The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit
Jeremiah 27:1-22
Jer.27.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בראשית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ממלכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יהויקם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יאושיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ירמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאת: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Jeremiah 1:2-3 (verbal): Uses the same prophetic formula 'the word of the LORD came' and situates Jeremiah's message in the days of King Josiah, paralleling the opening wording and dating of Jer 27:1.
- Isaiah 1:1 (structural): Like Jer 27:1, Isaiah 1:1 introduces a prophetic message by dating it to the reigns of specific kings—a common structural device for situating prophetic oracles historically.
- Jeremiah 28:1 (structural): Begins with the nearly identical chronological formula 'in the beginning of the reign of...' to date a prophetic episode, mirroring the temporal framing in Jer 27:1.
- Ezekiel 1:3 (verbal): Contains the same introductory phrase 'the word of the LORD came to...' and provides a time marker for the prophet's vision, paralleling Jeremiah's opening prophetic commission/formula.
Alternative generated candidates
- At the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah this word came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying:
- At the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah, this word came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying:
Jer.27.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- מוסרות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ומטות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ונתתם: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- על: PREP
- צוארך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms_suff
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:6-11 (structural): Immediate contextual parallel in the same chapter: expands the command to make yokes and explains sending them to surrounding nations as a sign of submission to Babylon.
- Jeremiah 28:10-13 (structural): Closely related episode where the prophet Hananiah publicly removes and breaks the yoke from Jeremiah's neck, directly engaging the yoke imagery and Jeremiah's symbolic actions.
- Isaiah 10:27 (verbal): Uses the same verbal image of a yoke on the neck: 'the yoke will be broken'—a closely parallel metaphor of oppressive burden and its removal.
- Acts 15:10 (verbal): Peter speaks of 'putting a yoke on the neck' of Gentile believers regarding the law; reuses the yoke-on-neck metaphor to signify burden/obligation in a later theological context.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus said the LORD to me: Make for yourself yokes and bars, and put them upon your neck;
- Thus says the LORD to me: Make for yourself bonds and yokes, and put them on your neck.
Jer.27.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושלחתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- צר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- צידון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלאכים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הבאים: PART,qal,ptcp,masc,pl,def
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- צדקיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:2 (structural): Immediate context — the preceding verse gives the command to make bonds and yokes and to send them to these same kings; verse 3 continues the logistical instruction to send the messengers.
- Jeremiah 25:21-26 (thematic): A related oracle listing many of the same neighboring nations (Edom, Moab, Ammon, Tyre, Sidon, etc.) as objects of prophetic address and linked to Babylon's dominion and judgment.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel issues oracles against Ammon and Moab (and neighboring peoples), paralleling Jeremiah’s practice of addressing Israel’s immediate neighbors with prophetic messages about their fate.
- Ezekiel 26:1-6 (thematic): Prophetic pronouncement against Tyre (and by extension coastal city-states like Sidon) — parallels Jeremiah’s addressing of Tyre and Sidon among the neighboring kings to whom messages are sent.
- Obadiah 1:1,10-14 (allusion): Obadiah focuses on Edom and its relations with Judah; this provides a concentrated parallel to Jeremiah’s engagement with Edom as one of the regional powers named for prophetic communication or judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- and send them to the king of Edom, and to the king of Moab, and to the king of the Ammonites, and to the king of Tyre, and to the king of Sidon, by the messengers who come to Jerusalem to Zedekiah king of Judah.
- And send them to the king of Edom, and to the king of Moab, and to the king of the Ammonites, and to the king of Tyre, and to the king of Sidon, by the hand of the messengers who come to Jerusalem to Zedekiah king of Judah.
Jer.27.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצוית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- אדניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,pl
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כה: ADV
- תאמרו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- אדניכם: NOUN,m,sg,poss
Parallels
- Ezekiel 3:4-11 (structural): God commissions Ezekiel with a similar formula ('son of man, I send you') and instructs him to speak God's words to Israel—parallel in divine commissioning and the obligation to deliver a message to others.
- Deuteronomy 18:18 (thematic): God promises to raise up a prophet and put His words in the prophet's mouth—the broader theological theme of God-authorized speech and prophetic commission behind Jeremiah's command.
