Booths
Leviticus 23:33-44
Lev.23.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Lev.23.1 (structural): Same chapter-opening formula — the LORD speaks to Moses to introduce the legislation concerning the appointed festivals; frames the whole section on holy convocations.
- Lev.4.1 (verbal): Uses the identical phrasing 'וידבר יהוה אל־משה לאמר' to introduce laws (here about sin‑offerings); a recurring legal‑formulaic introduction for priestly commandments.
- Lev.1.1 (verbal): Another near‑verbatim instance introducing sacrificial legislation; parallels in wording and in the function of transmitting divine commands to Moses.
- Num.28.1 (thematic): God speaks to Moses about offerings and cultic regulations for Israel (daily and festival sacrifices); thematically parallel in addressing ritual/offerings connected with the feasts described in Lev 23.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Lev.23.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- בחמשה: PREP+NUM,m,pl
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השביעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- חג: NOUN,m,sg,const
- הסכות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:39-43 (structural): Continues and elaborates the Feast of Booths instructions (dates, seven days, dwelling in booths, reason: remembrance of Israel's wilderness sojourn), directly parallel and expansion of v.34.
- Exodus 23:16 (thematic): Names the festival as the Feast of Harvest/Ingathering at the end of the year—links the agricultural timing and purpose of the Feast of Booths.
- Deuteronomy 16:13-15 (thematic): Prescribes the Feast of Booths as a time of rejoicing (living in booths, celebration with family) and recalls Israel’s wilderness experience, echoing Leviticus’ emphases.
- Numbers 29:12-39 (verbal): Gives the sacrificial schedule and offerings for the Feast of Booths (daily and special offerings for seven days), providing parallel liturgical details for the same festival.
- Zechariah 14:16-19 (allusion): Envisions an eschatological observance in which nations must celebrate the Feast of Booths in Jerusalem—reflects the festival’s enduring cultic and symbolic significance.
Alternative generated candidates
- Speak to the Israelites, saying: On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the Festival of Booths, seven days to the LORD.
- Speak to the Israelites, saying: On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the Festival of Booths, seven days, to the LORD.
Lev.23.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ביום: PREP
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- מקרא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- מלאכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עבדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
Parallels
- Lev.23.3 (verbal): Weekly Sabbath: described as “a holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein,” using the same liturgical formula for sacred assemblies and cessation of work.
- Lev.23.21 (verbal): Feast of Weeks (Shavuot): explicitly uses the identical language—“a holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work”—for the festival day.
- Lev.23.39 (verbal): The eighth day of the Feast of Booths (Sukkot): repeats the formula “a holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work,” framing the final festival day as holy and work-free.
- Exod.12.16 (quotation): Instruction for the first and seventh days of Unleavened Bread: “a holy convocation…no manner of work shall be done,” an earlier articulation of the same festival-rest law.
- Lev.23.32 (thematic): Day of Atonement: proclaimed a ‘sabbath of rest’ forbidding work (affliction of soul and cessation of labor), thematically linked to the idea of sacred non-work on appointed holy days.
Alternative generated candidates
- On the first day is a holy convocation; you shall not do any laborious work.
- On the first day there shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any work of labor.
Lev.23.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תקריבו: VERB,qal,imprf,2,m,pl
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ביום: PREP
- השמיני: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
- מקרא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- והקרבתם: VERB,hiphil,perf,2,m,pl
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- עצרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- מלאכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עבדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:8 (verbal): Uses the same formula—'a holy convocation' (מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ) and prohibition of work—applied to the first and seventh days of Unleavened Bread, showing the recurring liturgical pattern for festival days.
- Leviticus 23:21 (verbal): Of the Feast of Weeks (Shavuot): commands a 'holy convocation' and that no ordinary work be done, echoing the exact cultic language and rule found in v.36.
- Numbers 28:26-31 (thematic): Prescribes the offerings for the Feast of Weeks and likewise requires a holy convocation and cessation of ordinary work, paralleling the ritual and legal framework for sacred festival days.
- Exodus 12:16 (thematic): Describes the Passover/Feast of Unleavened Bread days as 'holy convocations' when no work is done; parallels Lev 23:36 in establishing special sacred assemblies and a ban on labor for festival observance.
