Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot
2 Samuel 16:15-17:29
2 S.16.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואבשלום: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואחיתפל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 15:10-12 (structural): Earlier account of Absalom summoning Israel to Hebron and winning their allegiance—prelude and structural parallel to Absalom’s arrival in Jerusalem with the people.
- 2 Samuel 17:1-4 (verbal): Ahithophel, who accompanies Absalom in 16:15, gives concrete military counsel here—develops the role and influence of Ahithophel in the rebellion.
- 1 Kings 12:16-20 (thematic): Israel’s rejection of the Davidic house and the installation of an alternative king (Jeroboam) parallels the theme of nationwide revolt and rival kingship seen in Absalom’s uprising.
- Psalm 3:1-2 (allusion): A psalm explicitly tied to David’s flight from Absalom; reflects the personal and communal crisis occasioned when Absalom and many Israelites turn against David.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Absalom and all the people of Israel came to Jerusalem; and Ahithophel was with him.
- And Absalom and all the men of Israel came to Jerusalem, and Ahithophel with him.
2 S.16.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארכי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אבשלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- יחי: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יחי: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 15:32 (quotation): Earlier occurrence of Hushai the Archite greeting Absalom with the same cry 'Long live the king!'—a direct verbal parallel to 16:16.
- 2 Samuel 15:34-37 (structural): David sends Hushai back to Absalom as his appointed envoy/spy; these verses provide the mission and context that make Hushai's proclamation in 16:16 an act of feigned loyalty.
- 2 Samuel 16:20-23 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the same scene: Hushai argues with Absalom and Ahithophel, showing how his avowal of loyalty is followed by counter-counsel and intrigue.
- 2 Samuel 17:5-14 (thematic): Hushai's successful counter-advice to Absalom (which frustrates Ahithophel) fulfills the purpose of his false allegiance—a thematic parallel highlighting deception, counsel, and divine reversal.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when Hushai the Archite, David’s friend, came to Absalom, Hushai said to Absalom, "Long live the king! Long live the king!"
- And it came to pass, when Hushai the Archite, David's companion, came to Absalom, that Hushai said to Absalom, "Long live the king! Long live the king!"
2 S.16.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- חושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- חסדך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- את: PRT,acc
- רעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למה: ADV
- לא: PART_NEG
- הלכת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- רעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 15:32 (structural): The earlier encounter where Hushai comes to Absalom provides narrative background for Absalom’s rebuke in 16:17—Hushai is positioned between loyalty to David and apparent service to Absalom.
- Psalm 41:9 (thematic): Speaks of betrayal by a close companion (“Even my close friend... has turned against me”), paralleling the theme of expected loyalty and its breach implicit in Absalom’s question to Hushai.
- Psalm 55:12-14 (thematic): Laments treachery by an intimate friend who shared counsel and fellowship—paralleling Absalom’s charge about failure to accompany and support a friend in need.
- 1 Samuel 20:14-17 (thematic): Jonathan’s covenant of steadfast loyalty to David contrasts with Hushai’s ambiguous allegiance; it highlights the ideal of companion loyalty that Absalom’s question invokes.
- Proverbs 27:10 (thematic): Advises not to abandon a friend or a father’s friend in trouble, reflecting the moral expectation of staying with one’s friend that underlies Absalom’s reproach.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Absalom said to Hushai, "Is this your kindness to your friend? Why did you not go with your friend?"
- And Absalom said to Hushai, "Is this your kindness to your friend? Why did you not go with your friend?"
2 S.16.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אבשלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- כי: CONJ
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בחר: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- והעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- אהיה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- ואתו: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- אשב: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 15:32-37 (structural): Hushai's earlier meeting with David and his mission back into Jerusalem; the scene frames the same deceptive allegiance—he pledges service yet is sent to act against David, structurally mirroring 16:18.
- 2 Samuel 17:14 (thematic): Hushai's later counsel to Absalom reveals the purpose of his professed loyalty (to frustrate Ahithophel and save David), showing that his claim in 16:18 was tactical rather than sincere.
- 1 Samuel 20:16-17 (thematic): Jonathan and David's oath and mutual pledge of fidelity use covenantal language of sworn loyalty (‘as the LORD lives’), providing a parallel for the oath-form and commitment rhetoric present in 2 Sam 16:18.
- Psalm 41:9 (allusion): The motif of a close associate turning against (or appearing to turn against) a friend — 'my familiar friend... has lifted up his heel against me' — thematically connects to the tension of loyalty and betrayal surrounding Hushai's declaration.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Hushai said to Absalom, "No; for as the LORD and this people and all the men of Israel have chosen my lord, for him shall I be, and with him I will remain.
- And Hushai said to Absalom, "No; for as the LORD has chosen him, and this people and all the men of Israel are his, I will be his and with him I will remain.
2 S.16.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והשנית: ADV
- למי: PREP,interr
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- אעבד: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- הלוא: PART
- לפני: PREP
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- כאשר: CONJ
- עבדתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
- כן: ADV
- אהיה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- לפניך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 9:7 (thematic): David promises kindness to Mephibosheth for Jonathan his father’s sake — serving/benefiting a son because of loyalty to the father, paralleling Ziba’s claim to serve the son as he served the father.
- 1 Samuel 20:14-17 (thematic): Jonathan and David’s covenant that each will show steadfast kindness to the other’s household — an example of intergenerational loyalty that undergirds the idea of serving a son for the father’s sake.
- 2 Samuel 15:19-22 (esp. v.21) (verbal): Ittai’s explicit pledge to accompany and serve David wherever he goes (“whithersoever my lord the king shall be, even there will thy servant be”) echoes the language of committed service despite political change.
- Ruth 1:16-17 (thematic): Ruth’s vow to accompany and remain loyal to Naomi (‘whither thou goest I will go…’) reflects the same personal commitment to serve and stay with a leader/person across changing circumstances.
Alternative generated candidates
- And besides, whom should I serve? Should I not serve before his son, as I served before your father? So will I be before you."
- And besides, whom should I now serve? Shall I not be a servant before his son, as I was before your father? So will I be before you."
2 S.16.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הבו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- עצה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מה: PRON,int
- נעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
Parallels
- 2 Sam.17:1 (structural): Direct narrative continuation: after Absalom asks for counsel (16:20), Ahithophel immediately gives a concrete military plan in 17:1–4; this passage completes the action initiated in 16:20.
- 2 Sam.17:14 (verbal): Explicit evaluation of Ahithophel’s advice: the text says his counsel was 'as if one consulted the word of God,' explaining why Absalom turns to him in 16:20 and how highly his advice was esteemed.
- 1 Kings 12:6–8 (thematic): Rehoboam consults elders and then young men, receiving two competing pieces of counsel; parallels the motif of a ruler seeking advisers and the political consequences of choosing one counsel over another.
