Joash Repairs the Temple
2 Kings 12:1-21
2 K.12.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהואש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- במלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:1 (verbal): Direct parallel in Chronicles: repeats that Joash (Jehoash) was seven years old when he began to reign and gives the length of his reign—essentially the same age formula as 2 Kgs 12:1.
- 2 Kings 11:21 (verbal): Earlier passage in the same narrative cycle that also states Joash’s age at accession (seven years), reflecting the crown/coronation episode and using the same royal‑formula wording.
- 2 Chronicles 24:2 (structural): Continues the Chronicles account of Joash immediately after the age statement (’he did what was right in the sight of the LORD…’), paralleling the structural sequence that follows the accession notice in 2 Kgs 12.
- 2 Kings 22:1 (thematic): Thematic parallel: another Judean king (Josiah) noted as a child at accession (‘eight years old when he began to reign’). Highlights the Kings/Chronicles convention of stating a young king’s age at the start of his reign and the theme of child‑kingship in Judah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Joash was seven years old when he began to reign.
- Joash was seven years old when he began to reign.
2 K.12.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שבע: NUM,card
- ליהוא: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהואש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- צביה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- מבאר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:1 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Joash/Jehoash’s accession: gives the same data (began to reign in the seventh year of Jehu, reigned forty years in Jerusalem, mother Zibiah of Beersheba).
- 2 Kings 11:21 (structural): Earlier/parallel summary within Kings that likewise reports Joash/Jehoash’s reign length and mother—same royal-summary formula repeated in the Deuteronomistic history.
- 1 Kings 14:21 (thematic): Example of the common royal formula in the books of Kings: statement of a king’s reign length together with the name and origin of his mother (here Rehoboam’s mother Naamah), showing the same biographical convention.
- 1 Kings 15:2 (thematic): Another instance of the royal introductory formula (age/reign/mother) in Kings (Abijam/Abijah), illustrating the standardized way kings’ reigns are presented—paralleling the structure of 2 Kgs 12:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the seventh year of Jehu king, Joash began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Zibiah of Beersheba.
- In the seventh year of Jehu king of Israel, Joash began to reign; he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. The name of his mother was Zibiah of Beersheba.
2 K.12.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהואש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הישר: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- ימיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הורהו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg+OBJ,3,m,sg
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chron.24:2-3 (verbal): Nearly identical summary: Joash did right all the days that Jehoiada the priest instructed him — same formula and attribution to Jehoiada's instruction.
- 2 Chron.24:15-16 (thematic): After Jehoiada's death Joash abandons the ways he had followed; this passage thematically highlights the dependence of Joash's righteousness on Jehoiada's guidance.
- 2 Kgs.11:17-20 (structural): Background account of Jehoiada's role in establishing Joash and making a covenant between the people, showing the priest's political and religious influence that explains 12:3.
- Exod.18:24 (thematic): Moses 'listened to the voice' of his father‑in‑law and did what he advised; parallels the motif of a ruler doing right as a result of heeding an elder/advisor's instruction.
Alternative generated candidates
- He did what was right in the sight of the LORD all the days that Jehoiada the priest instructed him.
- Joash did what was right in the sight of the LORD all the days that Jehoiada the priest instructed him.
2 K.12.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רק: PRT
- הבמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- סרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עוד: ADV
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מזבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ומקטרים: CONJ+VERB,piel,ptcp,3,m,pl
- בבמות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:4 (quotation): Direct parallel account of Joash (Jehoash) in Chronicles; repeats that the high places were not removed and the people continued to sacrifice and burn incense there.
- Deuteronomy 12:2-4 (thematic): Law commanding the destruction of high places and forbidding worship there—provides the legal/ideological background contrasted by the persistence of high-place worship in 2 Kings 12:4.
- 1 Kings 12:31 (thematic): Describes the establishment and use of high places (e.g., by Jeroboam) as authorized centers of worship outside Jerusalem—helps explain the institutional origins and persistence of high-place sacrifice referenced in 2 Kings 12:4.
