Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah
2 Kings 15:1-7
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2 K.15.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושבע: NUM,m,sg,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לירבעם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- עזריה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמציה: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 26:1 (verbal): Gives the same synchronism for the start of Azariah/Uzziah’s reign (“in the twenty‑seventh year of Jeroboam”), identifying Azariah as Uzziah and repeating the dating formula.
- 2 Kings 15:2 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same narrative: furnishes the age and length of Azariah’s (Uzziah’s) reign, functioning as the paired accession statement following 15:1.
- 2 Kings 14:23 (thematic): Another example of the Kings' books’ practice of dating one kingdom’s ruler by the regnal years of the other kingdom (here Jeroboam’s reign dated by Amaziah), illustrating the synchronism method used in 2 Kgs.
- Isaiah 6:1 (allusion): Dates Isaiah’s vision “in the year that King Uzziah died,” linking the person (Uzziah/Azariah) named in 2 Kgs 15:1 to a significant prophetic event and confirming chronological setting.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Azariah son of Amaziah became king of Judah.
- In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Azariah son of Amaziah became king of Judah.
2 K.15.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- במלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
- ושתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- יכליהו: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- מירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 26:3 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Uzziah/Azariah: repeats the same biographical formula (age at accession, length of reign, and mother’s name Jecholiah/Jecoliah).
- 2 Kings 14:2 (structural): Example of the royal biographical formula used elsewhere in Kings—gives age at accession, years of reign, and mother’s name (Amaziah) demonstrating the standard historiographical pattern.
- 2 Kings 21:1 (structural): Another instance of the kings’ formula (Manasseh: age, length of reign, and mother’s name Hephzibah), useful for comparing chronological and dynastic reporting conventions.
- 2 Kings 22:1 (structural): Parallel use of the accession formula for Josiah (age, years of reign, and mother’s name Jedidah), underscoring the recurring biographical note used for Judah’s kings.
Alternative generated candidates
- Sixteen years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Jecoliah of Jerusalem.
- He was sixteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem fifty-two years. His mother's name was Jecoliah of Jerusalem.
2 K.15.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הישר: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Chron.26.4 (quotation): Almost identical wording: the Chronicler repeats 2 Kgs 15:3 about Uzziah/Azariah doing right in the LORD's sight according to all that his father Amaziah had done.
- 2 Kgs.14.3 (verbal): Amaziah (the father named in 2 Kgs 15:3) is described with the same formula—'did right in the eyes of the LORD'—in the earlier account (with the added qualification 'not like David').
- 2 Chron.25.2 (verbal): The parallel of Amaziah's reign in Chronicles uses the same phrase 'did that which was right in the sight of the LORD,' providing a direct parallel to the father-son relationship highlighted in 2 Kgs 15:3.
- 1 Kgs.15.11 (thematic): Uses the same royal evaluative formula ('did that which was right in the eyes of the LORD') found repeatedly in Kings/Chronicles to summarize a king's faithfulness; thematically parallels the wording of 2 Kgs 15:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- He did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, according to all that Amaziah his father had done.
- He did what was right before the LORD, just as Amaziah his father had done.
2 K.15.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רק: PRT
- הבמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- סרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עוד: ADV
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מזבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ומקטרים: CONJ+VERB,piel,ptcp,3,m,pl
- בבמות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kgs.12:31 (verbal): Jeroboam sets up shrines on the high places and establishes priests there—parallels the continued use of high places for sacrifice and incense.
- Deut.12:2 (thematic): The Deuteronomic law commands tearing down the high places and centralizing worship—provides the legal/ideological background to why high-place worship is condemned.
- 2 Kgs.23:8 (structural): Josiah's reforms explicitly remove idolatrous priests and high places; serves as a deliberate contrast to kings (like in 2 Kgs 15:4) who failed to abolish high-place worship.
- 2 Chr.28:3 (verbal): Of King Ahaz: he sacrificed and burned incense on the high places—directly parallels the practice described in 2 Kings 15:4 of people continuing to offer sacrifices on high places.
Alternative generated candidates
- Only the high places were not removed; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places.
- Yet the people did not remove the high places; they continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense at the high places.
2 K.15.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וינגע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מצרע: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- החפשית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויותם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שפט: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 26:16-21 (verbal): Parallel account of Uzziah/Azariah: describes his presumptuous priestly action, the LORD striking him with leprosy, his living in isolation, and Jotham governing — same event with overlapping language.
- Leviticus 13:46 (verbal): Law prescribing that the leprous person 'shall dwell alone; his dwelling shall be outside the camp' — echoes the social/isolation consequence reflected in the king’s 'house of separation.'
- Numbers 12:10-15 (thematic): Miriam is struck with leprosy as divine punishment and must be isolated until healed; thematically parallels leprosy as God’s judgment requiring separation.
- 2 Kings 5:27 (thematic): Gehazi is struck with 'leprosy' as immediate divine punishment for wrongdoing and becomes socially marked/isolated — another instance of leprosy functioning as divine retribution and exclusion.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the LORD struck the king, and he became a leper until the day of his death; and he lived in a house of separation, while Jotham the king's son was over the household, judging the people of the land.
- But the LORD afflicted the king, and he became a leper until the day of his death. He lived in a house of separation, while Jotham the king's son was over the palace and governed the people of the land.
2 K.15.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- עזריהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הלא: PART
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- כתובים: VERB,pual,ptcp,m,pl
- על: PREP
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למלכי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- 2 Chr.26.22 (quotation): Direct parallel in Chronicles recording the same summary line about Uzziah’s acts being written in the book of the kings/chronicles.
- 2 Kgs.16.20 (verbal): Uses the same closing formula — 'the rest of the acts... are they not written in the book of the chronicles/annals' — to point readers to the official records (here about Ahaz).
- 2 Kgs.21.17 (verbal): Another instance of the standard kings‑list closing phrase (about Manasseh), showing the recurring editorial formula in Kings directing readers to the annals/chronicles.
- 1 Kgs.14.19 (structural): An earlier example of the same structural formula summarizing a king’s reign and directing the reader to the book of the chronicles/annals for fuller details (here concerning Rehoboam).
Alternative generated candidates
- As for the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
- As for the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
2 K.15.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עזריה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
- ויקברו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- עם: PREP
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יותם: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 26:23 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Uzziah/Azariah’s death and burial and the statement that Jotham his son reigned in his place — essentially the same formula as 2 Kgs 15:7.
- 2 Kings 15:32 (structural): Immediate continuation in Kings giving the beginning of Jotham’s reign; connects the death/succession report in 15:7 to the reign summary that follows.
- 2 Chronicles 27:1 (structural): Chronicles’ parallel to Jotham’s accession (age and length of reign), serving as the counterpart to 2 Kgs 15:7’s notice that Jotham succeeded his father.
- 1 Kings 2:10-12 (thematic): Example of the common royal formula — 'slept with his fathers' and the son’s succession (David→Solomon) — illustrating the conventional notice of a king’s death and dynastic transfer used throughout the histories.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Azariah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David; and Jotham his son reigned in his place.
- And Azariah slept with his fathers; and they buried him with his fathers in the City of David. And Jotham his son reigned in his stead.
In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Azariah son of Amaziah became king of Judah.
He was sixteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Jecholiah of Jerusalem.
He did what was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father Amaziah had done.
Nevertheless the high places were not removed; the people still sacrificed and burned incense on the high places. And the LORD struck the king, so that he became a leper until the day of his death. He lived in a house of confinement, and Jotham the king's son was over the palace, judging the people of the land.
As for the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? So Azariah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David; and Jotham his son reigned in his place.