Territory of Zebulun
Joshua 19:10-16
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Jos.19.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הגורל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- השלישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- לבני: PREP
- זבולן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחתם: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- נחלתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- עד: PREP
- שריד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:11 (structural): Immediate continuation of the Zebulun allotment—continues the description of the tribe's borders and towns closely tied to v.10’s statement that their border reached Sarid.
- Joshua 19:15 (structural): Part of the same chapter's town-list for Zebulun; provides additional place-names and boundary details that contextualize the border mentioned in v.10.
- Deuteronomy 33:18-19 (thematic): Moses’ blessing of Zebulun speaks of the tribe’s territory and prosperity—thematically related to the allotment and boundaries given in Joshua 19:10.
- Genesis 49:13 (allusion): Jacob’s blessing locates Zebulun toward the shore and mentions tribal borders; an earlier tribal oracle that relates to later territorial descriptions like the border to Sarid.
- Judges 5:18 (thematic): The Song of Deborah celebrates Zebulun (and Naphtali) in the land—echoes the tribal identity and territorial association reflected in Joshua’s allotment accounting.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the third lot came up for the sons of Zebulun by their families; and the border of their inheritance reached to Sarid.
- And the third lot came up for the sons of Zebulun by their families; and the border of their inheritance went as far as Sarid.
Jos.19.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועלה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- גבולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
- לימה: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg
- ומרעלה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,prop,sg
- ופגע: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- בדבשת: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg
- ופגע: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הנחל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יקנעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:10 (structural): Immediate context: the opening verse of Zebulun’s allotment—begins the same sequence of boundary markers that verse 11 continues.
- Joshua 19:12 (structural): Direct continuation of the boundary description—lists the next places reached after the brook before Jokneam, forming part of the same territorial outline.
- Joshua 19:15 (structural): Part of the same chapter’s town-and-boundary list for Zebulun; this verse helps situate the places named in v.11 within the full allotment.
- Joshua 19:33 (structural): A parallel allotment formula in the chapter (Naphtali’s territory) that uses similar place‑name and boundary language (town lists and local watercourses), showing the recurring topographical conventions in tribal allocations.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their border went up to Maralah, and reached to Dabbesheth, and to the brook that is before Jokneam.
- And their border went up to Maralah and reached to Dabbesheth, and it touched the brook that is before Jokneam.
Jos.19.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושב: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- משריד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדמה: ADV
- מזרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- כסלת: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- תבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הדברת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועלה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- יפיע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:11 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same allotment list; continues the same sequence of place‑names and boundary language, sharing vocabulary and territorial markers.
- Joshua 19:13 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the chapter's town‑and‑border catalogue for the tribe of Asher, echoing the same structural list of localities and boundary movements.
- Judges 1:31–32 (thematic): Lists the towns and tribal fortunes of Asher and neighboring tribes; thematically parallels Joshua's catalogue of towns and highlights settlement/occupation of the region.
- Joshua 21:30–31 (structural): A later inventory of Levitical cities within the tribe of Asher; parallels Joshua 19's place‑list by naming several of the same localities and demonstrating continuity in territorial assignment.
- Numbers 34:8–12 (structural): Gives a formal description of Israel's national borders in the north; parallels Joshua 19 in its genre and purpose (defining territory through named landmarks and towns).
Alternative generated candidates
- And from Sarid it turned eastward to the sunrise to the border of Chisloth‑Tabor, and went out to Daberath, and rose to Japhia.
- It turned from Sarid eastward toward the sunrise to the border at Kisloth‑Tabor, and went out to Daberath and ascended to Japhia.
Jos.19.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומשם: CONJ+PREP+ADV
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדמה: ADV
- מזרחה: ADV,dir
- גתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עתה: ADV
- קצין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- רמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המתאר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הנעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Joshua 19:24-31 (structural): Immediate context — the same chapter continues the catalogue of towns in the allotment to Asher; verse 13 is part of this contiguous town-listing tradition.
- Judges 1:31-32 (verbal): Lists many of the same coastal towns (e.g., Aphek/Aphik, Achzib, Rehob) in describing Asher’s territory and whether the inhabitants were driven out — overlapping place‑names and settlement tradition.
- Joshua 21:30-31 (structural): Lists the Levitical cities given within Asher’s allotment, repeating several of the same town names mentioned in Joshua 19 and showing another ordering/function for those sites.
- Deuteronomy 33:24-25 (thematic): Moses’ blessing of Asher focuses on the tribe’s prosperity and territory — a thematic parallel to the land allotment and place‑name corpus recorded in Joshua 19.
Alternative generated candidates
- And from there it went eastward to Gath‑hepher, and to Eth‑kazin, and to Rimmon, and to the border that looks toward Neah.
- From there it passed on to Gath‑Hepher and Eth‑Kazin and Rimmon and Neah; on the right it looked toward the north to Hannathon.
Jos.19.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונסב: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- הגבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מצפון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חנתן: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- והיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- תצאתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- גי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יפתח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
Parallels
- Joshua 19:10 (structural): Same chapter and allotment narrative — immediately adjacent verse using the same formulaic border language and naming neighboring towns in the tribal boundary description.
- Judges 1:30 (thematic): Lists towns in the same northern/Galilean region and reflects the distribution of towns among tribes, paralleling the place‑names and territorial concerns of Joshua 19:14.
- Numbers 34:7-8 (thematic): Gives the broader northern boundary of the land of Canaan; parallels Joshua’s directional/boundary language and the concern to fix geographic limits.
- Joshua 15:21-24 (structural): Another example in Joshua of detailed local border and town lists for a tribal allotment, showing the same descriptive pattern and terminology used in 19:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the border turned about from there on the north to Hannathon; and the outgoings of the border were to the sea.
- And the border turned about on the north to Hannathon; its outgoings were to the valley of Japhthael.
Jos.19.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וקטת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונהלל: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושמרון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וידאלה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובית: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cs
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- וחצריהן: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,pl
Parallels
- Joshua 19:10-16 (structural): Immediate context: the fuller allotment list for the tribe of Zebulun that frames verse 15; the same sequence of towns and the summary 'twelve cities and their villages.'
- Judges 1:30 (verbal): Repeats specific town names (e.g., Kitron/Kethel? and Nahalal) in connection with Zebulun, noting that Zebulun did not drive out certain inhabitants—verbal overlap in city names and tribal territory.
- Joshua 21:34 (verbal): Lists Levitical cities taken from the territory of Zebulun (including Nahalal), echoing the occurrence of that town in the allotment list of Joshua 19:15.
- Genesis 49:13 (thematic): Jacob’s blessing on Zebulun describes the tribe’s territorial situation (dwelling by the sea, commerce), thematically relating to the allotment and towns that define Zebulun’s land in Joshua 19:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the fenced cities were: Sarid, Kitron, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem—twelve cities with their villages.
- And Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem—twelve cities with their villages.
Jos.19.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- נחלת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- זבולן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחותם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss3,m,pl
- הערים: NOUN,f,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- וחצריהן: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,pl
Parallels
- Joshua 19:10 (verbal): Uses the identical concluding formula for Issachar's allotment: 'This was the inheritance of the children of Issachar... these cities and their villages.'
- Joshua 19:32 (verbal): Parallel closing formula for Asher's allotment, again listing 'these cities and their villages' as the tribe's inheritance.
- Joshua 21:41 (verbal): Lists Levitical towns with the same phraseology—'all the cities with their villages'—echoing the language used in tribal allotment summaries.
- Joshua 19:49 (structural): A summary statement that collects the tribal inheritances ('these are the inheritances...') and situates Zebulun's allotment within the larger partitioning of the land.
- Numbers 34:13 (structural): Earlier command to apportion the land among the tribes ('divide the land for inheritance by lot'), providing the legal/structural background for the allotment statements in Joshua.
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the inheritance of the sons of Zebulun by their families: these cities with their villages.
- This is the inheritance of the sons of Zebulun by their families: these cities and their villages.
And the third lot came up for the sons of Zebulun by their families; and the border of their inheritance reached to Sarid. And their border went up to Maralah, and reached to Dabbesheth, and reached to the river that is before Jokneam. And it turned from Sarid eastward to the rising of the sun unto the border of Kisloth‑Tabor, and went out to Daberath, and went up to Japhia. And from there it passed on eastward to Gath‑Hepher, to Eth‑Tappuah, to Kattath, to Rimmon‑im, and to Neah. And the border turned about to the north to Hannathon; and the outgoings of their border were at the valley of Iphtahel. And Kattath, and Nahalal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem—twelve cities with their villages.
This is the inheritance of the sons of Zebulun by their families: these cities and their villages.