצילני: VERB,hif,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • מאיבי: NOUN,m,pl,abs,1s
  • עז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומשנאי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אמצו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
  • ממני: PREP,suff,1,m,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:18 (quotation): Nearly verbatim parallel: David’s victory song in 2 Sam. 22 repeats Psalm 18’s language about rescue from a mighty enemy who hated him.
  • Psalm 31:8 (thematic): Both verses express divine rescue from the power or will of enemies (not handing over to enemies; being delivered into a broad place).
  • Psalm 34:19 (thematic): Shared motif of the righteous experiencing many troubles but the LORD delivering them from those afflictions/enemies.
  • Psalm 40:2 (thematic): Similar theme of God’s rescuing intervention—drawing the psalmist up from peril (pit/destruction) and establishing him, paralleling deliverance from overwhelming foes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He delivered me from my strong enemy and from those who hated me, for they were too mighty for me.
  • He delivered me from my strong enemy and from those who hated me, for they were too mighty for me.
19 He brought me out into a broad place; the LORD was my support.

Psa.18.19 - Details

Original Text

יקדמוני ביום־ אידי ויהי־ יהוה למשען לי׃

Morphology

  • יקדמוני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl,suff1s
  • ביום: PREP
  • אידי: NOUN,m,sg,poss1s
  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • למשען: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:20 (quotation): Nearly identical verse in 2 Samuel 22 (Psalm 18 and 2 Sam. 22 are largely parallel); same wording about being brought into a large place and delivered.
  • Ps.118:5 (verbal): Uses the same image and near-verbal formula — 'I called; the LORD answered me and set me in a large place' — echoing the 'brought me forth into a large place' rescue language.
  • Ps.31:8 (verbal): Similar wording and metaphor: 'Thou hast set my feet in a large room' (or 'a large place'), paralleling the motif of God enlarging the speaker's space by deliverance.
  • Ps.34:17 (thematic): The broader theme of God rescuing the righteous in response to their cry — 'The righteous cry, and the LORD hears, and delivers them out of all their troubles' — parallels the deliverance motif of Ps.18:19.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He lifted me up on the day of my trouble; the LORD became my support.
  • He brought me forth in the day of my deliverance; the LORD became my support.
20 He rescued me because he delighted in me.

Psa.18.20 - Details

Original Text

ויוציאני למרחב יחלצני כי חפץ בי׃

Morphology

  • ויוציאני: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
  • למרחב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יחלצני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • חפץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:20 (quotation): Almost verbatim parallel — 2 Samuel 22 is the original/parallel version of Psalm 18; both read that God brought the speaker into a broad place and delivered him because He delighted in him.
  • Ps.31:8 (verbal): Uses the same imagery and language — 'set my feet in a large/broad place' (KJV/MT) conveying release from confinement into spacious safety.
  • Ps.40:2 (thematic): Portrays the same salvation motif — God lifts the speaker out of a pit/miry clay and places him on stable ground, analogous to being brought into a broad place.
  • Ps.4:1 (thematic): Speaks of God enlarging/relieving the speaker in distress (KJV: 'thou hast enlarged me when I was in distress'), thematically parallel to being brought out into a broad place as deliverance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He brought me out into a broad place; he rescued me, because he delighted in me.
  • He brought me out into a broad place; he rescued me because he delighted in me.
21 The LORD repaid me according to my righteousness; according to the purity of my hands he recompensed me.

Psa.18.21 - Details

Original Text

יגמלני יהוה כצדקי כבר ידי ישיב לי׃

Morphology

  • יגמלני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כצדקי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:1,sg
  • כבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • ישיב: VERB,hifil,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:21 (quotation): Psalm 18 is largely a repetition of 2 Samuel 22; this verse has nearly identical wording there—God repays David according to his righteousness.
  • Psalm 62:12 (verbal): Expresses the same principle of divine recompense: 'For you will render to a man according to his work,' echoing God rewarding according to righteousness.
  • Job 34:11 (verbal): Affirms the idea that God repays people according to their deeds—'he repays a man according to his work'—a parallel statement about divine retribution/reward.
  • Romans 2:6 (thematic): New Testament parallel: 'God will repay each person according to what they have done,' reflecting the same theological principle of God rendering to individuals according to righteousness or deeds.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness he repaid me.
  • The LORD repaid me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands he recompensed me.
22 For I have kept the ways of the LORD and have not wickedly turned from my God.

Psa.18.22 - Details

Original Text

כי־ שמרתי דרכי יהוה ולא־ רשעתי מאלהי׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • שמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • דרכי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,_,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • רשעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,comm,sg
  • מאלהי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,constr

Parallels

  • Psalm 18:20–21 (structural): Immediate context in the same psalm: David links keeping God’s ways to receiving God’s reward—continues the theme of righteous conduct and divine vindication.
  • Job 23:11–12 (verbal): Very close verbal parallel—Job declares he has 'kept his way' and 'not turned aside,' echoing the language of faithfulness to God's path.
  • Psalm 119:1 (thematic): Beatitude about those whose way is blameless and who walk in the law of the LORD—shares the theme of walking faithfully in God’s ways.
  • Psalm 26:3 (verbal): Speaks of walking in God's truth and having steadfast confidence before God—uses the imagery of walking/keeping God's ways similar to Ps 18:22.
  • Psalm 101:2–3 (thematic): A vow of upright conduct ('I will walk within my house with a perfect heart'; 'I will set no wicked thing before mine eyes')—reflects the commitment to live according to God's ways found in Ps 18:22.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For I have kept the ways of the LORD and have not wickedly departed from my God.
  • For I have kept the way of the LORD and have not wickedly forsaken my God.
23 All his rules were before me, and his statutes I did not put away from me.

Psa.18.23 - Details

Original Text

כי כל־ משפטיו לנגדי וחקתיו לא־ אסיר מני׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • כל: DET
  • משפטיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לנגדי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUF,1,com,sg
  • וחקתיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אסיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מני: PREP+PRON,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • Job 23:12 (verbal): Job insists he has not departed from the words/commandments of God's mouth—a close verbal and ethical parallel to refusing to put God's statutes away.
  • Psalm 119:16 (verbal): "I will delight myself in thy statutes; I will not forget thy word" echoes the commitment to keep God's regulations continually before oneself.
  • Psalm 40:8 (thematic): "I delight to do thy will... thy law is within my heart" parallels the theme of internalizing and faithfully keeping God's statutes.
  • Deuteronomy 6:6 (thematic): The command that God's words be upon the heart and constantly remembered resonates with the psalmist's claim not to cast off God's statutes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • All his statutes were before me, and his rules I did not put away from me.
  • For all his ordinances were before me, and his statutes I did not put away from me.
24 I was blameless before him, and I kept myself from guilt.

Psa.18.24 - Details

Original Text

ואהי תמים עמו ואשתמר מעוני׃

Morphology

  • ואהי: VERB,qal,impf,1,ms,sg
  • תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ואשתמר: VERB,qal,impf,1,ms,sg
  • מעוני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:24 (verbal): Almost word-for-word parallel to Psalm 18:24; both are part of the same victory-song attributed to David and state blamelessness and keeping from sin.
  • Psalm 26:1 (verbal): David's plea begins with a claim of integrity — 'I have walked in mine integrity' — echoing the assertion of being blameless and guarding against iniquity.
  • Psalm 101:2–3 (thematic): Expresses a personal resolve to live uprightly and to avoid evil influences ('walk within my house with a perfect heart; I will set no wicked thing before mine eyes'), paralleling the commitment to be blameless and keep from sin.
  • Psalm 119:1 (thematic): Blessing on the 'undefiled in the way, who walk in the law of the LORD' connects the idea of blamelessness with faithful obedience and avoidance of sin.
  • Proverbs 20:7 (thematic): Affirms the blessing or moral worth of one who 'walks in his integrity,' aligning with Psalm 18:24's emphasis on integrity and abstaining from iniquity.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I was blameless before him, and I kept myself from my sin.
  • I was blameless with him, and I guarded myself from my sin.
25 And the LORD has rewarded me according to my righteousness, according to my cleanness in his sight.

Psa.18.25 - Details

Original Text

וישב־ יהוה לי כצדקי כבר ידי לנגד עיניו׃

Morphology

  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • כצדקי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:1,sg
  • כבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • לנגד: PREP
  • עיניו: NOUN,f,pl,suff

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:26 (verbal): 2 Samuel 22 is largely parallel to Psalm 18; 2 Sam 22:26 repeats the same wording — God dealing with the faithful/blameless as they are (direct verbal parallel).
  • Psalm 18:26 (structural): The immediately following verse in the same psalm continues and completes the thought ('to the pure you show yourself pure; to the crooked you show yourself shrewd'), showing the psalm's internal pattern of God repaying people according to their character.
  • Proverbs 11:31 (thematic): Both verses express the principle that people receive consequences in accord with their moral status — the righteous (and the wicked) receive corresponding recompense, a theme of retributive justice.
  • Galatians 6:7 (thematic): The New Testament formulation 'whatever one sows, that will he also reap' echoes the principle that God (or moral law) returns to people according to their actions, paralleling the idea of God dealing with individuals according to their righteousness.
  • Matthew 7:2 (thematic): Jesus' saying that the measure you use will be measured to you parallels the Psalm's theme that God responds to people in proportion to their character and conduct.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore the LORD has recompensed me according to my righteousness, according to my cleanness in his sight.
  • And the LORD repaid me according to my righteousness, according to my cleanness in his sight.
26 With the merciful you show yourself merciful; with the blameless you show yourself blameless.

Psa.18.26 - Details

Original Text

עם־ חסיד תתחסד עם־ גבר תמים תתמם׃

Morphology

  • עם: PREP
  • חסיד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תתחסד: VERB,hitpael,impf,2,m,sg
  • עם: PREP
  • גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • תתמם: VERB,hitpael,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 18:25 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same psalm: identical reciprocity language—God shows himself merciful/blameless toward the merciful/blameless.
  • Matthew 5:7 (thematic): Beatitude: 'Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy'—expresses the same principle of reciprocal mercy.
  • Luke 6:36 (thematic): Jesus' command to 'be merciful, even as your Father is merciful' links human mercy to God's merciful character, echoing the reciprocity in Ps 18:26.
  • Exodus 34:6-7 (allusion): God's self‑revelation as 'merciful and gracious' provides the theological basis for the psalm's claim that God responds mercifully to the merciful and upright.

Alternative generated candidates

  • With the merciful you show yourself merciful; with the upright you show yourself upright.
  • With the merciful you show yourself merciful; with the upright you show yourself upright.
27 With the crooked you show yourself shrewd; with the perverse you deal craftily.

Psa.18.27 - Details

Original Text

עם־ נבר תתברר ועם־ עקש תתפתל׃

Morphology

  • עם: PREP
  • נבר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • תתברר: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,f,sg
  • ועם: CONJ+PREP
  • עקש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • תתפתל: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 147:6 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD lifting up the humble and casting the wicked down—close verbal/theme match to saving the humble and bringing down the haughty.
  • Luke 1:52 (thematic): Mary’s Magnificat: God brings down the mighty and exalts the humble/lowly, echoing the contrast of haughty vs. humble in divine action.
  • James 4:6 (thematic): ‘God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble’—New Testament parallel of the same contrast between the haughty and the humble.
  • Proverbs 29:23 (thematic): ‘Pride brings a man low, but he who is lowly in spirit obtains honor’—wisdom literature parallel to the outcomes for proud versus humble.

Alternative generated candidates

  • With the pure you deal purely, but with the crooked you show yourself shrewd.
  • With the pure you show yourself pure; with the crooked you deal shrewdly.
28 For you save the humble, but the haughty you bring low.

Psa.18.28 - Details

Original Text

כי־ אתה עם־ עני תושיע ועינים רמות תשפיל׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • עם: PREP
  • עני: ADJ,m,sg
  • תושיע: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • ועינים: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • רמות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • תשפיל: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 2:8 (thematic): Hannah’s song speaks of God raising the poor and bringing low the arrogant — a similar theme of God rescuing the lowly and humbling the proud.
  • Psalm 113:7-8 (verbal): Explicit language about God lifting the poor from the dust and seating them with princes echoes the motif of God’s favor toward the lowly and the reversal of the proud.
  • Luke 1:52 (allusion): The Magnificat declares that God has ‘brought down the powerful from their thrones and lifted up the lowly,’ closely paralleling the psalm’s reversal of the proud and exaltation of the humble.
  • James 4:6 (verbal): ‘God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble’ echoes the Psalm’s contrast between God’s saving help for the humble and humiliation of the haughty.
  • Isaiah 2:11 (verbal): Isaiah’s proclamation that the haughty eyes and lofty looks will be humbled parallels the psalm’s emphasis on God humbling the proud.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For you save the humble people, but the haughty eyes you abase.
  • For you save the humble, but the haughty eyes you bring down.
29 For you light up my lamp; the LORD my God illumines my darkness.

Psa.18.29 - Details

Original Text

כי־ אתה תאיר נרי יהוה אלהי יגיה חשכי׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • תאיר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • נרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • יגיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • חשכי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1s

Parallels

  • Psalm 27:1 (verbal): Directly identifies Yahweh as ‘light’ (The LORD is my light...), echoing the image of God providing light and dispelling darkness.
  • Psalm 119:105 (verbal): Uses the lamp/light metaphor (‘Your word is a lamp to my feet’) closely related to ‘You will light my lamp,’ linking divine guidance and illumination.
  • Isaiah 42:16 (verbal): Speaks of leading the blind and turning ‘darkness into light,’ a close verbal and thematic parallel to God making the psalmist’s darkness bright.
  • John 1:5 (allusion): New Testament portrayal of the divine Light shining into darkness echoes the psalm’s theme of God overcoming and illuminating spiritual darkness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For you are my lamp, O LORD; by you I go upon a troop, and by my God I leap over a wall.
  • You light my lamp; the LORD my God illumines my darkness.
30 With you I can advance against a troop; with my God I can leap over a wall.

Psa.18.30 - Details

Original Text

כי־ בך ארץ גדוד ובאלהי אדלג־ שור׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • גדוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובאלהי: CONJ
  • אדלג: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • שור: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:30 (quotation): Psalm 18 is largely repeated in 2 Samuel 22; this verse corresponds almost word‑for‑word: God enables the psalmist to run through a troop and leap over a wall.
  • 2 Sam.22:34 (verbal): Closely related wording in the parallel song: God gives swift, sure feet (‘like hinds’ feet’) and places the hero on high places—same motif of divinely enabled agility and victory.
  • Hab.3:19 (verbal): Uses the imagery ‘he makes my feet like the deer’s feet’ and divine empowerment for movement on high places—parallels the Psalm’s language of leaping and swift motion given by God.
  • Isa.40:31 (thematic): Speaks of renewed strength from the LORD—‘they shall run and not be weary… mount up with wings’—thematically parallels the psalm’s claim that God enables triumphant running and leaping.

Alternative generated candidates

  • As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is refined; he is a shield to all who take refuge in him.
  • For by you I can run against a troop; by my God I can leap over a wall.
31 As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is refined. He is a shield to all who take refuge in him.

Psa.18.31 - Details

Original Text

האל תמים דרכו אמרת־ יהוה צרופה מגן הוא לכל ׀ החסים בו׃

Morphology

  • האל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • דרכו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אמרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • צרופה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
  • מגן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לכל: PREP
  • החסים: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl,def
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:31 (quotation): Psalm 18 is largely parallel to 2 Samuel 22; this verse appears there with essentially identical language about God's perfection and protection.
  • Nahum 1:7 (thematic): Declares the LORD as a stronghold and protector of those who trust in him, echoing 'a shield to all who take refuge in him.'
  • Proverbs 30:5 (verbal): 'Every word of God is pure' resonates with the language of the LORD's word being tried/purified (צְרוּפָהּ) in Psalm 18:31.
  • Psalm 145:17 (thematic): Affirms God's righteousness and perfect ways—paralleling 'God's way is perfect' in the psalm.
  • Psalm 91:2 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD as refuge and fortress for the one who trusts him, closely paralleling the image of God as protector/shield for those who take refuge.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For who is God, but the LORD? and who is a rock, except our God?
  • As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is proven—he is a shield to all who take refuge in him.
32 For who is God besides the LORD? And who is a rock except our God?

Psa.18.32 - Details

Original Text

כי מי אלוה מבלעדי יהוה ומי צור זולתי אלהינו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • אלוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מבלעדי: PREP
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ומי: PRON,interr
  • צור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • זולתי: PREP
  • אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:32 (quotation): Psalm 18 is nearly identical to 2 Samuel 22; this verse corresponds almost word‑for‑word: 'Who is God but the LORD? Who is a rock but our God?'
  • 1 Samuel 2:2 (verbal): Hannah's song uses the same pair of affirmations ('There is none holy as the LORD... neither is there any rock like our God'), a close verbal parallel.
  • Deuteronomy 32:4 (thematic): God portrayed as the righteous, dependable 'Rock' whose character is unique—echoing the exclusivity and reliability of God in Psalm 18:32.
  • Psalm 62:6–7 (thematic): Expresses the same exclusive trust in God as 'my rock' and deliverer, reinforcing the theme of God alone as protector and refuge.

Alternative generated candidates

  • It is God who girds me with strength, and makes my way blameless.
  • Who is God, but the LORD? And who is a rock, except our God?
33 It is God who girds me with strength and makes my way blameless.

Psa.18.33 - Details

Original Text

האל המאזרני חיל ויתן תמים דרכי׃

Morphology

  • האל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • המאזרני: VERB,piel,perf,3,m,sg
  • חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • דרכי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:33 (quotation): Nearly identical language — in the parallel victory-song of David (2 Sam 22) God is described as giving strength and making the psalmist's way perfect (direct verbal parallel).
  • Psalm 18:36 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same psalm: after God girds the psalmist with strength and makes his way perfect, God enlarges his steps so his feet do not slip — a closely connected thought about divine support and stability.
  • Psalm 37:23-24 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD establishing a person's steps and upholding him when he falls, echoing the theme that God secures and perfects the righteous' path.
  • Isaiah 40:29-31 (thematic): Describes God as the source of renewed strength for the weary and those who wait on the LORD, thematically parallel to the idea that God 'girds' the believer with strength.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He makes my feet like the feet of a hart and sets me upon my high places.
  • God girds me with strength and makes my way blameless.
34 He makes my feet like the feet of a deer and places me secure on the heights.

Psa.18.34 - Details

Original Text

משוה רגלי כאילות ועל במתי יעמידני׃

Morphology

  • משוה: VERB,piel,part,3,m,sg
  • רגלי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • כאילות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • במתי: PREP
  • יעמידני: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg,obj1s

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:34 (quotation): Virtually identical wording — Psalm 18 and 2 Samuel 22 are parallel compositions; both say God makes the psalmist’s feet like a deer’s and sets him on high places.
  • Habakkuk 3:19 (verbal): Uses the same deer-foot / high-place imagery (“He makes my feet like the deer’s; he makes me walk on high places”), echoing the Psalm’s language and theme of God‑enabled agility and security.
  • Psalm 40:2 (thematic): Speaks of God lifting the psalmist out of a pit and setting his feet upon a rock so his steps are secure — similar motif of divine deliverance providing sure footing.
  • Psalm 27:5 (thematic): Describes God protecting and setting the psalmist ‘upon a rock’/‘on high,’ a related image of divine shelter and being placed in a secure, elevated position.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He trains my hands for war, that my arms may bend a bow of bronze.
  • He makes my feet like the feet of a deer and sets me upon the heights.
35 He trains my hands for war, so that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.

Psa.18.35 - Details

Original Text

מלמד ידי למלחמה ונחתה קשת־ נחושה זרועתי׃

Morphology

  • מלמד: VERB,qal,ptcp,ms
  • ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ונחתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • קשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • נחושה: ADJ,f,sg
  • זרועתי: NOUN,f,sg,suff

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:35 (quotation): Psalm 18 is largely duplicated in 2 Samuel 22; this verse appears almost verbatim there (the same line about God training the hand for war and a bronze bow).
  • Psalm 144:1 (verbal): Uses the same language of God teaching/training the psalmist's hand for war (‘who trains my hands for battle’), a close verbal and thematic echo of Ps 18:35.
  • Isaiah 42:13 (thematic): Depicts Yahweh as a divine warrior who musters strength and arms for battle—paralleling the motif of God enabling/arming the faithful for combat in Ps 18:35.
  • Exodus 15:3 (thematic): ‘The LORD is a man of war’ presents the same divine-warrior backdrop: God as the source of martial success and strength, which underlies the claim that he trains the psalmist for war.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You have given me the shield of your salvation; your right hand upholds me; your gentleness makes me great.
  • He trains my hands for war, so that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.
36 You have given me the shield of your salvation; your right hand supports me, and your gentleness has made me great.

Psa.18.36 - Details

Original Text

ותתן־ לי מגן ישעך וימינך תסעדני וענותך תרבני׃

Morphology

  • ותתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • מגן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישעך: NOUN,f,sg,pr-2ms
  • וימינך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:2,ms
  • תסעדני: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms,obj:1,sg
  • וענותך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,ms
  • תרבני: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms,obj:1,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:36 (quotation): Near-verbatim parallel: 2 Samuel 22 is the earlier song corresponding to Psalm 18; v.36 mirrors Ps 18:36’s language about God giving a shield of salvation and upholding the right hand.
  • Isaiah 41:10 (verbal): Shares the motif and phrasing of God's sustaining right hand — 'I will uphold you... with my righteous right hand' echoes 'your right hand upholds me' (psalmic language of divine support).
  • Psalm 144:2 (verbal): Combines the imagery of God as shield and savior: 'my rock... my shield, and the horn of my salvation' parallels Ps 18:36’s 'shield of your salvation' language.
  • Habakkuk 3:19 (thematic): Speaks of God strengthening feet and making the believer tread on heights — thematically parallels Ps 18:36’s claim that God 'enlarged my steps' and prevented slipping.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You enlarge my steps under me, and my feet have not slipped.
  • You have given me the shield of your salvation; your right hand has upheld me, and your gentleness has made me great.
37 You enlarged my steps under me; my feet did not slip.

Psa.18.37 - Details

Original Text

תרחיב צעדי תחתי ולא מעדו קרסלי׃

Morphology

  • תרחיב: VERB,hifil,impf,2,m,sg
  • צעדי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • תחתי: PREP+PRON,1,c,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • מעדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • קרסלי: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:37 (quotation): The line appears almost verbatim in David’s song in 2 Samuel 22 (the close parallel to Psalm 18): God enlarges the psalmist’s steps and his feet do not slip.
  • Prov.4:12 (verbal): Uses similar wording and imagery about footsteps not being hindered or stumbling—’your steps will not be hampered… you will not stumble’.
  • Ps.37:23 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD establishing a person’s steps so that though he may fall he is not utterly cast down—similar theme of God securing one’s footing.
  • Ps.121:3–4 (thematic): Emphasizes God’s protection so that ‘your foot will not be moved,’ echoing the motif of divine preservation of one’s steps.
  • Hab.3:19 (thematic): God gives sure-footedness—‘He makes my feet like the feet of a deer’—a related image of God enabling secure, unhindered movement.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I have pursued my enemies and overtaken them; I have not turned again till they were consumed.
  • You enlarged my steps under me; my feet did not slip.
38 I pursued my enemies and overtook them; I did not turn back until they were consumed.

Psa.18.38 - Details

Original Text

ארדוף אויבי ואשיגם ולא־ אשוב עד־ כלותם׃

Morphology

  • ארדוף: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
  • אויבי: NOUN,m,pl,suff1
  • ואשיגם: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אשוב: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • כלותם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON:3,m,pl

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:38 (quotation): Virtually identical wording — 2 Samuel 22 is a parallel/alternate form of Psalm 18; both speak of pursuing and overtaking enemies until they are finished.
  • Exod.15:9 (verbal): Song of Moses uses the same verbs ('I will pursue, I will overtake') describing pursuit and destruction of foes, creating a close verbal parallel.
  • Ps.35:1-8 (thematic): A petition for the LORD to fight against and overthrow the psalmist's adversaries; shares the motif of pursuit, divine help, and the enemies' downfall.
  • Ps.21:8 (thematic): Speaks of God’s hand finding and dealing with enemies — a related royal/warrior motif of pursuing and subduing foes on behalf of the king.
  • Isa.63:3-6 (allusion): God pictured as treading down and pursuing nations in vengeance; echoes the uncompromising pursuit and destruction of enemies found in Psalm 18:38.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I have wounded them, that they could not rise; they have fallen under my feet.
  • I pursued my enemies and overtook them; I did not turn back until they were consumed.
39 I crushed them so that they could not arise; they fell beneath my feet.

Psa.18.39 - Details

Original Text

אמחצם ולא־ יכלו קום יפלו תחת רגלי׃

Morphology

  • אמחצם: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • קום: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • יפלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • תחת: PREP
  • רגלי: NOUN,f,pl,cons

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:39 (quotation): Almost verbatim parallel — 2 Samuel 22 is a near-identical version of Psalm 18; both speak of subduing foes so they cannot rise and falling under the psalmist’s feet.
  • Psalm 44:5 (verbal): Uses the same martial image of pushing down/treading down foes through God’s help (’we push down our foes… we tread down those who rise up against us’).
  • Psalm 110:1 (thematic): Shares the motif of enemies made subject to the king’s feet (enemies become a footstool), a common biblical image of divine/royal victory and subjugation.
  • Romans 16:20 (verbal): New Testament echo of the OT combat image: ’the God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet,’ using the same language of crushing/subduing enemies underfoot.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For you have girded me with strength for the battle; you have subdued under me those who rose up against me.
  • I struck them down, and they could not rise; they fell beneath my feet.
40 You girded me with might for battle; you made those who rose against me bow under me.

Psa.18.40 - Details

Original Text

ותאזרני חיל למלחמה תכריע קמי תחתי׃

Morphology

  • ותאזרני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • תכריע: VERB,hiph,impf,2,m,sg
  • קמי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • תחתי: PREP+PRON,1,c,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:40 (quotation): Nearly identical wording—2 Samuel 22 is a parallel/earlier form of Psalm 18 and likewise credits God with girding the speaker for battle and subduing his foes.
  • Psalm 144:1 (verbal): ‘Who trains my hands for war, and my fingers for battle’—a closely related motif of God equipping the psalmist for combat.
  • Psalm 44:5 (verbal): ‘Through you we push down our foes; through your name we trample those who rise up against us’—attribution of victory over opponents to God's enabling, similar to Ps 18:40.
  • Habakkuk 3:19 (thematic): ‘The LORD God is my strength…he makes my feet like the deer's’—theological theme of God as the source of strength that enables the speaker to prevail over adversaries.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You have made my enemies turn their backs to me, and those who hated me I destroyed.
  • You girded me with strength for battle; you subdued those who rose up against me.
41 You gave me the necks of my foes; I destroyed those who hated me.

Psa.18.41 - Details

Original Text

ואיבי נתתה לי ערף ומשנאי אצמיתם׃

Morphology

  • ואיבי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss1
  • נתתה: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ערף: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ומשנאי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss1
  • אצמיתם: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:41 (verbal): Nearly identical wording—2 Samuel 22 is a parallel rendering of Psalm 18; both state God caused enemies to turn back and the psalmist destroyed those who hated him.
  • Deuteronomy 32:41 (thematic): God declares he will take vengeance and repay those who hate him—echoing the theme of God delivering the psalmist and dealing with his foes.
  • Psalm 21:8-9 (thematic): Speaks of God finding out and defeating the king's enemies and making them like a consuming furnace—similar motif of divine action against those who hate the king/psalmist.
  • Psalm 108:13 (thematic): Affirms that by God's help the people will prevail and God will tread down their foes—parallel theme of God granting victory over enemies.
  • Isaiah 63:3-6 (thematic): Imagery of divine vengeance and trampling enemies in anger parallels the psalm's portrayal of God executing and overturning those who hate the speaker.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They cried, but there was none to save; even to the LORD, but he answered them not.
  • You made my enemies turn their backs to me, and those who hated me I destroyed.
42 They cried for help but there was no savior; even to the LORD they cried, and he did not answer.

Psa.18.42 - Details

Original Text

ישועו ואין־ מושיע על־ יהוה ולא ענם׃

Morphology

  • ישועו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • מושיע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • ענם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:41 (verbal): Nearly identical passage—2 Samuel 22 is a close parallel/earlier form of Psalm 18; the line about foes crying with no savior corresponds directly.
  • Isa.59:16 (thematic): Speaks of the absence of an intercessor or savior among people, prompting God’s own intervention—echoes the theme of ‘no one to save/answer.’
  • Ps.3:2-3 (thematic): Describes others saying there is no help for the psalmist in God, contrasted with the Lord as deliverer—relates to the motif of ‘no savior/helper.’
  • Ps.118:5 (thematic): Records the opposite response—crying to the LORD and receiving an answer—useful as a contrasting parallel illustrating the consequence when God does hear versus when none saves.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then I beat them small as the dust before the wind; I cast them out like the mire of the streets.
  • They cried, but there was none to save; even to the LORD there was no answer for them.
43 I made them like dust before the wind; I cast them out like the mire of the streets.

Psa.18.43 - Details

Original Text

ואשחקם כעפר על־ פני־ רוח כטיט חוצות אריקם׃

Morphology

  • ואשחקם: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • כעפר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כטיט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חוצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אריקם: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:42 (quotation): Nearly identical verse in David's song in 2 Samuel (parallel to Psalm 18), same imagery and wording—enemies made like dust before the wind and mire of the streets.
  • Ps.1:4 (thematic): Wicked persons compared to chaff driven away by the wind—similar theme of the enemies' utter dispersion and worthlessness.
  • Isa.17:13 (verbal): Nations are likened to chaff on the summer threshing‑floor carried away by a wind—uses the same chaff/wind image of swift destruction and scattering.
  • Isa.41:15–16 (allusion): God's foes are reduced to chaff and scattered by wind/storm after threshing—parallel imagery of crushing and blowing away the enemy like refuse.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You delivered me from the strivings of the people; you made me the head of the nations; a people I had not known served me.
  • I made them like dust before the wind; I trampled them like the mire of the streets.
44 You delivered me from my strugglers; you set me as head of nations—peoples I did not know serve me.

Psa.18.44 - Details

Original Text

תפלטני מריבי עם תשימני לראש גוים עם לא־ ידעתי יעבדוני׃

Morphology

  • תפלטני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • מריבי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • תשימני: VERB,qal,impf,2,NA,sg
  • לראש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • יעבדוני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:44 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel: 2 Samuel 22 (David's song) repeats Psalm 18's language about being delivered, exalted above nations, and unknown peoples serving him.
  • Ps.72:11 (thematic): Royal/mesianic prayer that all kings will bow and all nations will serve the king—echoes the motif of Gentile peoples serving the Davidic ruler.
  • Isa.60:3 (thematic): Prophetic image of nations coming to the light and kings drawn to Israel; parallels the idea of foreign peoples being brought to serve God's anointed.
  • Rev.5:9-10 (thematic): New Testament fulfillment motif: peoples from every tribe and nation redeemed and constituted a kingdom/priests, reflecting the psalm's theme of nations serving God's king.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Foreigners came cringing to me; as soon as they heard they obeyed me.
  • You delivered me from the strivings of the peoples; you made me the head of nations—a people I had not known shall serve me.
45 Those who hear obey me; the children of the foreigner bow down to me.

