Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship
Matthew 16:21-28
Matt.16.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Απο: PREP
- τοτε: ADV
- ηρξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δεικνυειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,m
- μαθηταις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,3,m
- οτι: CONJ
- δει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m,3
- εις: PREP
- Ιεροσολυμα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- απελθειν: VERB,aor,mid,inf
- και: CONJ
- πολλα: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- παθειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- απο: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- πρεσβυτερων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αρχιερεων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- γραμματεων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αποκτανθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
- και: CONJ
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- τριτη: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εγερθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
Parallels
- Mark 8:31 (verbal): Almost identical prediction: Jesus begins to teach that the Son of Man must suffer, be rejected by the elders, chief priests and scribes, be killed and after three days rise again (close verbal and narrative parallel).
- Luke 9:22 (verbal): Parallel wording in Luke: Jesus tells the disciples that the Son of Man must suffer many things, be rejected, be killed and on the third day be raised—same prediction phrased similarly.
- Matthew 17:22-23 (structural): A repeated prediction within Matthew: Jesus again tells the disciples of his forthcoming betrayal, death and resurrection on the third day, reinforcing the same theme in the Gospel's structure.
- John 2:19-21 (thematic): Jesus speaks of raising the temple in three days (interpreted as his body), an allusion to his death and resurrection after three days—thematically parallels the 'third day' resurrection motif.
- Acts 2:25-32 (quoting Psalm 16:8-11) (quotation): Peter cites Psalm 16 to argue that God raised Jesus from the dead and did not abandon him to Hades—an early Christian interpretation of Scripture used to validate the resurrection Jesus predicted in Matthew 16:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- From that time Jesus began to explain to his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised on the third day.
- From that time Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised.
Matt.16.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- προσλαβομενος: VERB,aor,mid,ptc,nom,sg,m
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m,3
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ηρξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- επιτιμαν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- λεγων·Ιλεως: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- κυριε·ου: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- μη: PART
- εσται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- τουτο: PRON,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Mark 8:32 (verbal): Peter takes Jesus aside and begins to rebuke him after Jesus predicts his suffering and death — wording and action closely parallel Matthew 16:22.
- Mark 8:33 (structural): Immediate counterpart where Jesus sharply rebukes Peter ('Get behind me, Satan'), paralleling Matthew's immediate continuation (Matt. 16:23) and showing the same conflict between Peter and Jesus over the prediction.
- Luke 9:22 (thematic): Luke records the same prediction that the Son of Man must suffer, be killed, and be raised on the third day; parallels Matthew 16:21–22 in theme and narrative context (disciples' reaction to the prediction).
- Isaiah 53:7 (allusion): The prediction of Jesus' suffering and submission to death resonates with the Suffering Servant motif (e.g., 'like a lamb led to the slaughter'), which Peter's rebuke resists — a thematic Old Testament parallel to the passion prediction.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him, saying, 'God forbid, Lord! This shall never happen to you.'
- Then Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him, saying, "Far be it from you, Lord! This shall never happen to you."
Matt.16.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- στραφεις: VERB,aor,pass,ptc,nom,sg,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Πετρω·Υπαγε: PROPN,dat,sg,m+VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg
- οπισω: ADV
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- Σατανα·σκανδαλον: NOUN,voc,sg,m+NOUN,nom,sg,n
- ει: COND
- εμου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- οτι: CONJ
- ου: PART
- φρονεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- τα: ART,nom,pl,neut
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- αλλα: CONJ
- τα: ART,nom,pl,neut
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ανθρωπων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Mark 8:33 (verbal): Direct synoptic parallel: Jesus rebukes Peter with the same words, calling him 'Satan' and accusing him of thinking not God's thoughts but men's.
- Luke 4:8 (verbal): Jesus uses the same phrase ('Get behind me, Satan') when resisting the devil in the wilderness; parallels the language of confronting satanic/redemptive opposition.
