The Genealogy of Jesus
Matthew 1:1-17
Matt.1.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Βιβλος: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- γενεσεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- υιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Δαυιδ: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- υιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Αβρααμ: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Luke 3:23–38 (structural): A parallel genealogy of Jesus tracing his descent (in Luke back to Adam), corresponding to Matthew’s opening genealogical formula that identifies Jesus as son of David and son of Abraham.
- 2 Samuel 7:12–16 (allusion): The Davidic covenant promises an enduring offspring/house for David—background for Matthew’s messianic title “son of David.”
- Genesis 22:18 (allusion): The Abrahamic promise that through Abraham’s offspring all nations will be blessed provides the theological basis for identifying Jesus as ‘son of Abraham.’
- Jeremiah 23:5–6 (thematic): A prophetic promise of a righteous ‘Branch’ raised for David who will reign wisely—echoed by Matthew’s emphasis on Jesus as David’s descendant and fulfillment of messianic hopes.
Alternative generated candidates
- The record of the genealogy of Jesus the Messiah, the son of David, the son of Abraham.
- The record of the genealogy of Jesus the Messiah—son of David, son of Abraham.
Matt.1.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ισαακ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ισαακ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιακωβ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ιακωβ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιουδαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- αδελφους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Genesis 21:3 (verbal): States the birth of Isaac to Abraham, paralleling Matthew's opening formula 'Abraham begot Isaac.'
- Genesis 25:26 (verbal): Records the birth of Jacob to Isaac, corresponding to Matthew's 'Isaac begot Jacob.'
- Genesis 29:35 (verbal): Records the birth of Judah to Leah ('And she called his name Judah'), directly paralleling Matthew's 'Jacob begot Judah.'
- Luke 3:34-38 (structural): Luke provides a parallel genealogy running (in reverse order) through many of the same ancestors, linking Jesus back to Abraham.
- Ruth 4:18-22 (thematic): Lists the lineage from Perez (Judah's son) to David, echoing the continuation of Judah's line that Matthew emphasizes in Jesus' ancestry.
Alternative generated candidates
- Abraham the father of Isaac, and Isaac the father of Jacob, and Jacob the father of Judah and his brothers.
- Abraham begot Isaac; Isaac begot Jacob; Jacob begot Judah and his brothers;
Matt.1.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ιουδας: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Φαρες: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ζαρα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- Θαμαρ: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Φαρες: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Εσρωμ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Εσρωμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Αραμ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Genesis 38:1-30 (allusion): Narrative account of Judah and Tamar; Tamar's story explains the birth of Perez and Zerah, providing the narrative background Matthew presupposes.
- Ruth 4:18-22 (structural): Genealogical sequence from Perez through Hezron and Ram to David—parallels Matthew's lineage by repeating the same succession of names.
- 1 Chronicles 2:4-5 (verbal): Chronicles lists Judah's offspring and explicitly names Tamar and the twins Perez and Zerah, closely matching Matthew's wording and family note.
- Luke 3:33 (verbal): Luke's genealogy also contains the sequence 'Perez, Hezron, Ram' in the Davidic line, providing a parallel New Testament listing of the same ancestors.
Alternative generated candidates
- Judah the father of Perez and Zerah by Tamar; Perez the father of Hezron; Hezron the father of Ram.
- Judah begot Perez and Zerah by Tamar; Perez begot Hezron; Hezron begot Ram;
Matt.1.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Αραμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Αμιναδαβ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Αμιναδαβ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ναασσων: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ναασσων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Σαλμων: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Ruth 4:18-22 (verbal): Contains the same Judahite lineage (Hezron → Ram/Aram → Amminadab → Nahshon → Salmon → Boaz → Obed → Jesse → David), matching Matthew’s names verbatim in the genealogy.
- 1 Chronicles 2:10-12 (verbal): Chronicles genealogy lists Ram (Aram), Amminadab, Nahshon and Salmon in the same sequence, paralleling Matthew’s ancestral list.
- Numbers 1:7 (cf. Numbers 2:3; 7:12) (allusion): Names Nahshon son of Amminadab as the leader (prince) of the tribe of Judah—echoes Matthew’s mention of Nahshon in the genealogical line.
- Matthew 1:5 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same Matthean genealogy: Salmon is here named as the father of Boaz (the next generation), directly following Matthew 1:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ram the father of Amminadab; Amminadab the father of Nahshon; Nahshon the father of Salmon.
