The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship
Mark 10:17-31
Mark.10.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- εκπορευομενου: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,gen,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- οδον: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- προσδραμων: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- και: CONJ
- γονυπετησας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- επηρωτα: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτον·Διδασκαλε: PRON,acc,sg,m+NOUN,voc,sg,m
- αγαθε: ADJ,voc,sg,m
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- ποιησω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- ινα: CONJ
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αιωνιον: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- κληρονομησω: VERB,aor,act,subj,1,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 19:16 (structural): A near-verbatim parallel account of the same episode: a man asks Jesus (Teacher) what good deed he must do to have eternal life; similar wording and sequence.
- Luke 18:18 (structural): Luke's parallel telling of the same incident—same question posed to Jesus about inheriting eternal life, with comparable dialogue and outcome.
- Luke 10:25 (thematic): Another instance where an interlocutor asks Jesus (or an expert in the law asks) 'What shall I do to inherit eternal life?'—thematic parallel regarding the question of how to attain eternal life.
- Matthew 19:21 (verbal): Parallel to Jesus' response in Mark's account (cf. Mark 10:21): Jesus tells the man to sell his possessions, give to the poor, and follow him—a decisive answer to the man's question about obtaining eternal life.
Alternative generated candidates
- And as he was setting out on his way, one ran up, knelt before him, and asked him, 'Good Teacher, what shall I do that I may inherit eternal life?'
- And as he was setting out on his way, a man ran up, knelt before him, and asked him, 'Good teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?'
Mark.10.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω·Τι: PRON,dat,3,sg
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- λεγεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- αγαθον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- αγαθος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- μη: PART
- εις: PREP
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 19:17 (verbal): Direct synoptic parallel—Jesus responds to the man's calling him 'good' with the same rhetorical question and assertion that only God is truly good (near-verbatim wording).
- Luke 18:19 (verbal): Another synoptic parallel recording the same exchange; Luke preserves the identical rebuke/question and the claim that 'no one is good—except God.'
- Psalm 14:3 (thematic): Old Testament background: 'There is none who does good, not even one' underscores the theme that true goodness belongs to God and highlights human moral inability, echoing Jesus' contrast between God and human goodness.
- Romans 3:10 (thematic): Paul's quotation of the Psalms ('None is righteous, no, not one') parallels Mark's implied point that humans are not truly good in themselves, reinforcing the claim that ultimate goodness belongs to God alone.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus said to him, 'Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone.'
- Jesus said to him, 'Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone.'
Mark.10.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- εντολας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- οιδας·Μη: VERB,perf,act,ind,2,sg
- φονευσης: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,sg
- Μη: PART
- μοιχευσης: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,sg
- Μη: PART
- κλεψης: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,sg
- Μη: PART
- ψευδομαρτυρησης: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,sg
- Μη: PART
- αποστερησης: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,sg
- Τιμα: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- μητερα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Matthew 19:18-19 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel in Matthew where Jesus lists the same commandments in response to the rich young man (do not murder, commit adultery, steal, bear false witness; honor father and mother).
- Luke 18:20 (verbal): Lukan parallel giving the same catalogue of commandments as cited by Jesus when addressing the question about inheriting eternal life.
- Exodus 20:12-16 (quotation): Portion of the Decalogue (Ten Commandments) that includes honor your parents, and prohibitions against murder, adultery, theft, and false witness—source background for Jesus' list.
- Deuteronomy 5:16-20 (quotation): Deuteronomic formulation of the Ten Commandments parallel to Exodus; reaffirms the same prohibitions and the command to honor father and mother cited by Jesus.
- Romans 13:9 (thematic): Paul cites several of the same commandments (e.g., 'You shall not commit adultery, you shall not murder, you shall not steal, you shall not covet') to argue that love fulfills the law—thematically connected moral list.
Alternative generated candidates
- 'You know the commandments: “Do not murder; do not commit adultery; do not steal; do not bear false witness; do not defraud; honor your father and your mother.”'
- 'You know the commandments,' he said, 'Do not murder; do not commit adultery; do not steal; do not bear false witness; honor your father and your mother.'