- Matthew 4:10 (verbal): In the temptation narrative Jesus tells Satan to depart/away with you—same formulaic address to 'Satan,' linking Peter's words/actions to satanic opposition to God's will.
- Romans 14:13 (thematic): Uses the related concept of 'stumbling block' (scandalon); thematically connects Jesus' charge that Peter is a scandal/obstacle to God's purposes with NT moral concern about causing others to stumble.
Alternative generated candidates
- But he turned and said to Peter, 'Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me; for you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of men.'
- But he turned and said to Peter, "Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me; for you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of men."
Matt.16.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Τοτε: ADV
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,m
- μαθηταις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- αυτου·Ει: PRON,gen,sg,m
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- θελει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- οπισω: ADV
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- ελθειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- απαρνησασθω: VERB,aor,mid,imp,3,sg
- εαυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- αρατω: VERB,pres,act,imp,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- σταυρον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,3,m
- και: CONJ
- ακολουθειτω: VERB,pres,act,imp,3,sg
- μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
Parallels
- Mark 8:34 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel in Mark: Jesus calls disciples to deny themselves, take up their cross and follow him—same threefold summons.
- Luke 9:23 (verbal): Luke's close parallel: the injunction to deny oneself, take up the cross daily, and follow Jesus (daily emphasizes ongoing demand).
- Matthew 10:38 (verbal): Within Matthew: reiteration that whoever does not take up his cross and follow Jesus is not worthy of him—same cross-following motif.
- Luke 14:27 (verbal): Luke's teaching in the context of discipleship cost: whoever does not carry his own cross and follow Jesus cannot be his disciple—same image of carrying the cross as criterion for discipleship.
- Galatians 2:20 (thematic): Paulic expression of union with Christ in crucifixion—'I have been crucified with Christ' parallels the self-denial and dying-to-self implied by taking up the cross and following Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Jesus said to his disciples, 'If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me.
- Then Jesus said to his disciples, "If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me."
Matt.16.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ος: PRO,nom,sg,m
- γαρ: CONJ
- εαν: CONJ
- θελη: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ψυχην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,3,m
- σωσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- απολεσει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτην·ος: PRON,acc,sg,f
- δ᾽αν: PART
- απολεση: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ψυχην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,3,m
- ενεκεν: PREP,gen
- εμου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- ευρησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Matt.10.39 (verbal): Nearly identical saying earlier in Matthew: whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for Jesus' sake will find it—direct verbal parallel within the same Gospel.
- Mark 8:35 (verbal): Close Synoptic parallel: whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for the gospel’s sake will save it—same contrast of saving/losing life.
- Luke 9:24 (verbal): Synoptic parallel with the same formulation: whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for Christ’s sake will save it—verbal and thematic correspondence.
- John 12:25 (thematic): Similar Johannine teaching: whoever loves his life loses it, and whoever hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life—different wording but same paradoxical principle about losing/saving life.
- Luke 17:33 (thematic): Related teaching on the paradox of life and death: whoever seeks to preserve his life will lose it, and whoever loses it will preserve it—echoes the same moral/theological contrast.
Alternative generated candidates
- For whoever would save his life will lose it; and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.
- For whoever would save his life will lose it; and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.
Matt.16.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τι: ADV
- γαρ: CONJ
- ωφεληθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- ανθρωπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εαν: CONJ
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- κοσμον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ολον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- κερδηση: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- ψυχην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,3,m
- ζημιωθη: VERB,aor,pass,subj,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- τι: ADV
- δωσει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- ανθρωπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ανταλλαγμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ψυχης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,3,m
Parallels
- Mark 8:36-37 (verbal): Direct synoptic parallel with nearly identical wording: asks what profit there is in gaining the whole world if one forfeits his soul and what can be given in exchange for it.
- Luke 9:25 (verbal): Luke's version of the same saying: a close verbal parallel about the futility of gaining the world at the cost of oneself.
