Crossing the Red Sea

Exodus 13:17-14:31

About APB

Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
17 And it came to pass, when Pharaoh sent the people away, that God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, for it was near; for God said, 'Lest the people change their minds when they see war and return to Egypt.'

Exo.13.17 - Details

Original Text

ויהי בשלח פרעה את־ העם ולא־ נחם אלהים דרך ארץ פלשתים כי קרוב הוא כי ׀ אמר אלהים פן־ ינחם העם בראתם מלחמה ושבו מצרימה׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בשלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ולא: CONJ
  • נחם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • כי: CONJ
  • קרוב: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • פן: CONJ
  • ינחם: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בראתם: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
  • מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ושבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מצרימה: NOUN,prop,pl,m,abs

Parallels

  • Exod.13:18 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same sentence: God leads the people around the land of the Philistines and brings them by the wilderness — repeats/continues the reason given in 13:17.
  • Exod.14:3-4 (thematic): God deliberately engineers a route and Pharaoh's pursuit so that the Egyptians will know the LORD and so the people will not return to Egypt — echoes the motive in 13:17 (avoid an easy route that would permit retreat).
  • Deut.8:2-3 (thematic): Moses explains that God led Israel through the wilderness to humble and test them and to teach dependence on him — parallels the Exodus rationale for not taking the nearer Philistine road (formation through hardship).
  • Num.14:3 (thematic): When confronted with the prospect of Canaanite opposition the people expressed a desire to return to Egypt — mirrors the fear-of-war/return-to-Egypt concern named in Exod 13:17.
  • Ps.106:7-11 (thematic): The psalm recounts Israel’s reluctance and forgetfulness after deliverance, recalling their wish to return to Egypt and rebellion despite God’s wonders — thematically echoes the danger addressed in Exod 13:17.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it came to pass, when Pharaoh sent the people away, that God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, though it was near; for God said, Lest the people change their mind when they see war and return to Egypt.
  • And it came to pass, when Pharaoh sent the people, that God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, for it was near; for God said, Lest the people change their mind when they see war, and return to Egypt.
18 But God led the people around by the way of the wilderness toward the Sea of Reeds; and the sons of Israel went up armed from the land of Egypt.

Exo.13.18 - Details

Original Text

ויסב אלהים ׀ את־ העם דרך המדבר ים־ סוף וחמשים עלו בני־ ישראל מארץ מצרים׃

Morphology

  • ויסב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • המדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • ים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • סוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וחמשים: NUM,card,pl
  • עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Exod.13:17 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same narrative: explains the reason God did not lead Israel by the shorter Philistine route but directed them through the wilderness (sets up 13:18).
  • Exod.12:37 (verbal): Early description of the Israelite departure from Egypt ('the children of Israel journeyed out...'); parallels 13:18's statement that the people went up out of Egypt, armed.
  • Num.33:3-5 (structural): Numbers' travel itinerary retells the Exodus departure (from Rameses, encamping at Succoth/Etham at the edge of the wilderness), echoing the motif of God directing Israel by the desert route.
  • Ps.78:52-53 (thematic): A liturgical retelling: God 'made his people go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness,' echoing the theme of divine leadership through the desert toward deliverance.
  • Deut.8:15 (thematic): Moses' reflection on the wilderness journey: God led Israel through a 'great and terrible wilderness'—a theological summary of the same divine guidance emphasized in Exod 13:18.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But God turned the people round by the way of the wilderness toward the Sea of Reeds, and the sons of Israel went up from the land of Egypt armed.
  • And God turned the people toward the way of the wilderness to the Sea of Reeds; and the sons of Israel went up armed from the land of Egypt.
19 And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, for he had surely made the sons of Israel swear, saying, 'God will surely visit you, and you shall carry up my bones from here with you.'

Exo.13.19 - Details

Original Text

ויקח משה את־ עצמות יוסף עמו כי השבע השביע את־ בני ישראל לאמר פקד יפקד אלהים אתכם והעליתם את־ עצמתי מזה אתכם׃

Morphology

  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עצמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • יוסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • השבע: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • השביע: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • פקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יפקד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
  • והעליתם: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עצמתי: PRON,1,m,sg
  • מזה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Gen.50.24-25 (quotation): Joseph's original dying charge and the oath he obtained from the Israelites that his bones should be carried out of Egypt — the source for Moses' action in Exod 13:19.
  • Josh.24.32 (structural): Narrative fulfillment: the Israelites later bring Joseph's bones up out of Egypt and bury them at Shechem, completing the promise/intent recorded in Exod 13:19.
  • Heb.11.22 (allusion): New Testament reflection: the author of Hebrews cites Joseph's instructions about his bones as an example of faith looking forward to the Exodus and God's promises.
  • Acts.7.15-16 (allusion): Stephen's retelling of the patriarchal history echoes the motif of the ancestors being removed from Egypt and buried at Shechem, reflecting the tradition that Joseph's remains were brought up from Egypt.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, for he had surely made the sons of Israel swear, saying, God will surely take notice of you; and you shall carry up my bones from here with you.
  • And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, for he had surely made the sons of Israel swear, saying, God will surely visit you, and you shall bring up my bones from here with you.
20 And they set out from Succoth and camped at Etham, at the edge of the wilderness.

Exo.13.20 - Details

Original Text

ויסעו מסכת ויחנו באתם בקצה המדבר׃

Morphology

  • ויסעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מסכת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויחנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • באתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • בקצה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Numbers 33:6 (verbal): In the itinerary lists Numbers repeats the same movement: departing Succoth and camping at Etham/’the edge of the wilderness,’ closely mirroring Exodus 13:20’s wording.
  • Exodus 12:37 (thematic): Describes the initial departure of the Israelites from Egypt — ‘they journeyed from Rameses to Succoth’ — providing the larger context for the movement noted in Exodus 13:20.
  • Exodus 13:17-18 (structural): Immediate context that explains why they traveled by the edge of the wilderness (the LORD did not lead them by the way of the Philistines) and notes the LORD going before them as a pillar, linking the place of encampment with divine guidance.
  • Exodus 14:2-3 (thematic): God instructs Moses where to camp (before Pi-hahiroth, by the sea) — another instance of strategic encamping locations during the wilderness movement tied to the narrative of departure and pursuit.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they set out from Succoth and encamped at Etham, at the edge of the wilderness.
  • And they set out from Succoth and camped at Etham, at the edge of the wilderness.
21 And YHWH went before them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead them on the way, and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light, to go by day and by night.

Exo.13.21 - Details

Original Text

ויהוה הלך לפניהם יומם בעמוד ענן לנחתם הדרך ולילה בעמוד אש להאיר להם ללכת יומם ולילה׃

Morphology

  • ויהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לפניהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • יומם: ADV
  • בעמוד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ענן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לנחתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,pl
  • הדרך: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ולילה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בעמוד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • להאיר: VERB,hiph,inf
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
  • יומם: ADV
  • ולילה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 40:34-38 (verbal): Same imagery and function: the cloud covers the tent of meeting and the LORD's presence rests on the tabernacle; the cloud by day and fire by night accompany Israel 'throughout all their journeys.' — a direct narrative parallel.
  • Numbers 9:15-23 (structural): Describes the cloud's movements as the signal for Israel's travel and encampment: the cloud over the tabernacle by day and fire by night, governing when they set out and halted — same guiding role as Exod 13:21.
  • Psalm 105:39 (verbal): Poetic retelling of the Exodus: 'He spread a cloud for a covering, and fire to give light in the night,' echoing the cloud-by-day/fire-by-night motif.
  • Psalm 78:14 (thematic): Retells Israel's wilderness guidance: 'He led them by the cloud by day, and by the light of the fire by night,' a direct thematic and verbal echo of the Exodus account.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And YHWH was going before them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead them on the way, and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light, to go by day and by night.
  • And YHWH went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead them on the way, and by night in a pillar of fire, to give light to them, to go by day and by night.
22 He did not remove the pillar of cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people.

Exo.13.22 - Details

Original Text

לא־ ימיש עמוד הענן יומם ועמוד האש לילה לפני העם׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ימיש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עמוד: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
  • הענן: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • יומם: ADV
  • ועמוד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
  • האש: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לפני: PREP
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Exod.14:19-20 (verbal): Uses the same pillars of cloud and fire imagery; the cloud/fire move to interpose between Israel and Egypt, a close verbal and situational echo of Exod 13:22.
  • Num.9:15-23 (structural): Describes the cloud over the tabernacle and how its settling or lifting governed when Israel camped and journeyed — an expanded account of the cloud/fire guiding the people.
  • Num.10:34 (verbal): States that 'the cloud of the Lord was upon them by day' when they departed the camp — a brief verbal reprise of the Exodus motif.
  • Ps.78:14-15 (allusion): A poetic retelling of the Exodus that explicitly says God led 'with a cloud by day' and 'a light of fire by night,' directly alluding to the Exodus depiction.
  • Ps.105:39 (thematic): Speaks of God 'spreading a cloud for a covering' and providing 'fire to give light in the night,' echoing the same protective/guide imagery of cloud and fire.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night did not depart from before the people.
  • The pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night did not depart from before the people.
1 And YHWH said to Moses, saying:

Exo.14.1 - Details

Original Text

וידבר יהוה אל־ משה לאמר׃

Morphology

  • וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc

Parallels

  • Exod.6.2 (verbal): Uses the same formula 'And God spake unto Moses, saying...' — a direct divine address to Moses that initiates revelation (verbal parallel).
  • Exod.3.10 (thematic): God commissions Moses to confront Pharaoh and deliver Israel — thematically parallel as a pivotal divine command appointing Moses to lead.
  • Exod.14.15 (structural): Within the same chapter God again speaks to Moses with a command ('Wherefore criest thou unto me? speak unto the children of Israel...') — structural echo of the opening divine address.
  • Deut.31.14 (verbal): Same basic formula 'And the LORD said unto Moses...' as God speaks to Moses about the transfer of leadership and impending end of his ministry — another direct divine utterance to Moses.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
  • And YHWH said to Moses, saying:
2 'Speak to the sons of Israel, and let them turn back and camp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea; before Baal-zephon—opposite it you shall camp by the sea.'

Exo.14.2 - Details

Original Text

דבר אל־ בני ישראל וישבו ויחנו לפני פי החירת בין מגדל ובין הים לפני בעל צפן נכחו תחנו על־ הים׃

Morphology

  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויחנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לפני: PREP
  • פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • החירת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • בין: PREP
  • מגדל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובין: CONJ+PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • לפני: PREP
  • בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צפן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נכחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • תחנו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • על: PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:3-4 (structural): Immediate context: God positions Israel at Pi-hahiroth/by the sea and states that Pharaoh will pursue so that He may be glorified—explains the purpose of the encampment named in v.2.
  • Numbers 33:7-8 (verbal): Itinerary summary that repeats the place names Pi-hahiroth and Baal-zephon and records Israel's encampment there, echoing the same geographic detail.
  • Psalm 78:13-14 (thematic): Poetic retelling of the Exodus motif: God led by a pillar of cloud/fire and divided the sea so Israel passed through—themes tied to Israel's encampment and crossing.
  • Psalm 106:9 (thematic): Recapitulation of the Red Sea event—'He rebuked the Red Sea, and it was dried up'—connects to the setting at the sea where deliverance occurs after the encampment.
  • Isaiah 51:10 (allusion): Prophetic allusion to God drying the sea and making a way for the redeemed; reinterprets the Exodus crossing (the same event implied by the encampment at the sea) as a foundational act of salvation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Speak to the sons of Israel, that they turn back and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea; before Baal-zephon—opposite it you shall encamp by the sea.
  • Speak to the sons of Israel, that they turn back and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea; before Baal-zephon; opposite it you shall camp by the sea.
3 'And Pharaoh will say of the sons of Israel, “They are bewildered in the land; the wilderness has shut them in.”'

Exo.14.3 - Details

Original Text

ואמר פרעה לבני ישראל נבכים הם בארץ סגר עליהם המדבר׃

Morphology

  • ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לבני: PREP
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נבכים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
  • בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
  • סגר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • המדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:4 (structural): God announces he will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that Pharaoh’s pursuit — and his statement that Israel is ‘shut in’ — will display God’s power and bring about deliverance.
  • Exodus 14:9 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Pharaoh and his chariots pursue the Israelites because he believes they are trapped in the wilderness as he declared in 14:3.
  • Exodus 14:28–30 (thematic): Contrast to Pharaoh’s assumption in 14:3: the waters return and the Egyptian army is destroyed, showing that Israel was not abandoned but delivered by God.
  • Psalm 114:1–3 (thematic): Poetic retelling of the sea’s flight and Israel’s deliverance; echoes the reversal of Pharaoh’s expectation that Israel was trapped in the wilderness and instead emphasizes God’s saving intervention.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Pharaoh will say of the sons of Israel, They are confused in the land; the wilderness has shut them in.
  • And Pharaoh will say of the sons of Israel, They are bewildered in the land; the wilderness has shut them in.
4 ''And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, and he will pursue after them; and I will get glory over Pharaoh and over all his army, and Egypt shall know that I am YHWH.' And they did so.

Exo.14.4 - Details

Original Text

וחזקתי את־ לב־ פרעה ורדף אחריהם ואכבדה בפרעה ובכל־ חילו וידעו מצרים כי־ אני יהוה ויעשו־ כן׃

Morphology

  • וחזקתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,n,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ורדף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • ואכבדה: VERB,hiphil,impf,1,n,sg
  • בפרעה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובכל: CONJ+PREP
  • חילו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • וידעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויעשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • כן: ADV

Parallels

  • Exodus 4:21 (verbal): Same declaration—God tells Moses he will harden Pharaoh's heart so that Pharaoh will not let the people go; repeats the key verbal motif of divine hardening found in 14:4.
  • Exodus 7:3-4 (verbal): Early statement of the same purpose: God will harden Pharaoh's heart and multiply signs and wonders, linking hardening to the display of God's power over Egypt.
  • Exodus 10:1-2 (verbal): God explicitly explains that he will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that his wonders may be told and the nations will know the LORD—same intent stated in 14:4 about God's vindication and revelation.
  • Romans 9:17-18 (allusion): Paul cites Pharaoh as an example of God raising someone up and hardening a heart to display divine power and mercy/justice—echoes the theological rationale in Exodus 14:4.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, and he will pursue after them; and I will get glory over Pharaoh and over all his army, and the Egyptians shall know that I am YHWH. And they did so.
  • And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, and he will pursue after them; and I will be glorified through Pharaoh and through all his army, and Egypt shall know that I am YHWH. And they did so.
5 And it was told to the king of Egypt that the people had fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was changed toward the people, and they said, 'What is this we have done, that we have sent Israel away from serving us?'