- Ram begot Amminadab; Amminadab begot Nahshon; Nahshon begot Salmon;
Matt.1.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Σαλμων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Βοες: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- Ραχαβ: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Βοες: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιωβηδ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- Ρουθ: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Ιωβηδ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιεσσαι: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Ruth 4:13-22 (verbal): Gives the same genealogy: Boaz fathers Obed, Obed fathers Jesse, leading to David; closely parallels the names and sequence cited in Matthew's genealogy.
- 1 Chronicles 2:11-12 (verbal): An Old Testament genealogy that lists Salmon → Boaz → Obed → Jesse, echoing the ancestral line Matthew records.
- Joshua 2:1; 6:25 (allusion): The story of Rahab (harboring the spies in Joshua 2 and being spared in Joshua 6:25) provides the background for Matthew's identification of Rahab as the mother of Boaz's ancestor Salmon.
- Hebrews 11:31 (thematic): Cites Rahab's faith and salvation as exemplary faith; thematically connects to Matthew's inclusion of Rahab in Jesus' ancestry as a notable figure of faith.
- James 2:25 (thematic): Refers to Rahab's righteous action in receiving the spies, emphasizing her role and faithfulness—supports Matthew's unusual inclusion of Rahab among Jesus' forebears.
Alternative generated candidates
- Salmon the father of Boaz by Rahab; Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth; Obed the father of Jesse.
- Salmon begot Boaz by Rahab; Boaz begot Obed by Ruth; Obed begot Jesse;
Matt.1.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ιεσσαι: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Δαυιδ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- βασιλεα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Δαυιδ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Σολομωνα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,m
- Ουριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 11:3 (verbal): Identifies Bathsheba as the wife of Uriah the Hittite—the background detail Matthew summarizes as 'her that had been the wife of Uriah.'
- 2 Samuel 12:24 (quotation): Narrates David and Bathsheba's subsequent child, Solomon; directly parallels Matthew's naming of Solomon as David's son and connects to the Bathsheba/Uriah episode.
- 1 Chronicles 3:5 (structural): Chronicles' genealogy lists Solomon among David's sons (and associates him with Bathsheba/Uriah's household), providing a parallel genealogical tradition to Matthew's entry.
- Luke 3:23-31 (structural): The Lukan genealogy also traces Jesus' descent through David and Jesse but via a different branch (Nathan rather than Solomon), offering a parallel/complementary genealogical framework.
- Isaiah 11:1 (allusion): Messianic prophecy about a shoot from the stump of Jesse; Matthew's mention of Jesse → David highlights the fulfillment motif linking Jesus to the Jesse/David line.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesse the father of King David. David was the father of Solomon by the woman who had been the wife of Uriah.
- Jesse begot David the king. David the king begot Solomon by her who had been the wife of Uriah;
Matt.1.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Σολομων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ροβοαμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- Ροβοαμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Αβια: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- Αβια: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ασαφ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 3:10-11 (verbal): Gives the same succession of names (Solomon → Rehoboam → Abijah → Asa), a direct genealogical parallel to Matthew's listing.
- 1 Kings 11:43 (structural): Records the end of Solomon's reign and the succession of his son Rehoboam, paralleling Matthew's mention of Solomon begot Rehoboam.
- 1 Kings 15:1-8 (thematic): Narrates the reigns of Abijam/Abijah and the succession of his son Asa, connecting Matthew's genealogical names to their royal history and characterization.
- 2 Chronicles 14:1-2 (thematic): Describes Asa's reign in Judah (Asa son of Abijah), providing historical detail about the descendant Matthew lists and linking the genealogy to Asa's reforms and actions as king.
Alternative generated candidates
- Solomon the father of Rehoboam; Rehoboam the father of Abijah; Abijah the father of Asa.
- Solomon begot Rehoboam; Rehoboam begot Abijah; Abijah begot Asa;
Matt.1.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ασαφ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιωσαφατ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ιωσαφατ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιωραμ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ιωραμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Οζιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- 1 Kings 15:8 (verbal): Mentions Asa (Ασαφ) and his death/reign—parallels Matthew’s listing of Asa in the royal succession of Judah.
- 1 Kings 22:41 (verbal): States that Jehoshaphat (Ιωσαφατ) was the son of Asa and began to reign—echoes Matthew’s genealogical sequence linking Asa to Jehoshaphat.
- 2 Chronicles 21:1 (verbal): Identifies Joram/Jehoram (Ιωραμ) as the son of Jehoshaphat and his succession to the throne, matching Matthew’s order of names.