- Psalm 49:7-9 (thematic): Wisdom-poem motif that wealth cannot ransom a life or secure one before God—echoes the claim that worldly gain cannot buy or preserve the soul.
- Luke 12:20-21 (thematic): Parable of the rich fool: though he amassed wealth, his life is demanded at once—thematically parallels the warning that worldly gain can coincide with losing one's life/soul.
Alternative generated candidates
- For what will it profit a person if he gains the whole world and forfeits his soul? Or what can a person give in exchange for his soul?
- For what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world and forfeits his life? Or what can a man give in exchange for his life?
Matt.16.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- μελλει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ερχεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,inf
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- δοξη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πατρος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,3,m
- μετα: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αγγελων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,3,m
- και: CONJ
- τοτε: ADV
- αποδωσει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- εκαστω: ADJ,dat,sg,m
- κατα: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- πραξιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,3,m
Parallels
- Mark 8:38 (verbal): Nearly identical wording: the Son of Man will come in the glory of his Father with his angels and will repay each according to his deeds (Mark is the closest synoptic parallel).
- Luke 9:26 (verbal): Synoptic parallel: Jesus speaks of the Son of Man coming in the Father's glory with angels and the consequences for those who deny him—similar phrasing and theme.
- Matthew 25:31-46 (thematic): Apocalyptic judgment scene where the Son of Man comes in glory to judge the nations and renders recompense—connects the coming in glory with judgment according to deeds.
- Revelation 22:12 (verbal): Echoes the promise of coming with recompense: 'Behold, I am coming soon, and my reward is with me, to repay each one according to what he has done,' closely matching Matt 16:27's language and theme.
- Romans 2:6 (thematic): Paulic statement that God 'will repay each person according to his works' parallels the ethical/eschatological principle of recompense found in Matthew 16:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the Son of Man is coming in the glory of his Father with his angels, and then he will repay each one according to his deeds.
- For the Son of Man is coming with his angels in the glory of his Father, and then he will repay each according to his deeds.
Matt.16.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αμην: PART
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- τινες: PRON,nom,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ωδε: ADV
- εστωτων: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,pl,m
- οιτινες: PRON,nom,pl,m
- ου: PART
- μη: PART
- γευσωνται: VERB,aor,mid,subj,3,pl
- θανατου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εως: CONJ
- αν: PART
- ιδωσιν: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,pl
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- υιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ερχομενον: VERB,pres,mid,part,acc,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- βασιλεια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,3,m
Parallels
- Mark 9:1 (verbal): Closely parallel wording in Mark: Jesus says some standing here will not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom — nearly identical promise.
- Luke 9:27 (verbal): Parallel saying in Luke with similar form and meaning (some present will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God), emphasizing the same expectation.
- Daniel 7:13 (allusion): The image of the 'Son of Man coming' echoes Daniel's 'one like a son of man coming with the clouds,' providing an Old Testament background for Jesus' eschatological kingship.
- 1 Corinthians 15:51-52 (thematic): Paul's teaching that not all will 'sleep' (die) but will be changed at the last trumpet resonates with Matthew's idea that some will not taste death before witnessing the eschatological coming/transformation.
- Acts 1:9-11 (structural): The ascension account and the angels' promise that Jesus will return 'in the same way' connects to the expectation of the Son of Man's coming described in Matthew 16:28.
Alternative generated candidates
- Truly I tell you, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.'
- Truly I tell you, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.
From that time Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go up to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised.
Then Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him, saying, 'Far be it from you, Lord! This shall never happen to you.' But he turned and said to Peter, 'Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me; for you set your mind not on the things of God but on the things of men.'
Then Jesus said to his disciples, 'If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me.'
'For whoever would save his life will lose it; and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.'
'For what will it profit a person to gain the whole world and forfeit his soul? Or what can a person give in exchange for his soul?'
'For the Son of Man is to come with his angels in the glory of his Father, and then he will repay every one according to his deeds.' And he said to them, 'Truly I tell you, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.'