Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta
Acts 27:27-44
Acts.27.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ως: CONJ
- δε: CONJ
- τεσσαρεσκαιδεκατη: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- νυξ: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- διαφερομενων: PART,pres,pass,gen,pl,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Αδρια: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- κατα: PREP
- μεσον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- νυκτος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- υπενοουν: VERB,impf,act,ind,1,sg
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- ναυται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- προσαγειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- τινα: PRON,acc,sg,m
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- χωραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Jonah 1:4 (thematic): A sudden storm at sea threatening a vessel and its crew; both narratives feature sailors facing a perilous, God‑permitted wind while a central figure (Jonah / Paul’s party) is aboard.
- Mark 4:37-38 (structural): A violent nighttime storm on open water with passengers terrified; like Acts 27:27 this passage frames maritime peril and human fear prior to divine intervention.
- Psalm 107:23-30 (allusion): Poetic account of sailors in danger on the sea who cry out to the Lord and are delivered; thematically parallels the seafaring peril, midnight danger, and hope for rescue in Acts 27.
- Acts 27:20 (verbal): Immediate narrative parallel within the same episode: earlier verse describes prolonged drifting with no sun or stars, providing the broader context for the fourteenth‑night, midnight reckoning in v.27.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now when the fourteenth night had come, as we were driven about in the Adriatic Sea, about midnight the sailors supposed that they were drawing near to some land.
- On the fourteenth night, as we were driven up and down in the Adriatic, about midnight the sailors suspected that they were drawing near some land;
Acts.27.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- βολισαντες: PART,aor,act,nom,pl,m
- ευρον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- οργυιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- εικοσι: NUM,card
- βραχυ: ADV
- δε: CONJ
- διαστησαντες: PART,aor,act,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- παλιν: ADV
- βολισαντες: PART,aor,act,nom,pl,m
- ευρον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- οργυιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- δεκαπεντε·: NUM,card
Parallels
- Acts 27:27-29 (structural): Immediate context of the same episode—consecutive verses describe the crew’s nautical operations (sounding, letting down, taking measures with anchors and boats) and show the same practice of measuring depth with the lead.
- Acts 27:39-44 (structural): Later verses in the same chapter show the outcome of the crew’s maneuvers (running the ship aground and the survivors’ landing), structurally linked to the prior soundings and depth measurements.
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): A poetic portrayal of sailors caught in a storm, God’s control of wind and sea, and deliverance—thematically parallel to Acts’ depiction of maritime peril and seamanship (including measures taken at sea).
- Jonah 1:4-5 (thematic): Narrative of a violent sea-storm and the sailors’ fearful response; thematically comparable as an Old Testament example of seafaring crisis and crew actions during a storm (casting lots, desperate measures).
- Mark 4:37-39 (thematic): Synoptic account of a sudden storm threatening a vessel and the crew’s alarm until Jesus stills the sea—parallels Acts’ depiction of sea-danger and human attempts to manage the vessel amid peril.
Alternative generated candidates
- So they took soundings and found twenty fathoms; and after a little while they took soundings again and found fifteen fathoms.
- and they sounded and found twenty fathoms; and a little farther on they sounded again and found fifteen fathoms.
Acts.27.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- φοβουμενοι: VERB,pres,mid,part,nom,m,pl
- τε: CONJ
- μη: PART
- που: ADV
- κατα: PREP
- τραχεις: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- τοπους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- εκπεσωμεν: VERB,aor,act,subj,1,pl
- εκ: PREP
- πρυμνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ριψαντες: PART,aor,act,nom,pl,m
- αγκυρας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- τεσσαρας: NUM,acc,pl,f
- ηυχοντο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,pl
- ημεραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- γενεσθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
Parallels
- Acts 27:18 (verbal): Same voyage narrative — crew throw ship’s tackle/gear overboard to lighten the ship in a tempest (verbal and situational parallel).
- Acts 27:41 (structural): Immediate narrative outcome to the fear expressed in 27:29: the ship is driven aground and broken, fulfilling the danger feared (structural continuation/of consequence).
- Jonah 1:5 (verbal): Sailors in a severe storm cast cargo/wares into the sea to lighten the ship; a closely parallel action and motive (verbal/thematic parallel).
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): Poetic depiction of sailors caught in a violent sea, fearing for life and crying to God for deliverance — thematically parallels the peril and fear in Acts 27:29.
- Luke 8:24-25 (thematic): Jesus’ disciples fear perishing in a storm on the sea; shares the motif of sudden maritime peril and human fear (Luke and Acts are by the same author, reinforcing thematic resonance).
