Offerings and Firstfruits
Numbers 15:1-21
Num.15.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:1 (verbal): Uses the same introductory formula — the LORD calling/speaking to Moses to introduce priestly/ritual legislation, closely matching Numbers' opening phrasing.
- Numbers 9:1 (structural): Another occurrence in the same book where 'And the LORD spake unto Moses...' introduces a dated, law-related declaration—shows the recurring editorial formula in Numbers.
- Exodus 20:1 (thematic): 'And God spake all these words, saying...' similarly introduces divine speech that lays down commandments; parallels the function of divine instruction introduced in Num 15:1.
- Deuteronomy 5:4 (thematic): Recalls the theme of God speaking to Moses (and through him to Israel) about law and covenant obligations, echoing the communicative role attributed to Moses in Numbers 15:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Num.15.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- תבאו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מושבתיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,2,mp
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 26:1 (verbal): Nearly identical opening formula: 'And it shall be, when thou art come into the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee...' — same context of actions to be taken upon entering the promised land.
- Deuteronomy 6:10 (thematic): Uses the theme of God bringing Israel into the land given to them and serves as the broader motif for commandments and reminders tied to settlement in the land.
- Deuteronomy 12:10 (thematic): Speaks of going over Jordan and dwelling in the land the LORD gives — similar situational frame for laws that apply once Israel occupies the land.
- Exodus 6:8 (verbal): God's promise to bring Israel into the land and give it to them as an inheritance echoes the phrasing of 'bringing you into the land... which I give you.'
- Genesis 15:18 (allusion): The original divine grant of territory to Abraham's descendants ('I give unto thee...') underlies later statements about God giving the land to Israel and is the covenantal basis for the command in Numbers 15:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- Speak to the people of Israel and say to them: When you come into the land of your dwelling-places that I give you,
- Speak to the people of Israel and say to them: When you enter the land of your dwellings which I give you,
Num.15.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועשיתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- או: CONJ
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפלא: PREP
- נדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- בנדבה: PREP
- או: CONJ
- במעדיכם: PREP
- לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
- ריח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ניחח: ADJ,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- או: CONJ
- מן: PREP
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:3 (verbal): Same procedural wording for a burnt offering from the herd or flock — prescribes a whole burnt offering made by fire (corresponds to offering 'of the herd or of the flock').
- Leviticus 1:9 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'a sweet savour unto the LORD' (ריח ניחח ליהוה) about the whole burnt offering — direct verbal correspondence with Numbers 15:3's language.
- Exodus 29:18 (allusion): In the priestly consecration a ram is wholly burned 'a sweet savour unto the LORD' — parallels sacrificial language and purpose (burnt offering as pleasing aroma to YHWH).
- Numbers 28:2 (thematic): Gives broader regulations for offerings (the continual burnt offering) and frames offerings as commanded observances to be presented as a pleasing aroma to the LORD, echoing the regulatory context of Num 15:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- and you present an offering to the LORD — a burnt offering or a sacrifice, whether for a vow or as a voluntary gift, from the herd or from the flock —
- and you make an offering to the LORD—whether a burnt offering or a sacrifice, whether for a vow or for a voluntary gift, or for any of your prescribed offerings to make a pleasing aroma to the LORD—from the cattle or from the flock,
Num.15.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והקריב: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- המקריב: VERB,qal,ptc,act,m,sg,def
- קרבנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- מנחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עשרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בלול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ברבעית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ההין: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שמן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 2:1-3 (verbal): Prescribes the meal (grain) offering of fine flour with oil and frankincense to the LORD — same basic vocabulary and ritual form as Num 15:4.
- Exodus 29:40-41 (verbal): Specifies a tenth of an ephah of fine flour with oil and a portion of frankincense for the regular offerings — matches the measure and ingredients named in Num 15:4.
- Leviticus 2:4-6 (verbal): Gives additional preparation options for cereal offerings (baked, pan, griddle) and reiterates the addition of frankincense, paralleling the procedural detail of Num 15:4.
- Leviticus 6:14-15 (thematic): Treats the handling and distribution of the grain offering (what is burned on the altar and what the priests eat), thematically connected to Num 15:4’s instruction about the offering's composition and sacrificial use.
Alternative generated candidates
- the one who brings the offering to the LORD shall present a grain offering of fine flour, a tenth of an ephah, mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil.
