The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom
Isaiah 11:1-16
Isa.11.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- חטר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מגזע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישי: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- ונצר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משרשיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,sg
- יפרה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 23:5-6 (verbal): Speaks of a 'Righteous Branch' from David's line — same 'branch/offspring' messianic imagery as the shoot from Jesse in Isa 11:1.
- Zechariah 3:8 (verbal): Uses the title 'the Branch' (or 'Branch of the Lord') for the coming servant, echoing Isaiah's motif of a shoot/branch rising from the house of David/Jesse.
- Zechariah 6:12 (verbal): Refers to 'the Branch' who will build the temple and rule, developing the Isaiah image of a new shoot from Davidic roots.
- Romans 15:12 (quotation): Paul cites Isaiah's oracle about a 'root of Jesse' (Isa 11:10 in LXX/MT context) to argue that the Gentiles will hope in the Davidic deliverer — New Testament appropriation of the Jesse/Branch motif.
- Revelation 22:16 (allusion): Christ identifies himself as 'the root and the offspring of David,' echoing the root/branch language (Jesse/Davidic origin) found in Isaiah 11:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- A shoot shall come forth from the stump of Jesse, and a branch shall grow out of his roots.
- A shoot shall come forth from the stump of Jesse, and a branch shall grow out of his roots.
Isa.11.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונחה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובינה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עצה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגבורה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דעת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויראת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 42:1 (allusion): Both passages present a chosen servant upon whom God’s Spirit rests—'I will put my Spirit upon him'—linking divine empowerment and mission (messianic servant theme).
- Isaiah 61:1 (allusion): Declares 'The Spirit of the LORD GOD is upon me' to anointed one who brings justice and comfort, echoing the Spirit‑bestowal and messianic ministry of Isa 11:2.
- Exodus 31:3 (verbal): God says He has filled Bezalel 'with the Spirit of God, in wisdom and understanding, and in knowledge and all manner of workmanship,' closely mirroring Isa 11:2’s catalogue of spirit‑given wisdom, understanding and knowledge.
- Numbers 11:25 (structural): The LORD’s Spirit rests on leaders (Moses and the elders), enabling governance and action—paralleling Isa 11:2’s motif of the Spirit resting on a leader and empowering him for wise rule.
- Proverbs 9:10 (thematic): 'The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom' connects the final element of Isa 11:2 ('fear of the LORD') with wisdom and knowledge, highlighting theologically linked virtues.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the Spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him — a spirit of wisdom and understanding, a spirit of counsel and might, a spirit of knowledge and the fear of the LORD.
- The Spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him: the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and the fear of the LORD.
Isa.11.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והריחו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- ביראת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- למראה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עיניו: NOUN,f,pl,suff
- ישפוט: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- למשמע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אזניו: NOUN,f,du,abs+PRON,3,m
- יוכיח: VERB,hiph,imprf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- John 7:24 (verbal): Jesus: 'Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with right judgment.' Direct verbal/thematic parallel to 'not judge by the sight of his eyes'—a warning against superficial judgment.
- 1 Samuel 16:7 (thematic): God's assessment contrasts with human sight: 'Man looks at the outward appearance, but the LORD looks at the heart.' Echoes Isaiah's emphasis that true judgment is not by external appearance.
- Acts 10:34 (thematic): Peter: 'God shows no partiality.' Aligns with the Isaiah motif of impartial, Spirit-guided judgment rather than judging by outward marks or hearsay.
- 1 Corinthians 2:10–16 (structural): Paul describes Spirit-led discernment ('we have the mind of Christ') and understanding beyond mere human senses—parallels Isaiah's theme that the ideal ruler judges by the fear/Spirit of the LORD, not by sight or hearing alone.
Alternative generated candidates
- His delight shall be in the fear of the LORD; he will not judge by what his eyes see, nor decide by what his ears hear.
- He will delight in the fear of the LORD; he will not judge by what his eyes see, nor decide by what his ears hear.
Isa.11.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושפט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בצדק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והוכיח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- במישור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לענוי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והכה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בשבט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- וברוח: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שפתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ימית: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- רשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Thessalonians 2:8 (verbal): Paul says the Lord Jesus will destroy the lawless one 'with the breath of his mouth'—a close verbal echo of Isaiah's 'by the breath of his lips he will kill the wicked.'
- Psalm 98:9 (verbal): Both texts proclaim God coming to 'judge the earth' and to judge 'with righteousness' and 'with equity,' reflecting the same judicial purpose and wording as Isaiah 11:4.