- 2 Kings 17:10-11 (verbal): Narrates Israel's ongoing practice of setting up high places and burning incense on them; uses similar vocabulary and depicts the same religious behavior criticized in 2 Kings 12:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- However the high places were not taken away; the people still sacrificed and burned incense at the high places.
- Yet the people did not remove the high places; the people still sacrificed and burned incense at the high places.
2 K.12.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהואש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כל: DET
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקדשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יובא: VERB,niphal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עובר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נפשות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ערכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- להביא: VERB,hif,inf
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:4 (verbal): Nearly identical instruction in the parallel Deuteronomistic/Chronicles account: Joash tells the priests that all money dedicated for the house of the LORD that people bring should be used for the house (verbal and narrative parallel).
- 2 Chronicles 24:8-11 (structural): Continues the same narrative about appointing officers/Levites to collect funds for temple repair and the failure of the priests to deposit the money—direct parallel episode to 2 Kings 12:5–12.
- Exodus 35:5 (thematic): Calls for voluntary contributions for the sanctuary—echoes the theme of collecting offerings/money from the people for building or repairing God’s house.
- 1 Chronicles 26:20 (structural): Describes appointed treasurers/keepers of the house of the LORD charged with handling the temple’s valuables and offerings, paralleling Joash’s appointment of officers to collect and manage temple funds.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Joash said to the priests, “All the silver of the sacred things that is brought into the house of the LORD—silver from any passer-by, the valuation of every person, and all the silver that any man's heart prompts him to bring to the house of the LORD—
- Then Joash said to the priests, “All the money of the holy things that is brought into the house of the LORD — the money of everyone passing by, the valuation of every person, whatever any man dedicates in his heart to bring into the house of the LORD —
2 K.12.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יקחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאת: PREP
- מכרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- והם: CONJ+PRON,3,m,pl
- יחזקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בדק: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לכל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ימצא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- בדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:6 (quotation): Parallel account of Joash/Jehoash's temple repairs; Chronicles uses nearly the same wording about taking portions and strengthening the house of the LORD.
- 2 Chronicles 24:4-5 (structural): Describes the system of collecting funds and giving them to supervisors/workmen for repairing the temple—background structure for the action in 2 Kings 12:6.
- 1 Chronicles 29:2-5 (thematic): David and the leaders provide gold, silver, and materials for building the house of the LORD—theme of rulers and leaders procuring resources for the sanctuary.
- Haggai 1:8 (thematic): Prophetic call to bring timber and build the house of the LORD after neglect—shares the theme of mobilizing resources and labor to restore God's house.
- Nehemiah 2:17-18 (thematic): Nehemiah's summons to rebuild the ruined walls and the people's agreement to work and provide—parallels communal repair of sacred/urban structures and organizing resources for restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- the priests shall take for themselves; each one from his neighbor, and they shall use it to strengthen the repair of the house; for all that is found to be broken they shall strengthen the repair of the house.”
- the priests shall take it for themselves; each shall take from what is brought, and they shall be responsible for the repair of the house wherever any repair is found.”
2 K.12.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושלש: CONJ+NUM,card,sg
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהואש: PROPN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- חזקו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- את: PRT,acc
- בדק: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2Chron.24.7 (quotation): Chronicles preserves a parallel account of Jehoash’s 23rd year, explicitly stating that the priests had not repaired the house (direct retelling of the same event).
- 2Kgs.12.4 (verbal): Earlier in the same chapter the priests explain (and refuse) to repair the temple because of lack of funds—the same issue and narrative context as v.7.
- Hag.1:4 (thematic): Haggai rebukes the people for living in paneled houses while 'this house lies waste'—a thematic parallel addressing neglect of the Lord’s house and the need for repair.
- Neh.13:11 (thematic): Nehemiah confronts leaders about the house of God being forsaken and priests failing in their duties—another instance of official neglect of temple upkeep and worship.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came about in the twenty-third year of King Joash that the priests had not strengthened the repair of the house.
- But in the twenty-third year of King Joash the priests had not repaired the house.
