The Peace Offering—Thanksgiving and Vows
Leviticus 7:11-21
Lev.7.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וזאת: CONJ+DEM,f,sg
- תורת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יקריב: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.3.1 (verbal): Earlier provision introducing the 'sacrifice of peace offerings' (זבח השלמים) with overlapping terminology and ritual categories.
- Num.6.14 (thematic): The Nazirite completion sacrifice includes a peace offering, showing the use of the shelamim category in vow and dedication contexts.
- Lev.22.29 (thematic): Speaks of a 'sacrifice of thanksgiving' (often realized as a peace offering), linking voluntary gratitude offerings to the shelamim tradition.
- Ps.116.17 (thematic): Personal vow to 'offer the sacrifice of thanksgiving' reflects the cultic practice of thanksgiving/peace offerings described in Leviticus.
Alternative generated candidates
- And this is the instruction for the sacrifice of well-being that one brings to the LORD:
- And this is the instruction for the sacrifice of well-being that one brings to the LORD:
Lev.7.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אם: CONJ
- על: PREP
- תודה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יקריבנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- והקריב: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התודה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- חלות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בלולת: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ורקיקי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- משחים: VERB,piel,ptcp,NA,m,pl
- בשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וסלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מרבכת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בלולת: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Lev.7.11-15 (structural): Immediate context — continuation of the laws for the thanksgiving (todah) offering, specifying the same kinds of unleavened cakes and portions and how they are to be offered and distributed.
- Lev.2.1-4 (verbal): Grain-offering regulations that likewise prescribe unleavened cakes, wafers, and the use of oil (and sometimes frankincense); shares language and cultic ingredients with the todah instructions.
- Exod.29.2 (verbal): Priestly consecration rite lists unleavened bread, cakes of fine flour mixed with oil, and wafers anointed with oil — nearly the same items and phrasing used for the thanksgiving offering.
- Ps.116:17 (thematic): The psalmist declares 'I will offer to you the sacrifice of thanksgiving' (todah), echoing the same cultic act and language of offering thanks to God.
- Heb.13:15 (thematic): The New Testament reinterprets covenantal sacrifices as a 'sacrifice of praise' and thanksgiving to God, thematically echoing the Israelite todah (thanksgiving offering).
Alternative generated candidates
- If he brings it for thanksgiving, then he shall bring with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes of fine flour well mixed with oil.
- If he presents it as a thanksgiving, then with the sacrifice of thanksgiving he shall present unleavened loaves mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers smeared with oil, and loaves of fine flour well mixed with oil.
Lev.7.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- חלת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יקריב: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- קרבנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- על: PREP
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תודת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שלמיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
Parallels
- Leviticus 7:11-12 (structural): Immediate context describing peace and thanksgiving (todah) offerings and their accompanying breads — this verse is part of that regulation about what is offered with a peace/thanksgiving sacrifice.
- Leviticus 2:11 (verbal): States that leaven is forbidden in grain and burnt offerings, creating a contrast with Lev 7:13 where leavened bread is permitted with the thanksgiving/peace offering.
- Psalm 116:17 (verbal): “I will offer to you the sacrifice of thanksgiving (korban todah)” — uses the same technical term for the thank-offering that Lev 7:13 prescribes and connects the ritual offering to the language of personal thanksgiving.
- Psalm 50:14 (thematic): “Offer to God a sacrifice of thanksgiving” — a cultic/thematic parallel linking the practice in Leviticus of presenting bread with a thanksgiving sacrifice to the prophetic/psalmic summons to give thanks to God with sacrificial acts.
Alternative generated candidates
- Along with loaves of leavened bread he shall bring his offering, with the sacrifice of his thanksgiving of well-being.
- With loaves of leavened bread he shall present his offering with the sacrifice of his thanksgiving of well-being.
Lev.7.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והקריב: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- מכל: PREP
- קרבן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תרומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לכהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- הזרק: PARTCP,qal,part,-,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- דם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 3:3-9 (verbal): Both passages treat the handling of peace/offering fats and the disposition of portions connected with peace offerings; language about the fat and priestly handling echoes the sacrificial regulations in ch. 3.
- Exodus 29:27-28 (structural): Prescribes the allocation of consecrated portions (heave/wave offerings) to Aaron and his sons as a standing priestly entitlement, paralleling Lev 7:14’s assignment of a portion to the priest.
- Numbers 18:8-11 (thematic): Frames the Levites’ and priests’ right to heave- and wave-offerings as their inheritance from the LORD, thematically corresponding to the priest’s claim to portions of peace/thanksgiving offerings in Lev 7:14.
- Deuteronomy 18:3 (thematic): Specifies the priests’ due from sacrificial meals (breast, right thigh) as part of priestly sustenance rights—parallel in theme to Lev 7:14’s grant of a portion to the priest who handles the blood.
Alternative generated candidates
- And from it he shall present one out of each kind as a contribution to the LORD; it shall belong to the priest who dashes the blood of the sacrifices of well-being.