Alternative generated candidates
- Fearing that we might run aground, they let down four anchors from the stern and prayed for day to come.
- Fearing that they might be dashed upon the rocks, they dropped four anchors from the stern and prayed for daylight.
Acts.27.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- ναυτων: NOUN,gen,pl,masc
- ζητουντων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,gen,pl,m
- φυγειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πλοιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- χαλασαντων: VERB,part,aor,act,gen,pl,masc
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- σκαφην: NOUN,acc,sg,fem
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- θαλασσαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- προφασει: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- ως: ADV
- εκ: PREP
- πρωρης: NOUN,gen,sg,fem
- αγκυρας: NOUN,gen,sg,fem
- μελλοντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,n
- εκτεινειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- Jonah 1:5-12 (thematic): Sailors' conduct in a life‑threatening storm: panic, attempts to save the vessel (throwing cargo), and decisional actions taken on board—parallels the shipboard crisis and sailors' self‑preserving measures in Acts 27.
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): Poetic description of those who 'go down to the sea in ships' and face storms, crying out to the Lord and experiencing divine intervention—shares the theme of maritime peril and human response to a violent sea.
- Acts 27:31 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel in the same episode: Paul rebukes the sailors/centurion for permitting the seamen to abandon ship, directly responding to the sailors' attempt described in v.30.
- Acts 27:41-44 (structural): Later verses in the same chapter record the shipwreck's outcome and the measures taken (the ship breaks up; passengers reach land), linking the sailors' attempt to flee (v.30) with the final resolution and actions that ensure survival.
- Luke 8:22-25 (thematic): Another New Testament storm‑at‑sea narrative where a boat is endangered and those on board fear for their lives; thematically parallels the peril, fear, and urgent human responses seen in Acts 27.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the sailors were seeking to escape from the ship and to leave the rest in it; they lowered the lifeboat into the sea under pretense of lowering anchors from the bow.
- The sailors were attempting to escape from the ship and had lowered the lifeboat into the sea under pretense of laying out anchors from the bow.
Acts.27.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Παυλος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- εκατονταρχη: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- στρατιωταις·Εαν: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- μη: PART
- ουτοι: PRO,nom,pl,m
- μεινωσιν: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,pl
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- πλοιω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- σωθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
- ου: PART,neg
- δυνασθε: VERB,pres,mid,ind,2,pl
Parallels
- Acts 27:23-24 (structural): An angelic assurance given to Paul that everyone on board would be saved—provides the promise that underlies Paul's command to remain in the ship.
- Acts 27:43 (structural): The narrative outcome: those on board (except the crew) were brought safely to land, confirming the practical effect of Paul's instruction to stay on the vessel.
- Genesis 7:1 (thematic): God's command to enter and remain in the ark so that Noah and his household would be saved from the flood—parallel theme of preservation by remaining in a ship-like vessel.
- Jonah 1:15 (thematic): Sailors throw Jonah into the sea to calm the storm and save the ship—contrasts with Acts where remaining with the prisoner/ship is the means of survival, highlighting different responses to maritime peril.
- Exodus 14:13-14 (thematic): Moses' command to 'stand firm' and see the Lord's salvation—similar motif of obedience/remaining in place coupled with assured deliverance in a crisis.
Alternative generated candidates
- The centurion, wishing to save Paul, stopped them and commanded the soldiers to cut the ropes of the lifeboat and let her go.
- Then the centurion gave orders to keep the men on board, that they might not let the sailors go.
Acts.27.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τοτε: ADV
- απεκοψαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- στρατιωται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- σχοινια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- σκαφης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ειασαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- εκπεσειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
Parallels
- Acts 27:19 (verbal): Same shipwreck episode: the crew throw the ship’s tackle and cargo overboard to lighten the vessel—closely related practical measures to save the ship as in v.32.
- Acts 27:40 (structural): Later in the same narrative the sailors take up anchors, loosen the rudders and set the ship adrift toward shore—another instance of releasing equipment to let the vessel drift to safety, paralleling the cutting of the skiff’s ropes.
- Jonah 1:5 (thematic): In an earlier biblical shipwreck story the sailors, fearful in the storm, cast the ship’s cargo into the sea to lighten it—a comparable motif of seafarers taking drastic measures to preserve the ship.
- Jonah 1:15 (thematic): The sailors’ decisive action of casting Jonah into the sea to calm the storm echoes the life-or-death choices and release of persons/objects to the sea found in Acts 27.