Exo.14.5 - Details

Original Text

ויגד למלך מצרים כי ברח העם ויהפך לבב פרעה ועבדיו אל־ העם ויאמרו מה־ זאת עשינו כי־ שלחנו את־ ישראל מעבדנו׃

Morphology

  • ויגד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • ברח: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויהפך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לבב: NOUN,m,sg,const
  • פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ועבדיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • מה: PRON,int
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • עשינו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • שלחנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מעבדנו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:1,pl

Parallels

  • Exod.14.8 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel — the LORD hardens Pharaoh’s heart and he pursues Israel, explaining why Pharaoh reverses course and attacks after letting the people go.
  • Exod.14.11-12 (thematic): Israelites echo similar language of reproach: they ask Moses 'What have you done... that you have brought us out of Egypt?' — parallels the complaint about having allowed Israel to depart.
  • Exod.5.21 (thematic): Earlier complaint of the Israelite elders to Moses that his actions have made them abhorrent to Pharaoh and his servants — similar theme of blame and consequences tied to Israel’s departure.
  • Exod.15.9 (quotation): In the Song of Moses Moses recounts Pharaoh’s boastful intent to pursue and overtake Israel ('I will pursue, I will overtake...'), echoing Pharaoh’s decision in 14:5 to go after the fleeing people.
  • Exod.9.12 (verbal): Recurring theological motif: 'the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart.' This verse parallels the explanation given elsewhere (including 14:8) for Pharaoh’s reversal and hostile pursuit after the Israelites’ escape.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it was told to the king of Egypt that the people had fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the people, and they said, What is this we have done, that we have sent Israel away from serving us?
  • And it was told to the king of Egypt that the people had fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the people, and they said, What is this we have done, that we have sent Israel away from serving us?
6 And he harnessed his chariot and took his people with him.

Exo.14.6 - Details

Original Text

ויאסר את־ רכבו ואת־ עמו לקח עמו׃

Morphology

  • ויאסר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • רכבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exod.14:8 (verbal): Immediate repetition/expansion — Pharaoh ‘took’ his chariot(s) with him; v.8 gives the specific force (600 chosen chariots), echoing the same action.
  • Exod.14:9 (structural): Direct narrative continuation — describes the Egyptian pursuit (chariots, horsemen) that follows Pharaoh’s taking of his chariots and people.
  • Exod.15:4 (quotation): The Song of Moses recounts the same event, explicitly naming Pharaoh’s chariots and host as being cast into the sea — poetic retelling of the pursuit begun in 14:6.
  • Psalm 106:9-12 (thematic): Liturgical/poetic reflection on the Exodus — recalls God’s rebuke of the Red Sea and deliverance from Egypt, thematically tied to Pharaoh’s pursuit and Israel’s rescue.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So he harnessed his chariot and took his people with him.
  • And he harnessed his chariot, and he took his people with him.
7 And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, with officers over them all.

Exo.14.7 - Details

Original Text

ויקח שש־ מאות רכב בחור וכל רכב מצרים ושלשם על־ כלו׃

Morphology

  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • רכב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בחור: ADJ,m,sg
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • רכב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ושלשם: CONJ
  • על: PREP
  • כלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exod.14.6 (verbal): Immediate context: Pharaoh readied and took his chariot and went after Israel—prepares the same military force described in v.7.
  • Exod.14.9 (structural): Narrative continuation: the Egyptians pursue Israel with all Pharaoh’s horses, chariots, and horsemen—direct consequence and parallel depiction of the chariot force.
  • Exod.15.4 (thematic): Song of the Sea recounts the fate of Pharaoh’s chariots and horsemen cast into the sea—theologically links Egypt’s military power (chariots) with God’s defeat of them.
  • Judg.4:3 (thematic): Describes Jabin’s great chariot force (900 chariots) as Israel’s military antagonist—parallels the ancient Near Eastern use of chariots as principal military strength.
  • Ps.20:7 (thematic): Contrasts human reliance on chariots and horses with trust in the LORD—echoes the implicit theological critique of trusting Egypt’s chariotry in Exodus 14.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and officers over all of them.
  • And he took six hundred choice chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and officers over all of them.
8 And YHWH hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the sons of Israel; and the sons of Israel were going out with a high hand.

Exo.14.8 - Details

Original Text

ויחזק יהוה את־ לב פרעה מלך מצרים וירדף אחרי בני ישראל ובני ישראל יצאים ביד רמה׃

Morphology

  • ויחזק: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • וירדף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אחרי: PREP
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יצאים: VERB,qal,part,,m,pl
  • ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • רמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:4 (quotation): Immediate parallel in the same chapter: God declares he will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that he will pursue Israel (same idea and wording).
  • Exodus 4:21 (quotation): Earlier statement that God will harden Pharaoh’s heart and that Pharaoh will let the people go only after God’s signs — establishes the hardening motif leading to the pursuit and exodus.
  • Exodus 7:3-4 (quotation): Explicit promise that God will harden Pharaoh’s heart and multiply signs, so that God’s power and name will be displayed — background for Pharaoh’s pursuit.
  • Exodus 9:12 (verbal): One of the formulaic repetitions: 'the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart' — the same verbal motif explaining Pharaoh’s continued pursuit and refusal.
  • Romans 9:17-18 (allusion): Paul cites the Exodus hardening of Pharaoh to make a theological point about God’s sovereignty in hardening hearts, echoing the event behind Exodus 14:8.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And YHWH hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the sons of Israel, while the sons of Israel were going out with a high hand.
  • And YHWH hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the sons of Israel; and the sons of Israel were going out with a high hand.
9 And the Egyptians pursued after them and overtook them, encamped by the sea—all the horses of Pharaoh’s chariots, and his horsemen, and his army—at Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon.

Exo.14.9 - Details

Original Text

וירדפו מצרים אחריהם וישיגו אותם חנים על־ הים כל־ סוס רכב פרעה ופרשיו וחילו על־ פי החירת לפני בעל צפן׃

Morphology

  • וירדפו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • וישיגו: VERB,hiphil,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • חנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • על: PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • כל: DET
  • סוס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רכב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ופרשיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • וחילו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • החירת: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • לפני: PREP
  • בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צפן: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exod.14:5-7 (structural): Immediate narrative setup: Pharaoh readies his chariots and horsemen and sends them in pursuit — the antecedent to v.9's statement that the Egyptians pursued.
  • Exod.14:23-28 (structural): Narrative continuation and fulfillment: God parts the sea, the Israelites cross, and the Egyptian chariots and horsemen are overtaken and destroyed — the outcome of the pursuit in v.9.
  • Exod.15:4-5 (verbal): Moses' song recounts the same episode using similar vocabulary (chariots, horsemen, pursuit) and depicts the enemy's pursuit and drowning at the sea.
  • Ps.77:16-20 (allusion): Poetic retelling of the Red Sea event: the psalmist recalls God dividing the waters and overthrowing the pursuing enemy, echoing the scene of pursuit and deliverance in v.9.
  • Ps.106:9-11 (thematic): Confessional/summary recollection of the Exodus: God rebuked the Red Sea and routed the pursuing forces to bring Israel through — thematically parallel to the Egyptians overtaking and being defeated.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the Egyptians pursued after them, and they overtook them encamping by the sea—every horse of Pharaoh’s chariots and his horsemen and his army—by Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon.
  • And the Egyptians pursued after them and overtook them, encamped by the sea—every horse of Pharaoh’s chariots, and his horsemen, and his army—at Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon.
10 And when Pharaoh drew near, the sons of Israel lifted up their eyes, and behold, Egypt was marching after them; and they feared greatly, and the sons of Israel cried out to YHWH.

