Peter's Denial Fulfilled
Luke 22:54-62
Luke.22.54 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Συλλαβοντες: PART,aor,act,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- ηγαγον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- εισηγαγον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- οικιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρχιερεως·ο: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ηκολουθει: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- μακροθεν: ADV
Parallels
- Matthew 26:57-58 (verbal): Like Luke 22:54, Matthew reports that those who seized Jesus led him to the high priest’s house and that Peter followed at a distance (26:58).
- Mark 14:53-54 (verbal): Mark parallels Luke’s sequence: Jesus is taken to the high priest, and Peter follows at a distance into the courtyard (14:53–54).
- John 18:12-16 (thematic): John recounts the arrest and bringing of Jesus to the Jewish authorities and notes that Simon Peter followed (with another disciple), standing outside while the other entered—paralleling Peter’s distant following in Luke.
Alternative generated candidates
- They seized him and led him away, bringing him into the high priest’s house.
- They seized him and led him away, bringing him into the high priest's house.
Luke.22.55 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- περιαψαντων: VERB,aor,act,part,gen,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- πυρ: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- εν: PREP
- μεσω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- αυλης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- συγκαθισαντων: VERB,aor,act,part,gen,pl,m
- εκαθητο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- μεσος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Mark 14:54 (verbal): Same setting in the high priest’s courtyard—Peter follows, sits among the bystanders and warms himself by a fire; closely parallels Luke’s wording and placement in the passion narrative.
- Matthew 26:69 (verbal): Matthew recounts Peter sitting in the courtyard and warming himself before his denials, a close verbal and narrative parallel to Luke 22:55.
- John 18:18 (thematic): John describes Peter and another disciple standing and warming themselves in the high priest’s courtyard; parallels the location and action (warming by the fire) though with different narrative detail.
- Mark 14:66-72 (structural): Mark’s extended account immediately follows the courtyard scene with Peter’s three denials and the rooster crowing, paralleling Luke’s subsequent verses and the structural role of this scene in the passion narrative.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Peter followed at a distance. He went in and sat with the officers to see how it would end.
- But Peter followed at a distance.
Luke.22.56 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ιδουσα: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- παιδισκη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- καθημενον: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,acc,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- φως: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- ατενισασα: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,f
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ειπεν·Και: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- συν: PREP
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ην·: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Mark 14:66-67 (verbal): A servant girl sees Peter warming himself by the fire and says, “You also were with Jesus of Nazareth?” (close verbal and situational parallel leading to Peter’s denial).
- Matthew 26:69-70 (verbal): A servant girl identifies Peter as being with Jesus (“You also were with Jesus of Galilee?”); parallels in wording and the denial sequence.
- John 18:17-18 (verbal): A maid at the door sees Peter warming himself and asks, “You also are not one of this man’s disciples?” (same scene detail—warming by the fire—and resulting denial).
- Luke 22:57-58 (structural): Immediate Lukan continuation: another bystander insists Peter was with Jesus, Peter denies, and the rooster crows—shows the local sequence and escalation of accusations in Luke’s narrative.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the servants and officers had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and were sitting together; and Peter sat with them.
- They had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat down together; Peter sat among them.
Luke.22.57 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- ηρνησατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- λεγων·Ουκ: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- οιδα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- γυναι: NOUN,voc,sg,f
Parallels
- Mark 14:66-72 (verbal): Mark recounts the same scene with a servant girl confronting Peter and Peter denying Jesus with similar language ('I neither know nor understand what you are talking about'), forming part of the threefold denial sequence.
- Matthew 26:69-75 (verbal): Matthew gives a parallel account of Peter's denials; the setting and Peter's repeated denials ('I do not know the man') closely mirror Luke 22:57.
- John 18:25 (verbal): John records Peter's third denial using similar words ('I am not'), and the pattern of interrogation by a maid/servant that prompts Peter's denial is present in John as well.
- Luke 22:58 (structural): The very next verse in Luke continues the denial sequence ('he denied it'), completing the immediate threefold denial pattern and echoing the same formulaic denial language.
Alternative generated candidates
- A servant girl, seeing him seated at the fire, looked intently at him and said, "This man was with him."
- A servant girl saw him sitting in the light, stared at him, and said, 'This man was with him.'
Luke.22.58 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- μετα: PREP
- βραχυ: ADV
- ετερος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ιδων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- εφη·Και: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- συ: PRON,nom,sg,2
- εξ: PREP
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- ει·ο: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- δε: CONJ
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εφη·Ανθρωπε: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
Parallels
- Luke 22:34 (structural): Jesus predicts that Peter will deny him three times before the rooster crows; Luke 22:58 is one instance of those predicted denials (fulfillment of the prediction).
- Luke 22:57 (verbal): The immediately preceding denial in Luke's narrative—another bystander accuses Peter of being with Jesus and Peter denies it, forming the sequence of denials.
- Luke 22:59-60 (structural): The subsequent denial(s) and the rooster's crow in Luke complete the threefold denial sequence that includes 22:58.
- Matthew 26:69-75 (verbal): Synoptic parallel: Matthew recounts Peter's three denials with similar accusatory questions, denials, and the rooster crowing, ending with Peter's bitter weeping.
- John 18:25-27 (verbal): John's account of Peter's denials parallels Luke 22:58 in content—bystanders question Peter's association with Jesus, Peter denies it, and the episode culminates with the rooster's crow.
Alternative generated candidates
- But he denied it, saying, "Woman, I do not know him."