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): A poetic treatment of sailors in peril and God’s control of wind and waves; thematically parallels the motif of ships threatened by storms and actions taken to survive, the broader backdrop for Acts 27:32.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then as day was about to dawn, the mariners cut the anchors and left them in the sea and loosened the rudder ropes; and they hoisted the foresail to the wind and made for the shore.
- The soldiers, therefore, cut away the ropes of the lifeboat and let it fall off.
Acts.27.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Αχρι: PREP
- δε: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- ημελλεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- γινεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- παρεκαλει: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Παυλος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- απαντας: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- μεταλαβειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τροφης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- λεγων·Τεσσαρεσκαιδεκατην: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m|ADJ,acc,sg,f
- σημερον: ADV
- ημεραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- προσδοκωντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- ασιτοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- διατελειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- μηθεν: PRON,acc,sg,n
- προσλαβομενοι·: PART,aor,act,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Acts 27:34 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same scene: Paul gives thanks, breaks bread, and all take food — completes the action begun in v.33.
- Luke 9:16 (verbal): Lucan parallel of giving thanks and breaking bread before distributing food in a crisis (feeding narrative); similar wording and action (Luke and Acts share the same authorial tradition).
- 1 Corinthians 11:24 (allusion): Paul cites Jesus’ action of giving thanks and breaking bread when instituting the Lord’s Supper — Acts 27:34 echoes the formula of blessing/thanks before breaking bread in communal meals.
- Matthew 14:19 (thematic): Feeding-miracle scene where Jesus blesses, breaks, and distributes food to meet a pressing need; thematically parallels Paul’s giving thanks and distributing food to preserve life in a perilous situation.
Alternative generated candidates
- But as day was coming on, Paul exhorted them all to take food, saying, 'Today is the fourteenth day that you have continued in suspense and without sustenance, having gone without food.'
- As day was about to dawn, Paul urged them all to take food, saying, "This is for your preservation; for not a hair shall perish from the head of any of you."
Acts.27.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- διο: CONJ
- παρακαλω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- μεταλαβειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τροφης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- γαρ: PART
- προς: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- υμετερας: ADJ,gen,sg,f
- σωτηριας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- υπαρχει·ουδενος: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg;PRON,gen,sg,m,neg
- γαρ: PART
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- θριξ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- κεφαλης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- απολειται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Luke 21:18 (verbal): Jesus' assurance 'not a hair of your head will perish' is echoed almost verbatim in Acts 27:34 as a promise of individual preservation.
- Luke 12:7 (verbal): Lukan saying that 'the very hairs of your head are all numbered' expresses the same theme of God's intimate care and protection reflected in Acts 27:34.
- Matthew 10:30 (thematic): Jesus' remark that even the hairs of your head are numbered underlines the theme of divine providence and personal preservation which Acts 27:34 invokes to reassure the ship's company.
- Matthew 6:25-34 (thematic): Jesus' teaching not to worry about life and God's provision (trust in God's care for bodily needs) parallels Paul's appeal to eat for their survival and trust in preservation.
- Acts 27:23-24 (structural): Immediate context: the angelic promise to Paul that no lives would be lost (you must stand before Caesar) structurally underpins and connects with the reassurance in 27:34 that none of them will lose a hair.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore I urge you to take nourishment; for this is for your preservation—no hair from the heads of you all will perish.'
- Having said this, he took bread and gave thanks to God in the presence of them all; and when he had broken it, he began to eat.
Acts.27.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπας: VERB,aor,act,ptcp,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- λαβων: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- αρτον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ευχαριστησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ενωπιον: PREP
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- κλασας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- ηρξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- εσθιειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 11:23-24 (quotation): Paul cites the Lord’s words and action at the Last Supper: 'when he had given thanks, he broke it'—the same thanksgiving + breaking formula echoed in Acts 27:35 (Eucharistic language).
- Luke 24:30 (verbal): On the road to Emmaus Jesus 'took bread, blessed it, broke it, and gave it to them'—the same sequence of taking, blessing/thanks, and breaking as in Acts 27:35.
- Matthew 15:36 (verbal): In the feeding miracle Jesus 'took the seven loaves, and when he had given thanks he broke them and gave them to the disciples'—parallel wording and the ritual act of giving thanks and breaking bread.
