The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened
Revelation 11:15-19
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Rev.11.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εβδομος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- αγγελος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εσαλπισεν·και: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εγενοντο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,pl
- φωναι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- μεγαλαι: ADJ,nom,pl,f
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- λεγοντες·Εγενετο: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- βασιλεια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κοσμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- και: CONJ
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- βασιλευσει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- αιωνας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αιωνων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Revelation 12:10 (verbal): Announces 'the kingdom of our God and the power of his Christ'—almost identical wording celebrating the arrival/establishment of God's and Christ's rule.
- Daniel 7:13-14 (thematic): The Son of Man is given everlasting dominion and glory—background OT vision of universal, eternal kingship that Revelation applies to Christ.
- Daniel 2:44 (thematic): God establishes a kingdom that will supplant all earthly kingdoms and endure forever—parallels the claim that 'the kingdoms of this world' have become God's kingdom.
- Revelation 5:10 (verbal): The Lamb 'has made us a kingdom and priests' and promises to reign—shared coronation language linking Christ's enthronement to the reign of believers and eternal rule.
- Psalm 2:6-9 (allusion): Divine enthronement of the king and granting of the nations—an Old Testament coronation motif echoed in the proclamation of Christ's universal reign.
Alternative generated candidates
- The seventh angel blew his trumpet, and loud voices rang out in heaven: “The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ, and he shall reign forever and ever.”
- Then the seventh angel blew his trumpet, and loud voices were heard in heaven, saying, "The kingdoms of the world have become the kingdoms of our Lord and of his Christ, and he will reign forever and ever."
Rev.11.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εικοσι: NUM,card
- τεσσαρες: NUM,card
- πρεσβυτεροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- ενωπιον: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- καθημενοι: PTCP,pres,mid,nom,pl,m
- επι: PREP
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- θρονους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- επεσαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- επι: PREP
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- προσωπα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- προσεκυνησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 4:10 (verbal): The same twenty-four elders are described falling down before God and worshiping; nearly identical posture and setting (elders seated on thrones before God).
- Revelation 5:8-14 (thematic): The elders again prostrate themselves and lead heavenly worship—casting crowns, singing hymnic praises to the Lamb—an expanded liturgical scene paralleling Rev 11:16's act of worship.
- 1 Chronicles 29:20 (verbal): After David's prayer the assembly 'fell on their faces, and worshiped and praised the LORD,' echoing the language and posture of falling on the face to worship God in an Old Testament context.
- Isaiah 6:1-3 (allusion): A prophetic vision of the heavenly throne where celestial beings declare God's holiness and provoke worship; provides an archetypal backdrop for Revelation's throne-room worship and the motif of prostration before God.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the twenty-four elders who sit on their thrones before God fell on their faces and worshiped God,
- And the twenty-four elders who sat on their thrones before God fell on their faces and worshiped God,
Rev.11.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- λεγοντες·Ευχαριστουμεν: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m; VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- κυριε: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- παντοκρατωρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- ειληφας: VERB,perf,act,ind,2,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- δυναμιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- μεγαλην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εβασιλευσας: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
Parallels
- Revelation 19:6 (verbal): Both passages use the title 'Lord God Almighty' (ho kurios ho theos ho pantokrator) and a proclamation that God reigns—an exalted, liturgical acclamation of divine kingship.
- Revelation 4:8 (verbal): The four living creatures cry 'Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty' and use temporality of God's being ('who was and is and is to come'), echoing the wording and worship setting of Rev 11:17.
- Revelation 1:8 (verbal): The formula 'who is and who was (and who is to come)' and the claim of the Almighty appear here as a self‑designation, matching the temporal titles and the attribution of omnipotence in 11:17.
- Daniel 7:13-14 (allusion): Daniel's vision grants one 'dominion, glory and a kingdom' and an everlasting reign—background for Revelation's theme that God (and his rule) has taken power and begun to reign.
- Psalm 47:7-8 (thematic): A psalmic enthronement hymn ('God reigns over the nations; God sits on his holy throne') that parallels the thanksgiving motif for God's assumption of sovereign rule in Rev 11:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- saying, “We give you thanks, Lord God Almighty, who is and who was, for you have taken to yourself your great power and begun to reign.
- saying, "We give you thanks, Lord God Almighty, who is and who was, because you have taken your great power and begun to reign."
Rev.11.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εθνη: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- ωργισθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- ηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- οργη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- καιρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- νεκρων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- κριθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
- και: CONJ
- δουναι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- μισθον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- δουλοις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- προφηταις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- αγιοις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- φοβουμενοις: PART,pres,mp,dat,pl,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ονομα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- μικρους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- μεγαλους: ADJ,acc,pl,masc,pos
- και: CONJ
- διαφθειραι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- διαφθειροντας: PART,pres,act,acc,pl,m
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Psalm 2:1-5 (verbal): The motif and language of the nations raging against God echo Psalm 2's 'Why do the nations rage?', framing divine anger and sovereign response.
- Revelation 20:12 (verbal): Same eschatological scene of the dead being judged ('the dead were judged according to their works'); closely parallels the wording and judicial motif in Rev 11:18.
- Romans 2:5-6 (thematic): Paul speaks of God's revealed wrath and that God 'will render to each one according to his deeds,' resonating with Rev 11:18's announcement of judgment and reward.
- Matthew 25:31-46 (thematic): The final judgment scene—separation of righteous and wicked and bestowal of reward or punishment—parallels Rev 11:18's commissioning to judge the dead and reward God's servants (both 'small and great').
- Isaiah 24:4-6 (allusion): Isaiah depicts the earth as defiled by its inhabitants and subject to judgment; this prophetically resonates with Rev 11:18's pledge to 'destroy those who destroy the earth.'
Alternative generated candidates
- The nations were enraged, but your wrath has come, and the time has come to judge the dead and to reward your servants the prophets and the saints and those who fear your name, both small and great, and to destroy those who destroy the earth.”
- The nations were enraged, and your wrath has come; the time has come to judge the dead, to reward your servants the prophets and the saints and those who fear your name—both small and great—and to destroy those who destroy the earth.
Rev.11.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ηνοιγη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ναος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ωφθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- κιβωτος: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- διαθηκης: NOUN,gen,sg,fem
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ναω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- αυτου·και: PRON,gen,sg,m
- εγενοντο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,pl
- αστραπαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- φωναι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- βρονται: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- σεισμος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- χαλαζα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
Parallels
- Revelation 15:5-8 (verbal): Immediate parallel in Revelation: the heavenly temple is opened, the ark of the covenant is seen, and the same phenomena — flashes (lightnings), voices, thunderings, an earthquake, and great hail — accompany the vision.
- Exodus 25:10-22 (thematic): Earliest description and theological significance of the ark of the covenant as God's throne/footstool in the holy place; provides background for the ark's presence in the heavenly temple imagery.
- Exodus 19:16-19 (allusion): Theophanic motifs (thunder, lightning, smoke, earthquake) at Sinai parallel the cosmic signs accompanying God's presence when the heavenly temple is opened in Revelation.
- 1 Kings 8:10-11 (structural): When the ark was brought into Solomon's temple, the glory of the LORD filled the house and the priests could not stand — structurally similar to the unveiling of God's dwelling and the ark in the temple in Revelation.
- Revelation 4:5 (verbal): Uses similar language of 'lightnings, voices, and thunderings' proceeding from the throne, echoing the same auditory and visual divine manifestations present when the heavenly temple and ark are revealed.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then God’s temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was revealed within his temple. And there were flashes of lightning, voices, peals of thunder, an earthquake, and great hail.
- Then God's temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple; and there were flashes of lightning, voices, peals of thunder, an earthquake, and heavy hail.
The seventh angel sounded, and there were loud voices in heaven, saying, “The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ, and he will reign for ever and ever.” And the twenty-four elders who sit before God on their thrones fell on their faces and worshiped God,
saying, “We give you thanks, Lord God Almighty, who is and who was, for you have taken your great power and have begun to reign.”
The nations were enraged, and your wrath has come; the time has come for the dead to be judged, for you to reward your servants, the prophets and the saints, and all who fear your name, both small and great, and to destroy those who destroy the earth.
Then the temple of God that is in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple. There were flashes of lightning, voices, peals of thunder, an earthquake, and great hail.