Mark.10.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εφη: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω·Διδασκαλε: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- εφυλαξαμην: VERB,aor,mid,ind,1,sg
- εκ: PREP
- νεοτητος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
Parallels
- Matthew 19:20 (verbal): Matthew preserves the same reply from the rich young man—'Teacher, all these I have kept from my youth'—using nearly identical wording to Mark 10:20.
- Luke 18:21 (verbal): Luke records the same statement by the young ruler with very similar language; part of the Synoptic parallel to Mark's pericope.
- Matthew 19:16-22 (structural): The entire Matthean pericope parallels Mark 10:17-22: the question about inheriting eternal life, the man's claim to have kept the commandments, Jesus' counsel to sell and give, and the man's reaction.
- Luke 18:18-23 (structural): Luke's extended account matches Mark's narrative structure (question, claim to obedience from youth, Jesus' testing demand, and the man's refusal), showing the same episode in Lukan form.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said to him, 'Teacher, I have kept all these from my youth.'
- And he replied, 'Teacher, all these I have kept from my youth.'
Mark.10.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εμβλεψας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ηγαπησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω·Εν: PRON,dat,sg,m
- σε: PRON,acc,sg,2
- υστερει·υπαγε: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- οσα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- εχεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- πωλησον: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- και: CONJ
- δος: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- πτωχοις: ADJ,dat,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- εξεις: VERB,fut,act,ind,2,sg
- θησαυρον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- δευρο: ADV
- ακολουθει: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg
- μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
Parallels
- Matthew 19:21 (verbal): Synoptic parallel—Jesus gives almost the same command to sell possessions, give to the poor, and follow him (Matthew adds the 'If you would be perfect' preface).
- Luke 18:22 (verbal): Synoptic parallel—Luke reports the same instruction to sell all, distribute to the poor, and follow Jesus; Luke emphasizes 'all' and the distribution element.
- Matthew 6:19-21 (thematic): Shared teaching about storing up 'treasures in heaven' rather than on earth; echoes the promised heavenly treasure in Mark's instruction.
- Luke 12:33-34 (thematic): Jesus' command to sell possessions and give to the poor and the statement that where one's treasure is shows the same ethic of detachment and heavenly reward reflected in Mark 10:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus, looking at him, loved him, and said to him, 'One thing you lack: go, sell whatever you have, give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; then come, follow me.'
- Looking at him, Jesus loved him and said, 'One thing you lack: go, sell what you have, give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; then come, follow me.'
Mark.10.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- στυγνασας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,m,sg
- επι: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- λογω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- απηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- λυπουμενος: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,nom,m,sg
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: PART
- εχων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- κτηματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- πολλα: ADJ,acc,pl,n
Parallels
- Matthew 19:22 (verbal): Matthew's parallel narrative: the young man goes away sorrowful for he had many possessions—nearly identical report of his reaction.
- Luke 18:23 (verbal): Luke's parallel: likewise records the ruler leaving in sorrow because he was very rich, matching the verbal detail and outcome.
- Mark 10:21 (structural): Immediate context in Mark: Jesus tells him to sell all, give to the poor and follow; this instruction explains why the man departs sorrowful.
- Luke 12:15-21 (thematic): Parable of the rich fool warns against greed and storing up earthly wealth; thematically echoes the danger of attachment to possessions that prevents discipleship.
Alternative generated candidates
- But he was grieved at the word, and he went away sorrowful, for he had many possessions.
- But he was dismayed at the saying, and went away sorrowful, for he had great possessions.
Mark.10.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- περιβλεψαμενος: PART,aor,mid,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- μαθηταις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- αυτου·Πως: PRON,gen,sg,m+ADV
- δυσκολως: ADV
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- χρηματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- εχοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εισελευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 19:23 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel in Matthew where Jesus says it is hard for the rich to enter the kingdom of heaven; conveys the same teaching in the Synoptic parallel to Mark 10:23.