Exo.14.10 - Details

Original Text

ופרעה הקריב וישאו בני־ ישראל את־ עיניהם והנה מצרים ׀ נסע אחריהם וייראו מאד ויצעקו בני־ ישראל אל־ יהוה׃

Morphology

  • ופרעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הקריב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • וישאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עיניהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3mp
  • והנה: ADV
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • נסע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • וייראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מאד: ADV
  • ויצעקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exod 14:11 (verbal): Immediate continuation: the Israelites voice their fear and complaint to Moses after seeing the Egyptians—same scene and response (raises eyes, fear, cry).
  • Ps 106:7-12 (allusion): The psalm recounts Israel’s terror at the Red Sea and their cry to the LORD, retelling the Exodus scene and God’s deliverance (explicitly alluding to the event in Exod 14).
  • Num 14:2-4 (thematic): The congregation reacts to a threatening situation with mass fear, weeping, and desire to return to Egypt—similar communal panic and distrust of God’s plan.
  • Judg 6:6-7 (thematic): When oppressed by enemies the Israelites ‘cried out’ to the LORD for deliverance—parallels the pattern of communal fear followed by crying to God in times of danger.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Pharaoh drew near, and the sons of Israel lifted their eyes, and behold, Egypt was marching after them, and they were very afraid; and the sons of Israel cried out to YHWH.
  • And Pharaoh drew near; and the sons of Israel lifted up their eyes, and look, Egypt was marching after them, and they were very afraid; and the sons of Israel cried out to YHWH.
11 And they said to Moses, 'Is it for lack of graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? What is this you have done to us, to bring us out of Egypt?'

Exo.14.11 - Details

Original Text

ויאמרו אל־ משה המבלי אין־ קברים במצרים לקחתנו למות במדבר מה־ זאת עשית לנו להוציאנו ממצרים׃

Morphology

  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המבלי: PART
  • אין: PART,neg
  • קברים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לקחתנו: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg+PRON,1,pl
  • למות: VERB,qal,inf
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מה: PRON,int
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • להוציאנו: VERB,hiph,inf+PRON,1,pl
  • ממצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 16:3 (verbal): Israelites say they would rather have died in Egypt than perish in the wilderness—same complaint blaming Moses for bringing them out.
  • Numbers 14:2-4 (verbal): The congregation declares ‘Would God we had died in the land of Egypt,’ and even plots to return—closely parallels the Red Sea reproach.
  • Deuteronomy 1:26-28 (thematic): Moses’ later retelling of the people’s murmuring in the wilderness—accusing God/Moses of bringing them out to die echoes Exod 14:11.
  • Psalm 106:7,13 (allusion): The psalm recounts Israel’s forgetfulness and complaints (including at the Red Sea) and laments their desire to return to Egypt.
  • Hebrews 3:16-19 (thematic): New Testament citation of the Israelites’ unbelief and rebellion in the wilderness—uses their complaining as a warning, referring to the same episodes of murmur and refusal to trust.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they said to Moses, Is it because there are no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? What is this you have done to us, to bring us out from Egypt?
  • And they said to Moses, Is it because there are no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? What is this you have done to us, bringing us out of Egypt?
12 'Is not this the word that we spoke to you in Egypt, saying, “Leave us alone, and let us serve the Egyptians”? For it would be better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.'

Exo.14.12 - Details

Original Text

הלא־ זה הדבר אשר דברנו אליך במצרים לאמר חדל ממנו ונעבדה את־ מצרים כי טוב לנו עבד את־ מצרים ממתנו במדבר׃

Morphology

  • הלא: PART
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • דברנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
  • אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • חדל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ונעבדה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ממתנו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss,1,pl
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 14:2-4 (verbal): After the spies' report the people say, “Would that we had died in the land of Egypt… Let us choose a leader and go back to Egypt,” explicitly echoing the preference for Egyptian bondage in Exod 14:12.
  • Deuteronomy 1:27-28 (verbal): Moses’ retelling of the wilderness rebellion: the people murmured that they would rather have died in Egypt or the wilderness and spoke of returning to Egypt, restating the same complaint.
  • Psalm 106:7,13-14 (thematic): The psalm recounts Israel’s repeated forgetting of God, lusting after Egypt and testing the Lord in the wilderness — a poetic summary of the attitude expressed in Exod 14:12.
  • Acts 7:39-40 (allusion): In Stephen’s speech the fathers are said to have ‘turned back to Egypt’ in their hearts; the speech retells the Exodus-era refusal and desire to return to slavery described in Exod 14:12.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:10 (thematic): Paul warns Christians ‘do not grumble’ citing the Israelites’ wilderness complaints as an example of rebellion, using the same motif of murmuring and regret about leaving Egypt.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Is not this the word that we spoke to you in Egypt, saying, Leave us alone, that we may serve Egypt? For it is better for us to serve Egypt than to die in the wilderness.
  • Is not this the word that we spoke to you in Egypt, saying, Leave us alone, and let us serve Egypt? For it is better for us to serve Egypt than for us to die in the wilderness.
13 And Moses said to the people, 'Do not fear; stand firm, and see the salvation of YHWH, which he will do for you today; for as you have seen the Egyptians today, you shall see them no more, forever.'

Exo.14.13 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר משה אל־ העם אל־ תיראו התיצבו וראו את־ ישועת יהוה אשר־ יעשה לכם היום כי אשר ראיתם את־ מצרים היום לא תסיפו לראתם עוד עד־ עולם׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • תיראו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • התיצבו: VERB,hitpael,impv,2,m,pl
  • וראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ישועת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • ראיתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תסיפו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • לראתם: VERB,qal,inf,3,m,pl
  • עוד: ADV
  • עד: PREP
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Chronicles 20:17 (quotation): Very close verbal echo: 'set yourselves, stand ye still, and see the salvation of the LORD' — same command to cease fighting and trust God for deliverance.
  • Isaiah 43:16,18 (verbal): God declares 'I make a way in the sea' and urges not to 'remember the former things' — echoes the miracle at the sea and the promise that Egypt will be seen no more.
  • Psalm 77:19 (allusion): Speaks of God's 'way in the sea' and his path through the waters — a poetic reflection on the Red Sea deliverance invoked by Exodus 14:13.
  • Psalm 106:7-12 (thematic): Retells Israel's deliverance at the Red Sea, highlighting God's salvation from Egypt and the people's response — thematically parallel to Moses' assurance of God's salvation.
  • Hebrews 11:29 (thematic): New Testament reference to the Exodus event: 'By faith they passed through the Red sea as by dry land' — interprets the Red Sea crossing as an act of God's saving power referenced in Exodus 14:13.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses said to the people, Do not fear; stand firm and see the salvation of YHWH, which he will do for you today; for the Egyptians whom you have seen today, you will never again see them, forever.
  • And Moses said to the people, Do not fear; stand firm, and see the salvation of YHWH, which he will do for you today; for the Egyptians whom you see today you shall never see again, forever.
14 'YHWH will fight for you, and you—keep silent.'

Exo.14.14 - Details

Original Text

יהוה ילחם לכם ואתם תחרישון׃

Morphology

  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ילחם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
  • ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
  • תחרישון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Deut 1:30 (verbal): A near-identical promise: 'The LORD your God who goes before you will fight for you,' echoing the same assurance that God will fight on Israel's behalf.
  • Deut 3:22 (verbal): Directly tells Israel not to fear because 'it is the LORD your God who fights for you,' paralleling the Exodus declaration that the LORD will fight and Israel should be silent.
  • 1 Sam 17:47 (thematic): David before Goliath declares the victory belongs to the LORD ('the battle is the LORD's'), emphasizing divine, not human, agency in deliverance—same theological point as Exodus 14:14.
  • 2 Chron 20:15-17 (quotation): The prophetic assurance to Jehoshaphat: 'Do not be afraid... the battle is not yours but God's... you will not have to fight,' closely paralleling the content and tone of Exodus 14:14.
  • Ps 46:10 (thematic): 'Be still, and know that I am God' complements 'you shall hold your peace'—both call for silence/trust in God's sovereign deliverance rather than human action.