- And from it he shall present one from each kind as a contribution to the LORD; it shall belong to the priest who dashes the blood of the sacrifice of well-being; it shall be his.
Lev.7.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובשר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תודת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שלמיו: NOUN,m,pl,cons,poss3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- קרבנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יניח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 19:5-6 (verbal): Gives the same rule for a sacrifice of thanksgiving/peace: it must be eaten on the day of the offering and none of it be left until morning — nearly identical wording and legal prescription.
- Exodus 12:10 (verbal): Passover lamb instructions: eat it on the night and 'let none of it remain until the morning' (what remains you shall burn) — the same prohibition against leaving sacrificial meat until morning.
- Numbers 9:12 (verbal): Repetition of the Passover rule (parallel to Exodus 12): none of the lamb shall remain until morning; a close verbal and ritual parallel concerning same‑day consumption.
- Deuteronomy 12:15 (thematic): Addresses the consumption of slaughtered meat by Israelites (permission to eat sacrificial/meat within towns) and reflects the broader legal framework governing who may eat sacrificial meat and when — thematically linked to Lev.7:15’s rules about eating peace‑offerings.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the flesh of the sacrifice of his thanksgiving of well-being shall be eaten on the day of his offering; he shall not leave any of it until morning.
- And the flesh of the sacrifice of his thanksgiving of well-being shall be eaten on the day of his offering; he shall not leave any of it until morning.
Lev.7.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- נדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- נדבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קרבנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- ביום: PREP
- הקריבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- זבחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וממחרת: CONJ+ADV
- והנותר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 7:11-12 (structural): Immediate legal parallel in the same chapter describing the law for peace offerings: the meat is to be eaten the same day and on the next day, and any remaining on the third day is to be burned.
- Leviticus 7:15-17 (verbal): Neighboring verses that frame and continue the same rule for vows and free‑will (voluntary) offerings, including the prohibition on eating third‑day remnants and consequences if the meat becomes unclean.
- Leviticus 19:5-8 (verbal): Repeats the instruction for peace/thanksgiving offerings: they are to be eaten the same day and on the next day, with third‑day remnants not to be eaten; priests also share in the portions—language echoes Lev 7:16.
- Deuteronomy 12:17-18 (thematic): A related law about proper consumption of sacrificial meat (where and how the offerer may eat it), reflecting the broader concern in the Torah with regulating the time, place and manner of eating offerings.
Alternative generated candidates
- But if his sacrifice is a vow or a freewill offering, on the day he offers his sacrifice it shall be eaten, and on the next day what remains of it may be eaten.
- But if the sacrifice of his offering is a vow or a freewill offering, on the day he presents his sacrifice it shall be eaten, and on the next day what remains of it may be eaten.
Lev.7.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והנותר: VERB,qal,ptcp,NA,m,sg,def
- מבשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ביום: PREP
- השלישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ישרף: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 7:16 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same pericope: explicitly forbids eating the flesh of the peace/thanksgiving offering on the third day (calls it an abomination), directly linked to the command to burn what remains.
- Leviticus 7:18 (verbal): Continues the same legal unit—states the penalty for eating flesh left until the third day (the eater bears guilt), reinforcing the prohibition and the requirement to destroy leftovers.
- Leviticus 19:6–8 (verbal): Repeats the same rule for thanksgiving/peace offerings: they are to be eaten the same day (or the next), but whatever remains until the third day must be burned—closely paralleling wording and legal intent.
- Leviticus 22:29–30 (thematic): Addresses timing for eating sacrificial thanksgiving offerings (to be eaten on the same day, not left overnight); though it does not state the third‑day burning in the same words, it reflects the same concern with prescribed consumption times for consecrated meat.
Alternative generated candidates
- But what remains of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned with fire.
- But what remains of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned with fire.
Lev.7.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- האכל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מבשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלמיו: NOUN,m,sg,cstr,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- השלישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- ירצה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המקריב: VERB,qal,ptc,act,m,sg,def
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- לא: PART_NEG
- יחשב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- פגול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- והנפש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- האכלת: VERB,qal,ptc,3,f,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- עונה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תשא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 7:16 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same regulation: warns that if flesh of peace offering is eaten on the third day it is abominable—same legal prohibition and language about timing and acceptability.
- Leviticus 7:19 (verbal): Closely related clause in the chapter repeating the consequence for eating the peace-offering meat on the third day; reinforces the charge that the eater bears guilt.
- Leviticus 22:9 (verbal): Similar legal formula concerning eating sacred/holy things improperly: 'when anyone eats of the holy thing, he shall bear his iniquity'—repeats the idea that wrongful consumption brings culpability.
- 1 Corinthians 11:27-29 (thematic): New Testament parallel in theme: partaking of sacred food/meal unworthily brings judgment or guilt on the eater—analogous theological principle about improper participation in holy rites.
Alternative generated candidates
- And if any of the flesh of his sacrifice of well-being is eaten on the third day, it shall not be accepted; it shall not be reckoned to the one who brings it; it shall be foul, and the person who eats of it shall bear his guilt.