Alternative generated candidates
- Seven days you shall present an offering by fire to the LORD; on the eighth day a holy convocation shall be for you, and you shall present an offering by fire to the LORD; it is a solemn assembly; you shall not do any laborious work.
- Seven days you shall present an offering by fire to the LORD. On the eighth day there shall be a holy convocation for you, and you shall present an offering by fire to the LORD; it is a closing assembly; you shall not do any work of labor.
Lev.23.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- מועדי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תקראו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- מקראי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- להקריב: VERB,hiph,inf
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ומנחה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונסכים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביומו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg+SUFF,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.23:2 (verbal): Repeats the opening phrase and function of the festivals: 'These are the appointed feasts of the LORD' and the command to call them holy convocations—closely parallel wording and structure.
- Num.28:2 (thematic): Commands regular offerings 'at their appointed times' (mo'adim), prescribing burnt offerings, grain offerings, and drink offerings for the established sacred calendar—parallels Leviticus' emphasis on offerings for the feasts.
- Exod.23:14-17 (thematic): Earliest Sinai/settlement instruction about keeping the appointed feasts (three annual festivals) and bringing offerings—background tradition for Leviticus' formal festival regulations.
- Deut.16:16 (structural): Requires pilgrimage to appear before the LORD at the appointed festivals (Pesach, Shavuot, Sukkot)—connects the convocational and communal aspect of Leviticus' holy assemblies.
- Ezek.45:17 (verbal): States that on the Sabbath, new moons and appointed feasts the prince must provide burnt offerings and other sacrifices—reflects the ongoing Temple/ritual realization of Leviticus' feast-offering prescriptions.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the appointed times of the LORD, which you shall proclaim as holy convocations, to present an offering by fire to the LORD—burnt offering and grain offering, sacrifice and drink offerings—each day’s requirement on its day.
- These are the appointed times of the LORD, which you shall proclaim as holy convocations, to present an offering by fire to the LORD: burnt offering and grain offering, sacrifice and drink offerings, each day’s due on its day.
Lev.23.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מלבד: PREP
- שבתת: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומלבד: CONJ+PREP
- מתנותיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,2mp
- ומלבד: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- נדריכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2mp
- ומלבד: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- נדבותיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,2mp
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תתנו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 29:39 (verbal): Repeats the formula linking festival offerings with other obligations—‘beside the sabbaths…beside your gifts…beside all your vows…and beside all your freewill offerings’ in the context of tabernacles/feast offerings.
- Leviticus 23:37 (structural): Immediate context: v.37 lays out the statutes and holy convocations for the festivals; v.38 specifies that the listed festival offerings are in addition to regular Sabbaths, vows, gifts, and freewill offerings.
- Deuteronomy 12:5-7 (thematic): Addresses where and how Israelites are to bring prescribed sacrifices, vows and voluntary offerings to the LORD—theme of distinguishing required festival/centralized offerings from vows and freewill gifts.
- Isaiah 1:11-15 (thematic): Contrasts the ritual giving of offerings, Sabbaths and sacrifices with true covenant fidelity—warning that external offerings alone, apart from righteousness, are unacceptable to God.
Alternative generated candidates
- Besides the sabbaths of the LORD, and besides your gifts, and besides all your vows, and besides all your freewill offerings that you give to the LORD.
- Apart from the sabbaths of the LORD, and apart from your gifts, and apart from all your vows, and apart from all your freewill offerings that you give to the LORD.
Lev.23.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אך: PART
- בחמשה: PREP+NUM,m,pl
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השביעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- באספכם: PREP,VERB,qal,perf,2,mp
- את: PRT,acc
- תבואת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- תחגו: VERB,qal,impf,2,mp
- את: PRT,acc
- חג: NOUN,m,sg,const
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ביום: PREP
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- שבתון: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וביום: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמיני: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
- שבתון: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 16:13-15 (verbal): Gives the same instruction to observe the Feast of Booths (Tabernacles) for seven days on the fifteenth day of the seventh month when you have gathered the produce, with an explicit command to rejoice.
- Exodus 23:16 (thematic): Refers to the same harvest festival as the 'Feast of Harvest' or 'Feast of Ingathering' at the end of the year, linking the celebration to the agricultural ingathering.