Alternative generated candidates

  • YHWH will fight for you, and you, be silent.
  • YHWH will fight for you, and you—be silent.
15 And YHWH said to Moses, 'Why do you cry out to me? Speak to the sons of Israel, and let them set out.'

Exo.14.15 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהוה אל־ משה מה־ תצעק אלי דבר אל־ בני־ ישראל ויסעו׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מה: PRON,int
  • תצעק: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויסעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:13-14 (structural): Immediate context: Moses tells Israel to 'stand still' and rely on the LORD to fight for them—this contrasts with 14:15 where God commands Moses to instruct Israel to advance.
  • Exodus 3:7-10 (thematic): God commissions Moses to deliver Israel from Egypt and bring them out—parallels God's ongoing direction to Moses as leader and agent of Israel's movement.
  • Joshua 3:5-8 (thematic): Before crossing the Jordan God instructs Joshua and the people to prepare and then move forward; parallels the divine command to advance through a body of water under God's power.
  • Psalm 77:19 (allusion): Poetic recollection of 'Thy way was in the sea'—an allusive reference to the same Red Sea deliverance occasion that 14:15 concerns.
  • Hebrews 11:29 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the Exodus crossing ('By faith they passed through the Red Sea'), linking the event in which God ordered Israel to move forward to themes of faith and deliverance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And YHWH said to Moses, Why do you cry to me? Speak to the sons of Israel, that they set out.
  • And YHWH said to Moses, Why do you cry out to me? Speak to the sons of Israel, that they set out.
16 'And you—lift up your staff, and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it, and let the sons of Israel come into the midst of the sea on dry ground.'

Exo.14.16 - Details

Original Text

ואתה הרם את־ מטך ונטה את־ ידך על־ הים ובקעהו ויבאו בני־ ישראל בתוך הים ביבשה׃

Morphology

  • ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
  • הרם: VERB,hif,imp,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מטך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ונטה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • ובקעהו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+3ms
  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בתוך: PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • ביבשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:21 (verbal): Same scene: Moses stretches out his hand (and/or staff) over the sea so that the LORD drives the sea back — direct narrative parallel to the command to lift the staff and stretch out the hand.
  • Exodus 14:26 (verbal): Narrative continuation: Moses stretches out his hand and the waters return — echoes the action commanded in 14:16 and its immediate outcome.
  • Exodus 15:8 (quotation): Song of Moses recounts the divine act poetically ('At the blast of your nostrils the waters piled up') — a poetic retelling of the same event.
  • Psalm 77:16–20 (allusion): The psalmist recalls God dividing the sea and leading Israel through the waters — an explicit allusion to the Exodus crossing and divine deliverance.
  • Joshua 3:14–17 (structural): Israel crosses the Jordan on dry ground after divine/ritual action by the priests — a later narrative that mirrors the Exodus crossing in structure and theological significance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And you—lift up your staff, and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it, and the sons of Israel shall come into the midst of the sea on dry ground.
  • And you—lift up your staff, and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it, and the sons of Israel shall come into the midst of the sea on dry ground.
17 'And as for me, behold, I am hardening the heart of the Egyptians, and they will go in after them; and I will get glory over Pharaoh and over all his army, over his chariots and over his horsemen.'

Exo.14.17 - Details

Original Text

ואני הנני מחזק את־ לב מצרים ויבאו אחריהם ואכבדה בפרעה ובכל־ חילו ברכבו ובפרשיו׃

Morphology

  • ואני: PRON,1,sg
  • הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
  • מחזק: VERB,piel,ptc,NA,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • ואכבדה: VERB,hiphil,imf,1,NA,sg
  • בפרעה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובכל: CONJ+PREP
  • חילו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ברכבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ובפרשיו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exod.4:21 (verbal): Same formula about God hardening Pharaoh/the Egyptians' hearts so they will pursue Israel; echoes the divine intent to display God's power and purposes.
  • Exod.7:3-5 (verbal): Declares God will harden Pharaoh's heart and multiply signs and wonders in Egypt so that God's name and power will be known—closely parallels the purpose language of 14:17.
  • Exod.14:8 (verbal): Immediate narrative parallel: here the LORD actively hardens Pharaoh's heart at the Red Sea episode, reflecting the same action described in 14:17.
  • Rom.9:17 (allusion): Paul cites the Pharaoh episode (and similar language) to argue that God raised up Pharaoh to display his power and make his name known — a theological reprise of the purpose stated in 14:17.
  • Ps.106:8 (thematic): Speaks of God saving and acting 'for his name's sake' so that his power would be made known—echoes the motif of God's actions directed to his own honor found in 14:17.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And I—behold, I am hardening the heart of Egypt, and they shall go in after them; and I will get glory over Pharaoh and over all his army, his chariots, and his horsemen.
  • And as for me, behold, I am hardening the heart of Egypt, and they shall go in after them; and I will be glorified through Pharaoh and through all his army, in his chariots and in his horsemen.
18 'And Egypt shall know that I am YHWH, when I am glorified over Pharaoh, over his chariots and over his horsemen.'

Exo.14.18 - Details

Original Text

וידעו מצרים כי־ אני יהוה בהכבדי בפרעה ברכבו ובפרשיו׃

Morphology

  • וידעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בהכבדי: PREP+VERB,hiphil,perf,1,sg
  • בפרעה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ברכבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff:3,m
  • ובפרשיו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:4 (verbal): Same declaration that God will gain glory over Pharaoh — nearly identical phrasing and immediate parallel within the Red Sea narrative.
  • Exodus 14:31 (thematic): Describes the result of the deliverance: Israel (and implicitly others) recognized the LORD's power — parallels the purpose that the Egyptians should 'know' the LORD.
  • Exodus 9:16 (thematic): God states He has raised up Pharaoh to demonstrate His power and make His name known — a broader statement of purpose behind Pharaoh’s role, matching the motif of divine glorification.
  • Psalm 106:8 (thematic): Speaks of God saving for His name’s sake and making His mighty power known — echoes the theological rationale that God acts to reveal Himself.
  • Romans 9:17 (quotation): Paul cites Exodus 9:16 (God raising up Pharaoh to show His power) to make a theological point — a New Testament quotation/allusion to the same purpose attributed to God's dealings with Pharaoh.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Egypt shall know that I am YHWH, when I get glory over Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen.
  • And Egypt shall know that I am YHWH, when I am glorified in Pharaoh, in his chariots and in his horsemen.
19 Then the angel of God who went before the camp of Israel moved and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them.

Exo.14.19 - Details

Original Text

ויסע מלאך האלהים ההלך לפני מחנה ישראל וילך מאחריהם ויסע עמוד הענן מפניהם ויעמד מאחריהם׃

Morphology

  • ויסע: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ההלך: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
  • לפני: PREP
  • מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • מאחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • ויסע: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • עמוד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • הענן: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מפניהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • ויעמד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מאחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 13:21-22 (verbal): Describes the same pillar of cloud/by-day and pillar of fire/by-night that went before Israel, using similar language about the cloud/fire guiding and standing over the camp.
  • Numbers 9:15-23 (verbal): Records how the cloud covered the tabernacle and governed Israel’s movements—when it lifted they journeyed, when it stayed they encamped—paralleling the cloud’s protective and directional role.
  • Exodus 23:20-23 (thematic): God promises to send an angel before Israel to guard and lead them to the promised place, echoing the protective/military role of the 'angel of God' in Exodus 14:19.
  • Psalm 78:14 (allusion): Retells Israel’s wilderness guidance: 'He led them with a cloud by day, and with a light of fire by night,' alluding to the pillar-of-cloud/fire motif that surrounds the angel’s movement in Exod 14:19.
  • Isaiah 63:9 (thematic): Speaks of 'the angel of his presence' who saved Israel in their distress—echoing the concept of a divine angelic figure acting to protect and deliver the people as in Exod 14:19.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the messenger of God who was going before the camp of Israel moved and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them.
  • And the angel of God, who went before the camp of Israel, moved and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them.
20 And it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel; and the cloud was with the darkness, and it lit up the night, and the one did not come near the other all the night.