- Jeremiah 27:3 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding verse gives the action (making bands and yokes and sending them), to which verse 4 adds the command formula to speak to the masters—direct continuation of the same prophetic instruction.
- Jeremiah 26:3 (structural): Another Jeremiah passage using the 'Thus says the LORD' commissioning formula to instruct Jeremiah to stand in the temple court and speak to the people—parallel in prophetic duty and verbal formula.
- Isaiah 44:6 (verbal): Uses a closely related prophetic formula ('Thus says the LORD... the King of Israel, and his Redeemer')—a verbal parallel in the standard prophetic introduction identifying God and authorizing the message.
Alternative generated candidates
- And command them to their masters, saying, Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: So shall you say to your masters.
- And command them to their lords, saying: Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Thus shall you say to your lords.
Jer.27.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- עשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בכחי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr+PRON,1,sg
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ובזרועי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cstr+PRON,1,sg
- הנטויה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- ונתתיה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg+3fs
- לאשר: CONJ
- ישר: ADJ,m,sg
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 45:12 (verbal): Closely parallels language of divine creation: “I made the earth… I, even my hands, have stretched out the heavens,” echoing Jeremiah’s claim of making the earth by his outstretched arm.
- Genesis 1:28 (thematic): God grants humans authority over the earth and its creatures—Genesis’ granting of dominion to humanity parallels Jeremiah’s statement that God gives the land to whom he chooses.
- Psalm 24:1 (thematic): Affirms divine ownership of the earth (“The earth is the LORD’s”), corresponding to Jeremiah’s assertion of God as creator and disposer of the land.
- Psalm 115:16 (allusion): “The heavens are the LORD’s… the earth hath he given to the children of men” resonates with Jeremiah’s theme of God’s sovereignty in assigning the earth to others, though with a different emphasis on recipients.
Alternative generated candidates
- I made the earth, the man, and the animals that are on the face of the earth—by my great power and by my outstretched arm—and I gave them to whomsoever seemed right to me.
- I made the earth, the man, and the beast that are on the face of the ground by my great power and outstretched arm; and I have given them to whomsoever seemed right to me.
Jer.27.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועתה: CONJ
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הארצות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נבוכדנאצר: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- וגם: CONJ
- את: PRT,acc
- חית: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- לעבדו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss:3
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:9 (verbal): Uses the same idea and language: God commissions Nebuchadnezzar (king of Babylon) to take nations and put them under his hand as an instrument of judgment.
- Jeremiah 27:7 (verbal): Immediate context—continues the declaration that God has given the nations and their beasts into Nebuchadnezzar's hand, reinforcing the same claim in the surrounding verses.
- Daniel 4:17 (allusion): Declares that 'the Most High rules the kingdom of mankind and gives it to whom he will,' a theological parallel explaining divine appointment of Nebuchadnezzar to rule over other peoples.
- Habakkuk 1:6 (thematic): God announces raising the Chaldeans (Babylonians) as a harsh, efficient nation set over people to execute judgment, echoing the theme of God handing nations to Babylon.
- Isaiah 45:1 (thematic): God declares he will subdue nations before Cyrus and 'open doors' for him—a parallel motif of God granting foreign rulers victory and authority over other lands.
Alternative generated candidates
- And now I have given all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon my servant; and the beasts of the field I have given him also to serve him.
- And now I have given all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon my servant; and the beasts of the field I have given him also to serve him.
Jer.27.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ואת: CONJ
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- עד: PREP
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ארצו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,ms
- גם: ADV
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ועבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ומלכים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- גדלים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Daniel 2:37-38 (verbal): Nebuchadnezzar is described as ruler over peoples and nations—God has given him dominion, paralleling Jeremiah’s statement that all nations will serve him and his heirs.
- Daniel 4:34-35 (thematic): Daniel’s hymn about God’s sovereignty and Nebuchadnezzar’s exaltation among the nations echoes the theme that many peoples and great kings will serve Babylon’s king.
- Jeremiah 25:9-11 (allusion): Earlier Jeremiah prophecy announcing the rise of the king of the north (Babylon) and the exile (seventy years) provides the immediate prophetic context for nations serving Babylon.
- 2 Kings 24:1,13-16 (structural): The historical account of Nebuchadnezzar’s campaigns and the exile of Judah’s king and officials illustrates the fulfillment/historical background of foreign domination Jeremiah predicts.