- Psalm 2:9 (thematic): The image of ruling and punishing with a rod ('rod of iron') parallels Isaiah's 'rod of his mouth' as metaphors for authoritative, decisive divine judgment.
- John 12:48 (thematic): Jesus warns that the word he has spoken will be the basis of final judgment—resonant with Isaiah's theme that the Messiah executes judgment by his word/breath.
- Revelation 19:15 (structural): The eschatological Judge who 'rules with a rod of iron' and executes wrath on the nations structurally parallels Isaiah's portrait of the coming ruler who judges and slays the wicked by his spoken power.
Alternative generated candidates
- But he will judge the poor with righteousness, and give decisions with equity for the meek of the earth; he will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he will kill the wicked.
- But with righteousness he will judge the poor, and decide with equity for the meek of the earth; he will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he will put the wicked to death.
Isa.11.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- צדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אזור: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מתניו: NOUN,f,pl,suff3,m
- והאמונה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אזור: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- חלציו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Ephesians 6:14 (verbal): Paul's 'gird your waist with truth' (belt of truth) echoes the image of truth/faithfulness as a girdle around the loins, linking moral firmness to readiness in battle.
- Psalm 45:3-4 (Heb. 45:4-5) (verbal): Royal/warrior imagery: the king is girded and rules 'because of truth, meekness, and righteousness,' paralleling the depiction of righteousness and faithfulness as the ruler's girding virtues.
- Proverbs 3:3 (thematic): 'Let not mercy and truth forsake you; bind them about your neck' uses the motif of binding virtues to the body, similar to Isaiah's girding of righteousness and faithfulness.
- Psalm 89:14 (thematic): 'Righteousness and justice are the foundation of your throne' relates the qualities in Isa. 11:5 to the foundations of legitimate, divinely sanctioned rule.
- Isaiah 9:6-7 (structural): Another messianic oracle that characterizes the ruler's reign in terms of justice and righteousness—Isaiah's broader theme of a just, faithfulness-based kingship complements 11:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- Righteousness shall be the belt about his loins, and faithfulness the sash about his hips.
- Righteousness shall be the belt of his loins, and faithfulness the girdle about his waist.
Isa.11.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וגר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- זאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- כבש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונמר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- גדי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ירבץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ועגל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכפיר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומריא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יחדו: ADV
- ונער: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קטן: ADJ,m,sg
- נהג: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 65:25 (verbal): Almost verbatim reprise of the animal-peace imagery — 'wolf and lamb... they shall not hurt' — reiterating the vision of predator and prey dwelling together.
- Isaiah 11:9 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same oracle: explains the consequence of the harmony in v.6 — 'they shall not hurt or destroy in all my holy mountain,' reinforcing the peace motif.
- Hosea 2:18 (allusion): God promises a covenant with the beasts and a transformed order among animals (and people), echoing the theme of reconciled creation and peace between formerly hostile creatures.
- Micah 4:3 (thematic): Prophetic vision of universal peace — nations turning swords into plowshares and ceasing war — parallels Isaiah 11’s depiction of cosmic reconciliation, including peaceful animal relationships.
Alternative generated candidates
- The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the young goat; the calf and the lion and the fatling shall be together, and a little child shall lead them.
- The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the young goat; the calf, the lion, and the fatling shall be together, and a little child shall lead them.
Isa.11.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ופרה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ודב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תרעינה: VERB,qal,imprf,3,f,pl
- יחדו: ADV
- ירבצו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- ילדיהן: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss+3,fp
- ואריה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כבקר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- תבן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 65:25 (verbal): Near-verbatim reprise of Isaiah 11:6–7's imagery: predator and prey feed together and the lion eats straw like the ox, presenting the same eschatological peace.
- Hosea 2:18 (allusion): Speaks of a future covenant 'with the beasts of the field' and harmony between humans and animals—anticipates the restored creation motifs found in Isaiah 11.
- Isaiah 2:4 (thematic): Different metaphor (swords to plowshares) but shares the same eschatological theme of universal peace and the end of violence under God's reign.
- Isaiah 35:9 (thematic): Describes a transformed, safe landscape where dangerous beasts are absent—complements Isaiah 11's vision of reversal of natural enmities in the new order.
Alternative generated candidates
- The cow and the bear shall graze; their young shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
- The cow and the bear shall graze; their young shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
Isa.11.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושעשע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יונק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- חר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פתן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- מאורת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- צפעוני: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גמול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- הדה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 11:6 (structural): Begins the same 'peaceable kingdom' vision (wolf, lamb, child) of which v.8 is a part; shares the pastoral images of predator and child in harmony.
- Isaiah 11:9 (thematic): Culmination of the passage's theme of universal safety and the removal of danger — v.8's image of children handling serpents leads into the statement that none will hurt or destroy.
- Isaiah 65:25 (verbal): A later prophetic echo of the peaceable-creation motif (wolf/lamb, lion/ox) and explicit mention of the fate of serpents, repeating the theme of danger pacified.
- Psalm 91:13 (verbal): Uses similar serpent/cobra language to portray divine protection ('you will tread on the lion and the cobra'), echoing the idea of humans safe amid venomous beasts.
- Genesis 49:17 (allusion): Jacob's characterization of Dan as a 'serpent by the way' invokes serpent imagery common in Israelite tradition and provides a background motif for references to adders and holes.
Alternative generated candidates
- The nursing child shall play over the hole of the cobra, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the adder’s den.
- The nursing child shall play over the hole of the cobra, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the den of the viper.
Isa.11.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לא: PART_NEG
- ירעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- ישחיתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- קדשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- כי: CONJ
- מלאה: ADV
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- דעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מכסים: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Habakkuk 2:14 (verbal): Nearly identical wording: 'for the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea' — a direct verbal parallel to Isa. 11:9's eschatological note.
- Isaiah 2:2-4 (thematic): Shared eschatological vision of the 'mountain of the LORD', universal instruction/knowledge of God, and a time of peace when nations no longer wage war.
- Isaiah 65:25 (verbal): Reiterates the imagery of predator and prey dwelling in peace and uses the same formula 'they shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain,' closely echoing Isa. 11:9.
- Micah 4:1-4 (thematic): Parallels Isaiah 11:9's themes of the latter-day restoration: the exaltation of God's mountain, universal teaching of God's ways, and a reign of peace among nations and creatures.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall not harm or destroy on all my holy mountain, for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD as the waters cover the sea.
- They shall not hurt or destroy in all my holy mountain; for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD as the waters cover the sea.
Isa.11.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- שרש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישי: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לנס: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ידרשו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- מנחתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- כבוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Rom.15:12 (quotation): Paul explicitly cites Isaiah 11:10 (the 'root of Jesse') to show that Gentiles will hope in the Davidic root; direct New Testament quotation/application of the verse's promise.
- Isa.11:1 (structural): Immediate context in Isaiah: the image of a shoot/branch from Jesse (the Davidic line) and the messianic judge/king is developed there, providing the background for v.10's 'root of Jesse'.
- Rev.22:16 (verbal): Jesus describes himself as 'the root and the offspring of David,' echoing the 'root of Jesse' motif and linking the Isaiah figure to the Messiah in Revelation.
- Micah 4:1 (thematic): Both passages envision nations streaming to God's appointed ruler/place (Micah 4:1's nations coming to the mountain of the LORD), sharing the theme of Gentile nations seeking divine rule/leadership.
- Isa.49:6 (thematic): The Servant passages (e.g., 'I will make you a light to the nations') parallel Isaiah 11:10's theme that the Messianic figure will draw and serve the nations—salvation extending to Gentiles.
Alternative generated candidates
- On that day the root of Jesse, standing as a signal for the peoples, shall be sought by the nations; his resting-place shall be glorious.
- And in that day a root of Jesse, standing as a signal for the peoples, shall be for an ensign of the nations; to him the nations shall seek, and his resting place shall be glorious.
Isa.11.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- יוסיף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- שנית: ADV
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לקנות: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- שאר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישאר: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- מאשור: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,m
- וממצרים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,prop,pl,abs
- ומפתרוס: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומכוש: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומעילם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומשנער: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומחמת: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומאיי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
Parallels
- Isaiah 43:5-6 (thematic): God promises to bring his people from the farthest lands (east and west) and to gather the dispersed—same theme of divine regathering of Israel from the nations.
- Jeremiah 30:3 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'I will bring back the captivity of my people'—a close verbal parallel expressing God’s promise to restore Israel to their land.
- Ezekiel 37:21-22 (allusion): God declares he will gather the Israelites from among the nations and make them one nation in their land—a direct prophetic echo of restoring the remnant.
- Amos 9:14-15 (thematic): Speaks of God restoring Israel, rebuilding cities, and planting them in their land permanently—another prophetic promise of national restoration and return from exile.
- Zechariah 10:6-7 (structural): Speaks of the LORD bringing back the exiles from Egypt and Assyria and gathering the dispersed—parallels Isaiah 11:11’s listing of nations and the structural motif of a second act of recovery.
Alternative generated candidates
- On that day the LORD will again set his hand a second time to recover the remnant of his people who remain — from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.
- On that day the LORD will again extend his hand to recover the remnant of his people who remain, from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.
Isa.11.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונשא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- נס: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- לגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואסף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- נדחי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונפצות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- יקבץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מארבע: PREP+NUM,card,f
- כנפות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Isaiah 11:11 (structural): Immediate context: the same oracle continues the theme of God raising a banner/signal and gathering the remnant of Israel from the nations.
- Isaiah 43:5-6 (verbal): Uses similar language of bringing/ gathering Israel 'from the east' and 'from the ends of the earth,' paralleling the motif of return from far places.
- Jeremiah 31:8-9 (verbal): Speaks of God bringing the dispersed from the north and the coasts and gathering them—very close verbal and thematic parallel about regathering the exiles.
- Ezekiel 37:21-22 (thematic): God promises to take Israel from among the nations and bring them into their own land, uniting them into one kingdom—thematic parallel of restoration and regathering.
- Matthew 24:31 (verbal): Jesus says angels will gather the elect 'from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other,' echoing the image of gathering from the four corners of the earth.
Alternative generated candidates
- He will raise a banner for the nations and gather the outcasts of Israel; he will assemble the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.
- He will lift up a banner for the nations and gather the outcasts of Israel; he will assemble the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.
Isa.11.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- קנאת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצררי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- יכרתו: VERB,niphal,imf,3,m,pl
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יקנא: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ויהודה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יצר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 37:15-22 (structural): The two sticks representing Judah and Joseph/Ephraim are joined into one nation—explicit reunification of north and south and the ending of mutual hostility.
- Jeremiah 3:18 (verbal): Predicts that the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel and come together—direct language of reunion echoing Ephraim and Judah no longer opposing one another.
- Zechariah 10:6-7 (thematic): God promises to strengthen Judah and save/bring back the house of Joseph (Ephraim), resulting in their togetherness and the removal of previous divisions.
- Psalm 133:1 (thematic): Celebrates the goodness of brothers dwelling together in unity—captures the social/spiritual harmony implied by Ephraim’s lack of jealousy and Judah’s cessation of hostility.
Alternative generated candidates
- The jealousy of Ephraim shall cease, and the adversaries of Judah shall be cut off; Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not be hostile toward Ephraim.
- Ephraim’s jealousy shall cease, and the adversaries of Judah shall be cut off; Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not be hostile toward Ephraim.
Isa.11.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועפו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בכתף: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- ימה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יחדו: ADV
- יבזו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- קדם: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומואב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משלוח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משמעתם: NOUN,f,sg+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 11:11-12 (structural): Immediate context — the same oracle of restoration and subjugation of Israel's neighbors; verses before and after frame the campaign of nations and gathering of exiles that culminates in v.14.
- Psalm 83:6-8 (thematic): Lists a coalition of neighboring peoples (including Philistia, Edom, Moab, Ammon) conspiring against Israel — thematically parallel to v.14's enemies and raids.
- Zephaniah 2:4-7 (thematic): Prophecy of judgment on the Philistine cities and the future restoration/possession of their territory, echoing Isa.11:14's promise of striking Philistia and subduing surrounding peoples.
- Joel 3:4-8 (verbal): Accuses Philistia, Tyre, Sidon, Edom, Moab, and Ammon of wronging Israel and announces judgment — closely parallels Isa.11:14 in naming the same nations and depicting retributive action.
Alternative generated candidates
- They will sweep down on the shoulder of Philistia to the west; together they will plunder the people of the east — Edom and Moab will be their spoil, and the Ammonites their subject.
- They shall swoop down on the shoulder of the Philistines toward the west; together they shall plunder the people of the East. They shall lay hands on Edom and Moab, and the people of Ammon shall obey them.