Exo.14.20 - Details

Original Text

ויבא בין ׀ מחנה מצרים ובין מחנה ישראל ויהי הענן והחשך ויאר את־ הלילה ולא־ קרב זה אל־ זה כל־ הלילה׃

Morphology

  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בין: PREP
  • מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ובין: CONJ+PREP
  • מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • הענן: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • והחשך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויאר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הלילה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ולא: CONJ
  • קרב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • הלילה: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Exod.14:19 (verbal): Immediate context: the angel of God and the pillar of cloud move to stand between the Egyptian and Israelite camps, explaining how they were kept apart all night.
  • Exod.13:21-22 (verbal): Earlier description of the pillar of cloud by day and pillar of fire by night that guided and lit Israel’s way—same cloud/fire motif and protective light for Israel.
  • Ps.78:14-15 (thematic): Retells the Exodus tradition: God led them with a cloud by day and a fire that gave light by night, echoing the protective/separating role of the cloud and fire.
  • Ps.105:39 (thematic): Summarizes the Exodus saving acts: God spread a cloud for covering and fire to give light by night—an interpretive recollection of the cloud/fire phenomenon at the sea.
  • 1 Cor.10:1-2 (allusion): Paul alludes to Exodus traditions—saying Israel were 'baptized into the cloud and in the sea'—using the cloud/sea imagery typologically to recall divine protection and separation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel, and there was the cloud and the darkness, and it gave light to the night; and the one did not draw near the other all the night.
  • And it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel; and there was the cloud and the darkness, and it lit up the night; and the one did not come near the other all the night.
21 And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and YHWH drove the sea back by a strong east wind all the night, and he made the sea dry ground, and the waters were split.

Exo.14.21 - Details

Original Text

ויט משה את־ ידו על־ הים ויולך יהוה ׀ את־ הים ברוח קדים עזה כל־ הלילה וישם את־ הים לחרבה ויבקעו המים׃

Morphology

  • ויט: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • ויולך: VERB,hif,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • ברוח: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • קדים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • עזה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • הלילה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • לחרבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויבקעו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • המים: NOUN,m,pl,def

Parallels

  • Exod.15:8-10 (quotation): The Song of Moses retells the event—God blew with his wind, the waters stood up and covered the enemies—using the same vocabulary and imagery as the narrative.
  • Ps.114:3-6 (verbal): Poetic recall: 'The sea fled; the Jordan turned back' and the earth trembled—echoes the divided waters and the ground’s reaction to God’s presence.
  • Ps.106:9 (allusion): Historical summary that God 'rebuked the Red Sea and it dried up'; a direct retrospective reference to Israel’s passage in Exodus 14.
  • Josh.3:15-17 (thematic): The Jordan crossing where the waters were held back so the people crossed on dry ground; parallels the motif of God providing a dry path through waters for Israel.
  • 1 Cor.10:1-2 (thematic): Paul interprets Israel’s passage through the sea as a typological event (a form of baptism), using the Exodus crossing theologically in the New Testament.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and YHWH drove back the sea by a strong east wind all the night and made the sea dry ground, and the waters were split.
  • And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and YHWH drove back the sea with a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea into dry ground, and the waters were split.
22 And the sons of Israel went into the midst of the sea on dry ground, and the waters were for them a wall on their right and on their left.

Exo.14.22 - Details

Original Text

ויבאו בני־ ישראל בתוך הים ביבשה והמים להם חמה מימינם ומשמאלם׃

Morphology

  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בתוך: PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • ביבשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • והמים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • חמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מימינם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg+PRON,3,pl
  • ומשמאלם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg+PRON,3,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 66:6 (verbal): Uses the same image—'He turned the sea into dry land; they passed through the river on foot'—directly echoing Israelites' passage on dry ground.
  • Psalm 77:19–20 (allusion): Speaks of God's 'way in the sea' and leads 'your people like a flock by the hand of Moses and Aaron,' alluding to the Red Sea crossing and its leadership motif.
  • Psalm 114:3–4 (thematic): Describes the sea's flight and waters' upheaval at Israel's Exodus, thematically paralleling the miraculous crossing and waters standing as walls.
  • Hebrews 11:29 (verbal): Explicitly recounts the event: 'By faith the people passed through the Red Sea as by dry land,' echoing the dry-ground wording and faith dimension of the crossing.
  • Isaiah 63:11–12 (allusion): Recalls God remembering 'the days of old' and leading by Moses' hand, mentioning the divine act of dividing waters that brought Israel through—an interpretive retelling of the Exodus crossing.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the sons of Israel came into the midst of the sea on dry ground, and the waters were a wall for them on their right and on their left.
  • And the sons of Israel went into the midst of the sea on dry ground, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
23 And the Egyptians pursued and went in after them—all the horses of Pharaoh, his chariots and his horsemen—into the midst of the sea.

Exo.14.23 - Details

Original Text

וירדפו מצרים ויבאו אחריהם כל סוס פרעה רכבו ופרשיו אל־ תוך הים׃

Morphology

  • וירדפו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • סוס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • רכבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ופרשיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • תוך: NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:27–28 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Moses stretches out his hand, the waters return, and Pharaoh’s chariots and horsemen are overwhelmed—direct repetition/fulfillment of the pursued Egyptians going into the sea.
  • Exodus 15:1–5 (verbal): The Song of Moses celebrates Yahweh’s triumph, explicitly declaring that Pharaoh’s chariots and his host were cast into the sea—a poetic retelling of the same event.
  • Psalm 136:13–15 (verbal): Liturgical/psalmic retelling that credits God with dividing the Red Sea and overthrowing Pharaoh and his host in the sea, echoing the Exodus imagery.
  • Hebrews 11:29 (allusion): New Testament theological summary: by faith the people passed through the Red Sea and the Egyptians attempting the same were drowned—an explicit allusion to the Exodus episode and its theological significance.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:1–2 (thematic): Paul uses the Red Sea crossing typologically (baptism into Moses/cloud and sea), referencing the same crossing and its corporate/typological meaning for Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the Egyptians pursued and came after them—every horse of Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen—into the midst of the sea.
  • And the Egyptians pursued and went in after them—all Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots, and his horsemen—into the midst of the sea.
24 And it came to pass in the morning watch that YHWH looked down upon the camp of Egypt in the pillar of fire and cloud, and he threw the camp of Egypt into panic.

Exo.14.24 - Details

Original Text

ויהי באשמרת הבקר וישקף יהוה אל־ מחנה מצרים בעמוד אש וענן ויהם את מחנה מצרים׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • באשמרת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישקף: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בעמוד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וענן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויהם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:19 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel in the same scene: the angel of God stands between the camps, preparing the setting in which God looks upon and troubles the Egyptians.
  • Exodus 14:27 (structural): Continuation/parallel of the same episode: Moses stretches out his hand and the LORD acts against the Egyptians, completing the divine assault described in 14:24.
  • Psalm 77:16-20 (verbal): Uses similar language and motifs—'the waters were troubled,' God leading by cloud and pillar of fire—echoing the picture of God looking through the pillar and afflicting Egypt.
  • Isaiah 63:11-14 (allusion): Recalls the Exodus: God remembered Moses, led Israel with a cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night, and executed judgment on Egypt—an explicit allusion to the same divine actions in 14:24.
  • Psalm 106:9 (thematic): Summarizes the Red Sea deliverance—'He rebuked the Red Sea'—thematising God's intervention against Egypt that is enacted in Exodus 14:24.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it came to pass, in the morning watch, that YHWH looked down on the camp of Egypt in the pillar of fire and cloud, and he threw the camp of Egypt into panic.
  • And it came to pass, at the morning watch, that YHWH looked down on the camp of Egypt through the pillar of fire and cloud, and he threw the camp of Egypt into confusion.
25 And he removed the wheels of their chariots and made them drive with difficulty; and Egypt said, 'Let us flee from before Israel, for YHWH is fighting for them against Egypt.'

