The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles
Luke 6:12-16
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
1 Samuel
2 Samuel
1 Kings
2 Kings
1 Chronicles
2 Chronicles
Ezra
Nehemiah
Esther
Job
Psalm
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
Song
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Lamentations
Ezekiel
Daniel
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
Acts
Romans
1 Corinthians
2 Corinthians
Galatians
Ephesians
Philippians
Colossians
1 Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians
1 Timothy
2 Timothy
Titus
Philemon
Hebrews
James
1 Peter
2 Peter
1 John
Jude
Revelation
Luke.6.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- ημεραις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- ταυταις: DEM,dat,pl,f
- εξελθειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ορος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- προσευξασθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
- και: CONJ
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- διανυκτερευων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- προσευχη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 1:35 (verbal): Jesus rises early and withdraws to a solitary place to pray—paralleling Luke’s portrayal of Jesus leaving to pray apart.
- Matthew 14:23 (verbal): Jesus goes up into the mountain by himself to pray (after dismissing the crowds)—similar motif of solitary mountain prayer.
- Mark 6:46 (verbal): After sending the crowd away, Jesus goes up on the mountain to pray—another instance of withdrawal to pray in the Gospels.
- Luke 9:28-29 (thematic): Jesus withdraws to pray on the mountain and is transfigured while praying—shows prayer as the setting for decisive revelation, as in Luke 6:12 before choosing the Twelve.
- Acts 1:24-26 (structural): The apostles pray before selecting Matthias—paralleling Luke 6:12’s theme of extended prayer preceding the appointment of leaders.
Alternative generated candidates
- In those days he went up on the mountain to pray, and he spent the night in prayer to God.
- In those days he went up on the mountain to pray, and he spent the whole night in prayer to God.
Luke.6.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- οτε: CONJ
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- προσεφωνησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- μαθητας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- εκλεξαμενος: VERB,aor,mid,ptc,nom,sg,m
- απ᾽αυτων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,3
- δωδεκα: NUM,acc,pl,m
- ους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αποστολους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- ωνομασεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Mark 3:14-19 (verbal): Mark records the same action—Jesus appointing twelve and naming them apostles—with closely parallel wording and a list of names.
- Matthew 10:1-4 (verbal): Matthew likewise describes Jesus summoning and naming the twelve and grants them authority, offering a parallel account and list of the apostles.
- Luke 9:1-2 (structural): Within Luke's Gospel this passage continues the theme: the twelve are empowered and sent out, showing the commissioning function tied to their appointment.
- Acts 1:15-26 (structural): After Judas' death the Jerusalem community selects Matthias to restore the Twelve—a later narrative development rooted in the original appointment of the twelve apostles.
- 1 Corinthians 15:5 (allusion): Paul's reference to appearances 'to Cephas, then to the twelve' presupposes the established group of the Twelve apostles originating in Jesus' selection.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when day came he called his disciples and chose from them twelve, whom he also named apostles.
- When day came, he called his disciples to him, and from them he chose twelve, whom he also named apostles.
Luke.6.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Σιμωνα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ωνομασεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- Πετρον: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Ανδρεαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αδελφον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Ιακωβον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Ιωαννην: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Φιλιππον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Βαρθολομαιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 10:2-4 (verbal): Gives a parallel list of the Twelve apostles, including Simon called Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip and Bartholomew—overlapping names and order with Luke 6:14.
- Mark 3:16-19 (verbal): Mark's listing of the Twelve names the same figures (Simon whom he surnamed Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew), matching Luke's enumeration.
- Acts 1:13 (verbal): A later summary list of the apostles present in the upper room that includes Peter, John, James, Andrew, Philip and Bartholomew—corresponding to Luke's named disciples.
- John 1:40-42 (thematic): Narrates Andrew bringing his brother Simon to Jesus and Jesus giving Simon the name Cephas/Peter—echoing Luke's naming of Simon as Peter and mention of Andrew.
- Matthew 4:18-22 (thematic): Describes the calling of Simon (Peter), Andrew, James and John to follow Jesus—thematically connected to Luke's listing of these disciples among those chosen.
Alternative generated candidates
- Simon, whom he named Peter, and Andrew his brother; James and John;
- Simon (whom he also named Peter), and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip and Bartholomew.
Luke.6.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- Μαθθαιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Θωμαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Ιακωβον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Αλφαιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Σιμωνα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- καλουμενον: PART,pres,pass,acc,sg,m
- Ζηλωτην: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 10:2-4 (verbal): Matthew's list of the twelve apostles names Matthew, Thomas, James son of Alphaeus and Simon (called the Cananaean/Zealot) paralleling the same personal names.
- Mark 3:16-19 (verbal): Mark's naming of the twelve includes Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus and Simon the Zealot—verbal correspondence with Luke's list.
- Acts 1:13 (structural): The post‑resurrection/Ascension catalogue of the apostles in Acts repeats the same group—Matthew, Thomas, James son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot—showing continuity of apostolic identification.
- Luke 6:14-16 (structural): Immediate parallel within Luke: the surrounding verses form the same structural list of the twelve apostles of which verse 6:15 is a part.
Alternative generated candidates
- Philip and Bartholomew; Matthew and Thomas; James son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot;
- Matthew and Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot.
Luke.6.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- Ιουδαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ιακωβου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Ιουδαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ισκαριωθ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- προδοτης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 10:4 (verbal): Parallel apostolic list naming 'Judas the son of James' and 'Judas Iscariot' — same pair of Judases as in Luke 6:16.
- Mark 3:19 (verbal): Mark's list of the Twelve includes 'Judas Iscariot' and in context identifies him as the one who betrayed Jesus, corresponding to Luke's note about the traitor.
- John 6:71 (thematic): John explicitly identifies Judas Iscariot as the disciple who would betray Jesus, thematically matching Luke's 'who became a traitor.'
- Acts 1:16-20 (thematic): Peter's speech recounts Judas's betrayal, death, and the vacancy among the apostles — an expanded treatment of Judas Iscariot's betrayal mentioned succinctly in Luke 6:16.
- Matthew 26:14-16 (thematic): Narrative account of Judas arranging with the chief priests to betray Jesus for money, providing the concrete action behind Luke's characterization of him as a traitor.
Alternative generated candidates
- Judas son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor.
- Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who was the betrayer.
In those days he went out to the mountain to pray; and he spent the night in prayer to God. And when day came, he called his disciples; and he chose twelve of them, whom he also named apostles.
Simon, whom he called Peter, and Andrew, and James, and John, and Philip, and Bartholomew,
Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot,
Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor.