Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work
2 Chronicles 4:1-5:1
2 C.4.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נחשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ארכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רחבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,m,sg
- ועשר: CONJ+NUM,f,pl
- אמות: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- קומתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3ms-suff
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:27 (verbal): Parallel description in the account of Solomon’s temple-work giving the same bronze altar and its dimensions (Solomon’s temple inventory parallels Chronicles).
- Exodus 38:1 (structural): Description of the bronze (burnt‑offering) altar in the tabernacle—specific dimensions (5×5×3 cubits)—provides an earlier cultic model against which Solomon’s much larger altar is contrasted.
- Exodus 27:1 (thematic): God’s instructions for constructing the altar for the tabernacle (materials, shape, and dimensions) provide the legal/ritual background for later temple altars.
- 1 Kings 9:25 (allusion): Notes Solomon’s regular offering of burnt offerings at the altar he built before the LORD—connects the altar’s description with its liturgical function in Solomon’s reign.
Alternative generated candidates
- He made the bronze altar — its length twenty cubits, its breadth twenty cubits, its height ten cubits.
- He made the bronze altar—its length twenty cubits, its breadth twenty cubits, and its height ten cubits.
2 C.4.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- מוצק: ADJ,m,sg,def
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- באמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- משפתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- שפתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- עגול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- באמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קומתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3ms-suff
- וקו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- באמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יסב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- סביב: ADV
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:23 (quotation): Nearly identical description of Solomon’s "sea": ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass—direct literary parallel between the two accounts.
- 1 Kings 7:26 (verbal): Continues the parallel description of the molten sea, adding measurements/thickness and capacity (two thousand baths), closely corresponding to the Chronicles account.
- Exodus 38:8 (thematic): Describes the bronze laver made for the tabernacle for priestly washing—thematively related as a large ritual basin of bronze/metal used for purification in worship.
- 2 Kings 25:13 (structural): After the fall of Jerusalem the Babylonians remove the temple "sea" along with pillars and stands—historical reference to the same temple feature attested in Kings/Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- He made the Sea of cast metal, ten cubits from brim to brim, round all around; its height was five cubits, and a line of thirty cubits circled it.
- He made the Sea of cast metal—ten cubits from rim to rim, round all around; its height was five cubits, and a line of thirty cubits measured its circumference.
2 C.4.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ודמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בקרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תחת: PREP
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- סביב: ADV
- סביב: ADV
- סובבים: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- באמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מקיפים: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- סביב: ADV
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- טורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יצוקים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- במצקתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:25 (verbal): Direct parallel account of the molten sea and the ten oxen (bulls) cast under it — essentially the same descriptive wording in the parallel Solomon‑temple narrative.
- 1 Kings 7:23 (structural): Introduces the 'molten sea' with its dimensions (round, ten cubits high, thirty cubits circumference), providing the broader structural context for the detail about the oxen bases.
- 2 Chronicles 4:4 (structural): Immediate parallel within Chronicles that continues the same description (placement of the sea on the south/right side of the temple) — part of the contiguous temple inventory.
- Exodus 30:18–21 (thematic): Describes the bronze laver used for priestly washing in the tabernacle — thematically parallel in function (ritual purification) and material (bronze/brass) to the molten sea and its bases.
Alternative generated candidates
- And figures of oxen were beneath it round about, encircling the Sea ten cubits all around; two rows of oxen were cast beneath it in its casting.
- And figures of oxen were beneath it, all around—ten oxen encircled the Sea; two rows of oxen were cast in its metal.
2 C.4.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עומד: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשה: NUM,m
- פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- צפונה: ADV
- ושלושה: CONJ+NUM,card,sg,m
- פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ימה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
- פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נגבה: ADV
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
- פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מזרחה: ADV,dir
- והים: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- מלמעלה: ADV
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- ביתה: NOUN,m,sg,suff-3,f,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:25 (verbal): Direct parallel in the account of Solomon’s temple: the molten sea stood on twelve oxen, three facing each cardinal direction, with the sea set on them and their backs toward the house (near-verbatim description).
- 1 Kings 7:23-26 (structural): Extended description of the molten sea, its measurements, and the twelve oxen—provides the fuller technical and literary context for the same feature described here in Chronicles.