- Luke 18:24 (verbal): Luke's parallel recounts Jesus' astonishment and the same pronouncement about the difficulty for the rich to enter God's kingdom, closely matching Mark's wording and meaning.
- Mark 10:25 (structural): Immediate follow-up verse in Mark uses the camel/eye-of-needle image to illustrate and intensify the point made in 10:23, forming a linked structural unit explaining the difficulty.
- Matthew 6:24 (thematic): Jesus' teaching that one cannot serve both God and Mammon addresses the same issue of wealth as a competing loyalty that hinders participation in God's kingdom.
- 1 Timothy 6:9-10 (thematic): Paulic warning about the dangers and ruin brought by the desire for riches echoes the ethical and soteriological concern that wealth can obstruct right relation to God and the community.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus, looking around, said to his disciples, 'How difficult it will be for those who have riches to enter the kingdom of God!'
- And Jesus, looking around, said to his disciples, 'How hard it will be for those who have wealth to enter the kingdom of God!'
Mark.10.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- μαθηται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- εθαμβουντο: VERB,impf,mp,ind,3,pl
- επι: PREP
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- λογοις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- παλιν: ADV
- αποκριθεις: VERB,aor,pass,ptc,nom,sg,m
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Τεκνα: PRON,dat,pl;NOUN,voc,pl,n
- πως: ADV
- δυσκολον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εισελθειν·: VERB,aor,act,inf
Parallels
- Matthew 19:23-24 (verbal): Very similar wording and context (rich man episode); Matthew records the same conclusion about the difficulty of entering God's kingdom and immediately follows with the camel/needle image.
- Luke 18:24 (verbal): Luke preserves a near-identical saying — 'How difficult it is for those who are rich to enter the kingdom of God' — reflecting the same astonishment and theme as Mark.
- Mark 10:25-27 (structural): Immediate literary continuation in Mark: Jesus elaborates with the camel/needle metaphor and explains that what is impossible for humans is possible with God.
- Luke 13:24 (thematic): Jesus' injunction to 'strive to enter through the narrow door' thematically echoes the difficulty and urgency of entering the kingdom mentioned in Mark 10:24.
- Matthew 7:13-14 (thematic): The 'narrow gate' saying underscores the general theme that entry into God's kingdom is difficult and not easy for many, paralleling Mark's assessment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus answered again and said to them, 'Children, how hard it is for those who trust in riches to enter the kingdom of God!'
- The disciples were astonished at his words. But Jesus answered them again, 'Children, how hard it is for those who rely on riches to enter the kingdom of God!'
Mark.10.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ευκοπωτερον: ADJ,comp,nom,sg,n
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- καμηλον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- δια: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- τρυμαλιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ραφιδος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- διελθειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- πλουσιον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εισελθειν: VERB,pres,mid,inf
Parallels
- Matthew 19:24 (verbal): Nearly identical wording in the Matthean tradition: the image of a camel and the eye of a needle to illustrate the difficulty for a rich person to enter God's kingdom.
- Luke 18:25 (verbal): Lukan parallel that preserves the same proverbial comparison emphasizing the same theological point about wealth and entrance to God's kingdom.
- 1 Timothy 6:9-10 (thematic): Paulic warning that the desire for wealth leads to ruin and spiritual harm (the love of money as root of evil), echoing Mark's concern about riches obstructing participation in God's kingdom.
- James 5:1-6 (thematic): A prophetic denunciation of the wealthy whose hoarding, oppression, and lack of compassion bring judgment — thematically linked to Jesus' critique of rich people's moral/spiritual peril.
Alternative generated candidates
- It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.'
- 'It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.'
Mark.10.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- περισσως: ADV
- εξεπλησσοντο: VERB,impf,mid/pass,ind,3,pl
- λεγοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,masc
- προς: PREP
- εαυτους·Και: PRON,acc,pl,m
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- δυναται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- σωθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
Parallels
- Matthew 19:25 (verbal): Direct parallel in Matthew’s version of the pericope; the disciples are likewise astonished and ask, “Who then can be saved?” (near-verbatim reaction).
- Luke 18:26 (verbal): Luke’s parallel to the same teaching: the hearers respond with the same rhetorical question, ‘Then who can be saved?’—a close verbal parallel.
- Mark 10:24 (structural): Immediate contextual parallel within Mark: Jesus’ saying about the difficulty for the rich to enter God’s kingdom (v.24) provokes the astonished question in v.26—same narrative sequence.
- Psalm 130:3-4 (thematic): An Old Testament rhetorical reflection on human inability to stand or be saved apart from God’s forgiveness (‘If you, O LORD, should mark iniquities, who could stand?’) — thematically echoes the disciples’ despairing question.
Alternative generated candidates
- They were greatly astonished, saying to one another, 'Then who can be saved?'
- And they were exceedingly astonished, saying to one another, 'Then who can be saved?'
Mark.10.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εμβλεψας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,sg
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- λεγει·Παρα: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ανθρωποις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- αδυνατον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- αλλ᾽ου: CONJ
- παρα: PREP
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- γαρ: PART
- δυνατα: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- παρα: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 19:26 (verbal): Almost identical saying in Matthew's parallel pericope: Jesus contrasts human impossibility with God's ability—same wording and theological point.
- Luke 18:27 (verbal): Luke's parallel of the same teaching: 'What is impossible with men is possible with God,' a close verbal and thematic match.
- Luke 1:37 (verbal): Mary/angelic affirmation, 'For nothing will be impossible with God,' echoing the same conviction that God makes the impossible possible.
- Mark 9:23 (thematic): Jesus declares 'All things are possible for one who believes,' echoing the motif of divine ability and linking possibility to faith in Mark's Gospel.
- Jeremiah 32:27 (allusion): God's rhetorical question 'I am the LORD... is anything too hard for me?' provides an Old Testament precedent for the claim that nothing is impossible for God.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus looked at them and said, 'With men it is impossible, but not with God; for all things are possible with God.'
- Jesus looked at them and said, 'With men it is impossible, but not with God; for with God all things are possible.'
Mark.10.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ηρξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- λεγειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αυτω·Ιδου: PRON,dat,sg,3+INTJ
- ημεις: PRON,nom,pl,1
- αφηκαμεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,pl
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- ηκολουθηκαμεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,pl
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
Parallels
- Matthew 19:27 (quotation): Peter's wording appears almost verbatim in Matthew's parallel (Peter: 'We have left everything and followed you') in response to Jesus' teaching about reward for those who leave.'
- Luke 18:28 (quotation): Luke's parallel records the same declaration by Peter after Jesus' teaching on wealth and the kingdom ('We have left everything and followed you').
- Luke 5:11 (verbal): When Jesus first calls the disciples, Luke records that they 'left everything and followed him,' echoing the exact language of leaving all to follow Jesus.
- Mark 1:18 (structural): In Mark's calling narrative the new disciples 'immediately left their nets and followed him,' a structural parallel highlighting the motif of abandoning possessions/occupation to follow Jesus.
- Luke 14:33 (thematic): Jesus' teaching that one must 'renounce all that he has' to be his disciple thematically parallels Peter's claim to have left everything to follow Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- Peter began to say to him, 'See, we have left everything and followed you.'
- Peter began to say to him, 'Look, we have left everything and followed you.'
Mark.10.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εφη: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους·Αμην: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- αφηκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- οικιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αδελφους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αδελφας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- μητερα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- τεκνα: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αγρους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- ενεκεν: PREP,gen
- εμου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- και: CONJ
- ενεκεν: PREP,gen
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ευαγγελιου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
Parallels
- Matthew 19:29 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel: lists leaving house and family for Jesus' sake and promises reward (hundredfold and eternal life).
- Luke 18:29-30 (verbal): Very similar wording and list of relations left for the sake of God's kingdom, with a promise of receiving many times over and eternal life.
- Matthew 19:27-30 (structural): Same pericope: Peter's question about rewards and Jesus' promise that those who left family and possessions will receive abundant recompense and inherit eternal life; reinforces Mark's teaching in context.