Exo.14.25 - Details

Original Text

ויסר את אפן מרכבתיו וינהגהו בכבדת ויאמר מצרים אנוסה מפני ישראל כי יהוה נלחם להם במצרים

Morphology

  • ויסר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אפן: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • מרכבתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,sg
  • וינהגהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,prn:3,m,sg
  • בכבדת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אנוסה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מפני: PREP
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • נלחם: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Exod.14.14 (verbal): Same assurance wording and immediate context: 'The LORD will fight for you' — the claim that Yahweh fights for Israel parallels the statement that causes Egyptian panic.
  • Deut.1.30 (verbal): Promise that 'the LORD your God who goes before you will fight for you' referring back to the Exodus deliverance — echoes the motif of God fighting on Israel's behalf against Egypt.
  • Exod.15.3-4 (allusion): The Song of Moses depicts Yahweh as a warrior who 'threw into the sea' Pharaoh's chariots and host — a poetic retelling of the same divine intervention that immobilized the Egyptian chariots.
  • 2 Chron.20.15 (thematic): Jehoshaphat is told 'the battle is not yours but God's' and the enemy is routed — a parallel theological motif of God fighting for Israel and causing the enemy's defeat.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he removed the wheels of their chariots and made them drive with difficulty; and the Egyptians said, Let us flee from before Israel, for YHWH is fighting for them against Egypt.
  • And he removed the wheels of their chariots and made them drive with difficulty; and the Egyptians said, Let us flee from before Israel, for YHWH is fighting for them against Egypt.
26 Then YHWH said to Moses, 'Stretch out your hand over the sea, and the waters will return upon Egypt, upon his chariots and upon his horsemen.'

Exo.14.26 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהוה אל־ משה נטה את־ ידך על־ הים וישבו המים על־ מצרים על־ רכבו ועל־ פרשיו׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נטה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • על: PREP
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • על: PREP
  • רכבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • פרשיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp

Parallels

  • Exod.14.28 (verbal): Immediate narrative fulfillment: the waters returned and covered Pharaoh's chariots and horsemen, echoing the command in 14:26.
  • Exod.15:4-5 (quotation): The Song of Moses recounts the same event poetically—God cast Pharaoh's chariots into the sea and the deep covered them.
  • Ps.77:16-19 (allusion): Poetic retelling of God dividing the sea and overwhelming the enemy; imagery parallels the sea returning on Egypt.
  • Ps.106:9-12 (thematic): Historical confession that God rebuked the Red Sea and routed Pharaoh's army—reflects the deliverance/destruction theme of 14:26.
  • Heb.11:29 (allusion): New Testament reference to the Exodus: Israel passed through the sea by faith, while the Egyptians who pursued were drowned when the waters returned.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And YHWH said to Moses, Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the waters may return upon Egypt, upon his chariots and upon his horsemen.
  • And YHWH said to Moses, Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the waters may return upon Egypt, upon his chariots and upon his horsemen.
27 And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned at the turning of the morning to its strength, and the Egyptians were fleeing against it; and YHWH shook off the Egyptians in the midst of the sea.

Exo.14.27 - Details

Original Text

ויט משה את־ ידו על־ הים וישב הים לפנות בקר לאיתנו ומצרים נסים לקראתו וינער יהוה את־ מצרים בתוך הים׃

Morphology

  • ויט: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • לפנות: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאיתנו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • ומצרים: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,pl,abs
  • נסים: VERB,qal,ptcp,m,pl
  • לקראתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m
  • וינער: VERB,piel,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בתוך: PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:21 (verbal): Same scene earlier in the chapter: Moses stretches out his hand over the sea and God divides the waters — closely related verbal/actional parallel to v.27's reversal of the waters.
  • Exodus 15:4-5 (quotation): The Song of Moses recounts the event, declaring that Pharaoh's chariots and host were cast into the sea — a poetic retelling of the overthrow described in 14:27.
  • Psalm 106:9 (allusion): Psalmic retelling: 'He rebuked the Red Sea, and it was dried up,' recalling God's control over the sea and the destruction of the Egyptians.
  • Hebrews 11:29 (thematic): New Testament reflection: attributes Israel's crossing of the sea (and the Egyptians' drowning) to faith — echoes the deliverance and judgment reported in Exodus 14:27.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned, at the turning of the morning, to its strength, and the Egyptians were fleeing toward it; and YHWH shook off Egypt in the midst of the sea.
  • And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and toward morning the sea returned to its normal state, and the Egyptians were fleeing toward it; and YHWH shook off Egypt in the midst of the sea.
28 And the waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen, all the army of Pharaoh that went after them into the sea; not even one of them remained.

Exo.14.28 - Details

Original Text

וישבו המים ויכסו את־ הרכב ואת־ הפרשים לכל חיל פרעה הבאים אחריהם בים לא־ נשאר בהם עד־ אחד׃

Morphology

  • וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ויכסו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הרכב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • הפרשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • לכל: PREP
  • חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הבאים: PART,qal,ptcp,masc,pl,def
  • אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • בים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נשאר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • עד: PREP
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exod.15:4-5 (quotation): The Song of Moses recounts the drowning of Pharaoh’s chariots and horsemen in the sea, repeating the imagery and outcome of Exod 14:28.
  • Psalm 136:15 (thematic): Celebratory retelling that God overthrew Pharaoh and his host in the Red Sea, echoing the deliverance and destruction described in Exod 14:28.
  • Psalm 78:53-54 (verbal): Narrative psalm retells the crossing—God divided the sea and caused the waters to stand as a heap—paralleling the miraculous defeat of Egypt in Exod 14:28.
  • Isaiah 63:11-12 (allusion): Prophetic recollection of the Exodus depicts God leading Israel through the sea and defeating the pursuing host, alluding to the same event recorded in Exod 14:28.
  • Hebrews 11:29 (allusion): New Testament reference that affirms by faith the Israelites passed through the Red Sea while the Egyptians attempting to follow were drowned, alluding to the historical claim of Exod 14:28.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen, even all the army of Pharaoh that had come after them into the sea; there did not remain of them even one.
  • And the waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen, even all the army of Pharaoh that was coming after them into the sea; not even one of them remained.
29 But the sons of Israel walked on dry ground in the midst of the sea, and the waters were for them a wall on their right and on their left.