- 2 Chronicles 26:1 (verbal): Portrays Uzziah/Azariah (Οζιαν) as a succeeding king in the Davidic line—parallels Matthew’s inclusion of Uzziah in the genealogy of Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- Asa the father of Jehoshaphat; Jehoshaphat the father of Joram; Joram the father of Uzziah.
- Asa begot Jehoshaphat; Jehoshaphat begot Joram; Joram begot Uzziah;
Matt.1.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Οζιας: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιωαθαμ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ιωαθαμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Αχαζ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Αχαζ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Εζεκιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- 2 Kings 15:32 (verbal): Explicitly identifies Jotham as the son of Uzziah (Azariah), paralleling Matthew’s naming of Uzziah → Jotham.
- 2 Kings 16:1 (verbal): States that Ahaz was the son of Jotham, matching Matthew’s sequence Jotham → Ahaz.
- 2 Kings 18:1 (verbal): Records that Hezekiah was the son of Ahaz, corresponding to Matthew’s listing Ahaz → Hezekiah.
- 2 Chronicles 27:1–29:1 (structural): Chronicles presents the consecutive reigns of Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah (with background on each), providing the same father–son succession as Matthew’s genealogy.
- 1 Chronicles 3:11–12 (verbal): Davidic genealogical listing that includes Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah in succession, directly paralleling the names in Matthew’s lineage.
Alternative generated candidates
- Uzziah the father of Jotham; Jotham the father of Ahaz; Ahaz the father of Hezekiah.
- Uzziah begot Jotham; Jotham begot Ahaz; Ahaz begot Hezekiah;
Matt.1.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Εζεκιας: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Μανασση: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Μανασσης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Αμως: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Αμως: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιωσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 1:11 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same Matthean genealogy (Josiah → Jeconiah), showing the genealogy's sequence around Matthew 1:10.
- 2 Kings 20:21 (verbal): Explicit Old Testament statement that Hezekiah was the father of Manasseh, paralleling Matthew's naming of Hezekiah → Manasseh.
- 2 Kings 21:18 (verbal): States that Amon was the father of Josiah, corresponding to Matthew's sequence Manasseh → Amon → Josiah.
- 2 Chronicles 33:20 (verbal): Reports that Manasseh died and Amon his son reigned in his place, corroborating the Manasseh → Amon link in Matthew's genealogy.
- Luke 3:23-31 (thematic): Luke offers an alternate genealogy of Jesus that serves the same literary/theological function as Matthew's list; both trace Jesus' Davidic ancestry though through different lines and names.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hezekiah the father of Manasseh; Manasseh the father of Amon; Amon the father of Josiah.
- Hezekiah begot Manasseh; Manasseh begot Amon; Amon begot Josiah;
Matt.1.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ιωσιας: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιεχονιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- αδελφους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- μετοικεσιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Βαβυλωνος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 3:15-17 (verbal): Genealogical listing that links Josiah to Jehoiachin (Jeconiah) and his descendants—parallels Matthew’s naming of Josiah and Jeconiah in the genealogy.
- 2 Kings 24:8-17 (thematic): Narrative account of Jehoiachin (Jeconiah)’s short reign and the Babylonian deportation—provides the historical event Matthew alludes to (“at the time of the exile to Babylon”).
- 2 Chronicles 36:9-10 (thematic): Condensed report of Jehoiachin’s reign and the deportation to Babylon, echoing Matthew’s reference to the exile associated with Jeconiah.
- Jeremiah 22:24-30 (allusion): Prophetic oracle addressing Coniah/Jehoiachin (Coniah), pronouncing judgment on his line—relevant to Matthew’s inclusion of Jeconiah and the theological implications of his place in the genealogy.
Alternative generated candidates
- Josiah the father of Jeconiah and his brothers, at the time of the exile to Babylon.
- Josiah begot Jeconiah and his brothers at the time of the exile to Babylon.
Matt.1.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Μετα: PREP
- δε: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- μετοικεσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- Βαβυλωνος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Ιεχονιας: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Σαλαθιηλ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Σαλαθιηλ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ζοροβαβελ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 3:17-19 (verbal): Direct Old Testament genealogy listing Jeconiah (Jehoiachin) as father of Shealtiel and Shealtiel as father of Zerubbabel — the primary source for Matthew’s wording.
- Ezra 3:2 (verbal): Refers to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel among those who returned from the exile and took part in rebuilding the altar/temple — echoes Matthew’s post-exilic placement.
- Haggai 2:23 (verbal): God addresses Zerubbabel as ‘son of Shealtiel’ and promises restoration — explicitly names the same father-son pair found in Matthew’s genealogy.
- Zechariah 4:6-10 (thematic): Speaks of Zerubbabel’s role in temple restoration and God’s empowering ‘not by might but by my Spirit,’ thematically linked to Matthew’s identification of Zerubbabel after the exile.
- Jeremiah 22:24-30 (thematic): Prophecy concerning Jehoiachin/Jeconiah and the consequences for his line (the ‘cursed’ throne), a background text often read against Matthew’s inclusion of Jeconiah in the Messiah’s lineage.
Alternative generated candidates
- And after the exile to Babylon: Jeconiah the father of Shealtiel; Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel.
- After the exile to Babylon: Jeconiah begot Shealtiel; Shealtiel begot Zerubbabel;
Matt.1.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ζοροβαβελ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Αβιουδ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Αβιουδ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ελιακιμ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ελιακιμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Αζωρ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 1:12 (structural): Immediate predecessor in Matthew's genealogy; introduces Zerubbabel (Shealtiel begot Zerubbabel), linking the exile sequence to v.13's descendants.
- Matthew 1:14 (structural): Immediate successor in the same genealogical sequence (continues the list after Azor), forming the contiguous lineage in Matthew 1:12–16.
- Luke 3:27 (allusion): Luke's parallel genealogy also includes Zerubbabel, showing a different post-exilic line tracing back to David; highlights agreement on Zerubbabel but divergence in subsequent names.
- 1 Chronicles 3:17-19 (verbal): Old Testament genealogy naming Shealtiel and Zerubbabel and their descendants; provides the Jewish genealogical background for Zerubbabel referenced in Matthew.
- Zechariah 4:6-10 (thematic): Prophetic passage about Zerubbabel as the Lord's chosen leader to rebuild the temple; thematically connects the significance of Zerubbabel in the post-exilic period to Matthew's genealogy.
Alternative generated candidates
- Zerubbabel the father of Abiud; Abiud the father of Eliakim; Eliakim the father of Azor.
- Zerubbabel begot Abiud; Abiud begot Eliakim; Eliakim begot Azor;
Matt.1.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Αζωρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Σαδωκ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Σαδωκ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Αχιμ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Αχιμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ελιουδ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Matt.1:13 (structural): Immediate preceding segment in Matthew's genealogy (continues the Davidic line leading into vv.14–16).
- Matt.1:15 (structural): Immediate following verse in the same genealogical list (continuation and close parallel phrasing: 'X begot Y').
- Luke 3:23-38 (structural): Luke provides a parallel genealogy of Jesus; though many names differ, both accounts use the same genealogical framework tracing Jesus' ancestry (use of "son of/begot" formula).
- Genesis 5:1-32 (verbal): Early Genesis genealogies employ the same repeated 'begot/was the father of' formula and structure, a literary precedent for Matthew's genealogical wording and patterning.
- 1 Chronicles 3:10-24 (thematic): Chronicles preserves the Davidic royal lineage and post-exilic descendants; thematically parallels Matthew's emphasis on Jesus' place within the Davidic succession.
Alternative generated candidates
- Azor the father of Zadok; Zadok the father of Achim; Achim the father of Eliud.
- Azor begot Zadok; Zadok begot Achim; Achim begot Eliud;
Matt.1.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ελιουδ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ελεαζαρ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ελεαζαρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ματθαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ματθαν: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιακωβ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 1:14 (verbal): Immediate preceding segment of the same genealogy; uses the same begat formula (ἐγέννησεν) and continues the sequence of ancestors (Azor → Zadok → Achim → Eliud).
- Matthew 1:16 (structural): Immediate continuation/culmination of the genealogy—Joseph is presented as the son of Jacob, linking the generation named in 1:15 to the claim that Joseph was husband of Mary, mother of Jesus.
- Luke 3:23-31 (structural): Parallel but differing genealogy of Jesus; presents an alternative ancestral sequence (ascending list) that corresponds functionally to Matthew’s genealogy and highlights differences in names and lineage order (e.g., presence of Matthat/Mattathias names).
- Genesis 11:10-32 (verbal): Ancient Hebrew genealogical material (post‑Flood line) that uses the same 'begot' terminology and genealogical structuring found in Matthew—illustrates the broader biblical genealogical convention Matthew inherits and echoes.
Alternative generated candidates
- Eliud the father of Eleazar; Eleazar the father of Matthan; Matthan the father of Jacob.
