Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House
Luke 19:1-10
Luke.19.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- εισελθων: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- διηρχετο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- Ιεριχω: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Mark 10:46 (structural): Mark places Jesus at Jericho in the narrative of Bartimaeus (the blind man) and describes his movement through/leaving Jericho, paralleling Luke’s setting of Jesus’ itinerant movement in the same town.
- Matthew 20:29-34 (structural): Matthew recounts Jesus’ encounter with two blind men as he departs Jericho; like Luke 19:1 this locates a key healing/conversion episode in the Jericho setting (Synoptic parallel).
- Luke 18:35 (verbal): Earlier in Luke the Gospel uses nearly identical phrasing about approaching Jericho in the account of a blind man; the repeated Jericho motif links episodes focused on sight and salvation.
- Joshua 6:1-27 (allusion): The OT conquest of Jericho provides a background contrast: Joshua’s violent taking of the city versus Jesus’ peaceful passage through it, inviting readers to note theological and narrative contrasts tied to the place.
Alternative generated candidates
- As Jesus entered and was passing through Jericho,
- As Jesus entered Jericho, a man there named Zacchaeus—he was a chief tax collector and rich—
Luke.19.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ιδου: PART
- ανηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ονοματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- καλουμενος: PART,pres,mp,nom,sg,m
- Ζακχαιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- αρχιτελωνης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- πλουσιος·: ADJ,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 9:9 (thematic): The calling of Levi/Matthew, a tax collector, parallels Zacchaeus as another instance of Jesus calling or engaging with tax collectors—the motif of outreach to ‘sinners’.
- Mark 2:15–17 (allusion): Jesus dines with tax collectors and sinners, illustrating the same pattern of Jesus’ association and acceptance of tax collectors exemplified in Zacchaeus’ encounter.
- Luke 19:8 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: Zacchaeus’ pledge to repay and give to the poor shows the moral/transformational outcome of the encounter introduced in 19:2.
- Luke 18:18–30 (thematic): The Rich Young Ruler story addresses wealth and discipleship, providing a thematic foil to Zacchaeus’ wealth and his response to Jesus’ call.
- Luke 18:13–14 (thematic): The parable’s humble tax collector who is justified contrasts and complements Zacchaeus’ seeking posture and eventual repentance/justification before Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- there was a man named Zacchaeus; he was a chief tax collector and was rich.
- sought to see who Jesus was, but could not for the crowd, because he was of short stature.
Luke.19.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εζητει: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ιδειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιησουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ηδυνατο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- απο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- οχλου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- ηλικια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- μικρος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Mark 10:46-52 (thematic): Bartimaeus at or near Jericho seeks to see Jesus and is prevented by circumstances (crowd/blindness); both narratives focus on a marginalized person urgently seeking Jesus' attention.
- Matthew 20:29-34 (verbal): Parallel version of the Bartimaeus episode (similar wording and setting): blind men cry out to Jesus and are initially impeded by the crowd—connected theme of those on the margins striving to reach Jesus.
- Luke 18:35-43 (thematic): Luke's earlier account of a blind man pleading for Jesus, with crowd dynamics affecting access; shares themes of desperate seeking and Jesus’ response to those who are excluded.
- Luke 19:4 (structural): Immediate continuation of the Zacchaeus episode: because he was small in stature (v.3), Zacchaeus climbs a sycamore tree to see Jesus—directly linked action explaining the obstacle mentioned in v.3.
- John 12:9-11 (thematic): Large crowds coming to see Jesus (here because of Lazarus) illustrate how popular gatherings can impede individual access to Jesus, a similar crowd-context that explains Zacchaeus' difficulty.
Alternative generated candidates
- He sought to see who Jesus was, but could not on account of the crowd, for he was small in stature.
- So he ran on ahead and climbed a sycamore-fig tree to see him, for he was about to pass that way.
Luke.19.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- προδραμων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- εμπροσθεν: PREP
- ανεβη: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- επι: PREP
- συκομορεαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ινα: CONJ
- ιδη: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- εκεινης: PRON,gen,sg,f
- ημελλεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- διερχεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,inf
Parallels
- Mark 10:46-52 (thematic): A blind man (Bartimaeus) near Jericho runs/crying out to see Jesus as he passes; both accounts feature people urgently seeking Jesus’ sight/attention and receiving salvation/healing.
- Matthew 9:9 (thematic): Call of Matthew (Levi) the tax collector—like Zacchaeus, a social outcast/tax collector who encounters Jesus and whose life is transformed, highlighting Luke’s theme of Jesus seeking and saving sinners.