Exo.14.29 - Details

Original Text

ובני ישראל הלכו ביבשה בתוך הים והמים להם חמה מימינם ומשמאלם

Morphology

  • ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הלכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ביבשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בתוך: PREP
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • והמים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • חמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מימינם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ומשמאלם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 15:8-10 (quotation): The Song of Moses immediately retells the same event, using the same imagery ('the waters were gathered; the floods stood upright'), a poetic quotation/retelling of the crossing.
  • Psalm 66:6 (verbal): Explicit verbal echo: 'He turned the sea into dry land; they went through the flood on foot,' directly recalling the sea made dry and Israel passing through.
  • Psalm 78:13-14 (allusion): A poetic allusion to the Exodus crossing—'He divided the sea and made the waters stand as a heap'—recounting the standing waters and passage.
  • Joshua 3:14-17 (structural): A parallel miraculous crossing (the Jordan): the people pass on dry ground while the waters are held back, mirroring the structure and theology of the Red Sea event.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:1-2 (allusion): Paul alludes to Israel's passage through the sea as a typological event ('they were all baptized into Moses... in the sea'), reusing the Exodus crossing as theological typology.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But the sons of Israel walked on dry ground in the midst of the sea, and the waters were a wall for them on their right and on their left.
  • But the sons of Israel walked on dry ground in the midst of the sea, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
30 Thus YHWH saved Israel that day from the hand of Egypt; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the shore of the sea.

Exo.14.30 - Details

Original Text

ויושע יהוה ביום ההוא את־ ישראל מיד מצרים וירא ישראל את־ מצרים מת על־ שפת הים׃

Morphology

  • ויושע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ביום: PREP
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מיד: PREP
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • מת: ADJ,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • שפת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def

Parallels

  • Exodus 15:1-5 (structural): The Song of Moses immediately recounts the same event — celebrates Yahweh’s salvation and the drowning of Pharaoh’s chariots and host at the sea.
  • Psalm 106:8-11 (thematic): A historical psalm retelling the exodus: Yahweh rebuked the Red Sea and delivered Israel, with the enemy overwhelmed — a poetic retelling of the deliverance and the Egyptians’ defeat.
  • Psalm 114:3-4 (thematic): A compact poetic memory of the crossing: the sea and Jordan fled/turned back at Israel’s presence, recalling the miraculous passage and triumph over Egypt.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:1-2 (verbal): Paul refers to the fathers’ passing through the sea and being 'baptized unto Moses,' using the crossing as a typological example of corporate deliverance.
  • Hebrews 11:29 (allusion): The author of Hebrews explicitly cites the Red Sea crossing as an act of faith by which Israel passed through as on dry land while the Egyptians were drowned, echoing Exodus’ saving event.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And YHWH saved Israel that day from the hand of Egypt, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the shore of the sea.
  • Thus YHWH saved Israel that day from the hand of Egypt, and Israel saw Egypt dead on the shore of the sea.
31 And Israel saw the great hand which YHWH had done against Egypt; and the people feared YHWH, and they believed in YHWH and in Moses his servant.

Exo.14.31 - Details

Original Text

וירא ישראל את־ היד הגדלה אשר עשה יהוה במצרים וייראו העם את־ יהוה ויאמינו ביהוה ובמשה עבדו׃

Morphology

  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • היד: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הגדלה: ADJ,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • וייראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמינו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • ביהוה: PREP+PN,sg
  • ובמשה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 4:31 (verbal): Uses almost identical language: the people 'believed in the LORD and in his servant Moses' after witnessing God's signs—direct verbal parallel to Israel's faith response.
  • Hebrews 11:29 (thematic): New Testament summary of the Exodus event: by faith the Israelites passed through the Red Sea—connects the crossing to faith in God, echoing Israel's belief in Exod 14:31.
  • Psalm 78:12–13 (allusion): The psalm recounts God's 'wonders in the land of Egypt' and delivering Israel by dividing the sea—an allusive retelling of the same divine act that produced fear and faith.
  • Deuteronomy 4:34 (thematic): Moses' claim that no other god has done such mighty and awesome works for a nation mirrors the emphasis on the 'great hand' of the LORD displayed in the Exodus and the resulting awe and belief.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Israel saw the great hand that YHWH had shown in Egypt, and the people feared YHWH, and they believed in YHWH and in Moses his servant.
  • And Israel saw the great hand that YHWH had used against Egypt, and the people feared YHWH, and they believed in YHWH and in Moses his servant.

And it came to pass, when Pharaoh sent the people away, that God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, for it was near; for God said, 'Lest the people change their minds when they see war and return to Egypt.' But God led the people around by the way of the wilderness toward the Sea of Reeds; and the sons of Israel went up armed from the land of Egypt. And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, for he had surely made the sons of Israel swear, saying, 'God will surely visit you, and you shall carry up my bones from here with you.' And they set out from Succoth and camped at Etham, at the edge of the wilderness. And YHWH went before them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead them on the way, and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light, to go by day and by night.

He did not remove the pillar of cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people. And YHWH said to Moses, saying:

'Speak to the sons of Israel, and let them turn back and camp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea; before Baal-zephon—opposite it you shall camp by the sea.'

'And Pharaoh will say of the sons of Israel, “They are bewildered in the land; the wilderness has shut them in.”'

''And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, and he will pursue after them; and I will get glory over Pharaoh and over all his army, and Egypt shall know that I am YHWH.' And they did so. And it was told to the king of Egypt that the people had fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was changed toward the people, and they said, 'What is this we have done, that we have sent Israel away from serving us?' And he harnessed his chariot and took his people with him. And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, with officers over them all. And YHWH hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the sons of Israel; and the sons of Israel were going out with a high hand. And the Egyptians pursued after them and overtook them, encamped by the sea—all the horses of Pharaoh’s chariots, and his horsemen, and his army—at Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon. And when Pharaoh drew near, the sons of Israel lifted up their eyes, and behold, Egypt was marching after them; and they feared greatly, and the sons of Israel cried out to YHWH. And they said to Moses, 'Is it for lack of graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? What is this you have done to us, to bring us out of Egypt?'

'Is not this the word that we spoke to you in Egypt, saying, “Leave us alone, and let us serve the Egyptians”? For it would be better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.' And Moses said to the people, 'Do not fear; stand firm, and see the salvation of YHWH, which he will do for you today; for as you have seen the Egyptians today, you shall see them no more, forever.'

'YHWH will fight for you, and you—keep silent.' And YHWH said to Moses, 'Why do you cry out to me? Speak to the sons of Israel, and let them set out.'

'And you—lift up your staff, and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it, and let the sons of Israel come into the midst of the sea on dry ground.'

'And as for me, behold, I am hardening the heart of the Egyptians, and they will go in after them; and I will get glory over Pharaoh and over all his army, over his chariots and over his horsemen.'

'And Egypt shall know that I am YHWH, when I am glorified over Pharaoh, over his chariots and over his horsemen.'

Then the angel of God who went before the camp of Israel moved and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them. And it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel; and the cloud was with the darkness, and it lit up the night, and the one did not come near the other all the night. And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and YHWH drove the sea back by a strong east wind all the night, and he made the sea dry ground, and the waters were split. And the sons of Israel went into the midst of the sea on dry ground, and the waters were for them a wall on their right and on their left. And the Egyptians pursued and went in after them—all the horses of Pharaoh, his chariots and his horsemen—into the midst of the sea. And it came to pass in the morning watch that YHWH looked down upon the camp of Egypt in the pillar of fire and cloud, and he threw the camp of Egypt into panic. And he removed the wheels of their chariots and made them drive with difficulty; and Egypt said, 'Let us flee from before Israel, for YHWH is fighting for them against Egypt.'

Then YHWH said to Moses, 'Stretch out your hand over the sea, and the waters will return upon Egypt, upon his chariots and upon his horsemen.' And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned at the turning of the morning to its strength, and the Egyptians were fleeing against it; and YHWH shook off the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. And the waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen, all the army of Pharaoh that went after them into the sea; not even one of them remained. But the sons of Israel walked on dry ground in the midst of the sea, and the waters were for them a wall on their right and on their left. Thus YHWH saved Israel that day from the hand of Egypt; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the shore of the sea. And Israel saw the great hand which YHWH had done against Egypt; and the people feared YHWH, and they believed in YHWH and in Moses his servant.