Isa.11.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והחרים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- לשון: NOUN,f,sg,constr
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- והניף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- הנהר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בעים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רוחו: NOUN,f,sg,prsuf3ms
- והכהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לשבעה: PREP+NUM,m,sg
- נחלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והדריך: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- בנעלים: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 14:21-22 (thematic): God dries up the sea so Israel walks on dry ground—Isaiah echoes the Exodus deliverance motif of God striking the waters and providing a path through them.
- Psalm 78:13 (verbal): The psalm says God ‘divided the sea’ and made the waters ‘stand as a heap,’ language close to Isaiah’s image of God smiting the river and making a passable way.
- Isaiah 51:10 (allusion): A parallel passage in Isaiah recalling the Exodus: God ‘divided the sea’ and ‘made the waters stand as a heap,’ using the same redemptive/sea‑parting tradition Isaiah 11:15 invokes.
- Nahum 1:4 (verbal): Nahum depicts God rebuking the sea and drying rivers up—similar verbal imagery of God controlling and silencing waters found in Isaiah 11:15.
- Joshua 3:17 (thematic): The priests’ standing in the Jordan and the river ‘being cut off’ so the people crossed on dry ground parallels Isaiah’s theme of God making rivers passable for His people.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD will silence the tongue of the Sea of Egypt; he will lift his hand over the River and, with a scorching wind, strike it into seven channels, and make a way to cross over with sandals.
- The LORD will silence the tongue of the Sea of Egypt; he will lift his hand over the River with his spirit and strike it into seven channels, and men will march over in sandals.
Isa.11.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- מסלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לשאר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישאר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מאשור: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,m
- כאשר: CONJ
- היתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לישראל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- עלתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 13:18 (allusion): Isaiah explicitly echoes Israel’s exodus route—'as in the day he went up out of Egypt'—linking the remnant’s highway to the original deliverance and march out of Egypt.
- Isaiah 35:8 (verbal): Both verses speak of a 'highway' for the redeemed; Isa.35 calls it 'the way of holiness,' a safe, restored road for those returning to God.
- Isaiah 62:10 (verbal): Commands to 'prepare the way' and 'build up the highway' for God's people closely echo the image of making a route for the remnant to return.
- Isaiah 40:3 (thematic): The motif of preparing a way for the LORD and his people (a cleared road for divine restoration and return) is central to both passages.
- Matthew 3:3 (quotation): Matthew cites Isaiah 40:3 ('Prepare the way...')—the New Testament appropriation shows how the prophetic 'highway/way' imagery is read as preparation for salvation and return in later scripture.
Alternative generated candidates
- There will be a highway for the remnant of his people who remain from Assyria, just as there was for Israel on the day they came up from the land of Egypt.
- There will be a highway for the remnant of his people who remain from Assyria, as there was for Israel on the day they came up from the land of Egypt.
A shoot shall spring from the stump of Jesse, and a branch from his roots shall bear fruit.
The Spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him: a spirit of wisdom and understanding, a spirit of counsel and might, a spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD.
He will delight in the fear of the LORD; he will not judge by what his eyes behold, nor decide by what his ears hear.
With righteousness he will judge the poor, and decide with equity for the meek of the earth; he will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked.
Righteousness shall be the belt of his loins, and faithfulness the belt of his waist.
The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, the leopard shall lie down with the young goat; the calf and the young lion and the fatling shall be together, and a little child shall shepherd them.
The cow and the bear shall graze; their young shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
A nursing child shall play over the hole of the cobra, and a weaned child shall put his hand to the viper's den.
They shall not hurt or destroy in all my holy mountain; for the earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the LORD as the waters cover the sea.
On that day a root of Jesse, standing as a signal for the peoples, shall be sought by the nations; his resting place shall be glorious.
On that day the LORD will again stretch out his hand to recover the remnant of his people who remain, from Assyria and Egypt, from Pathros and Cush, from Elam and Shinar, from Hamath and the islands of the sea.
He will lift up a banner to the nations and gather the outcasts of Israel, and will assemble the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.
Then Ephraim's jealousy shall cease, and the foes of Judah shall be cut off; Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not harass Ephraim.
They will swoop down upon the shoulder of the Philistines to the west; together they will plunder the people of the east; they will stretch out their hand against Edom and Moab, and the Ammonites shall be subject to them.
The LORD will dry up the tongue of the Sea of Egypt; with the blast of his wind he will strike the River, he will strike it into seven streams, and make men pass over in sandals.
There will be a highway for the remnant of his people who remain from Assyria, as there was for Israel on the day they went up from the land of Egypt.