Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest
John 18:19-24
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John.18.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ουν: CONJ
- αρχιερευς: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ηρωτησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιησουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- περι: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- μαθητων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- περι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- διδαχης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- John 18:20 (verbal): Immediate contextual parallel — Jesus explicitly replies that he taught publicly in synagogues and openly to the world, directly answering the high priest's question about his teaching.
- John 7:14-18 (thematic): Jesus' public teaching and defense of its authority; opponents question the source of his teaching, echoing the high priest's inquiry about his doctrine and disciples.
- Mark 14:53-65 (structural): The trial before the high priest in Mark parallels John's account: Jesus is examined by the Sanhedrin, accused, and questioned about his identity, with attention to his ministry and followers.
- Luke 22:66-71 (structural): Luke's depiction of the Jerusalem trial parallels John's scene — Jesus is brought before the council and interrogated about who he is and the nature of his work and followers.
- Acts 4:18-20 (thematic): Post-resurrection parallel showing authorities interrogating and trying to silence proclamation and teaching about Jesus — connects to the theme of official questioning and restriction of Jesus' (and his followers') teaching.
Alternative generated candidates
- The high priest then questioned him about his disciples and about his teaching.
- Now the high priest questioned him about his disciples and about his teaching.
John.18.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- απεκριθη: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- Ιησους·Εγω: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- παρρησια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- λελαληκα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- κοσμω·εγω: NOUN,dat,sg,m + PRON,nom,sg,1
- παντοτε: ADV
- εδιδαξα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- εν: PREP
- συναγωγη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ιερω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- οπου: ADV,rel
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- Ιουδαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- συνερχονται: VERB,pres,mp,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- κρυπτω: ADJ,dat,sg,m
- ελαλησα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- ουδεν·: PRON,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Matthew 10:27 (verbal): Jesus contrasts public and secret speech: 'what I tell you in the dark speak in the light,' echoing John 18:20's claim that he spoke openly and nothing in secret.
- Luke 12:3 (verbal): Theme of hidden words becoming public—'what you have said in the dark will be heard in the light'—parallels John 18:20's emphasis on having spoken openly.
- John 7:14-18 (structural): Jesus teaches publicly in the temple and defends the source and openness of his teaching ('I did not come on my own'), directly paralleling John 18:20's claim of open, public instruction in synagogues and the temple.
- Luke 4:16-20 (thematic): Jesus' regular practice of teaching in synagogues (reading and proclaiming Scripture in Nazareth) parallels John 18:20's statement that he always taught in synagogues.
- Acts 26:26 (allusion): Paul's defense that these things 'were not done in a corner' (i.e., were publicly proclaimed) echoes the Johannine emphasis in 18:20 that Jesus' teaching was public, not secret.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus answered, "I have spoken openly to the world; I have always taught in the synagogue and in the temple, where the Jews gather together; I have said nothing in secret."
- Jesus answered him, "I have spoken openly to the world; I have always taught in synagogues and in the temple, where all the Jews gather, and I said nothing in secret.
John.18.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- ερωτας: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- ερωτησον: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- ακηκοοτας: PART,perf,act,acc,pl,m
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- ελαλησα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- αυτοις·ιδε: PRON,dat,pl,m
- ουτοι: PRO,nom,pl,m
- οιδασιν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,pl
- α: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
Parallels
- John 18:20 (verbal): Immediate context: Jesus declares he has spoken openly to the world and taught in synagogues, directly supporting his instruction to 'ask those who heard' what he said.
- John 7:46 (thematic): Temple officers report they did not arrest Jesus because 'never has anyone spoken like this man,' emphasizing the public and recognizable nature of his teaching.
- John 12:49-50 (verbal): Jesus explains that his words come from the Father and are consistent and public, reinforcing that those who heard him knew the content and authority of his speech.
- Acts 4:20 (thematic): Peter and John insist they must speak what they have seen and heard, echoing the idea that eyewitness listeners can attest to Jesus' public teachings.
Alternative generated candidates
- "Why do you ask me? Ask those who heard me what I said to them; they know what I said."
- Why do you ask me? Ask those who heard what I said to them; they know what I said."
John.18.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- δε: CONJ
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- ειποντος: PART,aor,act,gen,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- παρεστηκως: PART,perf,act,nom,sg,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- υπηρετων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ραπισμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ειπων·Ουτως: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- αποκρινη: VERB,pres,mid,ind,2,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- αρχιερει: NOUN,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 14:65 (verbal): Parallel Gospel account of the arrest/trial where Jesus is struck and abused by those present; closely parallels John’s report of a servant striking Jesus and the mocking question about answering the high priest.