- Numbers 29:12-39 (structural): Provides the sacrificial schedule and cultic details for the Feast of Booths, including offerings across the seven days and special observances associated with the festival.
- Leviticus 23:42-43 (verbal): Immediately connected instruction within the same chapter to dwell in booths during the seven days and the theological rationale (remembering Israel's wilderness sojourn).
- Nehemiah 8:14-18 (thematic): Describes the postexilic reinstitution of Sukkot (booths): the people make booths, observe the seven-day festival and celebrate with great joy, echoing the Mosaic commands.
Alternative generated candidates
- However, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you gather in the produce of the land, you shall celebrate the festival of the LORD seven days; on the first day a sabbath-rest, and on the eighth day a sabbath-rest.
- However, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you gather in the produce of the land, you shall celebrate the festival of the LORD seven days; on the first day a sabbath-rest, and on the eighth day a sabbath-rest.
Lev.23.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקחתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ביום: PREP
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- פרי: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- עץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כפת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תמרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וענף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עבת: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- וערבי: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- נחל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושמחתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Lev.23:42-43 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the command: dwelling in booths seven days and the purpose (to remember Israel’s wilderness sojourn) directly explains and expands the instruction to take branches and rejoice.
- Neh.8:14-18 (verbal): Post‑exilic observance: people gather palm branches and other foliage, make booths, and celebrate the seven‑day Feast of Booths—echoes the taking of branches and rejoicing in Lev.23:40.
- Exod.23:16 (thematic): Earliest institutional reference to the Feast of Ingathering/Tabernacles (Sukkot); establishes the agricultural/harvest setting and annual observance that underlie Lev.23:40.
- John 7:37-39 (allusion): Jesus’ public ministry during the Feast of Tabernacles (the final day’s water/“living water” imagery) alludes to the festival context and ritual themes of Sukkot mentioned in Lev.23:40.
- Zech.14:16-19 (thematic): Prophetic vision linking Sukkot to national/pilgrimage worship: nations are commanded to keep the Feast of Booths in Jerusalem, underscoring the festival’s enduring religious significance reflected in Lev.23:40.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall take for yourselves on the first day fruit of a splendid tree, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
- And you shall take for yourselves on the first day the fruit of splendid trees, palm branches, boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
Lev.23.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וחגתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- חג: NOUN,m,sg,const
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חקת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לדרתיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השביעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- תחגו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:42-43 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: commands dwelling in booths for seven days, remembering the wilderness, and repeats that it is a perpetual statute for your generations (same ritual and language as v.41).
- Deuteronomy 16:13-15 (thematic): Commands the Feast of Booths in the seventh month with rejoicing and living in temporary shelters — echoes Leviticus' timing, purpose (remembrance/rejoicing), and communal celebration.
- Numbers 29:12-39 (structural): Gives the detailed sacrificial program for the seven-day Feast of Tabernacles, corresponding to Leviticus' designation of the festival, its duration, and cultic observance.
- Nehemiah 8:14-18 (allusion): Postexilic account of reestablishing the Feast of Booths: people make and dwell in booths and publicly keep the festival, reaffirming Leviticus' institution after the return from exile.
- Zechariah 14:16 (thematic): Prophetic/eschatological echo: nations are expected to go up annually to keep the Feast of Booths, extending the festival's significance beyond Israel and into future covenant hopes.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD seven days in the year; it is a statute forever throughout your generations; in the seventh month you shall celebrate it.
- And you shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD seven days in the year; it is a statute forever throughout your generations; in the seventh month you shall celebrate it.
Lev.23.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בסכת: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- תשבו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כל: DET
- האזרח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בסכת: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 16:13-15 (verbal): Commands Israel to keep the Feast of Tabernacles seven days at the year’s end and to rejoice — parallel instruction to dwell in booths and celebrate the seven-day festival.
- Numbers 29:12-34 (structural): Prescribes the schedule and sacrificial offerings for the seven-day Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot), paralleling Leviticus’ calendrical and cultic regulations.
- Nehemiah 8:14-18 (verbal): Narrates the post-exilic observance when the people made and dwelt in booths as the law prescribed, directly echoing Leviticus’ command in practice.
