Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders
2 Kings 14:23-29
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2 K.14.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- חמש: NUM,card,f,sg
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לאמציהו: PREP+PN,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ירבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בשמרון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- ואחת: CONJ+NUM,card,sg,f
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Amos 1:1 (allusion): Names Jeroboam son of Joash and situates the prophetic activity in the days of Jeroboam II (and Uzziah of Judah), providing a chronological and historical parallel to the reign noted in 2 Kings 14:23.
- Hosea 1:1 (allusion): Like Amos 1:1, Hosea 1:1 explicitly links the prophet’s activity to the reign of 'Jeroboam son of Joash,' confirming the historical identity and period of Jeroboam II referenced in 2 Kings 14:23.
- 2 Chronicles 25:1,17-24 (thematic): Chronicles provides the parallel account of Amaziah of Judah (the synchronizing king named in 2 Kings 14:23) and narrates the related military events and interactions with Israel, offering a Judah-centered parallel to the events surrounding the same chronological framework.
- 2 Kings 14:24-29 (structural): Immediate literary parallel within the same chapter: verses following 14:23 expand on Jeroboam II’s reign (his deeds, length of reign, and restoration of Israel’s borders), giving the fuller Israelite context for the accession recorded in 14:23.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the fifteenth year of Amaziah son of Joash king of Judah, Jeroboam son of Joash became king of Israel in Samaria; and he reigned forty-one years.
- In the fifteenth year of Amaziah son of Joash king of Judah, Jeroboam son of Joash became king over Israel in Samaria; and he reigned forty-one years.
2 K.14.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- סר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מכל: PREP
- חטאות: NOUN,f,pl,const
- ירבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- החטיא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 12:28-30 (structural): Describes Jeroboam son of Nebat’s establishment of alternative worship (the golden calves)—the original ‘sin of Jeroboam’ to which later kings are said to cling.
- 2 Kings 3:3 (verbal): Uses the same formula: the king ‘did evil in the sight of the LORD’ and ‘did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat,’ echoing the exact judgment applied to other Israelite rulers.
- 2 Kings 10:31 (verbal): States that Jehu ‘departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat,’ repeating the verbal motif that later kings continued Jeroboam’s sinful legacy.
- 2 Kings 17:21 (thematic): Summarizes Israel’s persistent idolatry and unfaithfulness, attributing the nation’s wrongdoing to the recurring practices that began with Jeroboam and led to divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- He did evil in the sight of the LORD; he did not turn away from all the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, who had caused Israel to sin.
- He did evil in the sight of the LORD; he did not turn aside from all the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin.
2 K.14.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- השיב: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלבוא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
- חמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עד: PREP
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- הערבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- יונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמתי: ADV
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- מגת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- החפר: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Jonah 1:1-2 (verbal): Identifies Jonah son of Amittai (the same prophet named in 2 Kgs 14:25); confirms Jonah's prophetic commission and personal data referenced by Kings.
- Jonah 3:1-3 (allusion): Records another instance of God's word to Jonah and his prophetic activity (message to Nineveh), underscoring Jonah's role as a true prophet whose oracle is cited in 2 Kings.
- 2 Kings 14:23-29 (structural): The larger pericope describing Jeroboam II's reign, military successes, and the restoration of Israel's borders — 14:25 is part of this narrative and its fulfillment emphasis.
- Amos 1:1 (thematic): Amos situates his prophetic activity in the time of Uzziah of Judah and Jeroboam II of Israel, providing contemporaneous prophetic context for northern Israel during Jeroboam II’s territorial expansion mentioned in 2 Kgs 14:25.
Alternative generated candidates
- He restored the border of Israel from the entrance of Hamath as far as the Sea of the Arabah, according to the word of the LORD God of Israel that he had spoken by his servant Jonah son of Amittai the prophet, who was of Gath‑hepher.
- He restored the border of Israel from the entrance of Hamath to the Sea of the Arabah, according to the word of the LORD, the God of Israel, which he spoke by his servant Jonah son of Amittai the prophet, who was of Gath Hepher.
2 K.14.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עני: ADJ,m,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מרה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאד: ADV
- ואפס: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עצור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואפס: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזוב: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- עזר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לישראל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 3:7-8 (verbal): God ’saw the affliction of his people’ and announces intervention to bring them out — language and motif closely parallel (God observing Israel’s misery and acting to deliver).
- Exodus 2:24-25 (verbal): Statement that ‘God looked upon the children of Israel’ and ‘had respect’ for them echoes the idea that Yahweh saw Israel’s distress and responded on their behalf.