2 K.12.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהואש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוידע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ולכהנים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- מדוע: ADV
- אינכם: VERB,qal,pres,2,m,pl
- מחזקים: VERB,piel,part,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בדק: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועתה: CONJ
- אל: NEG
- תקחו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאת: PREP
- מכריכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- לבדק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תתנהו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:4-14 (verbal): סיפור מקביל של מלכי וכתבי־תולדות: הכהנים גבו כסף מהעם במקום לתקן בית ה', ויהוידע/יואש מצווים להפסיק ולמסור את הכסף לתיקון ההיכל.
- Malachi 3:8-10 (thematic): האזהרה נגד 'הגזלת' האל (הגזלת מעשרות) והפקוד להחזיר מעשרות לאוצר בית ה' — מקבילה בקריאה להפסיק לקיחת כספים ולמסור אותם לבית ה'.
- Nehemiah 13:10-13 (thematic): הלוויים והכהנים לא קיבלו את חלקם ומשאבי הבית הוזנחו; נחמיה מתערב, אוסף ומשיב את המשאבים לשירות בית ה' — דמיון בהתערבות לתיקון ניהול כספי המקדש.
- John 2:13-16 (thematic): ישוע מנקה את המקדש ומגנה ניצול מסחרי של חצרות הבית — מקבילה בהתנגדות לשימוש בלתי־הולם בכספים ובמשאבים הקשורים לבית ה'.
Alternative generated candidates
- So the king called Jehoiada the priest and the other priests and said to them, “Why do you not strengthen the repair of the house? Now take no more money from your neighbors; give it instead for the repair of the house.”
- So the king called Jehoiada the priest and the other priests and said to them, “Why do you not strengthen the repair of the house? Now take no more money from your neighbors; but give it for the repair of the house.”
2 K.12.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לבלתי: PART,neg
- קחת: VERB,qal,inf
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאת: PREP
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ולבלתי: CONJ+PART,inf+neg
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- בדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:8-14 (structural): Direct parallel account of Joash/Jehoash's repairs of the temple and the handling/collection of funds by the priests; overlaps closely with the narrative and concerns in 2 Kings 12.
- 1 Samuel 2:12-17 (thematic): Describes corrupt priests (the sons of Eli) who take portions improperly from the people and the offerings — thematically linked to priestly misuse of temple resources and the prohibition on extorting money.
- Nehemiah 13:10-13 (thematic): Nehemiah rebukes the nobles for allowing the Levites to be neglected and restores proper provision for temple personnel; parallels the concern to protect temple support and prevent exploitation of sacred revenues.
- Malachi 3:8 (thematic): Condemns robbing God by withholding tithes and offerings; thematically related to financial stewardship of the sanctuary and the obligation not to divert or extort funds meant for the house of the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the priests agreed not to take money from the people any more, and they failed to strengthen the repair of the house.
- Yet the priests would not take the money from the people, nor would they undertake to repair the house of the LORD.
2 K.12.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ארון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- ויקב: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- חר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בדלתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons,poss3ms
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- אצל: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מימין: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבוא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ונתנו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- שמה: ADV
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- שמרי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המובא: ADJ,ptcp,passive,m,sg,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:8-11 (quotation): Parallel narrative: Jehoiada makes a chest with a hole, sets it beside the altar, and the gatekeepers collect the money for the house of the LORD — essentially the same account as 2 Kings 12:10–12.
- 1 Chronicles 26:20 (structural): Describes the duty of the gatekeepers/porters as treasurers of the house of God — parallels the role of the gatekeepers who handled and deposited temple money in 2 Kings 12:10.
- Nehemiah 10:37-39 (thematic): Commands the Levites to receive tithes and bring them into the storehouse for the service of the house of God — thematically related to organized collection and custody of funds for the temple.
- Malachi 3:8-10 (thematic): An admonition to bring tithes and offerings into the storehouse with promises of blessing — thematically linked to the obligation and practice of depositing monies for the upkeep of God's house.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Jehoiada the priest took a chest, bored a hole in its lid, and set it beside the altar, on the right side as one enters the house of the LORD; and the gatekeepers put into it all the money that was brought into the house of the LORD.
- Then Jehoiada the priest took a chest and bored a hole in its lid and set it beside the altar, on the right as one enters the house of the LORD; and the gatekeepers would put there all the money that was brought into the house of the LORD.
2 K.12.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כראותם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בארון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והכהן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ויצרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- וימנו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הנמצא: PART,nif,ptc,ms,sg,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:9-14 (verbal): Parallel narrative of Jehoash's temple repairs: priests and royal officials count the money found in the house of the LORD and use it for restoration (close verbal and thematic correspondence to 2 Kgs 12:11).
- Exodus 38:25-27 (verbal): Accounts of silver collected and weighed for the sanctuary—the people’s contributions are counted and totaled for use in the service of the tabernacle, echoing the practice of counting temple funds.
- 1 Chronicles 26:26-28 (thematic): Description of Levites/overseers who are responsible for the treasuries of the house of the LORD, paralleling the role of priests/officials in handling and counting temple monies.
- Malachi 3:8-10 (thematic): A prophetic call to bring tithes and offerings into the storehouse; thematically related to the obligation to deliver and account for money in the temple and its use for sacred purposes.
Alternative generated candidates
- When they saw that much money had been put into the chest, the king's scribe and the high priest came and counted the money that was in the house of the LORD.
- When they saw that there was much money in the chest, the king’s scribe and the high priest came and counted the money that was in the house of the LORD.
2 K.12.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונתנו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המתכן: PTCP,qal,ptcp,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- עשי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
- המלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- המפקדים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויוציאהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לחרשי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- העץ: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ולבנים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- העשים: NOUN,ptc,act,m,pl,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:9-12 (quotation): Direct retelling of the same episode: funds collected for the house of the LORD are handed to overseers and given to carpenters and builders to repair the temple (parallel narrative to 2 Kings 12:12).
- Exodus 35:21-35 (structural): Community contributions and the appointment of skilled craftsmen to construct the sanctuary and its furnishings — similar pattern of offerings/resources being used to supply artisans for God’s house.
- 1 Chronicles 29:2-5 (thematic): David and the people provide gold, silver, cedar and other materials for the temple building and furnishings, paralleling the theme of dedicating resources to equip workers for the house of God.
- 2 Chronicles 2:13-14 (thematic): Account of Solomon/Hiram arranging skilled workmen and supplying materials (cedar, craftsmen) for the temple project — comparable emphasis on providing resources and labor for building God’s house.
Alternative generated candidates
- They delivered the money that was found into the hands of the workmen who had oversight of the house of the LORD, and they gave it to the carpenters and builders who were doing the work on the house of the LORD.
- They handed the money that was found into the hands of the men who did the work, the overseers of the house of the LORD, and they gave it to the carpenters and builders who were doing the work on the house of the LORD.
2 K.12.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולגדרים: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולחצבי: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,pl,const
- האבן: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ולקנות: CONJ+PREP,VERB,qal,inf
- עצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואבני: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,const
- מחצב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחזק: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- בדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ולכל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לחזקה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 12:14 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same narrative: Jehoiada/officials take the collected money and pay stonecutters, carpenters and buy timber and dressed stones to repair the temple.
- 2 Chronicles 24:13 (structural): Parallel account in Chronicles describing the gathering of funds and the repair/strengthening of the house of the LORD with workers and materials.
- 1 Chronicles 22:14 (thematic): David’s preparation of timber, stone and other materials ‘with all my might’ for the building of the house of the LORD echoes the procurement of building materials for temple work.
- Nehemiah 2:8 (thematic): Nehemiah secures royal provision of timber for rebuilding—a comparable instance of procuring wood and materials for large-scale restoration work.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to the masons and stonecutters, and to buy timber and hewn stone—so to strengthen the repair of the house of the LORD and for everything that was laid out for the house to be strengthened.
- They gave it to the fence-makers and stonecutters, and to buy timber and quarried stone to strengthen the repair of the house of the LORD and for whatever work was required for the house to be repaired.
2 K.12.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אך: PART
- לא: PART_NEG
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ספות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזמרות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מזרקות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- חצצרות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- כל: DET
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המובא: PTCP,qal,pass,m,sg,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:14 (verbal): Parallel account of Joash’s temple repairs; repeats that they did not make silver basins, musical instruments, trumpets, or other gold and silver vessels from the silver brought into the house of the LORD.
- 2 Kings 12:15-16 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same narrative explaining what happened to the funds — overseers kept the money and paid workers — clarifying why the temple vessels were not produced.
- Ezra 1:7-11 (thematic): Lists the gold and silver vessels taken to Babylon and returned under Cyrus; thematically connected by concern for temple vessels of gold and silver and their disposition/restoration.
- 1 Chronicles 29:3-5 (thematic): David’s provision of vast amounts of gold and silver for the house of the LORD; serves as a thematic contrast to Joash’s refusal or failure to fashion the silver into temple vessels.
Alternative generated candidates
- But they did not make for the house of the LORD bowls of silver, or musical instruments, basins, trumpets, or any gold or silver utensils out of the money that was brought into the house of the LORD.
- But they did not make silver basins for the house of the LORD from the money brought into the house, nor musical instruments, water basins, trumpets, or any vessels of gold or silver.
2 K.12.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- לעשי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- המלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- יתנהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- וחזקו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:14-15 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Joash/Jehoash providing money to the overseers and workmen for repairing and strengthening the house of the LORD.
- 1 Kings 6:7 (thematic): Describes craftsmen (masons, carpenters) working on the house of the LORD and the practical process of building/repairing the temple.
- 1 Chronicles 22:14-16 (thematic): David collects materials and assigns craftsmen, provisioning and organizing the workforce for the building of the LORD’s house—similar theme of supplying and supporting temple labor.
- Nehemiah 2:18 (thematic): The communal initiative to rebuild and the rallying of workers (‘let us arise and build’) parallels the organized effort to repair and strengthen the house of God.
Alternative generated candidates
- For it was entrusted to the workmen, and they repaired the house of the LORD with it.
- They gave it to the craftsmen, and they repaired the house of the LORD with it.
2 K.12.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- יחשבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- האנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יתנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- לעשי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- המלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- באמנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- עשים: VERB,qal,inf
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:11-13 (verbal): Direct retelling of the same episode in Joash’s reign about collecting and disbursing funds for the temple; the overseers did not make an accounting because they were faithful (parallels wording and context).
- 1 Chronicles 29:3,9 (thematic): Describes voluntary gifts and provision for the house of God and the people’s willing, trustworthy participation in temple-building—similar theme of offerings entrusted for sacred work.
- 1 Corinthians 4:2 (thematic): Paul’s statement that ‘it is required of stewards that they be found faithful’ echoes the motif of trustworthy management of funds entrusted for God’s work, as in 2 Kgs 12:16.
- Luke 12:42 (thematic): Jesus’ image of the ‘faithful and wise steward’ responsible for giving others their portion at the proper time parallels the idea of reliable stewards who handle resources for communal/divine purposes without strict accounting.
Alternative generated candidates
- Nor did they reckon with the men into whose hands they delivered the money to give to the workers, for they acted faithfully.
- And they did not make an account with the men into whose hands they put the money, for they dealt faithfully.
2 K.12.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכסף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חטאות: NOUN,f,pl,const
- לא: PART_NEG
- יובא: VERB,nifal,impf,3,m,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לכהנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 6:18 (verbal): States that the priest shall eat the meat of the sin offering in a holy place — affirms that sin/guilt offerings are for the priests, matching 2 Kgs 12:17's allocation of such money to priests.
- Numbers 18:8-13 (thematic): Gives the legal arrangement for priests/Levites to receive portions of offerings and sacrificial gifts; supports the principle that certain sacrificial proceeds belong to the priests rather than the central treasury.
- Deuteronomy 18:1-5 (thematic): Declares that priests and Levites have no land inheritance but are to receive the people's offerings and portions — a background law explaining why guilt/sin-money is designated for priests.