- Psalm 72:11 (thematic): A royal/messianic image where all kings and nations bow and serve the king parallels the motif of diverse nations serving a central ruler (here applied to Babylon’s kings in Jeremiah).
Alternative generated candidates
- All the nations shall serve him, and his son, and his son's son, until the time of his own land comes; and many nations and great kings shall serve him.
- All the nations shall serve him, and his son, and his son's son, until the time of his own land comes; then he himself will return, and many nations and great kings will serve him.
Jer.27.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- הגוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והממלכה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- יעבדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- את: PRT,acc
- נבוכדנאצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- צוארו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וברעב: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובדבר: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אפקד: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- על: PREP
- הגוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- תמי: ADV
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- בידו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:7 (verbal): Immediate context: repeats the injunction to serve Nebuchadnezzar and submit to his yoke and the pronouncement of punishment for those who do not.
- Jeremiah 25:9-11 (verbal): God hands nations over to Nebuchadnezzar; similar language about giving peoples into the king of Babylon's hand and the ensuing judgment/exile.
- Habakkuk 1:6-7 (thematic): God raises the Chaldeans as an instrument of punishment against peoples—parallel theme of a foreign imperial power used by God to execute judgment.
- Isaiah 10:5-7 (thematic): Assyria described as the rod of God's anger sent to punish nations—comparable motif of a domineering foreign ruler serving as God's instrument of discipline.
- 2 Chronicles 36:15-17 (thematic): Narrative account of God bringing the king of Babylon against Judah as judgment for disobedience, paralleling Jeremiah's declaration of punishment by Nebuchadnezzar's hand.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the nation and kingdom that will not serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and that will not put their neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon, I will punish with sword, and with famine, and with pestilence, declares the LORD, until I have consumed them by his hand.
- But the nation and kingdom that will not serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and that will not put their neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon, I will visit with sword, and with famine, and with pestilence—declares the LORD—until I have given them into his hand.
Jer.27.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- אל: NEG
- תשמעו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- נביאיכם: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- קסמיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2mp
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- חלמתיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2mp
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- ענניכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2mp
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- כשפיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2mp
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- אמרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אליכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעבדו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 18:10-12 (verbal): A near-verbatim thematic match: lists forbidden occult practices (divination, soothsaying, interpreting omens, sorcery, mediums) paralleling Jeremiah’s catalogue of prophets, diviners, dreamers, enchanters, and sorcerers.
- Jeremiah 29:8-9 (verbal): Direct parallel within Jeremiah: warns exiles not to listen to prophets, diviners and dreamers who give false assurances—same admonition against heeding those who oppose submission to Babylon.
- Jeremiah 23:25-32 (allusion): Jeremiah’s broader denunciation of false prophets who say ‘I had a dream’ and prophesy lies echoes the charges in 27:9 against prophets/dreamers promoting false political/theological messages.
- Ezekiel 13:6-9 (thematic): Condemns prophets who prophesy out of their own heart and give false security; thematically parallels Jeremiah’s condemnation of deceptive prophetic speech and its harmful effects.
- Zechariah 10:2 (verbal): Criticizes diviners and false dreamers who speak lies and give vain comfort; echoes the pairing of diviners and dreamers and the critique of their misleading messages in Jeremiah 27:9.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore do not listen to your prophets, or to your diviners, or to your dreamers, or to your soothsayers, or to your sorcerers, who speak to you, saying, ‘You will not serve the king of Babylon.’
- Do not listen to your prophets, or to your diviners, or to your dreamers, or to your soothsayers, or to your magicians who speak to you, saying, “You shall not serve the king of Babylon.”
Jer.27.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- נבאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- למען: PREP
- הרחיק: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- מעל: PREP
- אדמתכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,mp
- והדחתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,_,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- ואבדתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 14:14 (verbal): Uses almost identical language accusing prophets of prophesying lies in God’s name — God declares He did not send or command them, a near verbal parallel to 27:10.
- Jeremiah 23:25–27 (verbal): God condemns prophets who ‘prophesy lies in my name’ and spread false visions that mislead the people — thematically and verbally close to the charge in 27:10 that prophets drive people away from the land.
- Ezekiel 13:6–9 (thematic): Denounces prophets who see false visions and speak from their own minds, promising deliverance or false hope; parallels Jeremiah’s denunciation of deceptive prophecy and divine judgment on false seers.
- Deuteronomy 18:20–22 (structural): Provides the legal criterion for identifying a false prophet (speech not from God) and the penalty for presumptuous prophecy — the covenantal background for Jeremiah’s rejection of prophets who ‘prophesy lies.’
Alternative generated candidates
- For they prophesy lies to you in order to drive you far from your land; and I will drive you out, and you shall perish.
- For they prophesy a lie to you to drive you away from your land; I will drive you out, and you will perish.
Jer.27.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והגוי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יביא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- צוארו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והנחתיו: CONJ+VERB,hif,perf,1,sg+3,m
- על: PREP
- אדמתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ועבדה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:8-10 (structural): Immediate context: commands to submit one's neck to the yoke of the king of Babylon and the contrast with nations that refuse; repeats the theme of serving Babylon and the consequences of resistance.
- Jeremiah 25:9-11 (verbal): Declares that God will summon the peoples of the north and make them serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon as His instrument of judgment — same idea of foreign king imposed as lord and nations made to serve.
- Jeremiah 28:10-11 (allusion): Responds to Hananiah’s claim that the yoke of Babylon will be broken; Jeremiah insists the prophecy about serving Babylon is from the LORD and warns against false liberation prophecies — directly connected dispute over submitting to Babylon’s rule.
- Habakkuk 1:6 (thematic): Portrays God raising the Chaldeans (Babylonians) as an instrument to execute judgment on nations — parallels the motif of a foreign power imposed by God to punish disobedient peoples.
- Deuteronomy 28:48 (thematic): Describes being forced to serve foreign masters and bear a yoke as part of covenant curse for disobedience — echoes the symbolic language of the yoke/servitude in Jeremiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the nation that brings its neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon and serves him, I will let it remain on its own soil, declares the LORD, and it shall till it and dwell there.
- But the nation that brings its neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon and serves him, and humbles itself under his hand, I will let remain on its own soil—declares the LORD—and it shall serve him and dwell there.
Jer.27.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- צדקיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- דברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- ככל: PREP
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- הביאו: VERB,hiphil,imperat,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- צואריכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2,m,pl
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- ועמו: PREP+3,m,sg
- וחיו: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:11 (verbal): Same oracle commanding nations to 'serve the king of Babylon' and submit to his yoke; closely parallels wording and intent addressed to other rulers.
- Jeremiah 27:18 (thematic): Contrasts Jeremiah 27:12 by pronouncing judgment on those who refuse to 'commit their necks' to Babylon's yoke—shows consequence of non‑submission.
- Ezekiel 17:15-18 (allusion): Ezekiel's parable reproves Zedekiah's flight to Egypt and rebellion against Babylon, thematically echoing Jeremiah's command to submit to Nebuchadnezzar.
- 2 Kings 25:4-7 (structural): Historic fulfillment: account of Zedekiah's capture and punishment after failing to submit—narrative outcome of the refusal Jeremiah warns against.
- Jeremiah 21:9 (thematic): Earlier prophetic admonition to surrender to the Chaldeans to live; shares the same counsel to accept Babylonian domination for survival.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to Zedekiah king of Judah I spoke according to all these words, saying, ‘Bring your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon, and serve him and his people, that you may live.’
- To Zedekiah king of Judah I spoke all these words, saying, “Bring your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon, and serve him and his people, and you shall live.”
Jer.27.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- למה: ADV
- תמותו: VERB,qal,impf,2,mp
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ועמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2ms
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ברעב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובדבר: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- הגוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- יעבד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:11 (verbal): Immediate context — the same oracle urging submission to Nebuchadnezzar and warning that nations refusing to serve him will suffer by sword, famine and pestilence (direct continuation of the thought).
- Jeremiah 25:9–11 (thematic): Portrays Nebuchadnezzar as God's instrument to punish the nations and carry them into exile; parallels the idea that failure to submit to Babylon brings destruction and captivity.
- Deuteronomy 28:15–22 (esp. vv.25,21–22) (verbal): Covenantal curses for disobedience list sword, famine and pestilence as punishments — language and theme echoed in Jeremiah's warning of those who reject the Babylonian yoke.
- Isaiah 10:5–6 (thematic): God uses a foreign power (here Assyria) as an instrument of judgment against Israel/Judah — parallels the theological motif that Babylon functions as God's rod of discipline in Jeremiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Why should you and your people die by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence, as the LORD has spoken concerning the nations that will not serve the king of Babylon?
- Why should you and your people die by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence, as the LORD has spoken concerning the nation that does not serve the king of Babylon?
Jer.27.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- תשמעו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- הנבאים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האמרים: VERB,qal,ptcp,0,m,pl
- אליכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעבדו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- נבאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:12-13 (verbal): Same context and wording—Jeremiah instructs the people to submit to and ‘serve the king of Babylon,’ which contrasts with the prophets who say not to.
- Jeremiah 23:16 (verbal): Nearly identical rebuke: 'Thus says the LORD ... Do not listen to the words of the prophets who prophesy to you'—a general denunciation of false prophets.
- Jeremiah 28:2-4 (thematic): Hananiah prophesies directly against Jeremiah’s message, claiming God will break Nebuchadnezzar’s yoke—an explicit counter-prophecy to the warning in 27:14.
- Jeremiah 14:13-14 (verbal): God’s complaint that some prophets 'prophesy lies in my name' echoes the charge in 27:14 that certain prophets are prophesying falsely.
Alternative generated candidates
- Do not listen to the words of your prophets who say to you, ‘You will not serve the king of Babylon’—for they prophesy lies to you.
- Do not listen to the words of the prophets who say to you, “You shall not serve the king of Babylon,” for they prophesy lies to you.
Jer.27.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- שלחתים: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg+PRON_OBJ,3,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- והם: CONJ+PRON,3,m,pl
- נבאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בשמי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss1s
- לשקר: VERB,qal,inf
- למען: PREP
- הדיחי: VERB,hiph,infc
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- ואבדתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- והנבאים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- הנבאים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Jer.14:14 (verbal): Nearly identical formulation in the same book: God denies sending certain prophets and says they 'prophesy lies in my name' — the same charge and wording.
- Jer.23:21-22 (verbal): God disavows prophets he did not send and contrasts true prophetic authority with false speakers who mislead the people, like 27:15's accusation that they lead people astray.
- Deut.18:20-22 (thematic): Legal criterion for identifying false prophets who speak presumptuously in God's name; thematically parallels the condemnation of unauthorized prophecy in Jer 27:15.
- Ezek.13:9-10 (thematic): Condemns false prophets whose lies bring ruin on the people; parallels Jeremiah's charge that false prophets 'mislead you and you perish.'
- Zech.13:2-3 (thematic): Speaks of removing and punishing false prophets and cleansing the land of deceptive speech — a related motif to Jeremiah's judgment on those who prophesy falsely in God's name.
Alternative generated candidates
- I did not send them, declares the LORD, yet they prophesy in my name to make you flee from your land and be driven out, that you might perish—those prophets who prophesy to you.
- For I did not send them—declares the LORD—yet they prophesy lies in my name to mislead you, and you will be driven away and perish, you and the prophets who prophesy to you.
Jer.27.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- דברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- תשמעו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- נביאיכם: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- הנבאים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- הנה: PART
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מושבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מבבלה: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg
- עתה: ADV
- מהרה: ADV
- כי: CONJ
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- נבאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 28:2-4 (quotation): Hananiah proclaims that within two years the yoke of Babylon will be broken and the temple vessels will return—an explicit prophecy that Jeremiah warns is false in 27:16.
- Jeremiah 28:10-17 (structural): Jeremiah’s public rebuke of Hananiah and the prophetic judgment on him form the immediate narrative response to the false prophecy about the return of the house’s vessels.
- Jeremiah 23:16 (verbal): Uses similar language—'Thus says the LORD: Do not listen to the words of the prophets...'—and denounces prophets who prophesy peace falsely, a direct thematic and verbal parallel.
- Jeremiah 29:8-9 (thematic): A later warning to the exiles not to be deceived by prophets and diviners promising immediate return or false hope—same pastoral concern against deceptive prophecy.
- Ezekiel 13:6-9 (thematic): Condemns prophets who give false visions and assurance, promising security where there is none—echoes Jeremiah’s indictment of prophets who falsely announce restoration of temple vessels.
Alternative generated candidates
- To the priests and to all this people I said, Thus says the LORD: Do not listen to the words of your prophets who prophesy to you, saying, “Behold, the vessels of the house of the LORD are soon to be brought back from Babylon”—for they are lying prophets to you.
- And to the priests and to all this people I said: Thus says the LORD—Do not listen to the words of your prophets who prophesy to you, saying, “Behold, the vessels of the house of the LORD are coming back from Babylon,” for they prophesy a lie to you.
Jer.27.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אל: NEG
- תשמעו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- עבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וחיו: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,pl
- למה: ADV
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- חרבה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:12-15 (verbal): Direct repetition of the same instruction to the nations: serve the king of Babylon and live; similar wording and command.
- Jeremiah 27:6-11 (structural): The larger oracle framing the yoke-symbol and God's commissioning of Jeremiah to demand submission to Nebuchadnezzar.
- Jeremiah 29:4-7 (thematic): Practical counsel to exiles in Babylon to settle, seek the city's welfare and live there—echoes the pragmatic survival theme of submitting to Babylon.
- Isaiah 39:6-7 (thematic): Prophecy that some of Hezekiah’s descendants would be taken to Babylon to serve its king, recognizing Babylonian dominance and servitude.
- Ezekiel 17:18-21 (thematic): Warning that rebellion against Babylon (seeking Egypt) will bring exile and ruin—parallels Jeremiah’s warning that refusal to submit will lead to the city's destruction.
Alternative generated candidates
- Do not listen to them; serve the king of Babylon and live. Why should this city be laid waste?
- Do not listen to them; serve the king of Babylon and live—why should this city become a desolation?
Jer.27.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- נבאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- ואם: CONJ
- יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- יפגעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- נא: PART
- ביהוה: PREP+PN,sg
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לבלתי: PART,neg
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הנותרים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ובית: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ובירושלם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבלה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 28:2-4 (allusion): Hananiah proclaims that the yoke of Babylon will be broken and implicitly promises the return of vessels—directly opposed to Jeremiah's warning about the fate of the temple and royal vessels.
- Deuteronomy 18:20-22 (thematic): Sets the criterion for testing prophets: if their word does not come to pass they are false—this underlies Jeremiah's challenge to the other prophets to intercede if their messages are truly from Yahweh.
- 2 Kings 25:13-17 (structural): Reports the historical fulfillment: Nebuchadnezzar's officers removed the vessels of the house of the LORD and carried them to Babylon, matching the concern in Jeremiah about the fate of temple vessels.
- Daniel 5:2 (verbal): Describes Babylonian use of the goblets taken from the Jerusalem temple during Belshazzar's feast, reflecting the concrete consequence that Jeremiah warns the reluctant prophets about.
Alternative generated candidates
- If they are prophets, if there is a word of the LORD in them, let them now make intercession to the LORD of hosts that the vessels remaining in the house of the LORD, and in the house of the king of Judah, and in Jerusalem, may not be carried to Babylon.
- If they are prophets, if the word of the LORD is with them, let them now intercede with the LORD of hosts that the vessels remaining in the house of the LORD, and in the house of the king of Judah, and in Jerusalem, may not be taken to Babylon.
Jer.27.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אל: NEG
- העמדים: VERB,qal,ptc,0,m,pl
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- המכנות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- יתר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הנותרים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:13-17 (verbal): Lists the same temple furnishings (pillars, the sea, stands, and other vessels) taken by the Babylonians — closely parallels the inventory language of Jeremiah 27:19.
- Jeremiah 52:17-23 (verbal): A near‑duplicate account within Jeremiah that repeats the catalogue of temple vessels carried to Babylon, echoing the same items named in 27:19.
- 1 Kings 7:15-26 (thematic): Describes Solomon’s workmanship: the two bronze pillars (Jachin and Boaz), the molten sea and the stands — provides the original context/identity of the objects mentioned in Jeremiah 27:19.
- 2 Chronicles 4:2-5 (thematic): Gives a parallel description of the pillars, the sea and the bases used in Solomon’s temple, corroborating the particular furnishings listed in Jeremiah 27:19.