- But he denied it, saying, 'Woman, I do not know him.'
Luke.22.59 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- διαστασης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ωσει: ADV
- ωρας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- μιας: NUM,gen,sg,f
- αλλος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- διισχυριζετο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- λεγων·Επ᾽αληθειας: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- μετ᾽αυτου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,m
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- γαρ: PART
- Γαλιλαιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εστιν·: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 26:73 (verbal): Bystanders assert Peter is one of Jesus' followers, identifying him by his Galilean speech—closely parallels Luke's line accusing someone of being with Jesus because 'he is a Galilean.'
- Mark 14:70-71 (verbal): Parallel account of the same episode: an onlooker insists Peter is 'one of them' because 'you are a Galilean,' explicitly linking regional speech/dialect to identification.
- John 18:25-27 (thematic): John gives a parallel sequence of Peter's denials in the high priest's courtyard; though John varies details, it echoes the same theme of bystanders recognizing and accusing Peter of association with Jesus.
- Luke 22:58 (structural): Immediate continuation in Luke's narrative—this verse records the other bystander's claim, and 22:58 records Peter's direct denial, forming the structural unit of the second denial in Luke's pericope.
Alternative generated candidates
- A little later someone else saw him and said, "You also are one of them." But Peter said, "Man, I am not."
- A little while later someone else saw him and said, 'You are surely one of them; for you are a Galilean.'
Luke.22.60 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Πετρος·Ανθρωπε: NOUN,nom/voc,sg,m
- ουκ: PART,neg
- οιδα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- λεγεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- και: CONJ
- παραχρημα: ADV
- ετι: ADV
- λαλουντος: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,sg,masc
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- εφωνησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αλεκτωρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 26:74-75 (verbal): Matthew gives a parallel account of Peter's denial and the immediate crowing of the rooster, with similar sequence and wording and the motif of Peter breaking down and weeping.
- Mark 14:68-72 (verbal): Mark recounts the three denials and the rooster crowing that follows, closely paralleling Luke's timing and dramatic detail of Peter's failure.
- John 18:25-27 (verbal): John records Peter's denials in the courtyard and the rooster crowing after the third denial, paralleling the event and its timing in Luke 22:60.
- Luke 22:34 (structural): Earlier in Luke Jesus predicts that Peter will deny him three times before the rooster crows; Luke 22:60 is the fulfillment of that earlier prediction.
Alternative generated candidates
- After about an hour another confidently asserted, "Certainly this man was with him; for he too is a Galilean."
- But he began to curse and to swear, 'I do not know the man.'
Luke.22.61 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- στραφεις: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- κυριος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ενεβλεψεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Πετρω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- υπεμνησθη: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- λογου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ως: ADV
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- Πριν: ADV
- αλεκτορα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- φωνησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- σημερον: ADV
- απαρνηση: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- τρις: ADV
Parallels
- Matthew 26:34 (quotation): Jesus predicts that Peter will deny him three times before the rooster crows — the same prophetic saying Peter remembers in Luke 22:61.
- Mark 14:30 (quotation): Mark records the identical prediction that Peter will deny Jesus three times before the rooster crows, a verbal parallel to Luke's report.
- John 13:38 (quotation): In John Jesus tells Peter before the Passion that he will deny him three times before the rooster crows; the Johannine setting supplies another occurrence of the prediction Peter recalls.
- Matthew 26:75 (verbal): Matthew describes the fulfillment: the rooster crows, Peter remembers Jesus' word and weeps — parallel to Luke's depiction of Peter remembering the Lord's prediction.
- Mark 14:72 (verbal): Mark recounts the rooster crowing and Peter remembering Jesus' saying and weeping bitterly, closely paralleling Luke's account of Peter's recollection.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. Then Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, "Before the rooster crows today, you will deny me three times."
- And immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed.
Luke.22.62 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εξελθων: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- εξω: ADV
- εκλαυσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- πικρως: ADV
Parallels
- Matthew 26:75 (verbal): Parallel account of Peter’s third denial with nearly identical wording—Peter goes out and ‘wept bitterly’ (direct verbal parallel).
- Mark 14:72 (verbal): Mark’s version records the same sequence and the same closing phrase—Peter’s denial ends with him leaving and weeping bitterly (verbal parallel).
- Luke 22:61 (structural): Immediate context in Luke: after the rooster crowed Jesus turned and looked at Peter (the provocation), which explains the ensuing bitter weeping in 22:62 (causal/structural link).
- John 21:15-17 (thematic): Post‑resurrection scene in which Jesus restores Peter—thematically linked as the resolution to Peter’s earlier remorse and bitter weeping, showing repentance followed by reinstatement.
Alternative generated candidates
- He went out and wept bitterly.
- The Lord turned and looked at Peter; and Peter remembered the word of the Lord. He went out and wept bitterly.
They seized him and led him away, bringing him into the high priest’s house; but Peter followed at a distance.
When they had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and had sat down together, Peter sat among them.
A servant girl saw him as he sat by the fire, looked at him, and said, 'This man was also with him.' But he denied it, saying, 'Woman, I do not know him.'
After a little while another saw him and said, 'You also are one of them.' But Peter said, 'Man, I am not.'
About an hour later another man insisted, saying, 'Certainly this man was with him; for he is a Galilean.' But Peter said, 'Man, I do not know what you mean.' And immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed.
The Lord turned and looked at Peter, and Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, 'Before the rooster crows today you will deny me three times.' And Peter went out and wept bitterly.