- Amos 7:14 (verbal): Amos describes himself as a 'dresser of sycamore trees' (or a keeper of sycamores); both verses unusually invoke the sycamore tree, connecting Zacchaeus’s climbing to an Old Testament cultural image of sycamores.
- John 1:48 (allusion): Jesus’ remark to Nathanael about seeing him 'under the fig tree' echoes the motif of personal encounters with Jesus associated with trees—both scenes emphasize seeking/seeing Jesus in a private vantage point.
Alternative generated candidates
- So he ran ahead and climbed up into a sycamore tree to see him, for he was about to pass that way.
- When Jesus came to the place he looked up and said to him, 'Zacchaeus, hurry and come down, for I must stay at your house today.'
Luke.19.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ως: ADV
- ηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- επι: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- τοπον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- αναβλεψας: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- προς: PREP
- αυτον·Ζακχαιε: PRON,acc,sg,m + NOUN,voc,sg,m
- σπευσας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- καταβηθι: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- σημερον: ADV
- γαρ: PART
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- οικω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- δει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- μειναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- Mark 2:15-17 (thematic): Jesus eats with tax collectors and sinners; critics ask why, and Jesus replies that he came to call sinners—parallels Jesus' outreach to Zacchaeus (a tax collector) and his acceptance of the sinner's hospitality.
- Luke 19:9-10 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the episode: Jesus declares that salvation has come to Zacchaeus' house and states the mission of the Son of Man to seek and save the lost, directly linking his commissioning of Zacchaeus to the larger theme of salvation.
- Luke 5:29-32 (thematic): Levi (Matthew) entertains Jesus at his house after being called; Jesus associates with tax collectors and sinners and explains his mission—similar social setting and the call of a tax collector leading to repentance and a meal in his home.
- Luke 7:36-50 (thematic): Jesus accepts hospitality in a house where a ‘sinner’ anoints him and receives forgiveness after a demonstration of repentance; parallels the pattern of Jesus' table fellowship with sinners and the connection between repentance, forgiveness, and acceptance.
- Luke 15:4-7 (thematic): Parable of the lost sheep (and related parables) emphasizes seeking the lost and rejoicing over their recovery—the same salvific concern that Jesus expresses toward Zacchaeus.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Jesus came to the place, he looked up and said to him, 'Zacchaeus, hurry and come down, for I must stay at your house today.'
- And he came down quickly and received him with joy.
Luke.19.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- σπευσας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- κατεβη: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- υπεδεξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- χαιρων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Luke 15:20-24 (thematic): Both scenes center on a joyful reception into a household/family: the father gladly receives the returning son and celebrates (joy at restoration), paralleling Zacchaeus receiving Jesus with joy.
- Luke 10:38-42 (thematic): Like Zacchaeus who welcomes Jesus into his home, Mary and Martha receive Jesus as a houseguest; both passages highlight hospitality and the significance of receiving Jesus into one’s house.
- Matthew 21:8-9 (thematic): Public demonstrations of welcome and joy toward Jesus (crowds spreading cloaks and shouting praise) parallel Zacchaeus’s joyful reception, emphasizing acclaim and acceptance of Jesus.
- Acts 9:26-27 (structural): Barnabas vouches for and brings the formerly suspect Paul into the apostolic circle—an instance of receiving an outsider into community/companionship, structurally similar to Zacchaeus’s reception into friendship with Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he hastened and came down, and welcomed him joyfully.
- When they all saw it, they murmured, saying, 'He has gone in to be the guest of a sinner.'
Luke.19.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ιδοντες: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,pl,m
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- διεγογγυζον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- λεγοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,masc
- οτι: CONJ
- Παρα: PREP
- αμαρτωλω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ανδρι: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- εισηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- καταλυσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
Parallels
- Luke 5:30 (verbal): Pharisees and scribes 'murmured' about Jesus eating with tax collectors and sinners—same complaint about his association with 'sinners.'
- Luke 15:2 (verbal): Pharisees charge that 'this man receives sinners and eats with them,' echoing the accusation made when Jesus visits Zacchaeus.
- Matthew 9:11 (thematic): The scribes ask, 'Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?'—a parallel rebuke to Jesus for entering the house of a sinner.
- Mark 2:16 (verbal): Pharisees question Jesus' disciples, 'Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners?'—verbal and situational parallel to the murmuring in Luke 19:7.
- Matthew 11:19 (allusion): Jesus is criticized for 'eating and drinking' with sinners (called a glutton and drunkard), reflecting the broader pattern of reproach for his fellowship with sinners highlighted in Luke 19:7.
Alternative generated candidates
- When they saw it, they all murmured, saying, 'He has gone in to be the guest of a sinner.'