- the one who brings his offering to the LORD shall bring a meal offering of fine flour, a tenth of an ephah; he shall mix with it a quarter of a hin of oil.
Num.15.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לנסך: VERB,qal,inf
- רביעית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ההין: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- על: PREP
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- או: CONJ
- לזבח: VERB,qal,inf
- לכבש: VERB,qal,inf
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
Parallels
- Exod.29.40 (verbal): Specifies the same measure—'a fourth part of a hin of wine'—as the drink offering accompanying a lamb/burnt offering, mirroring the language and ritual context.
- Num.28.7 (verbal): Repeats the formula that the drink offering shall be 'the fourth part of a hin' of wine for the sacrificial lambs, showing a consistent cultic measure for libations.
- Lev.23.13 (verbal): Uses the identical measure for the drink offering ('a fourth part of a hin of wine') in the context of the festival/sheaf offering, linking festival and daily sacrificial practice.
- Lev.23.18 (thematic): In the enumeration of festival offerings the drink offering with a specified measure recurs, reflecting the same liturgical pattern of wine libations alongside grain and animal sacrifices.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the wine for a libation shall be a quarter of a hin; you shall pour it out with the burnt offering or with the sacrifice of one lamb as a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
- And a quarter of a hin of wine for a libation shall you pour out with the burnt offering or with the sacrifice of a lamb; it shall be a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
Num.15.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- או: CONJ
- לאיל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- מנחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- עשרנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בלולה: ADJ,ptc,pas,f,sg,abs
- בשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ההין: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 15:4-10 (structural): Immediate context: the same legislative unit prescribing the meal‑offering (amounts and admixture with oil) to accompany sin/peace offerings — Num.15:6 is one verse in this set.
- Leviticus 2:1-3 (verbal): Prescribes the basic formula for a grain (meal) offering — fine flour mixed with oil (and frankincense) — language and ritual parallels the mixing and components in Num.15:6.
- Leviticus 6:14-23 (thematic): Gives rules for the grain offering, its consumption by priests, and its perpetual character; relates to the cultic function and handling of the meal offering described in Num.15:6.
- Exodus 29:40-41 (verbal): Specifies proportions of fine flour and oil to accompany daily burnt offerings; parallels Num.15:6 in pairing animal sacrifices with measured meal‑offerings and oil.
Alternative generated candidates
- If he offers a ram, the grain offering shall be two-tenths of an ephah, mixed with oil — a third of a hin.
- Or for a ram you shall offer a meal offering of two tenths of an ephah of fine flour, mingled with a third of a hin of oil;
Num.15.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויין: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לנסך: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- שלשית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ההין: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תקריב: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- ריח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ניחח: ADJ,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 29:40-41 (verbal): Gives the same ritual formula prescribing wine as a libation (drink offering) with specific measure and describes it as a pleasing aroma/sweet savor to the LORD — language and cultic function closely parallel to Num 15:7.
- Leviticus 23:13 (verbal): Instructs that the accompanying drink offering for the wave-sheaf/firstfruits is a fourth part of a hin of wine poured out as an offering — echoes the same measurement and procedural context for libations.
- Numbers 28:7 (verbal): Prescribes the drink offering that accompanies the continual burnt offering (a fourth part of a hin of wine) and calls it a sweet savor to the LORD — a Near-identical cultic specification within the same priestly tradition.
- Psalm 141:2 (thematic): Prayers and lifting of hands are pictured as incense/offerings and as a pleasing aroma to God; thematically parallels the idea of offerings (including libations) being 'a pleasing aroma' before the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the wine for a libation shall be a third of a hin; it shall be a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
- and for the libation you shall bring a third of a hin of wine; it shall be a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
Num.15.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכי: CONJ
- תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- או: CONJ
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפלא: PREP
- נדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- שלמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:3-4 (verbal): Gives the prescription for offering a male from the herd as a burnt offering — directly parallels the language and category (בן־בקר, עולה) of Num 15:8.
- Leviticus 3:1 (thematic): Introduces the laws for peace (שׁלמים) offerings; parallels Num 15:8's mention of shlamiym and the sacrificial category.
- Leviticus 7:11-15 (allusion): Details procedures and portions for fellowship/peace offerings (שׁלמים), fleshing out the practical regulations implied by Num 15:8.