- Acts 20:7 (structural): A communal/Christian meal context: the disciples gathered to 'break bread' on the first day of the week—structurally similar to Paul’s public giving of thanks and breaking bread in Acts 27:35.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when he had said these things, he took bread and gave thanks to God in the sight of them all; and when he had broken it he began to eat.
- Then they were all encouraged and also took food.
Acts.27.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ευθυμοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- γενομενοι: VERB,aor,mid,ptc,nom,pl,m
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αυτοι: PRON,nom,pl,3
- προσελαβοντο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,pl
- τροφης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Acts 27:35 (verbal): Immediate context: Paul 'took bread, gave thanks and broke it'—the action that leads directly to everyone being encouraged and eating.
- Acts 27:25 (thematic): Earlier in the same narrative Paul urges them to 'take some food' for survival, thematically linked to the later eating that restores courage.
- Luke 22:19 (verbal): Luke's Gospel uses the same ritual formula ('took bread, gave thanks, broke it'), echoing the language and action of communal eating/thanksgiving found in Acts.
- 1 Corinthians 11:24 (verbal): Paul's reference to the Lord's words about taking bread, giving thanks, and breaking it parallels the verbal tradition of blessing and breaking bread that frames the meal in Acts 27.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then they were all encouraged and took food themselves.
- Now we were in all on the ship two hundred and seventy-six persons.
Acts.27.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ημεθα: PRON,nom,pl,1
- δε: CONJ
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- πασαι: ADJ,nom,pl,f
- ψυχαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- πλοιω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- διακοσιαι: NUM,nom,pl,f
- εβδομηκοντα: NUM,acc,pl,m
- εξ: PREP
Parallels
- Jonah 1:5 (thematic): Crew on a vessel terrified by a sudden, life-threatening storm—parallels the peril and fear experienced by those aboard Paul's ship.
- Mark 4:37-38 (thematic): A violent sea-storm threatens a boat and its occupants; like Acts 27, this scene highlights human vulnerability at sea and divine sovereignty over maritime danger (cf. Matt 8:24; Luke 8:23-24).
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): Poetic depiction of mariners who cry to the Lord in distress and are delivered from the storm—echoes the theme of divine rescue of those at sea found in Acts 27–28.
- Acts 27:23-26 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: the angelic promise to Paul that none of the ship's company would perish explains the preservation of all 276 souls recorded in 27:37.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now we were in all on the ship two hundred and seventy-six souls.
- When they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship by throwing the wheat into the sea.
Acts.27.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- κορεσθεντες: VERB,aor,pass,part,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- τροφης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εκουφιζον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πλοιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- εκβαλλομενοι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,part,nom,pl,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- σιτον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- θαλασσαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Jonah 1:5 (verbal): Sailors in a violent storm cast the ship's cargo into the sea to lighten the vessel—an action nearly identical in wording and purpose to Acts 27:38.
- Acts 27:40-44 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation of the same episode: after lightening the ship by throwing out the wheat the vessel is driven aground and the passengers are saved—shows sequence and consequence of the jettisoning.
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): Portrays sailors endangered by a storm, their cry to God, and divine intervention—echoes the broader theme of maritime peril and deliverance surrounding Acts 27:38.
- Mark 4:37-41 (thematic): Describes a boat caught in a violent storm, the crew's fear, and deliverance (Jesus calming the sea); parallels Acts 27:38 in its focus on nautical danger and human responses to shipboard crisis.
Alternative generated candidates
- When they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship by throwing the wheat into the sea.
- When it was day, they did not recognize the land; but they observed a bay with a beach, where they resolved to run the ship ashore if they could.
Acts.27.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Οτε: CONJ
- δε: CONJ
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ουκ: PART,neg
- επεγινωσκον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- κολπον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- τινα: PRON,acc,sg,m
- κατενοουν: VERB,impf,act,ind,1,sg
- εχοντα: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,n
- αιγιαλον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- εβουλευοντο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,pl
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- δυναιντο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,pl
- εξωσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πλοιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): Describes sailors caught in a storm who cry to the LORD and are brought safely to their desired haven—a thematic parallel of maritime peril and being guided to a bay/harbor like the attempt in Acts 27:39.
- Jonah 1:4-17 (thematic): Narrates a deadly storm at sea, sailors deliberating about the ship's fate and actions taken to save it (casting cargo, deciding about the passenger Jonah)—parallels the shipboard crisis and crew decisions in Acts 27.
- Mark 4:35-41 (cf. Matthew 8:23-27; Luke 8:22-25) (thematic): The disciples' boat is endangered by a storm and they fear for their lives until divine intervention calms the sea—parallels the motif of a perilous voyage and the search for rescue/land in Acts 27.