- 2 Chronicles 24:6-14 (structural): Parallel narrative to 2 Kings 12 about Joash's temple repairs and the collection/use of temple funds; provides the Chronicles account of the same administrative/financial measures concerning temple monies.
- Ezekiel 44:29-31 (allusion): Describes the priests' entitlement to the sin and guilt offerings in the restored cultic order — echoes the rule that such offerings (or their money) are allotted to the priests.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the money of guilt and the money of sin was not brought into the house of the LORD; it belonged to the priests.
- The money of guilt offerings and of sin offerings was not brought into the house of the LORD; it belonged to the priests.
2 K.12.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אז: ADV
- יעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חזאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ארם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וילחם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- גת: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- וילכדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- וישם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חזאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פניו: NOUN,m,pl,cons+3,m,sg
- לעלות: VERB,qal,inf
- על: PREP
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:23-24 (verbal): Direct parallel account of the same episode: Hazael king of Aram captures Gath and sets his face toward Jerusalem; Chronicles repeats and expands the report (including Jehoash’s tribute to Hazael).
- 2 Kings 8:7-15 (allusion): Elisha’s earlier prophecy and narrative introducing Hazael as future king of Aram who will be violent toward Israel — background explanation for Hazael’s subsequent military actions like the attack on Gath and threat to Jerusalem.
- 2 Kings 13:22 (thematic): Summarizes Hazael’s oppression of Israel in later years; thematically related as part of the wider pattern of Hazael’s campaigns against Israelite and Judahite territories.
- 1 Kings 20:1-30 (thematic): Accounts of Aramean (Syrian) military campaigns against Israel under Ben‑hadad; thematically parallels the pattern of Syrian/Aramean aggression and sieges that culminate in later assaults such as Hazael’s capture of Gath and threat to Jerusalem.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Hazael king of Aram went up and fought against Gath and captured it; and Hazael turned his face to go up against Jerusalem.
- Now Hazael king of Aram marched up and fought against Gath and captured it; Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem.
2 K.12.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהואש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הקדשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הקדישו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- יהושפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהורם: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואחזיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואת: CONJ
- קדשיו: NOUN,m,pl,cons,3,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הזהב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הנמצא: PART,nif,ptc,ms,sg,def
- באצרות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ובית: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לחזאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ארם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מעל: PREP
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:23-24 (verbal): Direct parallel account of the same episode in Chronicles: Joash/Jehoash removes the dedicated things and Hazael of Aram comes against Jerusalem; Chronicles recounts the event with similar details.
- 2 Kings 8:12-13 (allusion): Earlier episode in Kings where Elisha foretells Hazael’s rise and cruelty; provides background motive for Hazael’s later attack and exactions on Israel and Judah.
- 2 Kings 13:22-25 (thematic): Later references to Hazael’s sustained military pressure on Israel/Judah illustrate the pattern of Aramean aggression that culminates in raids like the one described in 2 Kgs 12:19.
- 1 Chronicles 29:3-5 (thematic): Contrastive parallel about royal dedication of gold and silver to the house of Yahweh (David’s gifts); highlights the significance of temple treasures and the sacrilegious nature of a king removing them to placate a foreign ruler.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Jehoash king of Judah took all the sacred things that Jehoshaphat and Jehoram and Ahaziah, his fathers, kings of Judah, had dedicated, and his own sacred things; and he took all the gold that was found in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and of the king's house, and sent it to Hazael king of Aram. Then Hazael withdrew from Jerusalem.
- Then Joash king of Judah took all the dedicated things that Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah his fathers, kings of Judah, had dedicated, and the dedicated things and all the gold that was found in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and of the king’s house; and he sent them to Hazael king of Aram, and Hazael withdrew from Jerusalem.
2 K.12.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הלוא: PART
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- כתובים: VERB,pual,ptcp,m,pl
- על: PREP
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למלכי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- 2Chr.24.27 (quotation): Direct parallel in Chronicles: Chronicles gives a parallel account of Joash and concludes with the same note that the rest of his acts are recorded in the books of the kings (an expanded/parallel tradition).
- 1Kgs.14.19 (verbal): Same closing formula about the 'rest of the acts' being written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah — a recurrent verbal formula used to conclude a king's account (here applied to Rehoboam).
- 2Kgs.21.17 (verbal): Identical concluding wording for another Judean king (Manasseh): the narrative closes by referring readers to the book of the chronicles for the remaining deeds, showing the standard historiographical formula in Kings.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the rest of the acts of Joash and all that he did—are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
- And the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
2 K.12.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקמו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- ויקשרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- קשר: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלא: ADJ,m,sg
- היורד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- סלא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 24:25 (quotation): Direct parallel account of Joash’s assassination; Chronicles records the servants' conspiracy, his being struck and slain at the house of Millo and the burial details.
- 2 Samuel 4:5-7 (thematic): Ish-bosheth is murdered by his own captains/servants in a conspiracy—parallel motif of subordinate officials conspiring to kill a king.
- 2 Chronicles 22:9-12 (thematic): Narrative of Ahaziah’s downfall and death at the hands of opposing forces/agents (Jehu’s men)—another instance of a king killed amid palace violence and conspiracy.
- 2 Kings 9:24-26 (thematic): Joram (Jehoram) is violently struck down during a coup; similar sudden, violent death of a king and the political overthrow that surrounds it.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then his servants arose, conspired, and struck Joash at Beth-millo while he was going down to Silla.
- His servants rose up, conspired, and struck Joash at the house of Millo, on the way that goes down to Silla.
Joash was seven years old when he began to reign.
In the seventh year of Jehu Joash began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Zibiah of Beersheba.
Joash did what was right in the eyes of the LORD all the days that Jehoiada the priest instructed him.
However, the high places were not removed; the people still made sacrifices and burned incense on the high places.
Then Joash said to the priests, “All the silver of the holy things that is brought into the house of the LORD—every assessment that is imposed on a man, and every valuation of persons—whatever someone’s heart prompts him to bring into the house of the LORD—
let the priests take it for themselves; it shall be their wage. And let them be responsible for repairing the house wherever any repair is found.” But it came about in the twenty-third year of the reign of Joash that the priests had not made good the repair of the house. So the king called Jehoiada the priest and the other priests and said to them, “Why have you not strengthened the repair of the house? Now take no more money from your companions; rather deposit it for the repair of the house.” But the priests answered, “We will not take money from the people, nor will we strengthen the repair of the house.”
Then Jehoiada the priest took a chest and bored a hole in its lid and set it beside the altar, on the right hand as one came into the house of the LORD. The gatekeepers put into it all the money that was brought into the house of the LORD.
When they saw that there was much money in the chest, the king's scribe and the high priest came up and counted the money that was found in the house of the LORD.
They gave the money that was found into the hands of the overseers of the workmen who were over the house of the LORD, and those overseers delivered it to the carpenters and to the builders who were working on the house of the LORD. And they gave it to the masons and the hewers of stone, and to buy timber and quarried stone to strengthen the repair of the house of the LORD and for all that was laid out for the house to repair it. But they did not make for the house of the LORD vessels of silver to overlay, musical instruments, basins, trumpets, or any gold or silver utensils from the money that was brought into the house of the LORD.
Rather they gave it to the workmen and repaired with it the house of the LORD.
They did not make a reckoning with the men into whose hand they gave the money to pay the workmen, for they acted faithfully.
The guilt-money and the sin-money were not brought into the house of the LORD; it was the priests'.
Then Hazael king of Aram went up and fought against Gath and captured it, and Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem. So Joash king of Judah took all the sacred things that Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah—his fathers, kings of Judah—had dedicated, together with their own sacred things and all the gold that was found in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and of the king's house, and sent them to Hazael king of Aram; and he withdrew from Jerusalem.
As for the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
Then his servants arose, conspired, and struck Joash in the house of Millo, by the way that goes down to Silla. He died, and they buried him in the city of David, but they did not bury him in the tombs of the kings.