- Eliud begot Eleazar; Eleazar begot Matthan; Matthan begot Jacob;
Matt.1.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ιακωβ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιωσηφ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- ανδρα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Μαριας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εξ: PREP
- ης: PRON,gen,sg,f,rel
- εγεννηθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- λεγομενος: PART,pres,pass,nom,sg,m
- χριστος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Luke 3:23 (structural): Luke's genealogy also links Jesus to Joseph (named as son of Heli), paralleling Matthew's identification of Joseph as Mary's husband and the legal ancestor in Jesus' lineage.
- Matthew 1:18 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel in the same infancy account: introduces Mary, Joseph, and the unusual circumstances of Jesus' birth from Mary.
- Luke 1:34-35 (thematic): Gabriel's announcement to Mary about conceiving by the Holy Spirit explains how Jesus was born of Mary, connecting to Matthew's statement that Jesus was born of Mary.
- Luke 2:21 (verbal): Luke records the naming of the child as Jesus at his circumcision, paralleling Matthew's designation of 'Jesus' and the added title 'called Christ'.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jacob the father of Joseph, the husband of Mary; of her was born Jesus who is called the Messiah.
- Jacob begot Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus who is called the Messiah.
Matt.1.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Πασαι: ADJ,nom,pl,f
- ουν: PART
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- γενεαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- απο: PREP
- Αβρααμ: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εως: PREP
- Δαυιδ: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- γενεαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- δεκατεσσαρες: NUM,nom,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- απο: PREP
- Δαυιδ: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εως: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- μετοικεσιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Βαβυλωνος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- γενεαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- δεκατεσσαρες: NUM,nom,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- μετοικεσιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Βαβυλωνος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εως: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,m
- χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- γενεαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- δεκατεσσαρες: NUM,nom,pl,f
Parallels
- Matthew 1:1-16 (structural): Immediate parallel: the full genealogy listing the names that Matthew summarizes in 1:17 (three sets of fourteen generations).
- Luke 3:23-38 (structural): Luke's genealogy provides an alternative lineage of Jesus and echoes the theme of tracing Jesus' ancestry back through key figures (to Abraham and ultimately to Adam), highlighting different theological emphases on descent.
- 1 Chronicles 1-9 (structural): Comprehensive Old Testament genealogical lists that cover the same major eras (patriarchs, Davidic line, exile/post-exilic families) Matthew compresses into three fourteen-generation blocks.
- Isaiah 11:1 (thematic): Messianic hope rooted in the Davidic line ('a shoot from the stump of Jesse') resonates with Matthew's emphasis on Jesus' place in the Abraham–David–Messiah sequence.
- Ezra 1:1-4 (thematic): The decree permitting exiles to return (ending the Babylonian exile) connects to Matthew's middle period marker 'to the exile to Babylon,' underscoring the historical pivot between David and the Messiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations, and from David to the exile to Babylon fourteen generations, and from the exile to Babylon to the Messiah fourteen generations.
- Thus all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations; from David to the exile to Babylon, fourteen generations; and from the exile to Babylon to the Messiah, fourteen generations.
The book of the genealogy of Jesus the Messiah, son of David, son of Abraham.
Abraham was the father of Isaac; Isaac the father of Jacob; Jacob the father of Judah and his brothers.
Judah was the father of Perez and Zerah by Tamar; Perez the father of Hezron; Hezron the father of Ram.
Ram was the father of Amminadab; Amminadab the father of Nahshon; Nahshon the father of Salmon.
Salmon was the father of Boaz by Rahab; Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth; Obed the father of Jesse.
Jesse was the father of David the king. David was the father of Solomon by the one who had been the wife of Uriah.
Solomon was the father of Rehoboam; Rehoboam the father of Abijah; Abijah the father of Asa.
Asa was the father of Jehoshaphat; Jehoshaphat the father of Joram; Joram the father of Uzziah.
Uzziah was the father of Jotham; Jotham the father of Ahaz; Ahaz the father of Hezekiah.
Hezekiah was the father of Manasseh; Manasseh the father of Amon; Amon the father of Josiah.
Josiah was the father of Jeconiah and his brothers at the time of the exile to Babylon.
After the exile to Babylon: Jeconiah was the father of Shealtiel; Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel.
Zerubbabel was the father of Abiud; Abiud the father of Eliakim; Eliakim the father of Azor.
Azor was the father of Zadok; Zadok the father of Achim; Achim the father of Eliud.
Eliud was the father of Eleazar; Eleazar the father of Matthan; Matthan the father of Jacob.
Jacob was the father of Joseph, the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus who is called the Messiah. Thus all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations, from David to the exile to Babylon fourteen generations, and from the exile to Babylon to the Messiah fourteen generations.