Psa.18.45 - Details

Original Text

לשמע אזן ישמעו לי בני־ נכר יכחשו־ לי׃

Morphology

  • לשמע: INF,qal,infc
  • אזן: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
  • ישמעו: VERB,qal,imf,3,mp
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • נכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יכחשו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Sam.22:44 (quotation): 2 Samuel 22 is a near-verbatim parallel to Psalm 18 (David’s song); this verse corresponds closely in wording and sense about foreign peoples and their reaction to the king/Lord.
  • Acts 28:28 (verbal): Paul’s statement that 'the salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles, and they will listen' echoes the idea and language of foreign nations hearing/responding.
  • Isa.49:6 (thematic): The servant’s mission 'to be a light to the nations' and bring God’s word to the Gentiles parallels the theme that foreigners will hear and be reached.
  • Ps.22:27 (thematic): Psalm 22 declares that 'all the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to the LORD'—a related theme of the nations hearing and responding to God.
  • Ps.72:11 (thematic): Psalm 72 envisions kings and nations bowing and serving the king/Lord, paralleling the motif of foreigners coming to hear and submit.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Foreigners lost heart and came trembling out of their strongholds.
  • Foreigners shall submit to me; as soon as they hear, they shall obey me.
46 Foreigners wilt away and come trembling from their strongholds.

Psa.18.46 - Details

Original Text

בני־ נכר יבלו ויחרגו ממסגרותיהם׃

Morphology

  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • נכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יבלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויחרגו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ממסגרותיהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 9:6 (thematic): Speaks of God rebuking the nations and making the wicked perish—parallel theme of foreign foes being destroyed and removed.
  • Psalm 37:20 (thematic): Describes the wicked perishing and vanishing like smoke; echoes the motif of enemies being cut off and ceasing to dwell.
  • Psalm 83:5–8 (thematic): A consortium of foreign nations plotted against Israel with the implied desire that they be cut off—parallels the fate of hostile foreigners being brought to ruin.
  • Isaiah 13:20 (thematic): Predicts that no foreigners or nomads will inhabit the ruined city—similar imagery of strangers/foreigners being excluded from or removed from their dwellings.
  • Deuteronomy 32:43 (thematic): Calls for the nations to rejoice over God’s vengeance on his enemies; resonates with the theme of foreign peoples being judged and destroyed.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The LORD lives! Blessed be my rock, and exalted be the God of my salvation.
  • Foreigners shall fade away and come trembling from their strongholds.
47 The LORD lives—blessed be my rock; exalted be God, the rock of my salvation.

Psa.18.47 - Details

Original Text

חי־ יהוה וברוך צורי וירום אלוהי ישעי׃

Morphology

  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • וברוך: CONJ+ADJ,ptc,pass,NA,m,sg,abs
  • צורי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • וירום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אלוהי: NOUN,m,sg,suff1cs
  • ישעי: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:47 (quotation): Almost verbatim parallel — Psalm 18 is repeated in 2 Samuel 22; the declaration 'The LORD lives; blessed be my rock' occurs there as the same triumphant refrain.
  • Psalm 144:1 (verbal): Contains the exact phrase 'Blessed be the LORD, my rock' (בָּרוּךְ יְהוָה צוּרִי), echoing the wording and epithet 'my rock' found in Ps 18:47.
  • Psalm 62:2 (thematic): Both verses celebrate God as 'my rock' and refuge; Ps 62:2 emphasizes God as rock and salvation, resonating with the paired titles 'צורי' (my rock) and 'אלוהי ישעי' (my God, my salvation) in Ps 18:47.
  • Psalm 27:1 (thematic): Declares the LORD as personal deliverer ('The LORD is my light and my salvation'), paralleling the theme of God as the psalmist's salvation found in Ps 18:47 ('my God, my salvation').

Alternative generated candidates

  • The God who gives me vengeance and brings peoples under me—
  • The LORD lives! Blessed be my rock; and exalted be God, the rock of my salvation.
48 It is God who gives me vengeance and subdues peoples under me.

Psa.18.48 - Details

Original Text

האל הנותן נקמות לי וידבר עמים תחתי׃

Morphology

  • האל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הנותן: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg
  • נקמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
  • תחתי: PREP+PRON,1,c,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:48 (quotation): Nearly identical verse in David's victory-song (2 Sam 22 is the source-parallel to Psalm 18): God gives David vengeance and puts peoples under him.
  • Psalm 18:44 (structural): Earlier line in the same psalm expressing the same theme—foreigners submit and nations bow, anticipating the declaration that God gives victory over peoples.
  • Exodus 15:6 (thematic): In the Song of Moses God’s mighty hand defeats enemies and casts down nations—parallel theme of divine deliverance and subduing of peoples.
  • Psalm 110:2 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD extending the ruler’s scepter and ruling among enemies—related theme of God establishing dominion and subduing nations under his anointed.
  • Deuteronomy 32:35 (verbal): ‘Vengeance is mine, and recompense’—shares the verbal idea of God as the one who repays or gives vengeance on behalf of his servant.

Alternative generated candidates

  • who brings me out from my enemies; you exalted me above those who rose against me; you rescued me from the violent man.
  • It is God who avenges me and brings peoples under me,
49 He rescued me from my enemies; you exalted me above those who rose against me; you delivered me from the man of violence.