- Prov.15:22 (thematic): General wisdom principle—'Without counsel plans fail, but with many advisers they succeed'—provides a thematic rationale for royal consultation scenes like Absalom’s request to Ahithophel.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Absalom said to Ahithophel, "Give counsel; what shall we do?"
- And Absalom said to Ahithophel, "Give counsel among you; what shall we do?"
2 S.16.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אבשלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בוא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- פלגשי: NOUN,f,pl,construct
- אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הניח: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- לשמור: VERB,qal,inf
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ושמע: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- נבאשת: VERB,niphal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
- וחזקו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,pl
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- כל: DET
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 16:22 (structural): Immediate narrative follow-up: Absalom ultimately rejects Ahithophel’s counsel and does not at that time go in to his father’s concubines, showing the outcome of the proposal in this episode.
- 2 Samuel 3:7 (verbal): Abner 'lay with Saul’s concubines in the sight of Israel' as a public act asserting control of the king’s house—language and motive closely parallel Ahithophel’s counsel to Absalom to occupy David’s concubines as a claim to the throne.
- 2 Samuel 12:11–12 (allusion): Nathan’s prophecy that David’s house will be shamed and his wives given to others anticipates the very humiliation Ahithophel urges Absalom to effect; the verse echoes this theme of public disgrace as divine judgment.
- 1 Kings 2:13–25 (thematic): Adonijah’s request for Abishag (and Solomon’s reaction) treats taking the late king’s concubine as a political move to claim kingship—parallels the symbolic and political function of seizing David’s concubines in 2 Samuel 16:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Ahithophel said to Absalom, "Go in to the concubines of your father, whom he has left to keep the house; and all Israel will hear that you have made yourself vile in your father's place, and the hands of all who are with you will be strengthened."
- And Ahithophel said to Absalom, "Go in unto the concubines of your father, whom he has left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that you have made yourself odious to your father, and the hands of all who are with you will be strengthened."
2 S.16.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לאבשלום: PREP+PROPN,m,sg
- האהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- הגג: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- פלגשי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- לעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam.12:11-12 (allusion): Nathan’s oracle predicts that someone will lie with David’s wives “in the sight of this sun” — Absalom’s public intercourse fulfills that prophecy.
- 2 Sam.16:21-22 (structural): Immediate narrative context: Ahithophel’s counsel and Absalom’s action are presented together; v.22 completes the episode begun in v.21.
- 2 Sam.13:14 (thematic): Amnon’s rape of Tamar shows sexual violence within David’s household and the family breakdown that precipitates Absalom’s revolt and vindictive actions.
- 1 Kgs.2:13-25 (thematic): Adonijah’s request for Abishag (and Solomon’s execution of him) parallels the political meaning of taking a king’s concubine as a claim to the throne and the lethal consequences of such a move.
Alternative generated candidates
- So they spread for Absalom a tent on the top of the house, and Absalom went in to his father's concubines before all Israel.
- So they pitched for Absalom a tent upon the top of the house; and Absalom went in unto his father's concubines in the sight of all Israel.
2 S.16.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועצת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יעץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ההם: PRON,dem,m,pl
- כאשר: CONJ
- ישאל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כן: ADV
- כל: DET
- עצת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- גם: ADV
- לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- גם: ADV
- לאבשלם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam 17:14 (structural): Direct narrative follow-up: explains that the LORD ordained to frustrate Ahithophel’s ‘good’ counsel so that Absalom would be overthrown—ties the high esteem of Ahithophel’s advice to God’s sovereign reversal.
- 1 Sam 23:2 (verbal): Parallel in the language and practice of seeking divine guidance: David ‘inquired of the LORD’ for counsel, contrasting human counsellors (like Ahithophel) with seeking God’s word.
- Isaiah 30:1-2 (thematic): Condemns reliance on human counsel and foreign alliances rather than on the LORD’s guidance—thematises the danger of trusting human advice instead of divine instruction.
- Psalm 33:10 (thematic): Affirms the theme that God thwarts the plans and counsels of nations/people, corresponding to the idea that human counsel (even ‘good’ counsel) can be overruled by Yahweh’s purposes.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counselled in those days, was like one who inquires at the oracle of God; so was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom.
- And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counselled in those days, was as if one had inquired at the oracle of God; such was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom.
2 S.17.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אבשלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אבחרה: VERB,qal,cohort,1,?,sg
- נא: PART
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואקומה: VERB,qal,cohort,1,?,sg
- וארדפה: VERB,qal,cohort,1,?,sg
- אחרי: PREP
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הלילה: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 16:23 (verbal): Explicitly states that Hushai's counsel was appointed by the LORD to frustrate Ahithophel's advice—direct verbal connection to Ahithophel's proposed night pursuit.
- 2 Samuel 17:14 (structural): Hushai's counter-counsel to Absalom (advocating delay and larger force) directly opposes Ahithophel's recommendation in 17:1 and determines the immediate outcome.
- 2 Samuel 17:23 (structural): Records the tragic aftermath of Ahithophel's thwarted counsel (his suicide), linking back to the failed night attack he proposed in 17:1.
- 2 Samuel 15:31 (structural): Describes Hushai being sent to Absalom to serve as a counter-advisor—sets the narrative context for the contest between Ahithophel's and Hushai's recommendations.
- Proverbs 15:22 (thematic): Offers a wisdom-themes parallel about the importance and consequences of counsel: 'Plans fail for lack of counsel, but with many advisers they succeed,' resonating with the competing counsels in 17:1–17.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Ahithophel said to Absalom, "I will choose twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David tonight.
- Then said Ahithophel unto Absalom, "Let me choose out twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this night.
2 S.17.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואבוא: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- יגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ורפה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ידים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- והחרדתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,?,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- ונס: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- והכיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לבדו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 17:1 (structural): Ahithophel’s immediate counsel to pursue David quickly (v.1) forms the structural foil to Hushai’s alternative plan in v.2; the two counsels set up the strategic contest in the narrative.
- 2 Samuel 18:14-15 (thematic): Joab’s discovery and killing of Absalom (David’s rival) realizes the theme of striking the leader alone and the personal, decisive blow envisioned in v.2, though the actual outcome differs from Hushai’s predicted rout.
- Judges 7:16-22 (thematic): Gideon’s surprise attack that causes the Midianite army to panic and flee parallels Hushai’s proposal to strike when the enemy is weary so that the troops will be frightened and routed.
- 1 Samuel 17:48-50 (thematic): David’s single, decisive strike against Goliath reflects the motif of defeating an enemy leader in single combat or a focused blow leading to collapse of the opposing force, echoing the plan to ‘strike the king alone.’
- Psalm 18:40-42 (thematic): The imagery of giving the necks of enemies and striking them so they cannot rise again parallels the language and intent in v.2 of terrifying and routing the enemy and delivering a fatal blow to the leader.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak, and I will strike him; and the people who are with him shall flee, and I will smite the king alone.
- And I will come upon him while he is weary and fainthearted; and I will terrify him, and all the people who are with him shall flee; and I will strike the king alone.
2 S.17.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשיבה: VERB,hiphil,impf,1,sg
- כל: DET
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- כשוב: CONJ
- הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
- האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- מבקש: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- כל: DET
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 15:13 (thematic): Describes the people going over to Absalom and gaining popular support—the situation Hushai promises to reverse by 'bringing the people back.'
- 2 Samuel 17:1-2 (structural): Immediate context: Ahithophel’s rival counsel to Absalom. Hushai’s reply in v.3 directly counters Ahithophel’s plan, showing competing strategies to win or retain the people.
- 2 Samuel 17:14 (allusion): Reports the providential outcome—God frustrates Ahithophel’s counsel and the people return to David—fulfilling the effect Hushai predicts in v.3.
- 1 Kings 12:6-11 (thematic): Rehoboam’s choice between wise elders’ counsel and harsh advice parallels how rulers’ counsel affects popular loyalty and national peace.
- Proverbs 11:14 (thematic): Affirms the principle that wise counsel secures a people; relates to Hushai’s emphasis on counsel that will restore unity and peace among the people.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I will bring back all the people to you; like one who gathers all the men whom you seek, so shall the whole people be at peace."
- And I will bring back all the people unto you; every man whom you seek shall be restored to his place—so shall all the people be at peace."
2 S.17.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויישר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אבשלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ובעיני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- כל: DET
- זקני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 8:4-5 (thematic): All the elders of Israel gather and request a change in leadership (a king). Parallels the prominent role of the elders in approving or initiating political decisions.
- 1 Kings 12:6-8 (structural): Rehoboam consults competing sets of advisers (the old men vs. the young men) and chooses which counsel to follow. Structurally similar to the episode in 2 Samuel where rival counsel (Ahithophel vs. Hushai) competes for the approval of the king and the leaders.
- Exodus 18:19-24 (thematic): Jethro’s advice is accepted by Moses and implemented—an instance where wise counsel satisfies the leader and leads to institutional change. Thematically parallels the acceptance of counsel by leaders and its concrete consequences.
- 2 Samuel 15:12-14 (thematic): Earlier in the same narrative Absalom ‘stole the hearts of the men of Israel’ and the conspiracy gains followers. Direct narrative parallel showing how Absalom secured the support of Israel’s leaders and people, which culminates in 17:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the thing pleased Absalom and all the elders of Israel.
- And the thing pleased Absalom, and all the elders of Israel.
2 S.17.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קרא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נא: PART
- גם: ADV
- לחושי: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- הארכי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונשמעה: VERB,niphal,juss,3,f,sg
- מה: PRON,int
- בפיו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m
- גם: ADV
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 12:6-8 (thematic): Rehoboam consults different groups of advisers (elders then young men) and must decide between rival counsel—parallel to Absalom’s seeking additional advice (calling Hushai) to weigh competing opinions.
- 2 Samuel 17:14 (structural): Immediate narrative follow-up: Hushai actually speaks to Absalom and offers opposing counsel, showing why Absalom wanted to 'hear also what he says.'
- 2 Samuel 16:23 (thematic): Statement that Ahitophel’s counsel was like inquiring of God explains the high stakes of hearing alternative advice (Hushai) and the rivalry of counselors in the same episode.
- Proverbs 15:22 (thematic): Proverb about success through multiple counselors echoes the principle behind Absalom’s desire to hear another advisor’s opinion before deciding.
- Exodus 18:21-24 (thematic): Jethro’s advice to Moses to appoint capable leaders and share counsel reflects the broader biblical concern with seeking and structuring counsel, analogous to Absalom assembling advisers.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Absalom said, "Call also Hushai the Archite, and let us hear likewise what he says."
- And Absalom said, "Call also for Hushai the Archite, and let us hear also what he says."
2 S.17.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- חושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- כדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנעשה: VERB,niphal,ptcp,NA,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms
- אם: CONJ
- אין: PART,neg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 17:1-4 (verbal): Ahithophel's concrete counsel to pursue David immediately and strike him down—this is the specific advice Absalom is asking about in 17:6.
- 2 Samuel 17:14 (thematic): Narrator's comment that the LORD frustrated Ahithophel's good counsel; provides the theological outcome to Absalom's decision whether to follow Ahithophel.
- 2 Samuel 15:32-37 (structural): Earlier episode in which Hushai is brought before Absalom and then sent back as a plant to counter Ahithophel's advice—background for Hushai's role in 17:6.
- 1 Kings 12:6-15 (thematic): Parallel case of a ruler choosing between competing counselors (older/wise vs younger/advisors) with major political consequences—illustrates the narrative motif of deciding whose counsel to follow.
- Proverbs 11:14 (thematic): Wisdom principle about the value of counsel ('where no guidance the people fall; but in the multitude of counsellors there is safety')—frames the underlying concern in Absalom's question about advice.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Hushai came to Absalom, and Absalom said to him, "Is this the counsel that Ahithophel gave? Shall we do according to his counsel, or not?"
- So Hushai came to Absalom; and Absalom said unto him, "Ahithophel has spoken like this—shall we have this counsel? Tell us also what you think."
2 S.17.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- טובה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- העצה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יעץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בפעם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 17:1-4 (verbal): Ahithophel’s counsel there — to pursue and strike David immediately — is the specific advice Hushai calls “not good” in v.7; direct narrative counterpart.
- 2 Samuel 16:20-23 (thematic): Earlier episode where Ahithophel gives bold, decisive counsel to Absalom (about David’s concubines), showing Ahithophel’s role as the king’s trusted adviser whose plans Absalom must weigh.
- 2 Samuel 17:14 (allusion): Later remark that the LORD planned to frustrate Ahithophel’s ‘good’ counsel explains why Hushai’s opposing advice succeeds — theological explanation of the contest of counsels.
- Proverbs 11:14 (thematic): General wisdom motif about the importance and consequences of counsel — many/wise counselors bring safety, while bad counsel leads to ruin, echoing the stakes in Absalom’s choice.
- 1 Kings 12:6-11 (thematic): Rehoboam’s rejection of older counselors in favor of youths’ advice and the ensuing disaster parallels the decisive impact leaders’ choice of counsel has on national fate, as in Absalom’s court.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Hushai said to Absalom, "The counsel that Ahithophel has given this time is not good."
- And Hushai said unto Absalom, "The counsel that Ahithophel has given is not good at this time."
2 S.17.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ידעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
- ואת: CONJ
- אנשיו: NOUN,m,pl,poss:3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- גברים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- ומרי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- כדב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שכול: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl
- בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואביך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- ילין: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 17:10 (structural): Immediate continuation of Hushai's speech — repeats and develops the claim that David is a man of war and will not remain with the people (same line of argument within the same episode).
- 2 Samuel 23:8 (verbal): Explicit reference to David's 'mighty men' (gibborim); parallels Hushai's description of 'your father and his men' as valiant warriors.
- 1 Chronicles 11:10–47 (thematic): Lists and celebrates David's mighty men — supports the portrayal of David surrounded by courageous, battle‑tested fighters that Hushai invokes.
- 1 Samuel 17:34–36 (allusion): David's account of killing a lion and a bear to defend his flock echoes the fierce, protective imagery of an enraged bear (connects the warrior/animal imagery in Hushai's simile).
- Psalm 144:1 (thematic): Davidic psalm that depicts the king as trained and equipped for war ('who trains my hands for war'), reinforcing Hushai's portrait of David as a seasoned warrior.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hushai continued, "You know your father and his men; they are mighty men and men of wrath, like a bear robbed of her cubs in the field. Your father is a man of war, and he will not stay with the people.
- For Hushai said, "You know your father and his men—they are mighty men, and full of courage, like a bear robbed of her cubs in the field; your father is a man of war, and he will not tarry with the people.
2 S.17.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- עתה: ADV
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- נחבא: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- באחת: PREP
- הפחתים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- או: CONJ
- באחד: PREP
- המקומת: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- כנפל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- בתחלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושמע: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- השמע: VERB,qal,ptcp,ms,sg
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- היתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- מגפה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בעם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אחרי: PREP
- אבשלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 17:10 (structural): Immediate continuation of Hushai’s counsel in the same speech: instructs Absalom to send the people back so they will be dispersed—directly parallels the strategy implied in v.9 to leave David exposed.
- 2 Samuel 18:9–15 (thematic): Records the outcome anticipated by Hushai’s counsel: Absalom becomes trapped (falls/caught) and is killed when David’s men engage—fulfillment of the prediction that one hidden would fall and be cut off.
- Genesis 37:24 (allusion): Joseph is thrown into a pit by his brothers—shares the motif of a person ‘hidden’ or confined in a pit as a prelude to violence or judgment, echoing the pit/hidden imagery of v.9.
- 1 Samuel 24:3–4 (thematic): Saul and his men search for David while David is hiding in a cave—similar situation of a fugitive concealed in a pit/cave and the danger of capture or surprise attack, paralleling the concealment language of 2 Sam 17:9.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now he is hid in some pit, or in some other place; and when the first blow falls upon them, he will fall at the first, and the hearing will go out, 'There is a panic among the followers of Absalom.'"
- Behold, now he is hidden in some pit, or in some place; and when he falls upon them at the first, the report will be, 'There has been a slaughter among the followers of Absalom.'
2 S.17.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- גם: ADV
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- כלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האריה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המס: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ימס: VERB,qal,impf,3,sg
- כי: CONJ
- ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- גבור: ADJ,m,sg
- אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:8 (structural): Begins the catalogue of David’s 'mighty men' (אִישׁ־חַיִל), paralleling the designation and emphasis on the valour of David and his followers.
- 1 Chronicles 11:10–47 (verbal): Lists David’s mighty men and uses the same language of valour (אִישׁ־חַיִל), reinforcing the portrait of David as a leader surrounded by courageous warriors.
- 1 Samuel 17:34–37 (thematic): David’s account of killing a lion and a bear links lion-imagery and personal courage to reputation as a mighty man—echoing the 'heart of a lion' trope in 2 Sam 17:10.
- Proverbs 28:1 (thematic): Uses lion-imagery to express boldness ('the righteous are bold as a lion'), thematically resonant with the verse’s simile of a 'heart like the heart of a lion' to denote courage.
Alternative generated candidates
- "Moreover he is a man of valour whose heart is like the heart of a lion; at the first encounter his courage will melt them, for all Israel know that your father is a mighty man, and the valiant men are with him."
- And he is also a man of might, whose heart is like the heart of a lion; but when he is dismayed, all Israel, hearing it, will melt away, for they will know that your father is a mighty man, and the men with him are valiant.
2 S.17.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- יעצתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- האסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יאסף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- באר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- כחול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- לרב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ופניך: CONJ+NOUN,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- הלכים: VERB,qal,ptc,.,m,pl
- בקרב: PREP
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 3:20 (verbal): Uses the formula 'from Dan even to Beersheba' to denote the whole of Israel—same geographic idiom Hushai invokes to propose gathering all Israel.
- Genesis 22:17 (allusion): God's promise to Abraham that his offspring will be 'as the sand of the sea'—the same simile of great multitude echoed in Hushai's counsel.
- Genesis 32:12 (allusion): Jacob's appeal recalling the promise that his descendants will be 'as the sand of the sea,' a parallel use of sand/sea imagery to indicate numerousness.
- 1 Chronicles 12:38 (verbal): Reports men coming to David 'from Dan to Beersheba' to make him king—a narrative instance of gathering 'all Israel' using the same geographic phrase Hushai recommends.
Alternative generated candidates
- "Therefore my counsel is to gather unto you all Israel, from Dan to Beersheba, like the sand by the sea for multitude; and then you shall go forth in the midst of them.
- My counsel is this: let me gather all Israel—from Dan even to Beersheba—as the sand that is by the sea for multitude; and you shall go in person among them.
2 S.17.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובאנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,,pl
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- באחד: PREP
- המקומת: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נמצא: VERB,nip,perf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- ונחנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,,pl
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- יפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הטל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ולא: CONJ
- נותר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ובכל: CONJ+PREP
- האנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- גם: ADV
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Sam 17:8 (verbal): Immediate parallel within Ahithophel’s speech urging pursuit now because David and his men are weary and will be like the dew that falls on the ground — essentially the same argument and imagery.
- 1 Sam 26:7 (thematic): David finds Saul and his men sleeping in the open because they are weary; like 2 Sam 17:12 this depicts a weary, encamped king and the opportunity to strike while the enemy is vulnerable.
- Judg 7:22 (thematic): Gideon’s night attack causes the enemy to panic and turn on one another, paralleling the idea that a demoralized, disordered host can be routed quickly when surprised.
- 2 Sam 15:31 (structural): Earlier narrative hinge where David prays to frustrate Ahithophel’s counsel; connects structurally and thematically to Ahithophel’s role as a counselor whose advice in ch.17 would be decisive if followed.
Alternative generated candidates
- We will come upon him at some place where he is found, and we will lie in wait for him as the dew falls on the ground, and he and all the men who are with him shall not remain one."
- And it shall be, when we come upon him in some place where he can be found, that we will lie in wait for him as the dew falls on the earth; not one of them shall be left, nor any of the men that are with him.
2 S.17.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- אל: NEG
- עיר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יאסף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- והשיאו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ההיא: DEM,f,sg
- חבלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וסחבנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- עד: PREP
- הנחל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- נמצא: VERB,nip,perf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- גם: ADV
- צרור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 17:1-14 (structural): Ahithophel’s rival counsel in the same episode: he urges immediate pursuit of David, the direct contrast to the plan to gather and besiege—this passage sets up the deliberative/strategic alternatives that v.13 expresses.
- 2 Samuel 15:10-12 (structural): Describes Absalom’s earlier mobilization of Israel to Hebron and the assembling of supporters—parallels the theme of summoning and concentrating Israel at a city for political/military ends.
- 2 Samuel 18:14-15 (thematic): Accounts of Absalom’s capture and death in the subsequent battle (entangled/caught and then dealt with by Joab) echo the imagery of seizing, binding or overwhelming an opponent once he is cornered.
- Judges 20:1-11 (thematic): The assembly of all Israel to prosecute judgment on Gibeah and the subsequent surrounding/battle mirrors the motif of gathering the tribes for a collective military/civil response centered on a city or place.
- Psalm 7:15-16 (verbal): Uses imagery of pits/nets and entrapment for enemies (‘he dug a pit…and fell into the ditch’) that parallels the violent-capture language (ropes/dragging/bringing to a brook) in 2 Samuel 17:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- "And if he be gotten into a city, then shall all Israel bring ropes, and we will draw the city into the river, until there be not one small thing left."
- And if he be brought into a city, then shall all Israel bring ropes, and we will pull the city to the river, and there shall not be left even one there.
2 S.17.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טובה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- עצת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- חושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארכי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מעצת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,construct
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להפר: PREP+VERB,hiphil,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- עצת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הטובה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- לבעבור: PREP
- הביא: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.50.20 (thematic): Joseph’s words to his brothers: human intent to do evil is overruled by God so that what was meant for harm is used to accomplish God’s purposes—parallel to God frustrating Ahithophel’s counsel to bring about judgment on Absalom.
- Rom.8.28 (thematic): Paul’s statement that God works all things for good for those who love him echoes the theme of divine sovereignty in overruling human plans expressed in 2 Sam 17:14.
- Ps.41.9 (allusion): The psalmist’s lament about betrayal by a close companion is traditionally read in light of Ahithophel’s treachery against David; the verse resonates with the narrative context in which Ahithophel’s counsel plays for Absalom.
- Prov.19.21 (verbal): “Many are the plans in a person’s heart, but the counsel of the LORD stands” parallels the contrast between human counsel (Ahithophel’s) and the ultimate establishment or frustration of plans by the LORD in 2 Samuel 17:14.
- Acts.2.23 (thematic): Peter’s claim that Jesus was handed over “by God’s deliberate plan and foreknowledge” illustrates the biblical motif that God can ordain or permit human schemes and yet accomplish his purposes—similar to God’s ordaining the frustration of Ahithophel’s good counsel.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Absalom and all the men of Israel said, "The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel." For the LORD had appointed to frustrate the good counsel of Ahithophel, to bring calamity upon Absalom.
- And the counsel pleased Absalom and all the men of Israel. The counsel of Hushai the Archite seemed better than the counsel of Ahithophel. For the LORD had ordained to frustrate the good counsel of Ahithophel, in order that the LORD might bring calamity upon Absalom.
2 S.17.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- צדוק: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- אביתר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כזאת: DEM,f,sg
- וכזאת: CONJ+DEM,f,sg
- יעץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- אבשלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- זקני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכזאת: CONJ+DEM,f,sg
- וכזאת: CONJ+DEM,f,sg
- יעצתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- אני: PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- 2 Sam 17:1-4 (quotation): Describes Ahithophel's original counsel to Absalom (what Hushai is here opposing); the immediate contrast to Hushai's advice in v.15.
- 2 Sam 17:14 (verbal): Summarizes the outcome: Hushai's counsel was counted better than Ahithophel's and was followed by Absalom—directly connected to the contrast asserted in v.15.
- 2 Sam 16:16-19 (structural): Narrates Hushai's arrival and placement in Absalom's court to counter Ahithophel—provides the background for Hushai's competing advice mentioned in v.15.
- 2 Sam 17:23 (thematic): Records Ahithophel's suicide after his counsel is not followed—shows the consequences of the rivalry in counsel that v.15 highlights.
- 1 Kgs 12:6-15 (thematic): Rehoboam's choice between elder advisors and younger counselors parallels the motif of competing counsel and its far-reaching political consequences (a leader deciding between sets of advisers).
Alternative generated candidates
- And Hushai said to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, "Thus and thus did Ahithophel counsel Absalom and the elders of Israel; and thus and thus have I advised.
- Then Hushai said to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, "Thus and thus did Ahithophel counsel Absalom and the elders of Israel; and thus and thus have I counseled.
2 S.17.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועתה: CONJ
- שלחו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- מהרה: ADV
- והגידו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- אל: NEG
- תלן: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,sg
- הלילה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בערבות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- המדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- וגם: CONJ
- עבור: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- תעבור: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- פן: CONJ
- יבלע: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולכל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
Parallels
- 2Sam.17.14 (structural): Hushai's counsel to Absalom to send word to David so he will delay and cross the Jordan—the immediate advice that produces the warning in 17:16.
- 2Sam.17.21 (verbal): The messengers (the sons of the priests) actually deliver the warning to David and he flees across the Jordan—a direct continuation and fulfillment of the warning in 17:16.
- 1Sam.19.1-7 (thematic): Jonathan learns that Saul intends to kill David and urgently warns and helps him escape—parallel motif of a loyal associate sending an urgent warning to save the leader's life.
- 2Sam.15.13-14 (thematic): When Absalom's conspiracy becomes known, David and his household are compelled to flee Jerusalem—another episode of royal flight in the face of rebellion, thematically parallel to 17:16.
- Ps.3:1-8 (thematic): A psalm composed 'when David fled from Absalom' that expresses the peril, urgency, and reliance on God during flight—literary reflection of the circumstances behind 2 Samuel 17:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now therefore send quickly and tell David, saying, 'Do not stay this night in the plains of the wilderness, but pass over quickly, lest the king and all the people who are with him be swallowed up.'"
- Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying, 'Do not lodge tonight in the plains of the wilderness; by all means pass over quickly, lest the king and all the people who are with him be swallowed up.'"
2 S.17.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהונתן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחימעץ: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמדים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- בעין: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רגל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והלכה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- השפחה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והגידה: VERB,hiph,perf,3,f,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- והם: CONJ+PRON,3,m,pl
- ילכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- והגידו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- יוכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- להראות: VERB,qal,inf
- לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
- העירה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Sam.15.27 (verbal): Same characters and location (Jonathan and Ahimaaz at En‑Rogel); repeated wording and the motif of the messengers remaining outside Jerusalem for safety.
- 2 Sam.17.20 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same episode: a woman (the maid) is used to inform the waiting messengers and to delay Absalom’s men—explains how the news reached them.
- 2 Sam.17.21 (structural): Direct narrative continuation: Ahimaaz runs to bring David the report. Mirrors the purpose of their waiting at En‑Rogel and shows the outcome of the secret communication.
- 2 Sam.18.19-33 (thematic): Later scene of couriers bringing urgent news to David about Absalom’s fate; thematically parallels the role, risks, and urgency of messengers conveying sensitive information to the king.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jonathan and Ahimaaz stood by En-rogel; and a certain woman saw them and told it; and they went and told King David, for they could not otherwise enter the city to deliver the news.
- Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz were standing by En-Rogel; and a woman went and told them; and they ran and went and told King David; for they could not be seen to enter into the city.
2 S.17.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- נער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויגד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לאבשלם: INF+VERB,qal,inf,3,m,pl
- וילכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- שניהם: PRON,3,m,pl
- מהרה: ADV
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבחורים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- באר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בחצרו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- וירדו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 18:19–27 (verbal): Same pair of couriers (the swift young man/Ahimaaz and the Cushite) running to bring David urgent news; repeats the motif of a ‘lad’ as messenger and rapid flight to report events.
- 2 Samuel 16:5–14 (structural): Events also occur at/near Bahurim during David’s flight from Absalom; the chapter shares the setting and the broader narrative context of David’s retreat and encounters along the way.
- Jeremiah 38:6 (thematic): Involves a cistern/well (a pit) as a locus of concealment or peril; parallels the descent into a courtyard well as a means of hiding or taking refuge.
- 1 Samuel 22:1–2 (thematic): Another episode of David fleeing and seeking refuge with loyal followers; parallels the broader theme of escape, concealment, and movement to safe houses during times of crisis.
Alternative generated candidates
- A lad saw them and told Absalom; and they both ran and came to the house of a man in Bahurim; and the man's house had a well in the court, and they went down there.
- But a lad saw them and told Absalom; and they both went quickly, and came to the house of a certain man in Bahurim. There was a well in the court, and they went down into it.
2 S.17.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- האשה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ותפרש: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המסך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הבאר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ותשטח: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הרפות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ולא: CONJ
- נודע: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Sam 19:11-12 (verbal): Michal lets David down through a window to hide him from Saul—directly parallels the secretive lowering/escape motif and the act of helping David evade pursuers.
- Joshua 2:6,15-16 (verbal): Rahab hides Israelite spies and lets them down by a cord through a window—closely parallels concealment, covering of an opening, and lowering by rope/cord.
- Jeremiah 38:6-13 (thematic): Jeremiah is cast into a cistern and later rescued by being hauled up with ropes—shares the themes of a well/cistern as a place of concealment/peril and rescue by rope.
- Gen 37:22-28 (thematic): Joseph is thrown into a pit (cistern) by his brothers—parallel use of a pit/cistern as a site of concealment and the motif of human lives hidden or endangered in a well.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the woman took and spread a covering over the mouth of the well, and laid out spread grain upon it; and nothing was known.
- And the woman took and spread a covering over the mouth of the well, and spread meal upon it, and they did not know anything.
2 S.17.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- האשה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הביתה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- איה: ADV,interr
- אחימעץ: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויהונתן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- האשה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- עברו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- מיכל: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויבקשו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- מצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam.17.17 (structural): Immediate context: the same episode—Ahimaaz and Jonathan run to David, come to En‑rogel and cross the water; v.20 reports Absalom’s servants’ fruitless search and return to Jerusalem.
- Joshua 2:4–7 (allusion): Rahab similarly hides royal pursuers and misleads them by saying the spies have already left—parallel motif of a woman protecting fugitives and deceiving searchers.
- 1 Sam.19:11–17 (thematic): Michal’s concealment of David and her deception of Saul’s messengers (claiming he was ill) parallels the motif of a woman sheltering a fugitive and thwarting pursuers.
- 2 Sam.18:19–33 (verbal): Later episode with the same messenger Ahimaaz (and other runners) racing to bring news to David; similar concerns with messengers, pursuit, and reports about Absalom’s fate.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Absalom's servants came to the woman's house, they said, 'Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?' And the woman answered them, 'They have passed over the water.' When they searched, they found nothing, and so returned to Jerusalem.
- And Absalom's servants came to the woman's house and said, "Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?" And the woman said unto them, "They have gone over the water-course." And they searched and could not find them, and returned to Jerusalem.
2 S.17.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אחרי: PREP
- לכתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3mp
- ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מהבאר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- וילכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- ויגדו: VERB,piel,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- אל: NEG
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קומו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- ועברו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- מהרה: ADV
- את: PRT,acc
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כי: CONJ
- ככה: ADV
- יעץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליכם: PREP+PRON,2mp
- אחיתפל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 17:1-4 (verbal): Same counsel from Ahithophel urging immediate pursuit of David — a rapid crossing/pursuit to overtake David while he is weary (the content reported to Absalom in 17:21).
- 2 Samuel 16:23 (thematic): States the authority and weight of Ahithophel’s advice — his counsel was regarded as if one consulted the word of God, explaining why his recommendation in 17:21 was treated as decisive.
- 2 Samuel 17:23 (structural): Narrative contrast/resolution: although Ahithophel counseled quick pursuit (reported in 17:21), the text goes on to show Hushai’s counsel prevailed and God thwarted Ahithophel’s plan.
- 2 Samuel 15:31-37 (thematic): Earlier episode where Hushai inserts himself among Absalom’s advisers to counter Ahithophel’s counsel — provides the background for the competing counsels reported in 17:21 and their political significance.
Alternative generated candidates
- After they had gone, they went up out of the well and came to David and told him; and they said to David, 'Arise and pass quickly over the water; for thus has Ahithophel counselled against you.'"
- After they had gone, they went up out of the well and came and told King David; and they said unto David, "Arise and pass quickly over the water, for thus has Ahithophel counselled against you."
2 S.17.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- ויעברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- נעדר: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Joshua 3:14-17 (thematic): Mass crossing of the Jordan by the whole people; both passages emphasize the communal crossing of the river as a decisive movement of the nation/people.
- Exodus 14:22 (thematic): Like David's flight across the Jordan, Israel's crossing of the sea is a large-scale, urgent passage to safety—an escape of a people crossing a boundary together.
- 2 Samuel 15:23 (structural): Earlier stage of David's flight (leaving Jerusalem with 'all the people that were with him'); parallels in language and motif of the king and his retinue on the move during rebellion.
- 2 Samuel 19:15-16 (structural): Mirror scene when David returns and is brought over the Jordan; provides a structural counterpoint to the earlier crossing in 17:22 (flight vs. restoration).
Alternative generated candidates
- So David arose, and all the people who were with him, and they crossed the Jordan at the break of dawn; not one was left who did not pass over the Jordan.
- So David arose and all the people who were with him, and they crossed over the Jordan at the break of day; and not one was left that did not cross over the Jordan.
2 S.17.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואחיתפל: CONJ+PROPN,m,sg,abs
- ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- נעשתה: VERB,nip,perf,3,f,sg
- עצתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויחבש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- החמור: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- עירו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- ויצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויחנק: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ויקבר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בקבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 27:3-5 (verbal): Judas returns the silver and then hangs himself—explicitly parallels Ahithophel’s act of hanging after his counsel/treachery fails.
- Acts 1:18 (thematic): Description of Judas’s violent death following his betrayal; thematically parallels the motif of fatal consequences after covenant‑breaking or failed betrayal.
- Psalm 41:9 (thematic): Speaks of betrayal by a close friend; thematically parallels Ahithophel’s role as a trusted counselor who turns against David.
- 2 Samuel 16:23 (structural): States that Ahithophel’s counsel was like inquiring of God—this explains why the rejection of his advice (v.17:23) is significant and precipitates his suicide.
- 2 Samuel 17:1-14 (structural): The immediate narrative showing Hushai’s counter‑counsel that overruled Ahithophel; provides the direct narrative cause for Ahithophel’s despair and subsequent death in v.17:23.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his donkey and arose and went to his house, and put his household in order, and hanged himself; and he died and was buried in his father's tomb.
- And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his donkey and arose and went home to his city, and put his house in order, and hanged himself; and he died and was buried in his father's tomb.
2 S.17.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ודוד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מחנימה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואבשלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 32:2 (allusion): Mahanaim first appears in Genesis when Jacob names the place 'Mahanaim'—both passages locate a refuge/site east of the Jordan and invite comparison of the site's function as a place of encampment or asylum.
- 2 Samuel 15:23 (structural): Earlier in the same narrative David's flight from Jerusalem (via the Kidron and Mount of Olives) sets up the movement that culminates in his coming to Mahanaim—this verse is part of the larger trajectory of David's escape.
- Joshua 3:14-17 (thematic): The motif of 'crossing the Jordan' as a decisive, communal movement appears here as in Joshua (the Israelites crossing into Canaan); the verbal/thematic image of a people passing the Jordan links moments of major transition.
- 2 Samuel 18:6-8 (thematic): After Absalom crosses the Jordan he confronts David's forces and battle ensues (Forest of Ephraim); these verses show the immediate military and political consequences of Absalom's crossing mentioned in 17:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- And David came to Mahanaim; and Absalom crossed the Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him.
- And David came to Mahanaim; and Absalom crossed the Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him.
2 S.17.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- עמשא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שם: ADV
- אבשלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- תחת: PREP
- יואב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הצבא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועמשא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושמו: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- יתרא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הישראלי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- אביגל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- נחש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- צרויה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- יואב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 20:4 (structural): David later summons Amasa to muster the men of Judah—this continues Amasa’s role after Absalom appointed him captain (direct narrative sequel).
- 2 Samuel 20:8-10 (verbal): Joab murders Amasa when Amasa delays in mustering the troops—directly linked to Amasa’s appointment as commander in 2 Samuel 17:25 and shows the lethal rivalry with Joab.
- 1 Chronicles 2:16-17 (verbal): Genealogical parallel: Chronicles records Amasa’s parentage and family connections (son of Jether/Ithra, relation to Abigail and Zeruiah), repeating the same familial data found in 2 Samuel 17:25.
- 1 Chronicles 11:6 (thematic): Joab’s decisive, sometimes violent leadership appears elsewhere (e.g., his action in bringing David to Hebron), underscoring the same Joab-character sketched by his identification in 2 Samuel 17:25.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Absalom set Amasa over the army instead of Joab. Now Amasa was the son of Jether the Ishmaelite; and his mother was Abigail the daughter of Nahash, sister of Zeruiah, Joab's mother.
- And Absalom set Amasa over the host instead of Joab. (Now Amasa was the son of Jether the Ishmaelite, who had married Abigail daughter of Nahash, sister of Zeruiah—Joab's mother.)
2 S.17.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחן: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואבשלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הגלעד: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 17:27-29 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: names the men of Gilead (Machir, Barzillai, Shobi) who provide food, lodging, and supplies to David’s followers—contextual parallel to the encamping in Gilead in v.26.
- Numbers 32:39-40 (verbal): Mentions Machir son of Manasseh seizing and dwelling in Gilead—links the Transjordan inhabitants (Machir/Gilead) who later aid David in 2 Sam 17.
- 2 Samuel 19:31-39 (thematic): Later episode showing Barzillai (and other Transjordan allies) caring for David and receiving recompense—continues the theme of Gilead/Transjordan support for David during the rebellion.
- Jeremiah 8:22 (allusion): “Is there no balm in Gilead?” —uses Gilead as a trope for healing/provision; thematically resonates with Gilead as place of refuge and supply in 2 Sam 17:26.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Israel and Absalom encamped in the land of Gilead.
- And Israel and Absalom encamped in the land of Gilead.
2 S.17.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כבוא: CONJ
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מחנימה: NOUN,prop,m,pl,abs
- ושבי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נחש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מרבת: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומכיר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמיאל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מלא: ADJ,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וברזלי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הגלעדי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- מרגלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 17:28-29 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode — lists the provisions and aid brought by Shobi, Machir, and Barzillai to David at Mahanaim.
- 2 Samuel 19:31-39 (thematic): Revisits Barzillai the Gileadite who aided David during Absalom’s rebellion; echoes the theme of loyal regional supporters bringing provisions and hospitality.
- 2 Samuel 9:4-5 (verbal): Mentions Machir son of Ammiel and Lo-debar earlier (where Mephibosheth lived), linking the same Machir and place named in 2 Sam 17:27.
- Genesis 32:1-2 (allusion): Earliest use of the place-name Mahanaim (Jacob’s encounter with angels); provides background for the location where David arrives.
- 1 Samuel 11:1-2 (allusion): Introduces Nahash the Ammonite king (father of Shobi); helps identify Shobi’s family background and Ammonite connections referenced in 2 Sam 17:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when David came to Mahanaim, Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the sons of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lo-debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim,
- When David came to Mahanaim, Shobi the son of Nahash, of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lo Debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim,
2 S.17.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- משכב: NOUN,m,sg,const
- וספות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וכלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- יוצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחטים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושערים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וקמח: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקלי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ופול: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועדשים: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וקלי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 17:27 (verbal): Immediate parallel verse in the same episode listing additional provisions (bread, cakes, raisins, figs, and wine) brought to David — together with 17:28 forms the full catalogue of supplies.
