Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead
John 11:38-44
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John.11.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ουν: CONJ
- παλιν: ADV
- εμβριμωμενος: VERB,pres,mid/pass,part,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- εαυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ερχεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- μνημειον·ην: NOUN,acc,sg,n + VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- σπηλαιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- λιθος: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- επεκειτο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- επ᾽αυτω: PREP+PRON,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- John 11:33 (verbal): Immediate context: Jesus is 'deeply moved' in spirit and troubled just before 11:38; the internal agitation in 11:33 links verbally and psychologically to the 'groaning' in 11:38.
- John 11:35 (thematic): The shortest verse 'Jesus wept' expresses the same emotional response to Lazarus' death that culminates in the groaning and approach to the tomb in 11:38.
- John 20:1 (structural): Echo in the resurrection narrative: Mary Magdalene finds the stone removed from Jesus' tomb; both passages focus attention on a cave/sepulcher and the stone sealing it.
- Matthew 27:60 (structural): Describes a tomb and a stone placed at its entrance (Joseph of Arimathea's tomb); parallels the spatial detail of a cave with a stone in John 11:38.
- Romans 8:22-23 (allusion): Uses the language of 'groaning' to portray deep longing (creation and believers); provides a theological parallel for interpreting Jesus' groaning as more than mere grief.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Jesus, once more groaning within himself, came to the tomb. It was a cave, and a stone lay against it.
- Then Jesus, again deeply moved, came to the tomb. It was a cave, and a stone lay across its entrance.
John.11.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους·Αρατε: NOUN,nom,sg,m + VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- λιθον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αδελφη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- τετελευτηκοτος: PART,perf,act,gen,sg,m
- Μαρθα·Κυριε: NOUN,nom,sg,f + NOUN,voc,sg,m
- ηδη: ADV
- οζει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τεταρταιος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- John 11:41-44 (structural): Immediate continuation of the scene: after the stone is taken away Jesus prays and commands Lazarus to come out — direct narrative parallel and fulfillment of the command to remove the stone.
- Mark 5:41-42 (thematic): Raising of Jairus’ daughter: Jesus speaks life into the dead and restores her — parallels Jesus’ authority over death and the motif of a verbal command bringing the dead back to life.
- John 5:28-29 (thematic): Jesus’ teaching that the dead will hear the Son’s voice and come forth — theological backdrop for the episode where Jesus calls Lazarus from the tomb.
- Mark 16:4 (thematic): The stone rolled away from Jesus’ tomb at the resurrection — echoes the motif of removing a stone from a tomb in connection with divine action over death and emergence from the grave.
- 2 Kings 4:34-35 (thematic): Elisha raises the Shunammite’s son by prophetic action — an Old Testament analogue for a holy person restoring life to the dead, resonant with Jesus’ raising of Lazarus.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus said, "Take away the stone." Martha, the sister of the dead man, said to him, "Lord, by now he will have a foul odor; he has been dead four days."
- Jesus said, "Take away the stone." Martha, the sister of the dead man, said to him, "Lord, by now there will be an odor, for he has been dead four days."
John.11.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους·Ουκ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- οτι: CONJ
- εαν: CONJ
- πιστευσης: VERB,pres,act,subj,2,sg
- οψη: VERB,fut,mid,ind,2,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- δοξαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- John 11:4 (structural): In the same pericope Jesus interprets the illness as happening 'for the glory of God,' directly linking the event to the revelation of God's glory that 11:40 promises believers will see.
- John 1:14 (verbal): 'We have seen his glory' echoes the language of beholding God's glory in Jesus; both passages tie the revelation of God's glory to the incarnate Christ and to eyewitness/faithful perception.
- John 12:41 (allusion): John explains Isaiah's prophecy by saying Isaiah 'saw his glory,' connecting prophetic vision and the revelation of Christ's glory — a theme echoed in Jesus' statement that believers will see God's glory.
- Matthew 5:8 (thematic): 'Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God' promises seeing God as the fruit of covenant faithfulness/purity, paralleling 11:40's promise that faith will result in perceiving God's glory.
- 1 John 3:2 (thematic): 'When he appears we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is' links the eschatological vision of Christ for believers with the Johannine theme that faith leads to seeing the Lord's glory, resonant with 11:40.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus said to her, "Did I not tell you that if you believe you will see the glory of God?"
- Jesus said to her, "Did I not tell you that if you believed you would see the glory of God?"
John.11.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ηραν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- ουν: CONJ
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- λιθον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ηρεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- οφθαλμους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- ανω: ADV
- και: CONJ
- ειπεν·Πατερ: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ευχαριστω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- οτι: CONJ
- ηκουσας: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
Parallels
- John 17:1 (verbal): Jesus again 'lifts up his eyes to heaven' and addresses the Father in a public prayer—parallel in posture and direct address to the Father.
- Luke 9:16 (verbal): Before multiplying the loaves Jesus 'looked up to heaven and blessed' (Greek: giving thanks) — parallels the act of looking up and giving thanks prior to a miraculous act.
- John 6:11 (verbal): 'He took the loaves, and when he had given thanks...' — same verb of thanksgiving (εὐχαριστήσας/εὐχαριστῶ) and pattern of Jesus thanking the Father before distributing/providing.
- 1 Corinthians 11:24 (quotation): Paul recounts Jesus' action at the Lord's Supper: 'and when he had given thanks he broke it'—an early Christian citation of Jesus' habit of giving thanks that parallels John 11:41.
- Psalm 116:1-2 (thematic): Psalms language of thanksgiving because God has 'heard' the petitioner resonates with Jesus' 'Father, I thank you that you have heard me' (theme of being heard by God).
Alternative generated candidates
- So they took away the stone. And Jesus lifted up his eyes and said, "Father, I thank you that you have heard me."
- So they took away the stone. And Jesus lifted up his eyes and said, "Father, I thank you that you have heard me."
John.11.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- δε: CONJ
- ηδειν: VERB,impf,act,ind,1,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- παντοτε: ADV
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- ακουεις·αλλα: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- δια: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- οχλον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- περιεστωτα: PART,perf,act,acc,sg,m
- ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- ινα: CONJ
- πιστευσωσιν: VERB,aor,act,sub,3,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- συ: PRON,nom,sg,2
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- απεστειλας: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
Parallels
- John 11:41 (structural): Immediate context: Jesus thanks the Father that he has heard him ('Father, I thank you that you have heard me'), directly paralleling the claim that the Father always hears him.
- John 17:21 (verbal): Jesus prays that believers may be one 'that the world may believe that you sent me'—the same purpose-language ('that they may believe that you sent me') as in John 11:42.
- Hebrews 5:7 (thematic): Speaks of Jesus offering up prayers and supplications 'and he was heard'—parallels the assurance in John 11:42 that the Father hears Jesus' prayers.
- 1 John 5:14–15 (thematic): Assures that if we ask according to God's will 'he hears us' and grants requests—echoes the theological claim in John 11:42 about God's faithful hearing of prayer.
Alternative generated candidates
- I knew that you always hear me, but I said this for the sake of the people standing here, that they may believe that you sent me.
- I knew that you always hear me; but I said this for the sake of the people standing here, that they may believe that you sent me."
John.11.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- ειπων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,sg
- φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- εκραυγασεν·Λαζαρε: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg + NOUN,voc,sg,m
- δευρο: ADV
- εξω: ADV
Parallels
- Mark 5:41 (verbal): Jesus' imperatival summons to the dead — 'Talitha koum' ('Little girl, arise') — parallels the direct command 'Lazarus, come out,' both verbal acts that restore life.
- Luke 7:14 (verbal): At Nain Jesus says to the young man, 'I say to you, arise,' raising him from death; thematically and verbally similar to the authoritative call that brings Lazarus forth.
- Matthew 9:25 (structural): Jesus restores Jairus's daughter to life; the scene (a private raising of the dead within a household and Jesus' authoritative action) parallels the structure and purpose of the Lazarus miracle.
- John 5:25-28 (thematic): Jesus teaches that the dead will hear the Son's voice and live; this theological claim provides the Johannine framework for the voice-command miracle in John 11.
- Ezekiel 37:1-14 (thematic): The vision of dry bones coming to life at prophetic command offers an Old Testament typological precedent: divine/prophetic speech as the means by which life is restored, echoing Jesus' voice calling Lazarus out of the tomb.
Alternative generated candidates
- Having said these things, he cried with a loud voice, "Lazarus, come out!"
- When he had said this, he cried with a loud voice, "Lazarus, come out!"
John.11.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εξηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- τεθνηκως: PART,perf,act,nom,sg,m
- δεδεμενος: PART,perf,pass,nom,sg,m
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- ποδας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- χειρας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- κειριαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- οψις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- σουδαριω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- περιεδεδετο: VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,sg
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους·Λυσατε: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- αφετε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- υπαγειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- John 20:6-7 (verbal): Both scenes focus on burial cloths: here Lazarus comes out bound with grave clothes and a face-cloth, and in John 20 the linen and face-cloth are found in the empty tomb—linking Jesus' power over death to the motif of unbound linens.
- Luke 7:14 (verbal): When Jesus raises the widow's son at Nain he commands the dead man to 'Arise'—a direct verbal/functional parallel in which Jesus issues the life-restoring command.
- Mark 5:41-42 (verbal): Jesus' raising of Jairus' daughter with the words 'Talitha kum' (Little girl, I say to you, arise) parallels the imperative power exercised over death in John 11:44.
- Ezekiel 37:12-14 (allusion): The vision of the valley of dry bones—God saying 'I will open your graves' and bring the dead to life—serves as an Old Testament backdrop and thematic allusion to resurrection/unbinding in Lazarus' return.
- 1 Corinthians 15:55-57 (thematic): Paul's triumphant language over death ('O death, where is your sting? ... thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ') echoes the theological significance of Jesus' act in defeating death by raising Lazarus.
Alternative generated candidates
- The man who had died came out, his hands and feet bound with strips of linen, and his face wrapped with a cloth. Jesus said to them, "Unbind him, and let him go."
- The dead man came out, his hands and feet bound with burial cloths, and his face wrapped with a cloth. Jesus said to them, "Unbind him, and let him go."
Jesus was again deeply moved in spirit, and he came to the tomb. Now the tomb was a cave, and a stone lay against the entrance.
Jesus said, 'Take away the stone.' Martha, the sister of the dead man, said to him, 'Lord, by now he will have a stench; he has been dead four days.'
Jesus said to her, 'Did I not tell you that if you believe you will see the glory of God?' So they took away the stone. And Jesus lifted up his eyes and said, 'Father, I thank you that you have heard me.'
I knew that you always hear me, but I said this on account of the people standing here, so that they may believe that you sent me.
When he had said this, he cried with a loud voice, 'Lazarus, come out!'
The dead man came out, his hands and feet bound with grave-cloths, and his face wrapped with a cloth. Jesus said to them, 'Unbind him, and let him go.'