Job's Righteousness and Prosperity
Job 1:1-5
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Job.1.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- עוץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- תם: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- וישר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וסר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מרע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 6:9 (verbal): Noah is described as 'righteous' and 'blameless' and as one who 'walked with God,' language and motifs that parallel Job's characterization as blameless/upright and God‑fearing.
- Psalm 15:2 (verbal): The psalmist speaks of one who 'walks blamelessly' and practices righteousness—phrasing that closely echoes Job's 'blameless and upright' moral portrait.
- Proverbs 1:7 (thematic): Job is noted for his 'fear of God'; Proverbs declares 'the fear of the LORD' as foundational to wisdom and right living, linking piety and ethical behavior as in Job 1:1.
- Psalm 34:14 (verbal): The injunction to 'depart from evil' (or 'turn away from evil') corresponds directly to Job's description of turning away from evil—similar ethical language.
- Ecclesiastes 7:29 (thematic): Says God 'made man upright,' a theme of uprightness that resonates with Job's portrayal as an upright person, while the context reflects on human deviation from that ideal.
Alternative generated candidates
- There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job. That man was blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil.
- There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job. That man was blameless and upright; he feared God and turned away from evil.
Job.1.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויולדו: VERB,niphal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושלוש: CONJ+NUM,f,sg
- בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Job 42:13 (verbal): Exact repetition at the book's conclusion: Job is again said to have seven sons and three daughters after his restoration.
- Psalm 127:3-5 (thematic): Children presented as a divine blessing and heritage; the passage celebrates numerous offspring as a sign of God's favor, like Job's many children.
- Psalm 128:3 (thematic): Speaks of a fruitful household—'your children will be like olive shoots'—echoing the theme of familial blessing and offspring found in Job 1:2.
- Genesis 5:4 (structural): Uses the common genealogical formula ('and he had other sons and daughters'), paralleling Job 1:2's concise reporting of offspring as part of biblical genealogical/biographical notices.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to him were born seven sons and three daughters.
- He had seven sons and three daughters.
Job.1.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מקנהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- אלפי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושלשת: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אלפי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- גמלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- צמד: NOUN,m,sg,const
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אתונות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועבדה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רבה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- מאד: ADV
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- מכל: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- קדם: NOUN,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- Genesis 13:2 (thematic): Abram described as very rich in livestock, silver, and gold—parallel theme of patriarchal wealth as a sign of blessing and status.
- Genesis 24:35 (verbal): The servant summarizes Abraham’s wealth with a list (flocks, herds, silver, gold, servants, camels, donkeys), closely echoing Job’s enumeration of livestock and servants.
- Genesis 26:13 (thematic): Isaac becomes rich with flocks, herds, and many servants—another instance of ancestral prosperity portrayed by similar possessions and social standing.
- Genesis 30:43 (verbal): Jacob’s extraordinary increase is described with explicit mention of flocks, servants, camels, and donkeys, mirroring the concrete inventory in Job 1:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- His livestock were seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen, five hundred female donkeys, and very many servants; and he was the greatest of all the people of the East.
- His possessions were seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen, five hundred female donkeys, and very many servants; and he was the greatest of all the people of the East.
Job.1.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והלכו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ועשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- משתה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יומו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+prs3ms
- ושלחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- וקראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לשלשת: NUM,f,pl,cons
- אחיותיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לאכל: INF,qal
- ולשתות: VERB,qal,inf
- עמהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Judges 14:10 (structural): Samson's wedding feast is held in his father's house with invited companions for a multi-day celebration—paralleling the household-centered, male-led feasting and social invitation pattern in Job 1:4.
- Esther 1:3-4 (thematic): Ahasuerus hosts extended, province-wide banquets and calls many to eat and drink—a parallel instance of large, social feasting and formal invitations in a Near Eastern royal/household context.
- Ecclesiastes 9:7-9 (thematic): An exhortation to 'eat your bread with joy' and enjoy food and drink with loved ones echoes the everyday domestic celebration and communal enjoyment depicted in Job 1:4.
- Luke 15:23 (thematic): The celebratory family feast on the prodigal son's return ("kill the fatted calf…let us eat and be merry") parallels Job's depiction of familial feasting as an expression of communal joy and hospitality.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his sons would go and hold a feast in each man's house on his day, and they would send and summon their three sisters to eat and drink with them.
- His sons would go and hold a feast in the house of each on his day, and they would send and invite their three sisters to eat and drink with them.
Job.1.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- הקיפו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- המשתה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- איוב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ויקדשם: VERB,hiphil,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- והשכים: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בבקר: PREP
- והעלה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עלות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- איוב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אולי: ADV
- חטאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- וברכו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בלבבם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp-suf
- ככה: ADV
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- איוב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- כל: DET
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:27-31 (thematic): Prescribes sin-offerings for unintentional sins of individuals/people — parallels Job's practice of offering sacrifices on behalf of his children because 'perhaps they have sinned.'
- Numbers 28:3-4 (structural): Describes the regular burnt offerings, including the morning offering — parallels Job's habit of rising early and offering burnt offerings for his family.
- Exodus 32:30-32 (thematic): Moses' intercession and willingness to make atonement for a sinful people after their transgression (golden calf) — parallels Job's acts of sacrificial intercession on behalf of his children.
- 2 Chronicles 29:30-35 (allusion): Hezekiah consecrates the temple and offers sacrifices for the people, sanctifying them and making atonement — a close parallel to Job's ritual sanctification and continual offerings for his household.
Alternative generated candidates
- When the days of their feasting were completed, Job would send and consecrate them; rising early in the morning he would offer burnt offerings for each of them, for he said, “It may be that my sons have sinned and cursed God in their hearts.” Thus Job did continually.
- When the days of their feasting were ended, Job would send and consecrate them; and rising early in the morning he offered burnt offerings for each of them, for Job said, "It may be that my sons have sinned and cursed God in their hearts." Thus Job did continually.
There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job. That man was blameless and upright, a man who feared God and turned away from evil.
He had seven sons and three daughters.
His possessions were seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen, five hundred female donkeys, and very many servants; and he was the greatest of all the people of the East.
His sons would go and hold a feast in the house of each on his day, and they would send and invite their three sisters to eat and drink with them.
When the days of their feasting had gone by, Job would send and consecrate them; and he rose early in the morning and offered burnt offerings according to the number of them all, for he said, “It may be that my sons have sinned and cursed God in their hearts.” Thus Job did continually.