- 2 Chronicles 4:2-6 (structural): Immediate parallel within Chronicles: the surrounding verses in the same chapter describe the molten sea, its placement on twelve oxen, and related bronze furnishings, showing close internal repetition and context.
- Ezekiel 1:10 (thematic): The fourfold orientation of figures (faces toward the four cardinal points) resonates thematically with the arrangement of the twelve oxen in groups facing north, west, south, and east—both evince symbolic ordering by cardinal directions in Israelite temple/visionary imagery.
Alternative generated candidates
- Twelve oxen stood under it — three facing north, three facing west, three facing south, and three facing east — and the Sea was upon them, their faces turned inward toward the house.
- It stood on twelve oxen: three facing north, three facing west, three facing south, and three facing east. The Sea stood on them above, and all their hindquarters were inward.
2 C.4.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועביו: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- טפח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושפתו: NOUN,f,sg,suff
- כמעשה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- כוס: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- פרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שושנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מחזיק: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg
- בתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יכיל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:23-26 (verbal): Almost identical description of Solomon’s 'sea'—dimensions, rim compared to a cup or lily, and capacity of three thousand baths (direct verbal parallel).
- 1 Kings 7:39 (structural): Catalogue of bronze vessels made for Solomon’s house that includes the 'sea', paralleling Chronicles’ inventory of temple furnishings and their function.
- Exodus 30:17-21 (thematic): Description of the bronze laver used for priestly washing—parallels the cultic function of the large basin as a water vessel for purification before service.
- 1 Chronicles 28:11-12 (structural): David’s handing over of temple plans and vessels to Solomon—connects to Chronicles’ emphasis on the design, measurements, and apparatus of the temple.
- Revelation 4:6 (thematic): The 'sea of glass' before the throne evokes temple water imagery and the motif of a pure, crystalline 'sea' associated with divine presence and cultic space.
Alternative generated candidates
- Its rim was a handbreadth thick, and its brim like the rim of a cup, like a blossom of a lily; it held three thousand baths.
- Its thickness was a handbreadth, and its rim was like the rim of a cup, like a lily blossom; it held three thousand baths.
2 C.4.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כיורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חמשה: NUM,m,pl
- מימין: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
- משמאול: PREP
- לרחצה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- מעשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העולה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg,def
- ידיחו: VERB,piel,impf,3,pl
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- והים: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לרחצה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לכהנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:38-39 (verbal): Direct parallel account in the Deuteronomistic/royal annals: describes the ten lavers placed five on the right and five on the left and that the Sea was for the priests to wash in.
- 1 Kings 7:23-26 (verbal): Description of the molten 'Sea' (its size, shape, and purpose) that corresponds to Chronicles' mention of the Sea used for priestly washing.
- Exodus 30:17-21 (thematic): Earliest tabernacle precedent for a basin/laver used by priests to wash their hands and feet before ministry—establishes the cultic function echoed in Solomon's temple furnishings.
- Leviticus 8:6 (thematic): Priestly ordination ritual in which Moses washes Aaron and his sons with water, reflecting the requirement that priests be washed/prepared before performing sacred duties.
Alternative generated candidates
- He made ten basins and placed five on the right and five on the left for washing; the work for the burnt offering they would cleanse in them, but the Sea was for the priests to wash in.
- He made ten lavers and set five on the right and five on the left for washing; they were for the work of the service to wash in them, but the Sea was for the priests to wash in.
2 C.4.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מנרות: NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- הזהב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- כמשפטם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בהיכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- חמש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מימין: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- משמאול: PREP
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:49 (verbal): Direct parallel account in the Kings material listing Solomon’s ten golden lampstands and their placement—five to the right and five to the left.
- Exodus 25:31-40 (allusion): Divine instructions for crafting the golden lampstand (menorah) 'according to the pattern'—the language and idea of making sacred lampstands to a prescribed model echo this foundational tabernacle precedent.
- Exodus 37:17-24 (thematic): Bezalel’s manufacture of the tabernacle lampstand (hammered work of pure gold) parallels the temple craftsmen’s production of ornate gold lampstands and the technical/ritual continuity between tabernacle and temple furnishings.
- 1 Chronicles 28:11-19 (structural): David’s presentation of temple plans and instructions for furnishings ('according to all that I showed you') complements Chronicles’ concern with following prescribed patterns and placements for temple vessels, including lampstands.