- Luke 14:26 (thematic): Different wording but the same theme of costly discipleship requiring the renunciation of family ties and ultimate allegiance to Jesus.
- Matthew 8:19-22 (thematic): Episode where Jesus calls would-be followers to abandon familial obligations (e.g., 'let the dead bury their own dead')—illustrates the demand to forsake home and family to follow him.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus said, 'Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or fields, for my sake and for the gospel,
- Jesus said, 'Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for my sake and for the gospel,
Mark.10.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εαν: CONJ
- μη: PART
- λαβη: VERB,aor,act,sub,3,sg
- εκατονταπλασιονα: ADJ,acc,pl,neut
- νυν: ADV
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- καιρω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- τουτω: DEM,dat,sg,m
- οικιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- αδελφους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αδελφας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- μητερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- τεκνα: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- και: CONJ
- αγρους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- μετα: PREP
- διωγμων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- αιωνι: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ερχομενω: PTCP,pres,mid,dat,sg,m
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αιωνιον: ADJ,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Matthew 19:29 (verbal): Almost identical promise of receiving a 'hundredfold' now and persecutions, and eternal life in the age to come—direct synoptic parallel to Mark's wording.
- Luke 18:29-30 (verbal): Luke's version of the promise that those who leave house, family, and possessions for Jesus will receive many times over now and in the age to come, echoing Mark's reward language.
- Matthew 16:24-27 (thematic): Jesus' call to lose one's life for his sake and the promise of future repayment/salvation at his coming parallels Mark's theme of sacrificial discipleship, present hardship (including persecution), and ultimate reward.
- Luke 14:26-33 (thematic): Strong teaching about renouncing family and possessions to be Jesus' disciple; thematically parallels Mark's list of those one may leave for the gospel and the cost/commitment required.
Alternative generated candidates
- who will not receive a hundredfold now in this present age—houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and fields—along with persecutions, and in the age to come eternal life.'
- who will not receive a hundredfold now in this time—houses, brothers, sisters, mothers, children, and fields—along with persecutions, and in the age to come eternal life.'
Mark.10.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- πολλοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- εσονται: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- πρωτοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- εσχατοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εσχατοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- πρωτοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Matthew 19:30 (verbal): Near-identical saying in Matthew's version of the same teaching: 'But many who are first will be last, and the last first.' (direct parallel in the discipleship context).
- Matthew 20:16 (verbal): Conclusion of the Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard: repeats the exact reversal formula 'So the last will be first, and the first last,' emphasizing divine reversal of expectations.
- Luke 13:30 (verbal): Luke records the same reversal motif in Jesus' teaching about the kingdom: 'Behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last,' a clear verbal parallel.
- Mark 9:35 (thematic): Earlier in Mark Jesus teaches that whoever wants to be first must be last and servant of all—the same theme of role reversal and servant leadership underlying 10:31.
Alternative generated candidates
- But many who are first will be last, and the last first.
- But many who are first will be last, and the last first.
And as he was setting out on his way, a man ran up and knelt before him and asked him, Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life? And Jesus said to him, Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone.
You know the commandments: Do not murder; do not commit adultery; do not steal; do not bear false witness; do not defraud; honor your father and mother. And he said to him, Teacher, all these I have kept from my youth. And Jesus, looking at him, loved him and said, One thing you lack: go, sell all that you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; then come, follow me. But he was dismayed at this word and went away grieving, for he had many possessions. And Jesus, looking around, said to his disciples, How difficult it will be for those who are rich to enter the kingdom of God! And the disciples were astonished at his words. But Jesus answered again, Children, how difficult it is for those who trust in riches to enter the kingdom of God!
It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.
They were exceedingly astonished and said to one another, Then who can be saved?
Jesus looked at them and said, With men it is impossible, but not with God; for with God all things are possible.
Peter began to say to him, See, we have left everything and followed you. And Jesus said, Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields, for my sake and for the gospel,
who will not receive a hundredfold now in this present time—houses, brothers, sisters, mothers, children, and fields—along with persecutions; and in the age to come, eternal life. But many who are first will be last, and the last first.