- Numbers 15:3 (structural): Earlier verse in the same chapter that likewise prescribes burnt offerings to the LORD — parallels genre and ritual context within Numbers 15.
- Deuteronomy 12:6-7 (thematic): Commands bringing burnt and peace offerings to the place the LORD chooses and eating of them there; thematically connects to offering bulls and peace sacrifices dedicated to YHWH in Num 15:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- If you offer a bull as a burnt offering or as a sacrifice, whether for a vow or as a voluntary offering to the LORD,
- And when you offer a young bull as a burnt offering or as a sacrifice, for a vow or for a peace offering to the LORD,
Num.15.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והקריב: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מנחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שלשה: NUM,m
- עשרנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בלול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- בשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ההין: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 2:1-3 (verbal): Prescribes the cereal (meal) offering of fine flour with oil (and frankincense), an offering made by fire, using the same technical vocabulary (fine flour/סלת, oil) and characterizing it as a sweet savour to the LORD — language and ritual elements parallel to Num 15:9.
- Exodus 29:2 (structural): In the ordination ritual a meat (meal) offering of fine flour mingled with oil is presented alongside an animal sacrifice (ram); the verse gives specified measures for flour and oil, paralleling the placement and measure-oriented instructions of Num 15:9.
- Numbers 28:5-6 (structural): Gives the daily burnt-offering’s accompanying meal offering (a specified quantity of fine flour mingled with a portion of oil). The coupling of an animal sacrifice with a measured meal offering closely mirrors the ritual relationship in Num 15:9.
- Leviticus 6:14-18 (thematic): Treats the law for the meat (grain) offering — its handling, burning, and the priestly portion — emphasizing the cultic function and treatment of grain offerings that Num 15:9 prescribes for an offering accompanying an animal sacrifice.
Alternative generated candidates
- then with the bull he shall present a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour, mixed with oil — half a hin.
- then the meal offering which you shall offer upon the young bull shall be thirteen tenths of an ephah of fine flour, mingled with half a hin of oil;
Num.15.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויין: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תקריב: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- לנסך: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- חצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ההין: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ריח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ניחח: ADJ,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exod.29:40-41 (verbal): Prescribes a wine libation alongside the sacrificial meat offering and describes it as a pleasing/sweet savor to the LORD—parallels Numbers 15:10’s instruction to bring wine as a drink offering.
- Num.15:5 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same statute: an identical prescription for the offering (including the wine libation) for the male sacrifice, showing the same ritual formula repeated for male and female offerings.
- Num.28:7 (thematic): Gives quantities and ritual language for the drink offering connected with the regular burnt offerings (‘poured unto the LORD for a sweet savour’), echoing the role of wine libations in cultic practice as in Num 15:10.
- Lev.1:9 (verbal): Uses the characteristic cultic formula “a pleasing/sweet aroma/savour unto the LORD” applied to offerings; connects the theological language that frames the drink offering in Num 15:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the wine for a libation shall be half a hin; it shall be a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
- and the libation you shall offer shall be half a hin of wine; it shall be a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
Num.15.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ככה: ADV
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לשור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
- או: CONJ
- לאיל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
- או: CONJ
- לשה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכבשים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- או: CONJ
- בעזים: PREP
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:3 (verbal): Uses the same sin‑offering formula specifying a young bullock for atonement (same cataloguing of sacrificial animals for an individual/office).
- Leviticus 4:27-31 (thematic): Gives the parallel procedure for a lay person’s sin offering (female of the flock or goat), showing the same system of substituting an animal for unintentional sin.
- Leviticus 1:10 (verbal): When the offering is from the flock, the law lists sheep and goats (ram, lamb, or goat), paralleling Num 15:11’s enumeration of acceptable animals.
- Numbers 15:27-29 (structural): Nearby material in the same chapter addresses offerings for unintentional sins by individuals and the congregation, showing the legislative context and parallel sacrificial requirements.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus you shall do for an ox, for a ram, for a lamb among the sheep, or for the goats.
- Thus shall you do for one bull, and for one ram, and for one lamb, and for one goat.
Num.15.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כמספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- ככה: ADV
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- לאחד: PREP,NUM,card,m,sg
- כמספרם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 15:25–28 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter: spells out the sin‑offering required when one person versus the whole assembly sins — the same principle of doing to one 'according to their number.'