- Matthew 26:67 (verbal): Synoptic parallel describing how the men at the trial spat on and struck Jesus, echoing John’s depiction of physical abuse during the interrogations.
- Luke 22:63-65 (verbal): Luke’s account records the officers beating and mocking Jesus while he was questioned, paralleling John’s note that a servant struck Jesus and scorned his response to the high priest.
- Isaiah 50:6 (allusion): Suffering‑servant language—'I gave my back to those who struck me'—served as a prophetic background for Gospel scenes where Jesus endures blows and humiliation during his trials.
- Zechariah 13:7 (allusion): Prophetic image of striking the shepherd (‘Strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered’) thematically parallels the violence against Jesus the leader and the dispersal of his followers at his arrest and trial.
Alternative generated candidates
- When he had said this, one of the officers standing by struck Jesus with his hand, saying, "Do you answer the high priest like that?"
- When he had said this, one of the officers standing by struck Jesus and said, "Is this how you answer the high priest?"
John.18.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- απεκριθη: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- Ιησους·Ει: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- κακως: ADV
- ελαλησα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- μαρτυρησον: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- περι: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κακου·ει: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- καλως: ADV
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- δερεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
Parallels
- John 8:46 (verbal): Jesus challenges his opponents to convict him of sin—'Which of you convicts me of sin?'—parallel to 'If I have spoken wrongly, testify concerning the wrong,' both invoking a legal/forensic challenge to accusers.
- Mark 14:65 (structural): At Jesus' trial the council strikes and abuses him ('they struck him'), matching the violent act Jesus protests here—provides the Synoptic parallel to the physical striking he questions in John.
- Acts 23:3 (verbal): When the high priest struck Paul, Paul answers verbally and rebukes the authority—parallels the dynamic of a religious authority striking an accused and the accused verbally protesting the illegitimacy of the action.
- 1 Peter 2:23 (thematic): Describes Christ's patient endurance ('when he was reviled, he did not revile in return'); thematically relates to Jesus' response to unjust treatment here—he protests unlawfulness but does not retaliate violently.
- Isaiah 53:7 (allusion): The Suffering Servant is led to suffering 'and he opened not his mouth'; thematically connected to the innocent, suffering Messiah on trial—John's account frames Jesus' mistreatment within that Servant motif, even as Jesus speaks up to highlight the injustice.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus answered him, "If I have spoken wrongly, bear witness to the wrong; but if I have spoken rightly, why do you strike me?"
- Jesus answered him, "If I spoke wrongly, bear witness to the wrong; but if I spoke rightly, why do you strike me?"
John.18.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- απεστειλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Αννας: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δεδεμενον: PART,perf,pass,acc,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- Καιαφαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αρχιερεα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- John 18:13 (verbal): Immediate Johannine parallel: earlier in the chapter Jesus is first led to Annas (πρῶτον πρὸς Ἄνναν), establishing the sequence Annas → Caiaphas that 18:24 reports (Annas sends him bound to Caiaphas).
- Matthew 26:57 (verbal): Synoptic parallel: Jesus is brought to the high priest's house (Caiaphas) for questioning, matching John's note that Jesus was sent to Caiaphas for the Jewish hearing.
- Mark 14:53 (verbal): Synoptic parallel to Matthew: Mark likewise depicts Jesus being led to the high priest's residence (Caiaphas), a verbal/structural counterpart to John 18:24's transfer.
- Luke 22:54 (structural): Luke records Jesus being seized and taken to the high priest's house, paralleling the narrative move from arrest to the Jewish leaders' interrogation found in John 18:24.
- Luke 22:66 (thematic): Luke describes the formal hearing before the council and the high priest at daybreak; thematically parallels John's concern with the Jewish trial context that leads from Annas to Caiaphas.
Alternative generated candidates
- Annas then sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest.
- Then Annas sent him bound to Joseph, the one called Caiaphas, who was high priest that year.
Then the high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and about his teaching.
Jesus answered, I have spoken openly to the world; I have always taught in synagogues and in the temple, where all the Jews assemble; I said nothing in secret.
Why do you ask me? Ask those who heard me what I told them; they know what I said.
When he had said this, one of the officers standing by struck Jesus with the palm of his hand, saying, Is that the way you answer the high priest?
Jesus answered him, If I have spoken wrongly, bear witness to the wrong; but if rightly, why do you strike me?
Annas then sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest.