The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child
Revelation 12:1-13:1
Rev.12.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- σημειον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- μεγα: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- ωφθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- γυνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- περιβεβλημενη: PART,perf,pass,nom,sg,f
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- ηλιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- σεληνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- υποκατω: ADV
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ποδων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- κεφαλης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- στεφανος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αστερων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- δωδεκα: NUM,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Genesis 37:9-10 (verbal): Joseph’s dream pictures the sun, moon, and stars (family members) bowing — the same triadic cosmic imagery (sun, moon, stars) that Revelation reuses for the woman and her crown of twelve stars.
- Song of Solomon 6:10 (6:9 MT) (verbal): A beautiful woman is compared to the sun and the moon ('fair as the moon, clear as the sun'), echoing Revelation’s language of a woman ‘clothed with the sun’ and moon under her feet.
- Isaiah 66:7-8 (thematic): Isaiah’s image of a woman bringing forth a child (and the surprising birth of a nation) parallels Revelation’s mother-woman motif and the birth of the male child described in the surrounding context.
- Ezekiel 16:11-14 (thematic): Ezekiel’s depiction of Zion/Israel adorned with jewelry and splendid garments (including crowns and ornaments) resonates with Revelation’s portrayal of the woman crowned with twelve stars—both use royal/adorned female imagery for Israel or God’s people.
Alternative generated candidates
- And a great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars.
- And a great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars.
Rev.12.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- γαστρι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εχουσα·και: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,f
- κραζει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ωδινουσα: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- βασανιζομενη: VERB,pres,pass,part,nom,sg,f
- τεκειν: VERB,pres,act,inf,_,_
Parallels
- Isaiah 26:17-18 (verbal): Uses almost identical childbirth language—'as a woman in labor'—to describe intense pain and frustrated birth, a close verbal and thematic echo of Revelation's labor imagery.
- Isaiah 66:7-8 (allusion): Portrays Zion giving birth and the sudden birth of a child; shares the prophetic birth motif and the paradoxical/eschatological birth imagery found in Revelation 12.
- Micah 4:10 (verbal): Calls Zion to 'be in pain and labor to give birth, like a woman in travail'—a direct verbal parallel in prophetic literature to the woman's labor in Revelation.
- John 16:21 (thematic): Jesus' simile of a woman in labor (pain followed by joy at birth) parallels Revelation's use of childbirth to portray suffering preceding deliverance and new life.
- Romans 8:22-23 (thematic): The image of creation 'groaning' and 'in travail' until redemption echoes the childbirth motif in Revelation as a picture of cosmic suffering leading to eventual renewal.
Alternative generated candidates
- She was with child and cried out in the pangs of childbirth, in labor and in agony to give birth.
- She was with child, and she cried out in the pangs of childbirth, in agony to give birth.
Rev.12.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ωφθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- αλλο: ADJ,neut,sg,nom
- σημειον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ιδου: PART
- δρακων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- μεγας: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- πυρρος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- εχων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- κεφαλας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- και: CONJ
- κερατα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- δεκα: NUM,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- κεφαλας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- διαδηματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
Parallels
- Rev.13:1 (verbal): A beast with seven heads and ten horns (and diadems/crowns) — nearly identical head/ horn/crown imagery applied to the sea-beast.
- Rev.17:3-7 (verbal): The scarlet beast is depicted with seven heads and ten horns and crowns; 17:7–13 interprets the heads and horns as kings/powers, echoing the same symbolic ensemble.
- Dan.7:7 (allusion): The fourth beast in Daniel’s vision has ten horns — the OT background for horn imagery as representing kingdoms/powers that Revelation adapts.
- Dan.7:8,20-25 (thematic): The ‘little horn’ arising among the ten horns and persecuting the holy ones provides the prophetic pattern of anti‑divine sovereign power reflected in Revelation’s multi‑headed, multi‑horned dragon/beast.
- Rev.12:9 (structural): Immediately identifies the dragon of Revelation 12 (the creature described in v.3) as the ancient serpent/Satan, linking the multi‑headed dragon imagery to demonic/antagonistic identity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And another sign appeared in heaven: behold, a great red dragon, with seven heads and ten horns, and on his heads seven diadems.
- And another sign appeared in heaven: behold, a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven diadems upon his heads.
Rev.12.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- ουρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- συρει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- τριτον: NUM,acc,sg,n
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αστερων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- και: CONJ
- εβαλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δρακων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εστηκεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- ενωπιον: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γυναικος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- μελλουσης: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,sg,f
- τεκειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- ινα: CONJ
- οταν: CONJ
- τεκη: VERB,aor,act,sub,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- τεκνον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- καταφαγη: VERB,aor,act,sub,3,sg
Parallels
- Rev.12:9 (verbal): Same scene expanded—the dragon is hurled out of heaven along with his angels; echoes the image of the dragon’s tail sweeping a portion of the stars (angels) from heaven.
- Isaiah 34:4 (verbal): Prophetic image of the stars of heaven falling and the heavens being rolled up—parallels the motif of stars falling to the earth.
- Matt.24:29 (thematic): Jesus’ eschatological description that ‘the stars will fall from heaven’ after tribulation; shares the cosmic, apocalyptic sign-language of falling stars.
- Luke 10:18 (allusion): Jesus’ remark ‘I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven’ parallels the fall of celestial beings and links the falling-stars motif to Satan’s defeat.
- 2 Peter 2:4 (allusion): Speaks of God’s judgment on angels—‘cast into hell and held in chains’—which parallels the imagery of heavenly beings (stars) being cast down.
Alternative generated candidates
- His tail swept down a third of the stars of heaven and cast them to the earth. And the dragon stood before the woman who was about to bear, to devour her child as soon as she brought it forth.
- His tail swept down a third of the stars of heaven and cast them to the earth; and the dragon stood before the woman who was about to bear, that when she bore he might devour her child.
Rev.12.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ετεκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- υιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- αρσεν: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- μελλει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ποιμαινειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εθνη: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- εν: PREP
- ραβδω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- σιδηρα·και: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ηρπασθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- τεκνον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- προς: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- θεον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- προς: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- θρονον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Psalm 2:9 (verbal): Uses the striking phrase 'you shall break them with a rod of iron' (or 'rule with a rod of iron'), which Revelation 12:5 applies to the male child's sovereign, forceful rule — a direct verbal and messianic echo.
- Revelation 19:15 (verbal): An internal parallel in Revelation: the rider on the white horse 'will rule them with a rod of iron,' repeating the same expression of eschatological kingship applied to Christ.
- Daniel 7:13-14 (allusion): The 'one like a son of man' given authority, glory, and an everlasting dominion over all peoples resonates thematically with the male child who is to rule all nations and receive enthronement.
- Luke 1:32-33 (thematic): The angelic announcement that Mary's son 'will be great' and 'will reign over the house of Jacob forever' parallels the birth of a male child destined for universal, eternal rule.
- Acts 1:9-11 (structural): The description of Jesus being 'taken up' into heaven—ascending to sit at God's right hand—parallels the clause that the child was 'caught up to God and to his throne,' linking birth, ascension, and enthronement.
Alternative generated candidates
- She gave birth to a male child, one who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron; and her child was caught up to God and to his throne.
- She bore a male child, a son who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron; and her child was taken up to God and to his throne.
Rev.12.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γυνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- εφυγεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ερημον: NOUN,acc,sg,fem
- οπου: ADV,rel
- εχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- εκει: ADV
- τοπον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ητοιμασμενον: PTCP,perf,pass,acc,sg,m
- απο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ινα: CONJ
- εκει: ADV
- τρεφωσιν: VERB,pres,act,sub,3,pl
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- ημερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- χιλιας: NUM,acc,pl,f
- διακοσιας: NUM,acc,pl,f
- εξηκοντα: NUM,acc,pl,n
Parallels
- Revelation 12:14 (verbal): Repeats and expands the same image: the woman is given wings and nourished in the wilderness for 'a time, times, and half a time'—a parallel formula to the 1,260 days in 12:6.
- Revelation 11:2-3 (verbal): Uses the identical chronological measures (42 months / 1,260 days) for the period of persecution/mission, linking the woman's refuge to the same prophetic timetable elsewhere in Revelation.