- But Zacchaeus stood and said to the Lord, 'Look, Lord: half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have defrauded anyone, I restore fourfold.'
Luke.19.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- σταθεις: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,sg
- δε: CONJ
- Ζακχαιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- προς: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- κυριον·Ιδου: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- ημισια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- υπαρχοντων: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,pl,n
- κυριε: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- πτωχοις: ADJ,dat,pl,m
- διδωμι: VERB,pres,act,subj,1,sg
- και: CONJ
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- τινος: PRON,gen,sg,m
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- εσυκοφαντησα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- αποδιδωμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- τετραπλουν: ADV
Parallels
- Exodus 22:1 (verbal): OT law prescribing monetary restitution for theft (e.g., fourfold for a sheep); Luke's 'τετραπλουν' (fourfold) verbally echoes Israelite restitution formulas.
- Leviticus 6:2-5 (allusion): Priestly law requiring confession and repayment (with an added portion) for wrongs; provides the legal/ethical background for Zacchaeus' pledge to make amends.
- Luke 3:10-14 (thematic): John the Baptist's call to repentance includes concrete ethical reforms (tax collectors: 'collect no more than owed'); parallels Zacchaeus' tangible acts of restitution and generosity as evidence of repentance.
- Luke 18:13-14 (thematic): The parable of the tax collector who humbly repents and is justified by God; parallels Zacchaeus' repentance and the theme that a transformed, contrite outsider receives divine acceptance.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Zacchaeus stood and said to the Lord, 'Look, Lord: I give half my possessions to the poor; and if I have defrauded anyone, I will restore fourfold.'
- And Jesus said to him, 'Today salvation has come to this house, for he too is a son of Abraham.'
Luke.19.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- προς: PREP
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- Σημερον: ADV
- σωτηρια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- οικω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- τουτω: DEM,dat,sg,m
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- καθοτι: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εστιν·: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Luke 19:10 (structural): Immediate context: Jesus explains his mission 'to seek and to save the lost,' which directly explains why 'salvation has come to this house.'
- Luke 15:7 (thematic): Parallels the theme of joy/celebration over a sinner's repentance — heaven rejoices when a lost person is found, as in Zacchaeus' conversion.
- Luke 18:13-14 (thematic): The tax collector's humility and justification ('God, be merciful to me, a sinner' and 'he went home justified') parallels Zacchaeus (a tax collector) being declared saved.
- Luke 5:32 (thematic): Jesus' statement that he came 'to call sinners to repentance' provides the broader mission context for why a tax collector like Zacchaeus receives salvation.
- Galatians 3:7 (verbal): Verbal/theological parallel: 'those who are of faith are sons of Abraham' echoes Jesus' declaration that Zacchaeus is a 'son of Abraham,' indicating covenant inclusion through faith/repentance.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus said to him, 'Today salvation has come to this house, for he also is a son of Abraham.'
- For the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost.
Luke.19.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: PART
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ζητησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- και: CONJ
- σωσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- απολωλος: ADJ,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Matthew 18:11 (verbal): Some manuscripts read nearly the same wording ('The Son of Man came to save that which was lost'), a close verbal parallel to Luke 19:10's mission statement.
- Luke 15:4-7 (thematic): The parable of the lost sheep emphasizes seeking and rejoicing over the recovered—illustrating Jesus' mission to seek and save the lost.
- Luke 5:31-32 (thematic): Jesus declares he came to call sinners, not the righteous—another explicit statement of his salvific purpose toward the lost.
- John 10:11-16 (thematic): As the Good Shepherd who seeks, protects, and lays down his life for the sheep, Jesus' shepherding imagery parallels the mission to recover and save the lost.
- 1 Timothy 1:15 (thematic): Paul's summary that 'Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners' echoes Luke 19:10's central claim about Jesus' purpose.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost.'
Jesus entered and was passing through Jericho. Now there was a man there named Zacchaeus; he was a chief tax collector and he was rich.
He sought to see who Jesus was, but could not for the crowd, because he was small in stature. So he ran on ahead and climbed up into a sycamore tree to see him, for he was about to pass that way.
When Jesus came to the place, he looked up and said to him, 'Zacchaeus, hurry and come down; for I must stay at your house today.' And he hurried and came down, and received him joyfully. But when they saw it, they all complained, saying, 'He has gone in to be the guest of a man who is a sinner.'
Then Zacchaeus stood and said to the Lord, 'Look, Lord; half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have defrauded anyone of anything, I restore it fourfold.' And Jesus said to him, 'Today salvation has come to this house, for he too is a son of Abraham.'
For the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost.