The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope
Isaiah 2:1-6
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Isa.2.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ישעיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמוץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וירושלם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 1:1 (verbal): Introductory superscription naming the prophet and linking his oracle to Judah and Jerusalem—very close in form and scope to Isaiah's opening formula.
- Micah 1:1 (verbal): Superscription announcing Micah's oracle; explicitly states the vision concerns Samaria and Jerusalem, paralleling Isaiah's focus on Judah and Jerusalem.
- Zephaniah 1:1 (verbal): Prophetic introduction giving the prophet's name and historical setting; like Isaiah 2:1 it functions as the book's opening superscription for oracles about Judah.
- Amos 1:1 (structural): Another prophetic opening that identifies the prophet and the initial oracle(s); parallels Isaiah in its role as a formal heading introducing subsequent visions and judgments.
Alternative generated candidates
- The word that Isaiah son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.
- The word that Isaiah son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.
Isa.2.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- באחרית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- נכון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בראש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ונשא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מגבעות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ונהרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Micah 4:1-2 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and imagery (’in the latter days,’ the mountain of the Lord exalted, and all nations streaming to it); Micah closely parallels Isaiah’s oracle.
- Zechariah 8:20-23 (thematic): Speaks of many peoples and strong nations coming to seek the LORD in Jerusalem and entreat his favor, echoing the theme of nations pilgrimage to God's mountain.
- Isaiah 56:7 (structural): Describes the temple as a ’house of prayer for all peoples,’ linking the exalted house of the LORD with inclusion of the nations.
- Revelation 21:24 (allusion): Depicts nations walking by the light of the new city and bringing their glory into it, reflecting the eschatological gathering of nations to God’s place.
- Psalm 86:9 (thematic): Affirms that all nations made by God will worship before him, resonating with the universal pilgrimage to the LORD’s mountain in Isaiah 2:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the latter days the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established as the highest of the mountains; it shall be exalted above the hills, and all the nations shall stream to it.
- In the last days the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established as the highest of the mountains; it shall be raised above the hills, and all the nations shall stream to it.
Isa.2.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והלכו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ואמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לכו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- ונעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,pl
- אל: NEG
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וירנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מדרכיו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss3,m,sg
- ונלכה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,_,pl
- בארחתיו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- מציון: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,abs
- תצא: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms
- תורה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ודבר: VERB,qal,fut,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Micah 4:2 (verbal): Nearly identical wording — many nations coming to 'go up to the mountain of the LORD' and for 'the law'/'word' to go out of Zion; Micah closely echoes Isaiah's language.
- Psalm 122:1-4 (thematic): Expresses the same communal impulse to go to the house of the LORD in Jerusalem ('I was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the house of the LORD'), emphasizing pilgrimage and unity around Zion.
- Zechariah 8:20-23 (thematic): Foretells many peoples and languages coming to seek the LORD in Jerusalem — a later prophetic expansion of the motif of nations coming to Zion to learn God's ways.
- Isaiah 56:7 (thematic): Speaks of the house of prayer for all nations and foreigners drawing near to God's house, connecting the universalizing vision of nations worshiping and learning in Zion.
- Acts 2:5,11 (allusion): At Pentecost people from many nations gathered in Jerusalem and heard God's mighty works proclaimed — an NT scene that echoes the prophetic image of nations coming to Jerusalem to hear the word of the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- Many peoples will come and say, "Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; that he may teach us his ways, and we may walk in his paths." For from Zion shall go forth instruction, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.
- Many peoples shall come and say, "Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; that he may teach us his ways, and we may walk in his paths." For instruction shall go out from Zion, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.
Isa.2.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושפט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בין: PREP
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והוכיח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לעמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- וכתתו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
- חרבותם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,m,pl
- לאתים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וחניתותיהם: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,m,pl
- למזמרות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- ישא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- ילמדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עוד: ADV
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Micah 4:3 (verbal): Nearly identical language and imagery (judging the nations; beating swords into plowshares). Micah 4:3 and Isaiah 2:4 present the same eschatological vision and are often treated as literary parallels or shared tradition.
- Isaiah 11:6-9 (thematic): Another Isaianic messianic vision of universal peace—harmonious relations among creatures and peoples and an end to violence (‘they shall not hurt or destroy’), echoing the end-of-war theme in 2:4.
- Zechariah 9:9-10 (thematic): Speaks of a coming king who will proclaim peace to the nations and ends war (breaking chariots and ceasing battle)—a later prophetic expression of the same eschatological peace motif.
- Habakkuk 2:14 (thematic): Declares that the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the LORD, a complementary theme to Isaiah 2’s portrayal of nations streaming to Zion and the resulting end of war and learning of God’s ways.
Alternative generated candidates
- He will judge between the nations and decide disputes for many peoples; they shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, nor shall they learn war any more.
- He will judge between the nations and settle disputes for many peoples. They shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.
Isa.2.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לכו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- ונלכה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,_,pl
- באור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Micah 4:2 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel: Micah echoes Isaiah’s language about the mountain of the Lord and peoples coming to 'walk in the light' of the LORD.
- Isaiah 60:1-3 (thematic): Develops the motif of divine light drawing nations and causing glory to rise on Israel—same theme of walking in the LORD’s light.
- Zechariah 8:23 (thematic): Vision of nations and peoples seeking out Israel because God’s presence (and its benefits) is with them—parallel to peoples coming to the light of the LORD.
- John 8:12 (allusion): Jesus’ declaration 'I am the light of the world' and call to follow him echoes the prophetic call to 'walk in the light of the LORD.'
- Ephesians 5:8 (thematic): Christian ethical use of the light/darkness motif: believers are 'light in the Lord' and instructed to 'walk as children of light,' reflecting Isaiah’s summons.
Alternative generated candidates
- House of Jacob, come; let us walk in the light of the LORD.
- House of Jacob, come; let us walk in the light of the LORD.
Isa.2.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- נטשתה: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- מלאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מקדם: PREP
- ועננים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כפלשתים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובילדי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נכרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ישפיקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 1:4 (verbal): Both verses indict the people for forsaking the LORD and describe moral/religious corruption in the house of Israel (language of abandonment and culpability).
- Hosea 4:12 (thematic): Condemns Israel for seeking guidance from idols/objects rather than God—parallels Isaiah 2:6's charge that they rely on soothsayers/foreign practices.
- 2 Kings 17:7-18 (esp. vv. 15, 33) (structural): Narrative account of Israel's exile because they abandoned the LORD and adopted foreign gods and customs—closely parallels Isaiah's accusation of filling themselves with eastern/foreign influences and diviners.
- Jeremiah 2:11-13 (thematic): Jeremiah laments the people exchanging the true God for worthless things and pursuing other sources of help—echoes Isaiah's theme of turning to foreign counsels and soothsayers.
Alternative generated candidates
- For you have forsaken your people, O house of Jacob: they are filled with influence from the east and are like the Philistines in their ways, and they mingle with the children of foreigners.
- For you have abandoned your people, O house of Jacob: you are filled from the east, you practise soothsaying like the Philistines, and you join hands with the children of foreigners.
The word that Isaiah son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. And it shall come to pass in the latter days: the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established as the head of the mountains and shall be exalted above the hills; and all the nations shall stream to it.
Many peoples will go and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; he will teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths.” For out of Zion shall go forth instruction, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.
He will judge between the nations and will arbitrate for many peoples; they shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, nor shall they learn war any more.
O house of Jacob, come, let us walk in the light of the LORD.
For you have forsaken your people, O house of Jacob; they are filled with eastern ways, practice divination like the Philistines, and make alliances with foreign peoples.