- But if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his well-being is eaten on the third day, it shall not be accepted; the one who presents it shall not be credited; it shall be foul, and the person who eats of it shall bear his guilt.
Lev.7.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והבשר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ישרף: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- והבשר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- טהור: ADJ,m,sg
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Lev.6.29-30 (verbal): Repeats the same priestly regulation: flesh that has touched anything unclean must not be eaten but burned; anyone who touches it is unclean and may not eat the holy portions.
- Lev.7.20-21 (structural): Immediate context: continues the law about eating sacrificial flesh made unclean and prescribes exclusion/cut‑off for those who eat what is unclean — same ritual consequence.
- Lev.22.4-7 (thematic): Regulates priests eating holy things while ceremonially unclean: must wash and wait until evening; if unclean persons eat, they incur exclusion — parallel concern with purity and disposal of contaminated sacred food.
- Num.19.11-13 (thematic): Defines uncleanness from contact with a corpse and the resulting prohibition on eating sacred/holy items until purification — parallels the impurity/eating restriction and need for exclusion or removal of contaminated flesh.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten; with fire it shall be burned. But as for the flesh, everyone who is clean may eat the flesh.
- And the flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burned with fire. As for the flesh, everyone who is clean may eat the flesh.
Lev.7.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והנפש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- וטמאתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- ונכרתה: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- הנפש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- מעמיה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,f,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 7:18 (verbal): Almost identical provision in the immediate context: anyone who eats the flesh of the peace offering while ceremonially unclean shall be cut off from his people.
- Leviticus 7:21 (verbal): Reiteration of the same prohibition and penalty within the same chapter: eating the LORD's offering while unclean renders the eater liable to excision.
- Leviticus 22:3 (verbal): A broader priestly regulation: anyone (including priests) who eats holy things while ceremonially unclean is declared guilty and may be cut off—same principle applied to sacred food.
- 1 Samuel 21:4-6 (thematic): Narrative contrast involving the showbread (holy bread): the incident highlights rules about who may lawfully eat sacred food and underscores the distinction between permitted and forbidden consumption of consecrated items.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the person who eats flesh from the sacrifice of well-being that belongs to the LORD, while his uncleanness is upon him, that person shall be cut off from his people.
- But the person who eats flesh from the sacrifice of well-being that is for the LORD while his uncleanness is upon him, that person shall be cut off from his people.
Lev.7.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונפש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בטמאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- בבהמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- טמאה: ADJ,f,sg
- או: CONJ
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שקץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ואכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מבשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונכרתה: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- הנפש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- מעמיה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,f,sg
Parallels
- Lev.7.20 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same context: similar wording about touching anything unclean and then eating the meat of a peace-offering, with the same sanction that the person shall be cut off from his people.
- Lev.17.10–14 (thematic): Prohibits eating blood and states the divine sanction ‘I will set my face against that soul… and will cut him off from among his people,’ echoing the motif of ritual prohibition + divine exclusion for profaning sacred/regulated food.
- Lev.22.3–4 (structural): Regulates priests’ purity and consumption of consecrated offerings; an unclean person who comes near or eats holy things is to be ‘cut off,’ paralleling the priestly/communal purity and penalty language of Lev 7:21.
- 1 Cor.11.27–29 (thematic): New Testament parallel in theme: eating a sacred meal ‘in an unworthy manner’ brings judgment on the person (some weakened, sick, died), reflecting the idea that improper participation in sacrificial/holy food brings divine sanction.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when a person touches any unclean thing, the uncleanness of a human, or an unclean animal, or any unclean detestable thing, and eats of the flesh of the sacrifice of well-being that belongs to the LORD, that person shall be cut off from his people.
- And when a person touches anything unclean—human uncleanness, or an unclean animal, or any unclean detestable thing—and eats from the flesh of the sacrifice of well-being that is for the LORD, that person shall be cut off from his people.
And this is the instruction for the sacrifice of the peace offering that is brought to the LORD:
If he brings it as a thanksgiving, then he shall present with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened loaves mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and loaves of fine flour well mixed with oil.
With loaves of leavened bread he shall present his offering, with the sacrifice of his thanksgiving peace offering. And from it he shall present one out of each kind as a contribution to the LORD; it shall belong to the priest who dashes the blood of the peace offering. And the flesh of the sacrifice of his thanksgiving peace offering shall be eaten on the day he offers it; he shall not leave any of it until morning. But if the sacrifice of his offering is for a vow or as a freewill offering, on the day he offers his sacrifice it shall be eaten; and on the next day what remains of it may be eaten. But what remains of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned with fire. And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering is eaten on the third day, it shall not be accepted; the one who offers it shall not have it reckoned to him; it shall be tainted; and the person who eats from it shall bear his guilt. And the flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burned with fire. As for the flesh, every clean person may eat the flesh. But the person who eats flesh from the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to the LORD while his uncleanness is upon him—that person shall be cut off from his people. And when a person touches any unclean thing—human uncleanness or an unclean animal or any unclean detestable thing—and eats from the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to the LORD, that person shall be cut off from his people.