- Leviticus 4:13–21 (thematic): Regulations for a ruler or leader who sins unknowingly and the priest's atonement; parallels the differentiated treatment of sin depending on status/number.
- Leviticus 4:34–35 (thematic): Prescribes a bullock for the sin of the whole congregation and priestly atonement — closely parallels Numbers 15's provision for communal sin and proportional ritual.
- Leviticus 5:17–19 (thematic): Law for unintentional sin by an individual, requiring confession, restitution and a sin offering; parallels Numbers 15's distinction between individual and communal unintentional sins and corresponding offerings.
Alternative generated candidates
- According to the number that you offer, so shall you do for each one, according to their number.
- According to the number that you shall do, so shall you do to each one according to their number.
Num.15.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- האזרח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ככה: ADV
- את: PRT,acc
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- להקריב: VERB,hiph,inf
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ריח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ניחח: ADJ,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 15:15 (structural): Repeats and extends the instruction—declares that the same offering-law applies equally to the native and the stranger, making one rule for the community as in 15:13.
- Leviticus 4:13-14 (thematic): Parallel theme of a communal sin-offering: when the whole congregation sins unintentionally, the assembly presents a sacrifice and the priest makes atonement—similar corporate sacrificial procedure.
- Leviticus 1:9 (verbal): Uses the same technical phrase רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ לַיהוָה ('a sweet/savoury aroma to the LORD') of sacrificial language applied to burnt offerings, matching the wording in Num 15:13.
- Leviticus 3:5 (verbal): Peace/thanksgiving-offering language likewise describes the sacrifice as a 'sweet savour unto the LORD,' echoing the sacrificial formulaic phrase found in Num 15:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- The native-born among the people shall thus do these things, to present a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
- Every native among the congregation shall do these things in bringing a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
Num.15.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכי: CONJ
- יגור: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- גר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בתוככם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- לדרתיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ריח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ניחח: ADJ,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- כאשר: CONJ
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- כן: ADV
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 12:48-49 (verbal): Regulates a stranger's participation in Passover—if he sojourns with you he may keep it and is to be treated as a native (with the circumcision requirement). Closely parallels inclusion of the foreigner in communal ritual observance.
- Numbers 9:14 (verbal): Directly addresses the same situation: 'if a stranger shall sojourn among you' and may keep the Passover. Uses the same language and legal concern about strangers joining the festival.
- Numbers 15:15-16 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter that explicitly pronounces 'one law' for the native and the stranger regarding offerings—repeats and generalizes the principle of equal treatment in cultic law.
- Leviticus 22:10-11 (verbal): Declares there shall be one law for the homeborn and for the stranger who sojourns with you (applied to priestly/lay offerings). Same legal formula extending ritual rules to foreigners.
- Leviticus 19:34 (thematic): Articulates the ethical principle behind inclusive cultic practice: the sojourner is to be treated 'as one born among you' and loved as yourself—grounding equal treatment of strangers in covenantal ethics.
Alternative generated candidates
- And if a resident alien lives with you, or one who is among you throughout your generations, and he offers an offering to the LORD, as you do so shall he do.
- And if a stranger sojourns with you, or one who lives among you, and he brings an offering—a pleasing aroma to the LORD—according to how you do, so shall he do.
Num.15.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- חקה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ולגר: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגר: NOUN,f,sg,def,prop
- חקת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לדרתיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- ככם: PREP+PRON,2,m,pl
- כגר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 12:49 (verbal): Gives the same legal formula: 'There shall be one law for the native and for the stranger who sojourns among you,' expressing a single statute for Israelites and non‑Israelite residents.
- Leviticus 24:22 (verbal): Repeats the identical principle: 'You shall have the same law for the stranger and for him who is born in the land,' affirming equality before the law across generations.
- Numbers 9:14 (structural): Uses the same structural formulation ('one statute for the native and for the stranger') in the context of the Passover observance, applying the single‑law principle to a specific cultic case.
- Leviticus 19:34 (thematic): Commands that the stranger be treated as a native and loved as oneself—the ethical corollary to the legal equality asserted in Num 15:15.
- Deuteronomy 10:18–19 (thematic): Speaks of God's care for the stranger and instructs Israel to love the foreigner because they were once strangers in Egypt, providing theological rationale for equal treatment in law.
Alternative generated candidates
- It shall be a perpetual statute for you and for the resident alien who dwells among you: one ordinance for all your generations — you and the sojourner shall be alike before the LORD.
- One statute shall be for you and for the stranger who sojourns with you: a statute forever throughout your generations; you and the stranger shall be alike before the LORD.
Num.15.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- תורה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- ומשפט: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ולגר: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגר: NOUN,f,sg,def,prop
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 12:49 (verbal): Expresses the same legal principle and almost identical wording: one law for the native and the stranger regarding the Passover—affirming single legal standard for all residents.
- Leviticus 24:22 (verbal): Repeats the exact formulation—'one law for the native and for the stranger'—confirming equal application of statutes to insiders and sojourners.
- Numbers 9:14 (structural): Within the same book this verse applies the 'one law' principle to Passover observance, showing the rule's practical application to ritual law for strangers and natives alike.
- Leviticus 19:33-34 (thematic): Commands that the stranger be treated as a native and loved as oneself—the ethical complement to the legal equality asserted in Num 15:16.
- Deuteronomy 10:18-19 (thematic): Links God’s care for the sojourner with Israel's obligation to love and protect strangers, grounding equal legal treatment in covenantal memory and justice.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall have one law and one ordinance for you and for the sojourner who sojourns with you.
- There shall be one law and one ordinance for you and for the stranger who sojourns with you.
Num.15.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Numbers 1:1 (structural): Same editorial formula — 'And the LORD spake unto Moses' introduces a block of divine instruction in the wilderness; parallel in function and wording.
- Exodus 6:2 (verbal): Direct speech introduction ('And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him...') — similar verbal presentation of God's communication to Moses.
- Leviticus 1:1 (structural): Nearly identical opening ('And the LORD called unto Moses, and spake unto him... saying') used to introduce priestly/ritual legislation, mirroring the legal-procedural context of Num 15:17.
- Exodus 20:1 (quotation): Formulaic introduction to a major divine pronouncement ('And God spake all these words, saying') — parallels Num 15:17 as a conventional marker that what follows is authoritative revelation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Num.15.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- בבאכם: PREP+VERB,qal,ptc,mp,pl,poss:2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- מביא: VERB,hiph,ptc,ms,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- שמה: ADV
Parallels
- Deut.6.10 (verbal): Uses the same introductory formula about entering the land God gives (“when the LORD your God brings you into the land”) to introduce commandments for life in the promised land.
- Deut.11.31 (thematic): Like Num 15:18, frames instruction in the context of crossing into and possessing the land; links obedience to life in the land God is giving.
- Josh.1.2 (structural): God commands Joshua to lead Israel into the land promised to their fathers; functions as a continuation of the Pentateuchal material about entering and possessing the land.
- Exod.3.8 (allusion): God’s promise to bring Israel out to ‘a good and broad land’ anticipates the same divine act of bringing the people into the land that sets the stage for laws and instructions in Num 15:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- Speak to the people of Israel and say to them: When you come into the land to which I bring you,
- Speak to the people of Israel and say to them: When you come into the land which I am bringing you to,
Num.15.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- באכלכם: VERB,qal,infc,2,m,pl
- מלחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- תרימו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- תרומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 15:20-21 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same law: specifies the same obligation to lift a heave‑offering to the LORD whenever Israelites eat of produce from the field.
- Deuteronomy 26:1-11 (thematic): Gives the procedure for bringing the firstfruits (bikkurim) of the land to the priest and declaring them to the LORD — a parallel institution of offering produce upon entering/using the land.
- Leviticus 23:10-11 (thematic): Law for the presentation of the first sheaf of the harvest to the LORD (an earlyfruits/firstfruits offering), closely related in purpose to the terumah required when eating the land's bread.
- Deuteronomy 18:4 (verbal): Commands Israelites to give the 'first' of their grain, wine, oil and fleece to the priests — echoes the concept of setting aside a portion of produce for the LORD/priesthood.
- 2 Chronicles 31:5-12 (thematic): Post‑exilic/practical example of Israelites bringing firstfruits, tithes and portions for the priests and Levites to the storehouses — demonstrates the lived application of laws about offering parts of the land's produce.
Alternative generated candidates
- and when you eat of the bread of the land, you shall lift up a contribution to the LORD.
- and when you eat of the bread of the land, you shall lift up an offering to the LORD.
Num.15.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ראשית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ערסתכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,mp
- חלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תרימו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- תרומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כתרומת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- גרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כן: ADV
- תרימו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Exod.34.26 (verbal): Commands to bring the first of the ground as an offering—language and obligation of 'firstfruits' parallel the instruction to lift the first of the grain as a terumah.
- Deut.26.2 (structural): Prescribes taking 'some of the first of all the fruit of the ground' to the sanctuary—parallels the ritual act and legal category of presenting first produce.
- Lev.23.10-11 (structural): Law for waving (lifting) the sheaf (omer) as the first of the harvest—ritual form (lifting/waving of first grain) corresponds to Num 15:20's lifting of the firstmeal as a heave-offering.
- Lev.2.1-2 (verbal): Rules for the meal (minchah) offering—connects the term 'challah' (meal) and the cultic treatment of fine flour offerings mentioned in Num 15:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall lift up the first of your dough as a contribution — the first of your kneading — as you lift up the contribution of the threshing floor; it shall be the same to you.
- From the first of your kneading you shall lift up a contribution—give the first portion of your dough; as the offering of the threshing floor, so shall you set it apart.
Num.15.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מראשית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ערסתיכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2mp
- תתנו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- תרומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לדרתיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 34:26 (verbal): Commands the offering of the first of the firstfruits of the ground to the LORD—verbal and legal parallel to giving the first of your dough as a contribution to Yahweh.
- Leviticus 23:10-11 (thematic): Prescribes bringing a sheaf/firstfruits to the LORD at the harvest; shares the theme of designating the earliest portion of produce to God.
- Deuteronomy 26:2 (thematic): Instructs Israelites to take some of the first of all the produce of the ground and bring it to the chosen place—an analogous regulation about firstfruits/offering initial produce to Yahweh.
- Nehemiah 10:37 (verbal): Community vow to bring 'the firstfruits of our dough' to the house of our God—directly parallels the specific motif of offering the first of dough as a contribution.
- Proverbs 3:9 (thematic): Admonishes honoring the LORD with the firstfruits of all one’s produce—same ethical/theological principle of giving the earliest portion to God.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the first of your dough you shall give a contribution to the LORD throughout your generations.
- From the first of your dough you shall give to the LORD a contribution throughout your generations.
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: When you come into the land of your dwelling that I give you,
and you offer an offering to the LORD—an elevation offering or a sacrifice, whether by vow or by freewill or at your appointed feasts—whether from the cattle or from the sheep,
the one who offers his offering to the LORD shall bring for his grain offering fine flour, a tenth of an ephah, mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil;
and you shall offer a quarter of a hin of wine for a libation with the elevation offering or with the sacrifice; it shall be a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
Or for a ram you shall make a grain offering of two tenths of an ephah, mixed with a third of a hin of oil,
and you shall offer a third of a hin of wine as a libation; it is a pleasing aroma to the LORD. And when you offer a young bull as an elevation offering or as a sacrifice by vow or for peace to the LORD,
the one who offers the young bull shall present for his grain offering three tenths of an ephah of fine flour, mixed with half a hin of oil;
and you shall offer for a libation a half hin of wine; it is a pleasing aroma to the LORD. Thus shall it be done for one bull, or for one ram, or for one lamb of the sheep, or of the goats.
According to the number you shall do so for each; according to their number you shall do for them.
Every native-born among the people shall do thus concerning these offerings, to present a pleasing aroma to the LORD. And when a sojourner dwells with you, or one who is within your gates in your generations, and he offers an offering to the LORD, as you do shall he do.
One statute shall be for you and for the sojourner who sojourns with you—a statute forever throughout your generations; you and the sojourner shall be alike before the LORD.
One law and one ordinance shall be for you and for the sojourner who sojourns with you. And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: When you come into the land to which I bring you,
and when you eat of the bread of the land, you shall lift up a heave offering to the LORD.
The first of your dough you shall lift up as a heave offering—like the heave offering of the threshing floor you shall lift it up.
From the first of your dough you shall give a heave offering to the LORD throughout your generations.