- 2 Samuel 17:29 (thematic): Follows 17:28 and states the effect of these gifts: they strengthened David’s hand — connects the list of provisions with their purpose of sustaining/supporting the fugitive king.
- 1 Chronicles 12:40 (verbal): Parallel account in Chronicles giving essentially the same catalogue of household goods and foods (beds, basins, earthenware, wheat, barley, flour, parched grain, beans, lentils, etc.) brought to David — a near-verbatim echo of 2 Sam 17:27–29.
- 1 Samuel 21:3–6 (thematic): David receives food (the consecrated showbread) while fleeing from Saul — thematically parallels the motif of providing sustenance and resources to a fugitive leader in distress.
Alternative generated candidates
- brought beds, basins, pottery vessels, wheat, barley, flour, parched grain, beans, lentils, and parched corn.
- brought beds, basins, pottery vessels, wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils, and roasted grain,
2 S.17.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ודבש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחמאה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וצאן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושפות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגישו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,pl
- לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ולעם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- לאכול: VERB,qal,inf
- כי: CONJ
- אמרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- רעב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועיף: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- וצמא: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chron.12:38-40 (structural): Parallel account of the same episode—the men who joined David bringing provisions (honey, curds, sheep, oxen) to sustain him and his followers; Chronicles recounts the same items and context.
- 1 Sam.30:11-12 (thematic): A faint, hungry man (David’s companion) is given food by others—both passages emphasize relief of extreme hunger and exhaustion by provision of simple food.
- Exod.16:11-15 (thematic): Israel’s need for food in the wilderness and God’s provision—echoes the motif of a hungry, weary people in a desert being supplied with food to sustain them.
- Ps.78:24-25 (thematic): Psalmic retelling of God’s provision of food (bread from heaven, meat) for the people in the wilderness; thematically parallels the provision of food to relieve hunger and exhaustion in a desert setting.
Alternative generated candidates
- They also brought honey and butter, sheep and cows' cheese, and brought them to David and to the people who were with him to eat; for they said, 'The people are hungry and weary and thirsty in the wilderness.'
- and honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of kine; and they gave them to David and to the people who were with him to eat, for they said, "The people are hungry and faint and thirsty in the wilderness."
And Absalom and all the men of Israel came to Jerusalem, and Ahithophel with him. And when Hushai the Archite, David's friend, came to Absalom, Hushai said to Absalom, "Long live the king! Long live the king!" And Absalom said to Hushai, "Is this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with your friend?" And Hushai said to Absalom, "No; for whatever the LORD and this people and all the men of Israel have chosen, him will I be, and with him will I dwell. And besides, whom shall I now serve? Is it not before his son? As I served before your father, so will I be before you." And Absalom said to Ahithophel, "Give counsel; what shall we do?" And Ahithophel said to Absalom, "Go in to the concubines of your father, whom he has left to keep the house; and all Israel will hear that you have made yourself odious to your father, and the hands of all who are with you will be strengthened." So they pitched for Absalom a tent upon the top of the house; and Absalom went in unto his father's concubines before all Israel. And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counseled in those days, was as if one inquired of the word of God; so was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom. And Ahithophel said to Absalom, "I will choose twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this night. And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak-handed, and I will terrify him; and the people who are with him will flee; and I will smite the king only. And I will bring back all the people to you; when every man who is seeking you returns, then all the people will be at peace." And the thing pleased Absalom and all the elders of Israel. And Absalom said, "Call now for Hushai the Archite, that we may hear also what he says." So Hushai came to Absalom, and Absalom said to him, "Was this the counsel that Ahithophel gave? If so, speak you; and if not, tell us." And Hushai said to Absalom, "The counsel that Ahithophel has given this time is not good." And Hushai said, "You know your father and his men; they are mighty men and of stern spirit, like a bear bereaved of her cubs in the field. Your father is a man of war; he will not stay with the people.
Behold now, he is hid in some pit or in some other place; and when he falls upon them at first, the hearer will say, 'There has been a slaughter among the followers of Absalom.'"
"Moreover he is a valiant man, whose heart is like the heart of a lion; the fainthearted will be broken, for all Israel knows that your father is a mighty man and the warriors who are with him."
"My counsel therefore is that all Israel be gathered to you from Dan even to Beersheba, like the sand that is on the seashore for multitude, and that you go yourself in the midst of them. And we will come upon him in some place where he is found, and we will lie in wait for him as the dew falls on the ground; not one of him or of the men who are with him shall remain."
"And if he be to a city, then all Israel shall bring him forth to that city, and we will draw him out thence with cords to the riverside until none is left." And Absalom and all the men of Israel said, "The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel." For the LORD had ordained to frustrate the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that the LORD might bring disaster upon Absalom. And Hushai said to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, "Thus and thus Ahithophel counseled Absalom and the elders of Israel; and thus and thus have I counseled. Now therefore send quickly and tell David, saying, 'Do not stay tonight in the plains of the wilderness, but pass over quickly, lest the king and all the people who are with him be swallowed up.'" And Jonathan and Ahimaaz stood at En-rogel; and a woman went and told them, and they went and told King David, for they could not appear to enter the city. But a lad saw them and told Absalom; and the two of them ran and came to the house of a certain young man, and he had a well in his court; and they went down there. And the woman took and spread a covering over the mouth of the well and spread heaps upon it; and nothing was perceived. And the servants of Absalom came to the house and said, "Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?" And the woman said to them, "They have passed over the water." And they sought and found not; and they returned to Jerusalem.
After they had gone, they went up from the well and came and told King David; and they said to David, "Arise and pass over quickly the water, for thus has Ahithophel counseled against you." So David arose and all the people who were with him, and they crossed the Jordan toward the morning; there was not one left who had not crossed the Jordan. And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his donkey and arose and went to his house to his city, and put his household in order; then he hanged himself and died, and was buried in his father's tomb. And David came to Mahanaim, and Absalom crossed the Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him. And Absalom appointed Amasa over the host instead of Joab. Now Amasa was the son of a man whose name was Jether the Ishmaelite; and his mother was Abigail, daughter of Nahash, sister of Zeruiah, Joab's mother. And Israel and Absalom pitched in the land of Gilead. And when David had come to Mahanaim, Shobi son of Nahash of Rabbah of the Ammonites, and Machir son of Ammiel of Lo-debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim,
brought beds, basins, earthen vessels, wheat, barley, flour, parched grain, beans, lentils, and parched corn,
and honey and butter and sheep and cheeses of kine; they brought them to David and to the people who were with him to eat, for they said, "The people are hungry and weary and thirsty in the wilderness."