Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away
Genesis 21:8-21
Gen.21.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויגדל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הילד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויגמל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משתה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- הגמל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- יצחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 21:1–7 (structural): Immediate context: the miraculous birth of Isaac and God’s promise fulfilled; verse 8 is the narrative follow‑through — the child grows, is weaned, and a celebratory feast is held.
- 1 Samuel 1:24–28 (thematic): Hannah weans Samuel and brings him to the sanctuary (with offerings); parallels the motif of weaning as a turning point leading to religious action and communal celebration.
- Judges 13:24–25 (verbal): Similar language and theme — 'the child grew' describing Samson’s development and God’s blessing, echoing the short formula in Gen 21:8 (child grows/ is blessed after birth).
- Luke 1:57–66 (thematic): After the birth of John the Baptist the family and neighbors hold a celebratory gathering and naming; parallels the social-religious celebration that follows an important or divinely‑noted birth in Gen 21:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the child grew and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast on the day Isaac was weaned.
- And the child grew and was weaned; and Abraham made a great feast on the day Isaac was weaned.
Gen.21.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg
- שרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגר: NOUN,f,sg,def,prop
- המצרית: ADJ,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ילדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לאברהם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מצחק: PART,piel,ptc,m,sg,act
Parallels
- Genesis 16:4-6 (structural): Earliest stage of the Hagar–Sarai conflict: Hagar conceives by Abram and Sarai treats her harshly — background to the later tension when Sarah sees Hagar’s son 'mensing' (mocking/playing).
- Genesis 21:10-14 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Sarah demands that Hagar and her son be sent away because of the son’s behavior; God instructs Abraham to heed Sarah — direct consequence of Gen 21:9.
- Galatians 4:22-31 (thematic): Paul interprets the Hagar/Sarah episode allegorically: Hagar representing the old covenant (bondwoman) and Ishmael the fleshly son, versus Sarah and Isaac as children of promise — uses the Genesis episode to make a theological point about two covenants.
- Galatians 4:29 (verbal): Paul explicitly paraphrases the Genesis situation: 'he who was born according to the flesh persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit,' treating Ishmael’s mockery as a paradigm for present persecution.
- Romans 9:7-8 (thematic): Paul’s argument about true children of Abraham being defined by promise (through Isaac) echoes the Gen 21 conflict between Ishmael (born according to the flesh) and Isaac (child of promise), underlining the distinction between biological descent and covenantal promise.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, laughing in mockery.
- And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, mocking.
Gen.21.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לאברהם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- גרש: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- האמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- יירש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- עם: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עם: PREP
- יצחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.21.9-14 (structural): Immediate narrative context—Sarah's demand to Abraham and the ensuing expulsion of Hagar and Ishmael, which provides the background and outcome for v.10.
- Gal.4.30 (quotation): Paul directly echoes Genesis 21:10 ('Cast out the slave woman and her son...') to make an allegorical point about two covenants.
- Gal.4.22-31 (allusion): Paul recounts and interprets the Hagar/Sarah episode as an allegory (bondwoman vs. free woman) contrasting law and promise; he relies on the same inheritance/distinction expressed in Gen 21:10.
- Rom.9:8-9 (thematic): Contrast between 'children of the flesh' and 'children of the promise' (Isaac as child of promise) echoes the issue of legitimate inheritance and covenantal status raised in Gen 21:10.
- Deut.21:15-17 (thematic): Laws on inheritance and rights of children (including rights of the firstborn) provide a legal background to the concerns about who will 'inherit' alongside Isaac expressed in Gen 21:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- And she said to Abraham, Drive out this slave-woman and her son, for the son of this slave-woman shall not inherit with my son—with Isaac.
- And she said to Abraham, Cast out this slave-woman and her son; for the son of this slave-woman shall not inherit with my son, with Isaac.
Gen.21.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירע: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מאד: ADV
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- אודת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
Parallels
- Gen.21:10 (structural): Immediate narrative context: Sarah demands that Hagar and Ishmael be sent away, which prompts Abraham’s distress in v.11.
- Gen.21:12-13 (structural): Direct continuation: God responds to Abraham’s distress, instructing him to obey Sarah and promising care for Ishmael — the same episode’s resolution.
- Gen.37:34-35 (thematic): Jacob’s extreme grief at the apparent loss of Joseph (tearing his clothes, mourning) parallels the theme of a father’s anguish over the fate of a son.
- 2 Sam.12:15-23 (thematic): David’s deep sorrow over his sick and dying child illustrates similar parental distress and mourning over a child’s threatened or actual loss.
- Job 1:18-20 (thematic): Job’s reaction to the sudden death of his children (tearing his robe, mourning) parallels the motif of intense parental grief in the face of calamity affecting one’s sons.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the matter was very grievous in Abraham’s eyes on account of his son.
- And the matter was very displeasing in the eyes of Abraham on account of his son.
Gen.21.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אל: NEG
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- ירע: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- בעיניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,2,ms
- על: PREP
- הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- אמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m,sg
- כל: DET
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תאמר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- שרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שמע: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- בקלה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- ביצחק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יקרא: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Romans 9:7-9 (quotation): Paul explicitly cites Genesis' formula 'through Isaac shall your offspring be called' to argue that the promise is based on the child of promise (Isaac), not mere biological descent.
- Genesis 17:19-21 (verbal): God's earlier promise that Sarah will bear a son (Isaac) and that the covenant will be established with him parallels Gen 21:12's designation of Isaac as the bearer of Abraham's seed; both passages contrast the roles of Isaac and Ishmael.
- Genesis 21:9-10 (structural): Immediate narrative context: Sarah demands that Abraham cast out Hagar and Ishmael, prompting God's directive in 21:12 to heed Sarah because Isaac is the child of promise.
- Galatians 4:21-31 (allusion): Paul uses the Hagar/Sarah episode as an allegory of two covenants, interpreting Ishmael and Isaac as representing slavery and freedom; he draws on the same distinction between the son of the slave and the son of the promise (Isaac).
- Hebrews 11:11-12 (thematic): Sarah is portrayed as the mother of the child born by God's promise; the passage emphasizes faith and the fulfillment of promise in Isaac, echoing Gen 21:12's focus on Isaac as the child of promise.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God said to Abraham, Let it not be grievous in your eyes on account of the boy and on account of your slave-woman. All that Sarah says to you, listen to her voice, for through Isaac shall your offspring be named for you.
- And God said to Abraham, Let it not be displeasing in your eyes because of the boy and because of your slave-woman; whatever Sarah says to you, listen to her voice, for in Isaac shall your offspring be named.
Gen.21.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וגם: CONJ
- את: PRT,acc
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשימנו: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- כי: CONJ
- זרעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.17:20 (verbal): God's promise that Ishmael will be made into a great nation—language and promise closely parallel 'I will make him a nation' and identify him as Abraham's seed.
- Gen.16:10-12 (thematic): Hagar's oracle that her son Ishmael will be multiplied and become a great nation; anticipates and thematically parallels the divine promise in 21:13.
- Gen.25:12-18 (structural): Genealogical account of Ishmael's twelve sons and their settlements—narrative fulfillment/illustration of the promise that Ishmael would become a nation.
- Gal.4:22-31 (allusion): Paul's allegory contrasts the 'son of the bondwoman' (Ishmael) with the son of the free woman (Isaac), directly alluding to the Hagar/Ishmael tradition and reinterpreting its theological significance.
- Rom.9:7-8 (thematic): Paul distinguishes physical descent from the true seed of promise ('not all who are of Israel are Israel'), engaging the issue raised by Genesis about Abraham's offspring and the seed of promise—relevant to understanding Ishmael's status.
Alternative generated candidates
- And also the son of the slave-woman I will make into a nation, for he is your offspring.