- Revelation 13:5 (thematic): The beast is granted authority for 42 months—the same period that contextualizes the woman's flight—highlighting opposing roles of protection (woman) and persecution (beast) within the same timeframe.
- Daniel 7:25 (allusion): Speaks of a persecuting power oppressing the saints 'for a time, times, and half a time.' Revelation echoes this Danielic phrase and theme in dating the woman's protection amid persecution.
- 1 Kings 17:2-6 (thematic): Narrates God's provision for Elijah in the wilderness (fed by ravens), providing an Old Testament precedent for the motif of divine sustenance and refuge in the desert that Revelation applies to the woman.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the woman fled into the wilderness, where she has a place prepared by God, that there she might be nourished for one thousand two hundred sixty days.
- And the woman fled into the wilderness, where she has a place prepared by God, that they should feed her there one thousand two hundred and sixty days.
Rev.12.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- πολεμος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Μιχαηλ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αγγελοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πολεμησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- μετα: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- δρακοντος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δρακων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- επολεμησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αγγελοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Daniel 12:1 (allusion): Michael appears as the great heavenly prince who 'stands up' for God's people in the eschatological conflict, echoing Revelation's depiction of Michael opposing the dragon.
- Jude 1:9 (allusion): Michael the archangel's confrontation with the devil over Moses' body shows an earlier tradition of Michael contesting Satan, paralleling the heavenly struggle in Revelation 12:7.
- Luke 10:18 (thematic): Jesus' statement that he saw Satan 'fall like lightning from heaven' thematically echoes the dragon's defeat and expulsion from heaven in Revelation 12.
- Isaiah 14:12-15 (thematic): The motif of a proud celestial being cast down (the 'morning star'/'Lucifer') provides an Old Testament background for the imagery of the dragon's fall.
- Revelation 20:2-3 (structural): An angel seizes and binds the dragon (Satan) and consigns him to the abyss—later Revelation material that parallels and develops the outcome of the heavenly war in 12:7–9.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now war arose in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back.
- Now war arose in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon and his angels fought back,
Rev.12.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ισχυσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ουδε: CONJ,neg
- τοπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ευρεθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- ετι: ADV
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 12:9 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: the dragon and his angels are expelled from heaven and identified as the Devil and Satan—directly parallels the statement that no place was found for them in heaven.
- Luke 10:18 (verbal): Jesus' saying 'I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven' uses the same fallen-from-heaven imagery of Satan's defeat and expulsion.
- Isaiah 14:12-15 (allusion): The taunt against the fallen 'morning star' (Lucifer) who is brought down from heaven provides an Old Testament background for the depiction of a heavenly overthrow.
- Ezekiel 28:16-18 (allusion): The oracle against the king/cherub who was cast out from the mountain of God echoes the motif of a privileged heavenly being stripped of place and expelled.
- Revelation 20:2-3 (thematic): Later Revelation passage describing Satan bound and confined reflects the same theme of Satan's defeat and removal from his former position of influence.
Alternative generated candidates
- But they were not strong enough, and there was no longer any place for them in heaven.
- but they were not strong enough, and there was no longer any place found for them in heaven.
Rev.12.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εβληθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δρακων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- μεγας: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- οφις: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αρχαιος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- καλουμενος: PART,pres,mp,nom,sg,m
- Διαβολος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Σατανας: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πλανων: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- οικουμενην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ολην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- εβληθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αγγελοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- μετ᾽αυτου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,m
- εβληθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 14:12-15 (allusion): Imagery of a heavenly being cast down from the heights for pride; though originally a taunt against Babylon, early Christian reading applies the fall language to the cosmic fall of the adversary, paralleling Revelation's depiction of the dragon's expulsion.
- Ezekiel 28:12-17 (allusion): Lament over the proud, once-perfect figure brought low because of pride and corruption; Christian interpreters often read this as describing the fall of a heavenly foe, echoing Revelation's portrait of the ancient serpent cast to earth.
- Luke 10:18 (quotation): Jesus' saying 'I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven' closely parallels Revelation's language of the dragon being hurled down from heaven to earth, linking Jesus' proclamation to the cosmic overthrow of Satan.