- Exodus 34:22 (thematic): Refers to the Feast of Ingathering/Tabernacles at the end of the year, connecting the same agricultural and festival context as Leviticus 23:42.
- Zechariah 14:16-19 (allusion): Envisions a future/eschatological observance of the Feast of Tabernacles by the nations in Jerusalem — a prophetic allusion to the ongoing significance of dwelling in booths.
Alternative generated candidates
- In booths you shall dwell seven days; all the native-born in Israel shall dwell in booths,
- In booths you shall dwell seven days; all the native-born in Israel shall dwell in booths.
Lev.23.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- למען: PREP
- ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- דרתיכם: NOUN,f,pl,suff
- כי: CONJ
- בסכות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הושבתי: VERB,hif,perf,1,?,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בהוציאי: PREP+VERB,hiph,perf,1,?,sg
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Lev.23:42 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same command about dwelling in booths seven days — the instruction that the people shall 'dwell in booths' and the festival's duration.
- Deut.16:13-15 (thematic): Repeats the command to keep the Feast of Booths for seven days and to rejoice, linking the observance to communal memory and celebration.
- Nehemiah 8:14-18 (verbal): Describes making and living in booths and instituting the festival for the people, echoing the concrete practice and its purpose as a communal remembrance.
- Exod.12:26-27 (thematic): Parallel in the pedagogy of festivals: instructing future generations about the meaning of an observance because of what the LORD did in bringing Israel out of Egypt.
- Zech.14:16 (allusion): Prophetic vision that the surviving nations/Israel will annually keep the Feast of Booths, linking the festival to worship and ongoing remembrance of God's acts.
Alternative generated candidates
- so that your generations may know that in booths I made the Israelites dwell when I brought them out from the land of Egypt; I am the LORD your God.
- So that your generations may know that in booths I made the Israelites dwell when I brought them out from the land of Egypt; I am the LORD your God.
Lev.23.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- מעדי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:2 (verbal): Same chapter and closely parallel wording — earlier command to 'speak unto the children of Israel' about the LORD’s appointed feasts (sets up the detailed festival laws).
- Exodus 23:14-17 (thematic): Gives the fundamental command to observe the three annual feasts (Passover, Feast of Harvest/Pentecost, Feast of Ingathering) that Leviticus 23 systematizes.
- Deuteronomy 16:1-17 (thematic): Deuteronomic restatement of the festival regulations and pilgrimage requirements (Passover, Weeks, Booths), paralleling the content Moses declares in Leviticus 23.
- Numbers 9:1-5 (structural): Narrative instance of Israel observing Passover in the wilderness after the LORD’s command — an enactment of the festival instruction Moses communicates in Leviticus 23.
- Deuteronomy 5:1 (structural): Similar narrative formula: 'Moses called all Israel, and said unto them...' — parallels the report form that Moses proclaimed the LORD’s statutes and instructions to the people.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses spoke the appointed times of the LORD to the Israelites.
- And Moses spoke the appointed times of the LORD to the Israelites.
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Speak to the Israelites, saying: On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the Festival of Booths, seven days to the LORD.
On the first day shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any laborious work.
For seven days you shall present an offering by fire to the LORD; on the eighth day there shall be a holy convocation for you, and you shall present an offering by fire to the LORD; it is a solemn assembly; you shall not do any laborious work.
These are the appointed times of the LORD, which you shall proclaim as holy convocations, to present an offering by fire to the LORD—burnt offering and grain offering, sacrifice and drink offerings—each on its day.
Besides the LORD's Sabbaths, and besides your gifts, and besides all your vows, and besides all your freewill offerings that you give to the LORD.
However, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you gather in the produce of the land, you shall celebrate the festival of the LORD seven days; on the first day is a sabbath-rest, and on the eighth day is a sabbath-rest. And you shall take for yourselves on the first day the fruit of a beautiful tree, boughs of palm trees, branches of leafy trees, and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days. And you shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD seven days in the year; it is a statute forever throughout your generations; in the seventh month you shall celebrate it.
In booths you shall dwell seven days; all the native-born in Israel shall dwell in booths. So that your generations may know that in booths I made the Israelites dwell when I brought them out of the land of Egypt; I am the LORD your God. And Moses spoke the appointed times of the LORD to the Israelites.