- Revelation 1:12-13,20 (thematic): Visionary use of golden lampstands as symbolic objects (the seven lampstands representing churches) reflects the enduring cultic and symbolic significance of temple lampstands in biblical imagination, though used here in a prophetic/symbolic context.
Alternative generated candidates
- He made ten golden lampstands according to their rule and set them in the temple — five on the right and five on the left.
- He made ten golden lampstands according to the arrangement and put them in the temple—five on the right and five on the left.
2 C.4.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שלחנות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- וינח: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בהיכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- חמשה: NUM,m,pl
- מימין: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
- משמאול: PREP
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מזרקי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:48-50 (verbal): Direct parallel/near-quotation: Kings gives the same inventory of Solomon's temple furnishings, including the ten tables (five on each side) and the hundred basins of gold.
- Leviticus 24:5-9 (thematic): Describes the table of showbread and the arrangement of the bread of the Presence — provides the cultic function that explains why multiple temple tables are made and arranged.
- Exodus 25:23-30 (structural): Priestly construction instructions for the table of showbread in the tabernacle; serves as the architectural and liturgical precedent for the temple tables Solomon made.
- 1 Chronicles 28:11-12 (cf. 28:19) (allusion): David gives Solomon plans and specifications for the temple and its furnishings; Chronicles' building account (including the placement of temple vessels) echoes these plans and the organized layout of temple furniture.
Alternative generated candidates
- He made ten tables and set them in the temple — five on the right and five on the left — and he made a hundred golden basins.
- He made ten tables and placed them in the temple—five on the right and five on the left—and he made a hundred golden basins.
2 C.4.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חצר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והעזרה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- הגדולה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- ודלתות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לעזרה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ודלתותיהם: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- צפה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נחשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:9 (quotation): Direct parallel—same wording about making the priests' court, the great court, the doors for the court, and covering their doors with bronze.
- 1 Kings 6:36 (verbal): Related discussion of temple doors—describes the construction and material of doors for the inner house, echoing the focus on doors and their fittings.
- Exodus 38:9-12 (thematic): Construction of the tabernacle court with pillars, sockets and bronze fittings—background precedent for courts, gates and bronze-covered elements in Israelite sanctuary architecture.
- Ezekiel 40:48 (structural): Part of Ezekiel’s temple measurements and court layout—structural parallel in the description of courts, gates and their arrangement around the sanctuary.
Alternative generated candidates
- He made the court of the priests and the great court and the doors for the court; and their doors were overlaid with bronze.
- He made the court of the priests and the great court, and doors for the court; and the doors of them were covered with bronze.
2 C.4.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מכתף: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הימנית: ADJ,f,sg,def
- קדמה: ADV
- ממול: ADV
- נגבה: ADV
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:39 (verbal): Direct parallel/near-quotation — describes placing the 'sea' on the right hand toward the south in Solomon's temple.
- 1 Kings 7:23–26 (thematic): Gives the dimensions and construction details of the molten sea that Chronicles earlier recounts; provides the immediate material context for its placement.
- 2 Chronicles 4:2 (structural): Immediate internal parallel within the same chapter describing the casting and size of the sea, which leads to the statement about its placement in 4:10.
- 1 Kings 7:48 (thematic): Summarizes Solomon's making of all the temple vessels, paralleling Chronicles' account in which the sea is one of the temple fittings placed and installed.
Alternative generated candidates
- He placed the Sea on the right side, toward the south.
- He set the Sea on the right side, toward the front, opposite the south.
2 C.4.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הסירות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- היעים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- המזרקות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ויכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- המלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:45-47 (verbal): Direct parallel describing Hiram's finishing of the bronze items (stands, basins, lavers) for Solomon's temple — essentially the same report as 2 Chronicles 4:11.
- 1 Kings 7:13-14 (verbal): Identifies Hiram (Huram) of Tyre as the skilled craftsman sent to work for Solomon, providing the background for the artisan who made the temple furnishings.
- 2 Chronicles 2:13-14 (verbal): Chronicles' earlier account of Huram (Hiram) being sent by the king of Tyre and described as skilled in bronze work, connecting the craftsman to the temple project.
- 1 Kings 5:15-18 (thematic): Describes Solomon's labor force, the provision of materials and skilled workers for the temple's construction — broader context for the making and completion of the temple furnishings by craftsmen like Hiram.