- Acts 27:41-44 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: the crew runs the ship aground on a beach and all reach land safely—directly resolves the plan described in 27:39 to find a bay and beach the vessel.
Alternative generated candidates
- When it was day, they did not recognize the land; but they noticed a certain bay with a beach, on which they planned, if possible, to run the ship ashore.
- They cut loose the anchors and left them in the sea; at the same time they loosened the rudder bands and hoisted the foresail to the wind, making toward shore.
Acts.27.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- αγκυρας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- περιελοντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- ειων: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- θαλασσαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αμα: ADV
- ανεντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- ζευκτηριας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- πηδαλιων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- επαραντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αρτεμωνα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- πνεουση: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,sg,f
- κατειχον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- εις: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αιγιαλον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Acts 27:18 (verbal): Earlier in the same voyage the crew lightened the ship by throwing the cargo overboard—parallels the practical measures taken to save the vessel in v.40.
- Acts 27:30 (structural): Immediate context: sailors cut away the ship’s boat and perform other seamanship actions—part of the same sequence of measures described in v.40.
- Acts 27:41 (structural): Outcome of the same episode: the ship is broken on the beach and those aboard reach shore—continuation of the actions (cutting anchors, untying rudders, running aground) in v.40.
- Jonah 1:13-15 (thematic): Sailors also throw cargo overboard and take drastic measures to save the ship during a life‑threatening storm—parallel motif of maritime crisis and emergency seamanship.
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): Poetic account of sailors caught in a storm who cry out to God and are brought safely through—thematic parallel of peril at sea and human efforts/rescue in storms.
Alternative generated candidates
- They cast off the anchors and left them in the sea; they also loosened the ropes that tied the rudder; then they hoisted the mainsail to the wind and made toward the beach.
- But striking a place where two seas met, they ran the ship aground; the bow stuck fast and remained immovable, while the stern was being broken by the violence of the waves.
Acts.27.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- περιπεσοντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- τοπον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- διθαλασσον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- επεκειλαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ναυν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μεν: PART
- πρωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ερεισασα: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,f
- εμεινεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ασαλευτος: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- πρυμνα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ελυετο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- υπο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- βιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Jonah 1:4-15 (verbal): A sudden, violent storm at sea with sailors throwing cargo to lighten the ship and desperate attempts to save the vessel — language and actions parallel Acts 27's account of a storm and measures to preserve the ship before it strikes ground.
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): A poetic account of sailors in peril on the sea who cry to the LORD and are delivered from the storm — thematically parallels maritime danger and divine deliverance (contrast: Acts records a wreck but preservation of life).
- Mark 4:37-41 (thematic): A fierce storm threatens the boat and the occupants are terrified until Jesus stills the sea — shares the motif of sudden, violent sea-storms and human fear in a small vessel on open water.
- Acts 27:40-44 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation/parallel within Acts: these verses describe how the ship was run aground, the prow stuck while the stern was smashed, and how the passengers and cargo were handled, culminating in all reaching shore safely — Acts 27:41 is part of this contiguous sequence.
Alternative generated candidates
- But running aground on a certain place where two seas met, the ship's bow stuck and remained immovable, while the stern was being broken by the violence of the waves.
- The soldiers' plan was to kill the prisoners, lest anyone swim out and escape;
Acts.27.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- στρατιωτων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- βουλη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- ινα: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- δεσμωτας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- αποκτεινωσιν: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,pl
- μη: PART
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- εκκολυμβησας: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- διαφυγη·: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
Parallels
- Acts 27:43 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: the centurion prevents the soldiers' plan to kill the prisoners (including Paul) and instead orders those who can swim to jump overboard.
- Acts 12:19 (thematic): Also involves soldiers, prisoners, and the consequences of an escape: after Peter's miraculous escape Herod investigates and takes action against his guards—both passages focus on military custodianship and lethal consequences tied to prisoners' escape.
- Matthew 27:64-66 (thematic): Authorities institute armed precautionary measures (posting guards) to prevent removal/escape (here of Jesus' body); thematically similar concern for controlling access and preventing an 'escape' or removal by others.
- John 11:47-50 (thematic): Religious leaders counsel the death of an individual (Jesus) to avert perceived greater danger to the community—parallels the motive of decisively lethal action by authorities to control a threatening situation.