- And also the son of the slave-woman I will make into a nation, for he is your offspring.
Gen.21.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישכם: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבקר: PREP
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחמת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הגר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- שם: ADV
- על: PREP
- שכמה: NOUN,f,sg,suff,3,f
- ואת: CONJ
- הילד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וישלחה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ותלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ותתע: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- במדבר: PREP
- באר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
Parallels
- Genesis 21:15-19 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Hagar and Ishmael wander in the desert after being sent away and God provides a well and saves the boy — completes the events set in motion in 21:14.
- Genesis 16:7-14 (allusion): Earlier episode of Hagar in the wilderness where an angel/angelic messenger finds her at a spring (Beer‑lahai‑roi); parallels motifs of flight, divine notice, and survival in the desert.
- 1 Kings 19:4-8 (verbal): Elijah in the wilderness is strengthened by food and water supplied by an angel — the specific pairing of 'bread' and 'water' as divine sustenance for one in exile echoes Gen 21:14's provisions.
- Exodus 2:3-10 (thematic): Motif of a vulnerable child placed in peril/outside human protection (Moses set afloat; Hagar sent away with Ishmael) followed by rescue/care — parallels themes of abandonment, providence, and survival.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Abraham rose early in the morning and took bread and a skin of water and gave them to Hagar; he put the skin on her shoulder and placed the child with her, and he sent her away. And she went and wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
- And Abraham rose early in the morning and took bread and a skin of water, and gave them to Hagar, placing them on her shoulder, along with the child, and sent her away; and she went and wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
Gen.21.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויכלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מן: PREP
- החמת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ותשלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הילד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תחת: PREP
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- השיחם: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Genesis 16:7-14 (verbal): Hagar's earlier wilderness encounter where 'the angel of the LORD found her by a spring of water' and she names God who sees—parallels motifs of Hagar alone, thirst, divine appearance, and God's notice.
- Genesis 21:17-19 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: God hears Ishmael, the angel instructs Hagar to lift the child, and God opens her eyes to a well—resolution of the crisis begun in 21:15.
- Exodus 2:3-4 (thematic): Moses' mother places him among the reeds at the river—shared motif of placing a vulnerable/abandoned infant in vegetation to preserve life.
- Psalm 107:4-9 (thematic): Description of those wandering in the desert, fainting for thirst, crying to the LORD, and being led to water—echoes theme of distress, divine hearing, and provision of water.
- Luke 2:7 (thematic): The newborn Jesus laid in a manger—another instance of an infant placed in an exposed/other-than-domestic setting, highlighting vulnerability and subsequent divine care.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the water from the skin was spent, and she set the child under one of the bushes.
- And the water from the skin was spent, and she set the child down under one of the shrubs.
Gen.21.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ותשב: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- מנגד: ADV
- הרחק: ADV
- כמטחוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אמרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אל: NEG
- אראה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- במות: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הילד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ותשב: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- מנגד: ADV
- ותשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- קלה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- ותבך: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Gen.16:7-14 (structural): Same character and wilderness motif: Hagar earlier flees into the desert, meets the angel, and receives the promise about Ishmael — establishes the 'Hagar-in-the-wilderness' narrative and the name El‑Roi ('God who sees me').
- Exod.2:4 (verbal): Uses the same posture/phrase of watching 'from afar' (מנגד); Moses' sister 'stood afar off' to see what would be done — a similar image of an observer at a distance.
- 1 Sam.1:10-11,19-20 (thematic): Hannah's bitter weeping and petition for a child parallels Hagar's anguish over her son and the theme of barrenness, maternal distress, and divine intervention on behalf of the child.
- Exod.2:24-25 (thematic): Theme of God hearing cries in distress: God 'heard' the groaning of Israel (and remembered his covenant). This parallels the immediate theological response to Hagar's weeping (God hears Ishmael).
Alternative generated candidates
- And she went and sat down opposite, at a distance like a bowshot, for she said, Let me not see the death of the child. And she sat opposite and lifted up her voice and wept.
- And she went and sat herself opposite, at a distance as far as a bowshot; for she said, Let me not see the death of the child. And she sat opposite, and lifted up her voice and wept.
Gen.21.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אל: NEG
- הגר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- מה: PRON,int
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- הגר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- תיראי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אל: NEG
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- באשר: CONJ
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- Genesis 16:7-13 (structural): Earlier angelic encounter with Hagar — the angel of the LORD finds her in distress, speaks from God, promises offspring and reassures her (parallel situation and divine/angelic speech to Hagar).
- Psalm 34:6 (thematic): ‘This poor man cried, and the LORD heard…’ — theme of God hearing the cry of the afflicted and delivering them, echoing God hearing the boy’s voice.
- Psalm 22:24 (thematic): ‘He has not hidden his face from him; when he cried to him, he heard’ — similar affirmation that God hears those in distress when they cry out.
- Judges 6:12-23 (structural): The angel of the LORD appears to a fearful person (Gideon), speaks words that remove fear and announce God’s presence — parallel pattern of angelic reassurance and divine commissioning.
- Luke 2:10-11 (verbal): The angelic proclamation ‘Fear not… behold, I bring you good tidings’ — parallels the angel’s ‘Do not fear’ reassurance and the theme of divine intervention announced by an angel.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God heard the voice of the boy, and the angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, What troubles you, Hagar? Do not fear, for God has heard the voice of the boy where he is.
- And God heard the voice of the boy; and the angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, What is the matter, Hagar? Do not fear, for God has heard the voice of the boy where he is.
Gen.21.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- קומי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- שאי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והחזיקי: CONJ+VERB,hiph,imp,2,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- לגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- אשימנו: VERB,hiph,impf,1,sg
Parallels
- Gen.17:20 (verbal): God's earlier promise concerning Ishmael uses the same pledge: 'I will make him a great nation,' directly paralleling the promise given here.
- Gen.16:10 (thematic): The angel's promise to Hagar in the wilderness—'I will multiply thy seed exceedingly'—echoes the theme of fertility and nationhood promised to Hagar/Ishmael.
- Gen.12:2 (thematic): God's foundational promise to Abram, 'I will make of thee a great nation,' provides the larger covenantal theme of descendants and nationhood that frames the promise to Ishmael.
- Gen.21:17 (structural): Immediate context: God hears the boy's voice and the angel speaks to Hagar, commanding her to 'lift up the lad' and reiterating the promise—this verse is the direct narrative precursor and close parallel in wording and action.
- Gal.4:22-31 (allusion): Paul's allegorical use of Hagar and Ishmael contrasts the child of the bondwoman with the child of the free woman, presupposing the promise made to Hagar/Ishmael and treating it as the basis for later theological reflection.
Alternative generated candidates
- Rise, lift up the boy and hold him by the hand, for I will make him into a great nation.
- Arise, lift up the boy, and take hold of him with your hand; for I will make him a great nation.
Gen.21.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויפקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עיניה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3fs
- ותרא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- באר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ותלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ותמלא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- החמת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ותשק: VERB,hif,impf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.21.17 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel in the same episode: God hears the boy (Ishmael) and intervenes; verse 19 continues the divine provision by opening Hagar’s eyes to a well.
- Gen.16.13 (allusion): Hagar’s earlier encounter with God in the wilderness (calling him 'El‑Roi, the God who sees me') frames Genesis 21:19’s motif of God seeing and providing for her and her son.
- Gen.24:13–20 (thematic): Rebekah at the well who draws and gives water to a stranger and his camels — a parallel scene of finding water at a well and offering life‑giving drink to others.
- John 4:7–15 (thematic): Jesus’ conversation with the Samaritan woman at the well uses the well and water imagery to portray divine provision of life—echoing the motif of God supplying water to satisfy need in Genesis 21:19.
- Isa.41:17–18 (thematic): Prophetic promise that God will meet the needs of the poor and thirsty by opening springs and rivers in the desert—theological parallel to God opening Hagar’s eyes to water in the wilderness.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water; and she went and filled the skin with water and gave the boy drink.
- And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water; and she went and filled the skin with water and gave the boy drink.
Gen.21.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויגדל: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- רבה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- קשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.21:19 (structural): Immediate narrative context — God provides for Hagar and Ishmael in the desert (God opens Hagar's eyes to a well), directly connected to Ishmael's survival and dwelling in the wilderness.
- Gen.16:11-12 (allusion): Prophecy about Ishmael ('a wild man; his hand against everyone') thematically aligns with Ishmael's life in the wilderness and the characterization implied by 'became an archer.'
- Gen.25:12-18 (structural): Summary of Ishmael's descendants and their settlement ('dwelt from Havilah to Shur'), echoing the motif of Ishmael's dwelling in desert regions and his legacy among nomadic tribes.
- Gen.39:2 (verbal): Uses the same formula 'The LORD was with...' (here of Joseph) linking divine presence with personal prospering and development — parallels 'And God was with the lad; and he grew.'
Alternative generated candidates
- And God was with the boy, and he grew, and he lived in the wilderness and became a skilled bowman.
- And God was with the boy, and he grew, and he dwelt in the wilderness, and he became an archer.
Gen.21.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פארן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Gen.25:12-18 (verbal): Continuation of the account of Ishmael and his descendants; reiterates where Ishmael and his offspring settled (territories bordering Egypt) and complements Gen 21:21’s note that Ishmael lived in the wilderness and had family ties to Egypt.
- Gen.16:1-4 (thematic): Introduces Hagar as an Egyptian and the origin of Ishmael’s mother; thematically links Gen 21:21’s detail that Ishmael’s wife came from Egypt to the broader motif of Egyptian women entering the patriarchal family.
- Num.10:12 (structural): Mentions the Israelites’ departure into the wilderness of Paran; provides geographic overlap with Gen 21:21’s setting and helps locate Ishmael’s residence within the biblical landscape.
- Gen.37:25-28 (allusion): Describes a company of Ishmaelites (with Midianites) traveling toward Egypt to trade; alludes to the longstanding connection between Ishmael’s descendants and routes linking their region with Egypt, echoing Gen 21:21’s Egyptian marital link.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he lived in the wilderness of Paran, and his mother took for him a wife from the land of Egypt.
- And he dwelt in the wilderness of Paran; and his mother took for him a wife from the land of Egypt.
And the child grew and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast on the day Isaac was weaned. And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, laughing. And she said to Abraham, "Drive out this maidservant and her son, for the son of this maidservant shall not inherit with my son, with Isaac." And the matter was very grievous in Abraham’s eyes on account of his son. And God said to Abraham, "Do not let it be grievous in your eyes because of the boy and because of your maidservant. Whatever Sarah says to you, listen to her voice, for in Isaac shall your seed be called."
"And also the son of the maidservant I will make into a nation, for he is your seed." And Abraham rose early in the morning and took bread and a skin of water and gave them to Hagar, placing them on her shoulder, and gave her the child, and sent her away. And she went and wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba. And the water from the skin was spent, and she cast the child under one of the bushes. And she went and sat down opposite, at a distance, about a bowshot away; for she said, "Let me not look upon the death of the child." And she sat opposite, and lifted up her voice and wept. And God heard the voice of the boy, and the angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, "What troubles you, Hagar? Do not fear, for God has heard the voice of the boy where he is.
"Rise, lift up the boy, and take him by the hand, for I will make him into a great nation." And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water; and she went and filled the skin with water and gave the boy drink. And God was with the boy, and he grew; and he dwelt in the wilderness and became an archer. And he dwelt in the wilderness of Paran, and his mother took for him a wife from the land of Egypt.