Alternative generated candidates
- Huram made the pots, the shovels, and the basins — all the work that Huram made for King Solomon for the house of the LORD was finished.
- Hiram made the pots, the shovels, and the basins; and Hiram finished all the work that he made for King Solomon for the house of the LORD.
2 C.4.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עמודים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- והגלות: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- והכתרות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,def
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העמודים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- שתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- והשבכות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- שתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- לכסות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- גלות: NOUN,f,sg,const
- הכתרות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העמודים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:15-22 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Solomon’s two bronze pillars, their capitals, the networks and the rows of pomegranates — essentially the same constructional details as 2 Chr 4:12.
- 2 Chronicles 4:11 (structural): Immediate context: names and placement of the two pillars (Jachin and Boaz) set up before the temple; 4:12 continues the description of their capitals and coverings.
- 2 Chronicles 3:15 (verbal): Earlier Chronicles description of the pillars and their chapiters/ornamentation (pomegranates, networks) that parallels the material and design details recapitulated in 4:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- Two pillars and two capitals on the tops of the pillars, and two wreath-like chains to cover the two capitals that were on the tops of the pillars.
- He made two pillars, and two bowls to set on the tops of the pillars, and two capitals on the bowls, and two latticeworks to cover the two bowls of the capitals which were on the tops of the pillars.
2 C.4.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- הרמונים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ארבע: NUM,card,f
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לשתי: PREP+NUM,card,f,du
- השבכות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- טורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רמונים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לשבכה: PREP
- האחת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לכסות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- גלות: NOUN,f,sg,const
- הכתרות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- העמודים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:42 (verbal): Near-verbatim description of the pomegranates in two rows on the network around the capitals of the pillars; Chronicles echoes Kings' language.
- 1 Kings 7:18 (verbal): Describes the two rows about the net to cover the capitals on the pillars, a direct verbal parallel to the Chronicles wording.
- 1 Kings 7:15-22 (structural): Broader account of the two pillars, their capitals, the network and the rows of pomegranates in Solomon's temple—provides the larger structural context for v.4:13.
- Exodus 28:33-34 (thematic): Uses pomegranates as a recurring cultic decorative motif (on the hem of the priestly robe), thematically linking pomegranate ornamentation in sacred objects and dress.
- Exodus 39:24-26 (thematic): Repeats the use of pomegranate imagery on temple vestments, reinforcing the motif of pomegranates as standard cultic ornamentation related to sanctuary fittings.
Alternative generated candidates
- And four hundred pomegranates for the two chains — two rows of pomegranates for each chain to cover the two capitals on the tops of the pillars.
- He made four hundred pomegranates for the two latticeworks—two rows of pomegranates for each lattice to cover the two bowls of the capitals which were on the faces of the pillars.
2 C.4.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- המכנות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- הכירות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- המכנות: NOUN,f,pl,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:38-40 (quotation): Direct parallel in the Kings account of Solomon’s temple furnishings—lists the pots, shovels, basins and the stands on which they were set (verbal correspondence to Chronicles’ wording).
- 2 Chronicles 4:13 (structural): Immediate context in Chronicles: the preceding verse describes the ten lavers on the stands, closely connected to v.14’s statement about the pots and basins made on the stands (same descriptive unit).
- Exodus 30:18-21 (thematic): Earlier tabernacle instructions for making the laver and its base for priestly washing; thematically parallels the temple’s basins/stands as cultic equipment for ritual cleansing.
- 1 Chronicles 28:11-19 (structural): David’s architectural and furnishing plans for the house of the LORD, providing the blueprint/background for the temple vessels Solomon later makes (structural correspondence to Chronicles’ inventory).
Alternative generated candidates
- He made the stands, and he set the basins upon the stands.
- He made the stands, and he made the basins on the stands.
2 C.4.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- את: PRT,acc
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:23-26 (quotation): Direct parallel description of Solomon’s "sea" (large bronze basin) and the twelve oxen that supported it; nearly identical wording and measurements.
- Exodus 38:8 (thematic): Description of the bronze laver made for the tabernacle for priestly washing—functional and material parallel to the temple "sea" as a large bronze basin used for purification.
- 1 Chronicles 28:11-12 (structural): David gives Solomon the written plans and pattern for the temple furnishings and structure; situates the large bronze vessels (like the sea) within the official temple plan and equipment.
- Revelation 21:12-14 (thematic): Use of the number twelve to signify corporate/tribal completeness (twelve tribes/apostles); thematically parallels the twelve oxen as a symbolic reference to the twelve tribes supporting the temple installation.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Sea was one, and beneath it were the twelve oxen.
- The Sea was one, and the twelve oxen were beneath it.
2 C.4.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- הסירות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- היעים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- המזלגות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- כליהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- נחשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מרוק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:47 (verbal): Nearly identical wording — states that Hiram made the pots, shovels, basins and all the temple vessels for Solomon; emphasizes the bronze equipment for the LORD's house.
- 1 Kings 7:13-14 (structural): Introduces Hiram/Huram-abi, the skilled Tyrian craftsman summoned by Solomon to work in bronze and other metals — provides the personal and technical background for the craftsmen named in 2 Chron 4:16.
- 2 Chronicles 2:13-14 (structural): Parallel passage within Chronicles describing Solomon's request to Hiram and Hiram's provision of skilled workers and materials for temple work, situating the bronze vessels of 4:16 in the larger building program.
- Exodus 27:3 (thematic): Lists similar cultic utensils — pots, shovels, basins, forks — for the tabernacle/altar; shows continuity in the kinds of bronze implements used in Israelite worship from tabernacle to temple.
Alternative generated candidates
- Huram of Tyre made the pots, the shovels, the forks, and all the utensils — all of burnished bronze for King Solomon for the house of the LORD.
- Hiram-abi made the kettles, the shovels, the fleshhooks, and all the vessels of bronze for King Solomon for the house of the LORD.
2 C.4.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בככר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יצקם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בעבי: PREP
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בין: PREP
- סכות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- צרדתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:46 (verbal): Direct parallel — 1 Kings reports the same action: Solomon 'cast them in the clay ground, between Succoth and Zeredah.' (same phrase and location).
- 1 Kings 7:47–50 (structural): Same narrative context in 1 Kings: lists the bronze works and furnishings of Solomon's temple and notes that many items were cast at the Jordan plain (same episode described in Chronicles).
- 2 Chronicles 4:16 (structural): Immediate parallel within Chronicles — the preceding verse(s) describe the vessels and bronze furnishings that the king had made and which were cast in the clay of the Jordan plain, providing the contiguous account of the same event.
- Genesis 33:17 (thematic): Mentions Succoth as a place where Jacob 'built himself a house and made booths (Succoth)', connecting the same geographic name/place (Succoth) used as the locational marker for the casting in 2 Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- The king cast them in the plain of the Jordan, in the clay of the ground between Succoth and Zarethan.
- The king cast them in the plain of the Jordan in the clay of the ground between Succoth and Zarethan.
2 C.4.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- לרב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאד: ADV
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- נחקר: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- משקל: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הנחשת: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:47 (quotation): Near-identical wording/statement: Solomon made all these furnishings in great abundance, and the weight of the bronze could not be determined — direct parallel to 2 Chr 4:18.
- 1 Kings 7:46-50 (structural): Expanded account of Solomon’s bronze work and the many vessels he made for the temple; provides the fuller narrative context behind the summary in 2 Chr 4:18.
- 2 Chronicles 4:1-17 (structural): Immediate literary context in the same chapter giving the detailed description of the bronze sea and other bronze furnishings that 4:18 summarizes.
- Exodus 38:25-28 (thematic): Discussion of weighing bronze/metal for the census — thematically related to 2 Chr 4:18’s concern with the weight of bronze and provides a procedural/contrasting perspective on measuring metal.
Alternative generated candidates
- Solomon made all these utensils in great abundance, for the weight of the bronze could not be determined.
- Solomon made all these utensils in great abundance, for the weight of the bronze could not be determined.
2 C.4.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הזהב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- השלחנות: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ועליהם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,pl
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:48-50 (quotation): Direct parallel account — lists the furnishings Solomon made for the house of the LORD, including the golden altar, the tables, and the showbread (almost identical to 2 Chr 4:19).
- Exodus 37:10-16 (verbal): Bezalel’s work in making the table for the tabernacle mirrors the craft of making sacred tables and vessels for worship; parallels the making of temple furnishings in form and function.
- Exodus 25:23-30 (thematic): Divine instructions for the table of showbread — provides the ritual prescriptions and design background for the 'tables' and showbread mentioned in 2 Chr 4:19.
- Leviticus 24:5-9 (thematic): Prescribes the arrangement and use of the showbread (bread of the Presence), directly relating to the 'tables' and showbread referenced in the verse.
Alternative generated candidates
- Solomon made all the things for the house of the LORD — the golden altar and the tables on which the bread of the Presence was set.
- Solomon made all the vessels of the house of the LORD—the golden altar and the tables on which the bread of the Presence was set.
2 C.4.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- המנרות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ונרתיהם: CONJ,NOUN,f,pl,suff,3,mp
- לבערם: VERB,qal,inf,suff,3,mp
- כמשפט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- הדביר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סגור: ADJ,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:48-50 (verbal): Direct parallel description of the temple furnishings (lamps, lampstands and their tongs) placed before the inner sanctuary; Chronicles closely echoes the Kings account.
- Exodus 25:31-37 (verbal): Detailed instructions for making the golden lampstand (menorah) for the sanctuary — the archetype for the temple lamps described in Chronicles.
- Leviticus 24:2-4 (thematic): Prescribes the continual lighting of lamps before the sanctuary (oil, placement, and maintenance), providing the cultic background for the lamp duties mentioned in Chronicles.
- Zechariah 4:2-3,11-14 (allusion): Vision of a golden lampstand with two olive trees; uses the image of a sanctuary lampstand to convey theological meaning, echoing temple lamp imagery.
- Revelation 1:12-13,20 (allusion): John's vision of seven golden lampstands (interpreted as churches) alludes to the menorah/temple lampstand tradition established in OT descriptions like Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the lampstands and their lamps to burn before the inner sanctuary — they were of pure gold.
- And the lampstands and their lamps to burn before the inner sanctuary—of pure gold.
2 C.4.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והפרח: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- והנרות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,def
- והמלקחים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- מכלות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:49 (quotation): Almost word-for-word parallel describing the flowers, lamps, and tongs as all being of gold in Solomon's temple—direct recounting of the same furnishings.
- Exodus 25:31-40 (verbal): Divine instructions for the golden lampstand (menorah) with its cups, knobs and flowers—provides the archetypal language and motifs (flowers, lamps) echoed in the temple description.
- Exodus 37:17-24 (structural): Craftsman’s execution of the Exodus lampstand motif: a golden lampstand made of pure gold with its lamps and related utensils—parallels the material and components noted in Chronicles.
- Zechariah 4:2-3 (allusion): Visionary image of a golden lampstand with seven lamps used symbolically; echoes the significance and form of the golden menorah in temple imagery.
Alternative generated candidates
- The blossoms, the lamps, and the snuffers — all of them were of gold, the handiwork of pure gold.
- The flowers, the lamps, and the snuffers were of gold—pure gold.
2 C.4.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והמזמרות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- והמזרקות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- והכפות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- והמחתות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סגור: ADJ,m,sg
- ופתח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- דלתותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss,3,m
- הפנימיות: ADJ,f,pl,def
- לקדש: PREP
- הקדשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ודלתי: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss,1
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- להיכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:48-51 (verbal): Catalogues the temple vessels and implements (stands, basins, shovels, sprinkling bowls, etc.) and summarizes Solomon’s house furnishings—closely parallel in vocabulary and function to 2 Chr 4:22.
- 1 Kings 6:21-22, 30-32 (structural): Describes the inner sanctuary (Holy of Holies) overlaid with pure gold and the construction/covering of its doors—parallels the Chronicle’s mention of the inner sanctuary curtain and gold-covered doors.
- 2 Chronicles 3:14 (verbal): Earlier passage in Chronicles giving the description of the inner sanctuary overlaid with gold and the cherubim; repeats the same concern with gold-clad interior fittings and sanctum enclosure.
- Exodus 26:31-33 (thematic): Prescribes the veil/curtain that separates the Holy of Holies in the tabernacle—thematively parallels the reference to the curtain (parokhet) for the inner sanctuary in 2 Chr 4:22.
- 1 Chronicles 28:11-19 (allusion): Solomon’s architectural plans and lists of the temple furnishings and doors; echoes the detailed attention to fittings and gold work found in 2 Chr 4:22.
Alternative generated candidates
- The bowls, the basins, the spoons, and the censers — all of pure gold; and the inner doors of the Most Holy Place and the doors of the house toward the temple were of gold.
- The trumpets, the bowls, the basins, and the flesh-hooks were of pure gold; and the doors of the inner house to the Most Holy and the doors of the house to the temple were overlaid with gold.
2 C.5.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותשלם: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- כל: DET
- המלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- קדשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הזהב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- באצרות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:51 (verbal): Nearly identical report that Solomon finished the work of the house of the LORD and that David’s dedicated items—silver, gold and vessels—were put into the treasuries of the house of the LORD.
- 1 Kings 8:1-2 (structural): Continues the narrative context: after the work is finished Solomon assembles Israel and prepares to bring up the ark and dedicate the temple—same sequence as Chronicles.
- 1 Chronicles 29:3-5 (thematic): Describes David’s and the people’s offerings of gold and silver and how these valuables were given for the service of the house and placed in the temple treasuries, echoing the giving in 2 Chronicles 5:1.
- 1 Chronicles 28:11-12 (verbal): David’s handing over of plans, vessels and the weight/amounts of gold and silver to Solomon parallels the transfer and provision of sacred items and resources for the temple mentioned in 2 Chronicles 5:1.
- 1 Chronicles 22:14-16 (thematic): Records David’s preparation and accumulation of vast gold, silver and other materials for the temple—background for the items Solomon brings into the temple treasuries in 2 Chronicles 5:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the work that Solomon had done for the house of the LORD was finished. Solomon brought the holy things of his father David, and the silver and the gold and all the instruments, and laid them up in the treasuries of the house of the LORD.
- All the work that Solomon had done for the house of the LORD was finished. Solomon brought in the holy things of David his father—the silver, the gold, and all the vessels—and he put them into the treasuries of the house of the LORD.
He made the molten altar of bronze; its length was twenty cubits, its breadth twenty cubits, and its height ten cubits.
He made the Sea of cast metal, ten cubits from rim to rim, round in compass; its height was five cubits, and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about. And figures of oxen were beneath it round about, encircling the Sea—ten cubits was the compassing of the Sea round about.
They were cast in two rows; twelve oxen stood under the Sea, three looking toward the north, three toward the west, three toward the south, and three toward the east; the Sea was set upon them above, and all their hinder parts were inward.
Its thickness was a handbreadth, and its rim was like the rim of a cup, like a lily blossom; it held three thousand baths.
He made ten basins, and put five on the right hand and five on the left to wash in them; the work of the priests was to wash in them, but the Sea was for the priests to wash in.
He made ten lampstands of gold according to their ordinance, and set them in the temple—five on the right and five on the left.
He made ten tables and placed them in the temple—five on the right and five on the left—and he made a hundred basins of gold.
He made the court of the priests and the great court, and the doors for the court; and their doors were overlaid with bronze.
He set the Sea on the right side, toward the south.
Huram made the pots, the shovels, and the basins; and Huram finished all the work that he made for King Solomon for the house of the LORD—of bright bronze.
Two columns and the lattices and the capitals upon the tops of the columns—two networks to cover the two capitals that were on the heads of the columns. And four hundred pomegranates for the two networks, two rows of pomegranates for each network to cover the two capitals that were on the face of the columns.
He made the stands and he made the kettles upon the stands.
The Sea was one, and the twelve oxen under it. And the pots, the shovels, the basins, and all their utensils—Huram, the father of them, made them for King Solomon for the house of the LORD of burnished bronze.
In the plain of the Jordan the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarethan. So Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance; the weight of the bronze could not be ascertained.
Solomon made all the vessels for the house of God—the golden altar and the tables on which was the bread of the Presence. And the lampstands and their lamps, to be set up before the inner sanctuary, were of beaten gold.
The flowers, the lamps, and the tongs were of pure gold.
The trumpets and the basins and the ladles and the pitchers—all were of hammered gold; and the doors of the inner house—the doors of the Most Holy Place—and the doors of the nave were of gold. Thus all the work that Solomon made for the house of the LORD was finished. Solomon brought in the dedicated things of his father David—the silver, the gold, and the vessels—and put them in the treasuries of the house of the LORD.