Alternative generated candidates
- The soldiers planned to kill the prisoners, lest any of them should swim away and escape; but the centurion, intending to save Paul, kept them from carrying out their intention and ordered those who could swim to jump overboard first and go to land,
- but the centurion, desiring to save Paul, kept them from carrying out their intention, and commanded those who could swim to cast themselves first into the sea and make for the land;
Acts.27.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εκατονταρχης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- βουλομενος: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,nom,sg,m
- διασωσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Παυλον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εκωλυσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- βουληματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- εκελευσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τε: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- δυναμενους: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,acc,m,pl
- κολυμβαν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- αποριψαντας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,acc,m,pl
- πρωτους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- επι: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εξιεναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- Acts 27:42 (structural): Immediate context: describes the soldiers' plan to kill the prisoners and the centurion's intervention to prevent it — directly leads into the action in v.43.
- Acts 27:44 (structural): Narrative continuation/outcome: all on board reach land safely, showing the result of the centurion's orders in v.43.
- Jonah 1:15 (verbal): Sailors cast Jonah into the sea to calm a storm; parallels the motif of people being sent/going into the sea during a life‑threatening storm.
- 2 Corinthians 11:25 (thematic): Paul mentions being shipwrecked (one of several perils) — thematically connects Paul's sea peril in Acts 27 with his autobiographical references to maritime danger.
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): Poetic account of sailors caught in a storm and being delivered by God — echoes the theme of peril at sea and divine/Providential deliverance in Acts 27.
Alternative generated candidates
- and the rest on planks and on broken pieces of the ship. Thus it was that they all were brought safely to land.
- and the rest, some were taken on planks and some on broken pieces of the ship.
Acts.27.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- λοιπους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- ους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- μεν: PART
- επι: PREP
- σανισιν: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- ους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- τινων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- απο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πλοιου·και: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- ουτως: ADV
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- παντας: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- διασωθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
- επι: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Psalm 107:23-30 (thematic): God’s care for those who sail the sea: a perilous voyage, divine control of winds/waves, and safe arrival at the desired haven—parallels the shipwreck and God’s deliverance of all to shore.
- Jonah 2:10 (thematic): Jonah is miraculously delivered from the sea and set down on dry land—an analogous motif of rescue from drowning and arrival on land after peril at sea.
- Luke 8:22-25 (thematic): Jesus calms a storm and the disciples arrive safely on the other side; thematically similar in divine protection and deliverance of those aboard a boat.
- Psalm 18:16-19 (thematic): Imagery of God drawing the psalmist out of deep waters and rescuing him from peril mirrors the motif of deliverance from the sea to safety on land.
- Acts 27:41-43 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation of the same episode—describes the ship breaking, soldiers’ intentions, and the final arrangements by Julius that result in every person being brought safely ashore.
Alternative generated candidates
- And so it came to pass that everyone escaped safe to the shore.
- So it was that they all reached the land safely.
When the fourteenth night had come, as we were driven up and down in Adria, about midnight the sailors supposed they were drawing near to land. So they sounded and found it twenty fathoms; and a little farther on they sounded again and found it fifteen fathoms.
Fearing that they might strike upon the rocks, they let down four anchors from the stern and wished for day. But as the ship was violently driven by the storm, the sailors took the ship’s boat and lowered it into the sea under pretence of laying out anchors from the bow.
Then Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, Unless these men remain in the ship, you cannot be saved. So the soldiers cut the ropes of the boat and let it go.
When day came, Paul urged them all to take food, saying, Today is the fourteenth day that you have continued in suspense and taken nothing.
Therefore I urge you to take some food; for this is for your preservation, for not a hair of your head will perish.
Having said this, he took bread, gave thanks to God before them all; and when he had broken it, he began to eat.
Then they all were encouraged and also took food. Now we were in all on the ship two hundred and seventy-six persons.
When they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship by throwing the wheat into the sea. Now when it was day, they did not recognize the land; but they observed a certain bay with a beach and decided, if possible, to run the ship upon it. So they cast off the anchors and left them in the sea, loosed the rudder ropes, hoisted the foresail to the wind and made for the beach. But striking a place where two seas met, they ran the ship aground; the prow stuck fast and remained immovable, while the stern was being broken up by the violence of the waves.
The soldiers’ plan was to kill the prisoners, lest any should swim away and escape. But the centurion, wishing to save Paul, kept them from carrying out their purpose and commanded that those who could swim should jump overboard first and make for the land,
and the rest should get on planks or on pieces of the ship. Thus it came to pass that they all reached land. So it was that they all escaped safely to land.