- Revelation 20:2 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel within Revelation: the dragon is explicitly identified as 'the serpent of old' and 'the devil, Satan'—the same titles and hostile role found in 12:9, here in the context of his later binding and judgment.
- Genesis 3:1 (thematic): The serpent's role as deceiver in Eden provides the foundational motif for Revelation's 'serpent of old' who deceives the whole world, connecting Edenic deception to the dragon's ongoing misleading activity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the great dragon was thrown down, that ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world—he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.
- And the great dragon was thrown down—the ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world; he was cast down to the earth, and his angels were cast down with him.
Rev.12.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ηκουσα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- φωνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- μεγαλην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- λεγουσαν·Αρτι: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,f,sg
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- σωτηρια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δυναμις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- βασιλεια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- εξουσια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- εβληθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- κατηγωρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αδελφων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- κατηγορων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,m,sg
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- ενωπιον: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- ημερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- νυκτος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Revelation 12:9 (verbal): Immediate book parallel: identifies the dragon as Satan and records his expulsion from heaven—language and imagery (the devil/dragon thrown down) underpin Rev 12:10's announcement of his defeat.
- Revelation 20:10 (structural): Echoes the final defeat and judgment of the devil—both texts portray Satan's overthrow and ultimate punishment, situating Rev 12:10 within Revelation's larger eschatological framework.
- Luke 10:18 (thematic): Jesus' declaration 'I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven' thematically parallels the heavenly proclamation of Satan's overthrow in Rev 12:10—both celebrate the devil's defeat and loss of standing in heaven.
- Romans 8:33-34 (allusion): Contrasts the 'accuser' of the brethren in Rev 12:10 with Paul's assertion that no one can bring a charge against God's elect because Christ intercedes—underscoring the reversal of the accuser's authority.
- 1 John 3:8 (thematic): States the Son's purpose to destroy the devil's works, paralleling Rev 12:10's announcement that salvation, power and Christ's reign are manifested in the devil's being cast down—both link Christ's victory to the defeat of evil.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I heard a loud voice in heaven, saying, "Now has come salvation and power and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ; for the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down, who accuses them day and night before our God."
- And I heard a loud voice in heaven, saying, “Now has come salvation and power and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ; for the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down, who accuses them day and night before our God.”
Rev.12.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- αυτοι: PRON,nom,pl,3
- ενικησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- δια: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αιμα: NOUN,nom,sg,neut
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρνιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- δια: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- λογον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- μαρτυριας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ηγαπησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ψυχην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- αχρι: PREP
- θανατου·: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 7:14 (verbal): Explicitly links being made clean 'in the blood of the Lamb' to those who come out of tribulation—direct verbal echo of 'by the blood of the Lamb' as the basis of victory.
- Revelation 6:9-11 (thematic): Depicts the martyrs under the altar who bear witness and await vindication; parallels the theme of martyrdom, testimony, and ultimate triumph despite death.
- Revelation 2:10 (structural): Calls for faithfulness 'unto death' with the promise of the crown of life—structurally and thematically parallels 'did not love their lives even unto death.'
- Matthew 10:39 (thematic): Jesus' paradox 'Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it' parallels the renunciation of self‑preservation expressed in 'did not love their lives unto death.'
- Romans 10:9-10 (verbal): Emphasizes confession of Jesus as the means of salvation; parallels 'the word of their testimony' as verbal confession/testimony that accompanies victory.
Alternative generated candidates
- And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony, for they did not cling to their lives even unto death.
- And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony; they did not cling to their lives even unto death.
Rev.12.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- δια: PREP
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ευφραινεσθε: VERB,pres,mid,imp,2,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- ουρανοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- σκηνουντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- ουαι: INTJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- θαλασσαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- οτι: CONJ
- κατεβη: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- διαβολος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- εχων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- θυμον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- μεγαν: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- ειδως: PART,perf,act,nom,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- ολιγον: ADV
- καιρον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Revelation 12:7-9 (structural): Immediate context: describes the heavenly war and the dragon (Satan) being cast down to earth, which explains why the devil 'has come down to you' in 12:12.
- Revelation 12:9 (verbal): Explicit identification of the fallen figure as 'the great dragon... that ancient serpent, who is called Satan,' repeating the theme of Satan's descent and deception of the earth's inhabitants.
- Luke 10:18 (allusion): Jesus' remark 'I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven' echoes the motif of Satan's fall from heaven to earth, a background image for Revelation's account of the devil's descent.
- 1 Peter 5:8 (thematic): Describes the devil as a prowling adversary seeking to devour, paralleling Revelation's depiction of the devil's hostile activity and wrath directed against those on earth.
- Revelation 20:7-9 (thematic): Later apocalyptic scene in which Satan is released, again deceives the nations and gathers them against the saints—paralleling the motif of the devil's enraged activity on earth and his limited time.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore rejoice, O heavens and you who dwell in them! But woe to you, O earth and sea, for the devil has come down to you in great wrath, knowing that he has only a short time.
- Therefore rejoice, you heavens, and those who dwell in them! Woe to you, O earth and sea, for the devil has come down to you in great wrath, knowing that he has but a short time.
Rev.12.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- οτε: CONJ
- ειδεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δρακων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- εβληθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εδιωξεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γυναικα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ητις: PRON,rel,nom,sg,f
- ετεκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αρσενα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 12:17 (verbal): Repeats and develops the same action: the dragon persecutes the woman and then makes war on the rest of her offspring (direct verbal and thematic reprise).
- Revelation 12:6 (structural): Earlier stage of the woman's flight into the wilderness to be protected for 1,260 days—part of the same narrative of the dragon's hostility and the woman's escape/protection.
- Revelation 12:4 (verbal): Describes the dragon's intent to devour the male child as soon as he was born; establishes the dragon's hostile pursuit that culminates in chasing the woman on earth.
- Revelation 13:7 (thematic): The beast is given authority to wage war against the saints and to conquer them—parallels the dragon/beast motif of empowered persecution of God's people on earth.
- Matthew 2:16 (allusion): Herod's slaughter of the innocents and attempt to kill the newborn Messiah echoes the hostile ruler/dragon motif persecuting the child and those associated with him (mothers/the people).
Alternative generated candidates
- And when the dragon saw that he had been thrown down to the earth, he pursued the woman who had borne the male child.
- And when the dragon saw that he had been cast down to the earth, he persecuted the woman who had borne the male child.
Rev.12.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εδοθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- γυναικι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- δυο: NUM,acc,pl,m
- πτερυγες: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αετου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- μεγαλου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- ινα: CONJ
- πετηται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,subj,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ερημον: NOUN,acc,sg,fem
- εις: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- τοπον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- οπου: ADV,rel
- τρεφεται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,3,sg
- εκει: ADV
- καιρον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- καιρους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ημισυ: NUM,acc,sg,n
- καιρου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- απο: PREP
- προσωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- οφεως: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Exodus 19:4 (verbal): Uses eagle-wing imagery ('I carried you on eagles' wings')—parallels the gift of 'two wings of a great eagle' as divine deliverance to a place of refuge.
- Isaiah 40:31 (thematic): Speaks of rising up with wings like eagles—connects the motif of heavenly/renewing flight as God‑given strength and protection.
- Daniel 7:25 (allusion): Contains the same time formula ('a time, times, and half a time') describing a period of persecution—Rev 12:14 uses the phrase to mark the woman's protected interval.
- Daniel 12:7 (allusion): Also uses 'a time, times, and half a time' in an eschatological context; provides background for Revelation's temporal motif of trial and preservation.
- Revelation 12:6 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel within the chapter: verse 6 similarly describes the woman fleeing to the wilderness and being nourished for 1260 days, linking the eagle‑wings flight to the same period of protection.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the woman was given the two wings of the great eagle so that she might fly from the serpent into the wilderness to her place, where she is nourished for a time, times, and half a time.
- But the woman was given the two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness to her place, where she is nourished for a time, and times, and half a time, away from the serpent’s presence.
Rev.12.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εβαλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- οφις: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- στοματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- οπισω: ADV
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γυναικος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- υδωρ: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ως: ADV
- ποταμον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ινα: CONJ
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- ποταμοφορητον: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- ποιηση: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
Parallels
- Revelation 12:16 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: the earth opens its mouth to swallow the flood the dragon spews, resolving the threat posed by the river-like waters in v.15.
- Revelation 17:15 (verbal): Explicit interpretive parallel within Revelation: 'the waters... are peoples and multitudes and nations and tongues,' which clarifies the flood imagery of Rev 12:15 as representing nations/peoples rather than literal water.
- Isaiah 8:7-8 (thematic): Prophetic image of 'the waters of the River' pouring over the land as a flood of invading nations—comparable use of flood-waters to symbolize overwhelming hostile forces.
- Psalm 69:1-2 (thematic): Psalmist cries that 'the waters come in unto my soul,' using flood imagery for encircling distress and persecution, echoing the threatening, engulfing waters sent by the serpent in Rev 12:15.
- Genesis 3:15 (allusion): Earliest biblical conflict between serpent and woman/their seed; thematically parallels the dragon's assault on the woman in Revelation, framing the serpent as the ongoing adversary who attacks her and her progeny.
Alternative generated candidates
- The serpent poured water like a river out of his mouth after the woman, to sweep her away with a flood.
- Then the serpent poured water like a river out of his mouth after the woman, to sweep her away by the stream.
Rev.12.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εβοηθησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- γυναικι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ηνοιξεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- στομα: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- κατεπιεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- ποταμον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- εβαλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δρακων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- στοματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- αυτου·: PRON,gen,sg,3
Parallels
- Revelation 12:15 (structural): Immediate context: the dragon 'spews water' from his mouth to sweep the woman away; verse 12:16 describes the earth intervening and swallowing that flood.
- Job 38:8-11 (verbal): God's control over the waters — 'Who shut up the sea with doors... and said, Thus far shall you come, and no farther' — parallels the motif of restraining or confining floodwaters so they cannot harm the protected figure.
- Psalm 104:6-9 (thematic): Imagery of the waters covering the mountains and then being rebuked/ restrained so they no longer cover the earth resonates with Revelation's theme of waters threatened and then prevented from overwhelming the woman.
- Exodus 15:12 (thematic): At the Red Sea the returning waters overwhelm Pharaoh's host—an image of waters swallowing an enemy that provides a reverse parallel to the dragon's flood being itself swallowed and neutralized.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the earth opened its mouth and swallowed the river that the dragon had poured from his mouth.
- But the earth opened its mouth and swallowed the river which the dragon had spewed from his mouth.
Rev.12.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ωργισθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δρακων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- γυναικι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- απηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ποιησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- πολεμον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- μετα: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- λοιπων: ADJ,gen,pl,nt
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- σπερματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- τηρουντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- εντολας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- εχοντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- μαρτυριαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- Ιησου·: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 14:12 (verbal): Almost identical description: those who 'keep the commandments of God and the faith/testimony of Jesus' (cf. 'τηρουντων τας εντολας του θεου και εχοντων την μαρτυριαν Ιησου'), emphasizing endurance of the saints.
- Revelation 13:7 (verbal): The beast is given authority 'to make war with the saints'—language and theme parallel the dragon's intent to wage war against the woman's remainder.
- Daniel 7:21 (thematic): In Daniel the little horn 'made war with the saints' and prevailed for a time; parallels the persecuting adversary waging war against God's people.
- Daniel 7:25 (thematic): The horn 'shall persecute the saints' and attempt to change times and law—echoes of sustained assault on the faithful who keep God's commandments.
- Revelation 12:13–16 (structural): Immediate context: the dragon pursues the woman and then turns to make war on her offspring; these verses supply the narrative background for 12:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the dragon became furious with the woman and went off to make war on the rest of her offspring—those who keep the commandments of God and hold to the testimony of Jesus.
- So the dragon was enraged with the woman and went off to make war on the rest of her offspring—those who keep the commandments of God and bear the testimony of Jesus.
Rev.12.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εσταθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- επι: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- αμμον: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- θαλασσης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Rev.13:1 (thematic): Both passages link a monstrous/chiastic figure with the sea—Rev 13:1 depicts a beast 'rising out of the sea,' paralleling the motif of a figure positioned by/over the sea ('stood on the sand of the sea').
- Rev.17:15 (structural): The sea in Revelation often symbolizes peoples/nations (17:15 'the waters ... peoples and multitudes and nations and tongues'), providing symbolic context for a figure standing on the seashore in apocalyptic imagery.
- Gen.22:17 (verbal): Uses the exact image 'as the sand of the seashore' (ἡ ἄμμος τῆς θαλάσσης) — a lexical parallel to the phrase 'the sand of the sea' in the given text.
- Deut.1:10 (verbal): Another Old Testament use of the phrase comparing multitude to 'the sand of the sea,' providing a recurrent biblical idiom that echoes the wording of the verse.
- Isa.10:22 (allusion): Speaks of a remnant 'as the sand of the sea' — thematically related to the image of the seashore as a locus of multitude, emigration, or boundary, which informs interpretation of a figure 'standing on the sand of the sea.'
Alternative generated candidates
- And he stood upon the sand of the sea.
- And the dragon stood on the sand of the sea.
Rev.13.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ειδον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- θαλασσης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- θηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- αναβαινον: VERB,pres,act,ptcp,nom,sg,n
- εχον: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,n
- κερατα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- δεκα: NUM,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- κεφαλας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- επτα: NUM,acc,pl,neut
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- κερατων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- δεκα: NUM,nom,pl,m
- διαδηματα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- κεφαλας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- ονοματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- βλασφημιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Daniel 7:7 (verbal): Describes a fourth beast rising from the sea with ten horns — the primary Old Testament model for Revelation's beast imagery (beast/sea/horns).
- Daniel 7:8 (allusion): Speaks of a 'little horn' arising among ten horns that speaks arrogantly; parallels the horn/head imagery and the motif of blasphemous/boastful speech.
- Revelation 12:3 (verbal): Depicts a great red dragon with seven heads and ten horns — uses virtually identical head-and-horn language, linking dragon and beast symbolism within Revelation.
- Revelation 17:3,12 (structural): Presents a beast with seven heads and ten horns and interprets the ten horns as ten kings; expands and interprets the same composite beast imagery introduced in Rev 13:1.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 (thematic): Describes a coming opposition that exalts itself and proclaims itself divine — thematically parallels the blasphemous names and later blasphemous speech attributed to the beast.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I saw a beast rising out of the sea, with ten horns and seven heads, and on its horns ten diadems, and on its heads blasphemous names.
- And I saw a beast rising out of the sea, having ten horns and seven heads; and upon its horns were ten diadems, and upon its heads a blasphemous name.
A great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars.
She was with child and cried out in the pangs of childbirth, in labor and anguish to give birth. And another sign appeared in heaven: behold, a great red dragon, with seven heads and ten horns, and upon his heads seven diadems.
His tail swept a third of the stars of heaven and cast them to the earth. And the dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, that he might devour her child as soon as she bore it.
She bore a male child, one who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron; and her child was caught up to God and to his throne. And the woman fled into the wilderness, where she has a place prepared by God, that there she might be nourished for one thousand two hundred sixty days. Now war arose in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon. The dragon and his angels fought back,
but they were not strong enough, and there was no longer any place found for them in heaven. And the great dragon was thrown down—that ancient serpent called the Devil and Satan, who leads the whole world astray—and he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.
Then I heard a loud voice in heaven, saying, “Now has come salvation and strength and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ; for the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down, who accuses them day and night before our God.”
They overcame him by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony; for they did not cling to life even unto death.
Therefore rejoice, O heavens, and you who dwell in them! But woe to the earth and the sea, for the devil has come down to you in great wrath, knowing that he has only a short time.
When the dragon saw that he had been cast down to the earth, he pursued the woman who had borne the male child. And to the woman were given the two wings of a great eagle, so that she might fly into the wilderness to her place, where she is nourished for one thousand two hundred sixty days, away from the serpent's face.
From his mouth the serpent poured water like a river after the woman, to sweep her away with the flood. But the earth helped the woman: the earth opened its mouth and swallowed the river that the dragon had spewed from his mouth.
Then the dragon became furious with the woman and went off to make war on the rest of her offspring—on those who keep God's commandments and hold the testimony of Jesus. And he stood on the sand of the sea. And I saw a beast rising out of the sea, having ten horns and seven heads; and upon its horns ten diadems, and upon its heads a blasphemous name.