Restitution for Wrongs
Numbers 5:5-10
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Num.5.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Exodus 6:2 (verbal): Same formula of divine speech to Moses — 'And God spake unto Moses, and said…' — used to introduce God's revelation or commands.
- Numbers 1:1 (structural): Identical narrative opening — 'And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness…' — a recurring structural marker introducing legal/organizational material in Numbers.
- Leviticus 1:1 (verbal): Another close verbal parallel — 'And the LORD called unto Moses, and spake unto him…' — introduces priestly laws and instructions delivered to Moses.
- Deuteronomy 5:4 (thematic): Expresses the same theme of direct communication from the LORD associated with Moses' authoritative transmission of God's words to Israel ('The LORD talked with you face to face on the mount').
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Num.5.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יעשו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מכל: PREP
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- למעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעל: PREP
- ביהוה: PREP+PN,sg
- ואשמה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הנפש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 5:1 (verbal): Uses similar legal language about a 'soul' or person committing a trespass (sin) and being guilty—same vocabulary and legal category (חטא/מעל/אשמה).
- Leviticus 6:1-7 (5:14-6:7) (structural): Prescribes the asham (guilt) offering and restitution for sins/trespasses against the holy things/LORD—procedural parallel for handling personal guilt mentioned in Num 5:6.
- Numbers 5:7 (structural): Immediate continuation of Num 5:6; prescribes confession, restitution and payment plus a ram—directly develops how a guilty person is to make atonement.
- Psalm 51:4 (thematic): David's confession 'against you, you only, have I sinned' echoes the theological point that sin is ultimately against the LORD and involves personal guilt before God, as stated in Num 5:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- Speak to the sons of Israel: If a man or a woman commits any of the sins that people commit, acting treacherously against the LORD, and the person is guilty,
- “Say to the sons of Israel: If any man or woman commits any of the sins of humankind, acting treacherously against the LORD, and that person is guilty,
Num.5.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והתודו: VERB,hithpael,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- חטאתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- והשיב: VERB,hip,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אשמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בראשו: PREP,3,m,sg
- וחמישתו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- יסף: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לאשר: CONJ
- אשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 6:4-7 (verbal): Directly parallel priestly law: offender confesses, restores the principal to the injured party and 'adds a fifth' to it, then brings a guilt offering.
- Leviticus 5:21-26 (structural): Earlier formulation of the same institution—confession, restitution to neighbor, addition of one-fifth, and a guilt offering for unintentional wrongs.
- Exodus 22:1-4 (thematic): Restitution laws for theft and damage—same overarching principle of compensating an injured party, sometimes with specified multipliers.
- Luke 19:8 (thematic): Zacchaeus' repentance includes confession and explicit repayment to those he defrauded (fourfold), a Christian instance of restitution after wrongdoing.
- Proverbs 28:13 (thematic): Emphasizes confession and renunciation of sin leading to mercy—the moral/ethical counterpart to the legal requirement to confess and make restitution.
Alternative generated candidates
- they shall confess the sin they have committed, and he shall restore his guilt; he shall add one-fifth to it and give it to the one to whom he is guilty.
- they shall confess the sin that they have committed, and shall restore the guilt for its principal; and they shall add one‑fifth to it and give it to the one to whom they have wronged.
Num.5.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- אין: PART,neg
- לאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- להשיב: VERB,hif,inf
- האשם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- האשם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המושב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לכהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- מלבד: PREP
- איל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכפרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יכפר: VERB,pi'el,impf,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 27:13-14 (verbal): If a person cannot redeem a vowed/valued thing it becomes holy to the LORD and the priest estimates/takes it — language and procedure closely parallel 'left unto the LORD, to the priest' when no redeemer is available.
- Leviticus 5:6-10 (verbal): Guilt/trespass offering prescribed to be brought to the priest for atonement; echoes Numbers' clause 'beside the trespass offering ... wherewith he shall be reconciled.'
- Leviticus 25:25-28 (thematic): Nearest kinsman may redeem sold land or property for a poor relative; if there is no redeemer the land's status changes — same go'el (kinsman-redeemer) principle governing redemption of persons/property.
- Ruth 4:1-10 (thematic): Narrative enactment of the go’el: a near kinsman redeems land (and takes the widow) to preserve family inheritance — practical parallel to the legal role envisaged in Numbers 5:8.
- Psalm 49:7-8 (thematic): Affirms that no one can ultimately redeem another by ransom — thematically echoes the problem posed when 'there is no kinsman to redeem' and the dependence on divine/priestly provision.
Alternative generated candidates
- And if the man has no kinsman to whom to restore the guilt, then the restitution shall be to the LORD—to the priest—beside the ram of atonement that shall make atonement for him.
- But if the man has no kinsman to whom to restore it, then the guilt that is to be restored shall be the LORD’s and shall belong to the priest, apart from the ram of atonement which shall make atonement for him.
Num.5.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- תרומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP
- קדשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1,m,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יקריבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- לכהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 18:8-9 (verbal): God declares that 'all the holy things of the Israelites' which they present to the LORD are assigned to Aaron and his sons — language and legal effect closely mirror Num 5:9's allocation of sacred contributions to the priest.
- Exodus 29:27-28 (structural): Prescribes specific portions of offerings (the breast and right thigh) be given to Aaron and his sons as their share — an analogous prescription of priestly entitlement to parts of sacred gifts.
- Leviticus 10:12-15 (thematic): Commands Aaron and his sons to eat the remainder of certain offerings within the sanctuary and treats these holy items as the priests' food — echoes the rule that consecrated gifts belong to the priestly family.
- Deuteronomy 18:1-4 (thematic): Explains that priests and Levites have no land inheritance because their 'inheritance' is the offerings and sacrifices of the people — parallels the idea that sacred contributions constitute the priests' portion.
Alternative generated candidates
- And every contribution, all the holy things of the sons of Israel that they present to the priest, shall be his.
- And every contribution, every sacred thing of the sons of Israel that they present to the priest, shall be his.
Num.5.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- קדשיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3ms
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- לכהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.27.28 (verbal): Speaks of "devoted/devotion" (קדש/חֵרֶם) and the rules for things devoted to the LORD—parallels language and legal concern about what becomes priestly or irrevocably devoted.
- Num.18.11 (structural): Specifies that things given to the priests belong to them (the Lord gives the priests their portions), reflecting the institutional rule that gifts to priests are theirs.
- Lev.7.31 (verbal): Describes the priests' entitlement to portions of peace and sacrifice offerings (the priest shall have them), paralleling the statement that what is given to a priest is his.
- Deut.14.28-29 (thematic): Regulates tithes and the distribution to Levites, aliens, fatherless and widows—themewise parallel about designated/holy gifts and who legitimately receives them.
- Ezek.44.29 (allusion): Prophetic reaffirmation that priests shall eat the offerings of the people—a later theological/legal echo of the priestly right to receive consecrated gifts.
Alternative generated candidates
- And every man's sacred things shall be his; whatever anyone gives to the priest shall belong to the priest.
- Every man’s sacred things shall be his; whatever any one gives to the priest shall belong to him.
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Speak to the sons of Israel: If any man or any woman commits any of the sins by which a person trespasses against the LORD, that person shall be guilty.
They shall confess the sin that they have committed, and shall restore their guilt in full; they shall add a fifth to it and give it to the one wronged. But if the man has no kinsman-redeemer to whom he may restore it, the restitution shall be counted to the LORD and to the priest—besides the ram of atonement by which atonement is made for him. And every heave-offering of all the holy things of the sons of Israel that they present to the priest shall be his.
Every man's holy things shall be his; whatever any man gives to the priest shall belong to the priest.