- Psalm 72:12 (verbal): Speaks of the king delivering ‘the needy when he calls, the poor and him who has no helper’ — echoes the specific language of there being ‘no helper’ for Israel and divine rescue through a leader.
- Psalm 106:44-45 (thematic): Describes Yahweh’s compassion when he hears Israel’s cry and rescues them for the sake of his covenant/mercy — parallels the theme of divine pity and salvation despite Israel’s plight.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the LORD saw the affliction of Israel was very bitter; there was no one to uphold and no one to help—there was no deliverer for Israel.
- For the LORD saw the distress of Israel—how bitter it was—and that there was no helper, no one to uphold; and there was no deliverer for Israel.
2 K.14.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- למחות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- שם: ADV
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מתחת: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויושיעם: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ירבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (structural): Davidic covenant promising an enduring house/seed — theological basis for God’s refusal to blot out Israel and for preserving David’s line.
- 1 Kings 15:4 (verbal): Uses the same idea/phrase that for David’s sake the LORD gave a lamp (a descendant) — directly parallels the language and rationale in 2 Kgs 14:27.
- 1 Kings 11:36 (allusion): God’s declaration to spare a remnant/tribe for the sake of David and to raise up a successor — a related promise accounting for divine forbearance toward Israel.
- Psalm 89:3-4, 29-37 (thematic): Psalmic meditation on God’s covenant with David (establishing his seed forever and preserving his throne) — echoes the covenantal reason given for not destroying Israel.
Alternative generated candidates
- Yet the LORD would not command to blot out the name of Israel from under heaven, but saved them by the hand of Jeroboam son of Joash.
- Yet the LORD would not command to blot out the name of Israel from under the heavens; and he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam son of Joash.
2 K.14.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- ירבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וגבורתו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,suff
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נלחם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
- השיב: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- דמשק: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- חמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ליהודה: PREP+PN,masc,sg
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הלא: PART
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- כתובים: VERB,pual,ptcp,m,pl
- על: PREP
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למלכי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:19 (verbal): Uses the same closing formula about 'the rest of the acts' and 'written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel' regarding a king named Jeroboam — a recurring structural summary formula for northern kings.
- 2 Kings 14:25 (thematic): Earlier in the same chapter; attributes Jeroboam II's restoration of Israel's borders to the word of the LORD through the prophet Jonah — directly related to 14:28's report of recovering Damascus and Hamath.
- Jonah 1:1 (allusion): Chronological link: Jonah is introduced as a prophet 'in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel' — situates Jonah as contemporary to the territorial expansion attributed to Jeroboam II in 2 Kgs 14:28.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and his might which he showed, and how he fought and recovered Damascus and Hamath for Israel—are these not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
- Now the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and his might, by which he fought, and that he restored Damascus and Hamath to Israel—are these not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
2 K.14.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ירבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
- עם: PREP
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- זכריה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 2:10 (verbal): Uses the same formula 'slept with his fathers' to mark a king's death (David's), a standard closing formula for royal reign notices.
- 1 Kings 11:43 (verbal): Solomon 'slept with his fathers, and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead' — identical death-and-succession language and structure.
- 1 Chronicles 29:28 (verbal): Another instance of the formula for a king's death ('David slept with his fathers'), showing the chronicler's parallel language for royal endings.
- 2 Kings 15:8-12 (structural): Continues the narrative of Jeroboam II's line: Zechariah (the son who succeeds in 14:29) is soon assassinated — the passage treats succession and the rapid turnover of Israel's kings following the same narrative thread.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jeroboam slept with his fathers, the kings of Israel, and Zechariah his son reigned in his place.
- So Jeroboam slept with his fathers, even the kings of Israel; and Zechariah his son reigned in his place.
In the fifteenth year of Amaziah son of Joash, king of Judah, Jeroboam son of Joash became king of Israel in Samaria; and he reigned forty-one years.
He did evil in the sight of the LORD; he did not turn aside from all the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin.
He restored Israel’s border—from the entrance to Hamath to the Sea of the Arabah—according to the word of the LORD, the God of Israel, which he had spoken by his servant Jonah son of Amittai the prophet, who was from Gath Hepher.
For the LORD saw that the distress of Israel was very bitter; there was no one to restrain, no one to help, and no one to deliver Israel.
Yet the LORD did not command to blot out the name of Israel from under heaven; rather he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam son of Joash.
As for the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and his might, and how he fought, and how he restored Damascus and Hamath to Israel—are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? And Jeroboam slept with his fathers, the kings of Israel; and Zechariah his son reigned in his place.