Psa.18.49 - Details

Original Text

מפלטי מאיבי אף מן־ קמי תרוממני מאיש חמס תצילני׃

Morphology

  • מפלטי: NOUN,m,sg,suf
  • מאיבי: NOUN,m,pl,abs,1s
  • אף: ADV
  • מן: PREP
  • קמי: NOUN,m,sg,suf
  • תרוממני: VERB,piel,impf,2,m,sg
  • מאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חמס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תצילני: VERB,hiphil,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:49 (quotation): Psalm 18 is largely repeated in 2 Samuel 22; this verse has a near-identical counterpart expressing rescue from enemies and salvation from violent men.
  • Psalm 59:1 (verbal): An immediate cry for deliverance—'Deliver me from my enemies'—matching the petition and vocabulary of rescue found in Ps. 18:49.
  • Psalm 140:1 (verbal): Direct plea: 'Deliver me, O LORD, from evil men; preserve me from violent men,' echoing the theme and language of rescue from violent foes in Ps. 18:49.
  • Psalm 71:4 (thematic): Seeks salvation from the hand of the wicked/violent and appeals to God as refuge—the same theological motif of divine rescue found in Ps. 18:49.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore I will give thanks to you, O LORD, among the nations, and sing praises to your name.
  • who delivers me from my enemies; you lift me up above those who rise against me; you rescue me from the man of violence.
50 Therefore I will praise you among the nations, O LORD, and to your name I will sing praise.

Psa.18.50 - Details

Original Text

על־ כן ׀ אודך בגוים ׀ יהוה ולשמך אזמרה׃

Morphology

  • על: PREP
  • כן: ADV
  • אודך: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ולשמך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,2ms
  • אזמרה: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 22:50 (quotation): Almost word-for-word parallel — David repeats the same declaration of thanksgiving and singing to God’s name (Psalm 18 is largely duplicated in 2 Samuel 22).
  • Psalm 7:17 (verbal): Similar wording and intent: a vow to give thanks to the LORD and to sing praise to the name of the Most High, echoing the personal thanksgiving motif.
  • Psalm 117:1-2 (thematic): A universal summons for the nations/peoples to praise the LORD — aligns with Psalm 18’s declaration of praising God among the nations.
  • Isaiah 12:4 (thematic): Calls for giving thanks and proclaiming the LORD’s name/deeds among the peoples, paralleling the theme of public thanksgiving and praise to God’s name.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Great deliverance he gives to his king, and shows steadfast love to his anointed, to David and to his offspring forever.
  • Therefore I will give you thanks among the nations, O LORD, and to your name I will sing praises.

To the chief musician. A song of David, the servant of the LORD, who spoke to the LORD the words of this song on the day that the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul.

I will love you, O LORD; you are my strength.

The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer; my God is my rock—in him I take refuge—my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.

I call upon the LORD, who is praiseworthy; from my enemies I shall be saved.

Cords of death surrounded me; torrents of destruction overwhelmed me.

The snares of Sheol hemmed me in; the traps of death were before me.

In my distress I cried to the LORD; to my God I cried for help. From his temple he heard my voice; my cry entered his ears.

Then the earth quaked and trembled; the foundations of the mountains shook and were agitated, for he burned with anger.

Smoke rose from his nostrils, and fire from his mouth consumed; coals were kindled by it.

He bowed the heavens and came down; thick clouds were under his feet.

He rode upon a cherub and flew; he sped upon the wings of the wind.

Darkness was his covering round about him; thick waters and dense clouds were his canopy.

At the brightness that was before him his thick clouds passed; hailstones and coals of fire.

The LORD thundered in the heavens; the Most High uttered his voice—hailstones and coals of fire.

He sent out his arrows and scattered them; lightning flashes routed them.

The channels of the sea were seen; the foundations of the world were laid bare at your rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the breath of your nostrils.

He reached down from on high and took me; he drew me out of many waters.

He rescued me from my strong enemy and from those who hated me, for they were too mighty for me.

He brought me out into a broad place; the LORD was my support.

He rescued me because he delighted in me.

The LORD repaid me according to my righteousness; according to the purity of my hands he recompensed me.

For I have kept the ways of the LORD and have not wickedly turned from my God.

All his rules were before me, and his statutes I did not put away from me.

I was blameless before him, and I kept myself from guilt. And the LORD has rewarded me according to my righteousness, according to my cleanness in his sight.

With the merciful you show yourself merciful; with the blameless you show yourself blameless.

With the crooked you show yourself shrewd; with the perverse you deal craftily.

For you save the humble, but the haughty you bring low.

For you light up my lamp; the LORD my God illumines my darkness.

With you I can advance against a troop; with my God I can leap over a wall.

As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is refined. He is a shield to all who take refuge in him.

For who is God besides the LORD? And who is a rock except our God?

It is God who girds me with strength and makes my way blameless.

He makes my feet like the feet of a deer and places me secure on the heights.

He trains my hands for war, so that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.

You have given me the shield of your salvation; your right hand supports me, and your gentleness has made me great.

You enlarged my steps under me; my feet did not slip.

I pursued my enemies and overtook them; I did not turn back until they were consumed.

I crushed them so that they could not arise; they fell beneath my feet.

You girded me with might for battle; you made those who rose against me bow under me.

You gave me the necks of my foes; I destroyed those who hated me.

They cried for help but there was no savior; even to the LORD they cried, and he did not answer.

I made them like dust before the wind; I cast them out like the mire of the streets.

You delivered me from my strugglers; you set me as head of nations—peoples I did not know serve me.

Those who hear obey me; the children of the foreigner bow down to me.

Foreigners wilt away and come trembling from their strongholds.

The LORD lives—blessed be my rock; exalted be God, the rock of my salvation.

It is God who gives me vengeance and subdues peoples under me.

He rescued me from my enemies; you exalted me above those who rose against me; you delivered me from the man of violence.

Therefore I will praise you among the nations, O LORD, and to your name I will sing praise.