- 2 Chronicles 36:18-19 (thematic): Reports the destruction of the temple and the removal of its vessels to Babylon, thematically linking the fate of the same items named in Jeremiah 27:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD of hosts concerning the pillars, and concerning the sea, and concerning the stands, and concerning the remainder of the vessels in this city:
- For thus says the LORD of hosts concerning the pillars, and the sea, and the stands, and the rest of the vessels that remain in this city:
Jer.27.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- לקחם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נבוכדנאצר: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בגלותו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יכוניה: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהויקים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בבלה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- חרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וירושלם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:12-16 (verbal): Parallel narrative: Nebuchadnezzar seizes Jehoiachin (Jeconiah) in Jerusalem and takes him and the leading officials into exile to Babylon, matching Jeremiah’s account of the deportation.
- 2 Chronicles 36:9-10 (verbal): Chronicles’ retelling of the end of Jehoiachin’s reign and his being carried captive to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar, echoing the same deportation described in Jeremiah 27:20.
- Jeremiah 52:31-34 (verbal): Within the same book—later historical appendix—this passage recounts Jehoiachin’s exile to Babylon under Nebuchadnezzar (and his later release), directly corresponding to Jeremiah 27:20’s report of the deportation.
- Ezekiel 1:1-2 (allusion): Ezekiel dates his visions from the exile of Jehoiachin, presupposing and alluding to Nebuchadnezzar’s deportation of the king from Jerusalem—an event narrated in Jeremiah 27:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon did not take when he carried away Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim king of Judah from Jerusalem to Babylon, along with all the nobles of Judah and Jerusalem.
- which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon did not take when he exiled Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim king of Judah from Jerusalem to Babylon, with all the nobles of Judah and Jerusalem.
Jer.27.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הנותרים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ובית: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וירושלם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:22 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same oracle: verse 21 names the 'vessels... in the house of the LORD, the king of Judah, and Jerusalem' and verse 22 states their fate (carried to Babylon and later restored).
- Jeremiah 52:17-23 (quotation): Parallel account of the Babylonian seizure of the temple vessels and spoil; repeats the list of temple articles taken to Babylon, echoing the concern for the 'vessels' of the house of the LORD.
- 2 Kings 24:13 (verbal): Describes Nebuchadnezzar carrying away 'all the treasures of the house of the LORD' and items from the king's house, directly paralleling the theme of temple and royal vessels removed to Babylon.
- 2 Chronicles 36:18-20 (thematic): Accounts the destruction of Jerusalem, exile to Babylon, and removal of sacred articles from the temple — matching Jeremiah's focus on temple vessels, the king of Judah and Jerusalem.
- Isaiah 39:6-7 (thematic): Prophecy that some descendants and some articles of the king's house will be carried to Babylon, thematically linked to Jeremiah's mention of temple/royal vessels and their removal to Babylon.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, concerning the vessels that remain in the house of the LORD, and in the house of the king of Judah, and in Jerusalem:
- For thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, concerning the vessels that remain in the house of the LORD and in the house of the king of Judah and in Jerusalem:
Jer.27.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בבלה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- יובאו: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,pl
- ושמה: CONJ+ADV,loc
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עד: PREP
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פקדי: NOUN,m,sg,cs,1s
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- והעליתים: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- והשיבתים: CONJ+VERB,hiphil,perf,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 29:10 (verbal): Uses the same verb פקד (“I will visit”) and promises that after the period of exile God will bring the people back to this place—direct echo of Jeremiah’s return motif.
- Jeremiah 25:11-12 (thematic): Announces exile to Babylon and its duration (seventy years) and then God’s action against Babylon—provides the broader framework of exile and eventual divine visitation and restoration.
- Deuteronomy 30:3-5 (thematic): Yahweh’s promise to restore Israel’s fortunes, gather the dispersed from the nations, and bring them back to their land—same restoration-to-the-place motif.
- Ezekiel 36:24 (verbal): God’s pledge to gather the people from the nations and bring them into their own land echoes the language of bringing up and restoring the exiles to their place.
- Isaiah 43:5-6 (thematic): Promise to bring God’s people from east and west and gather them from the four corners—similar universal gathering and return imagery.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall be carried to Babylon and there shall they remain until the day that I visit them, declares the LORD; then I will bring them up and restore them to this place.
- They shall be carried to Babylon and there shall they remain until the day of my visitation—declares the LORD—then I will bring them up and restore them to this place.
At the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, this word came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying: Thus says the LORD to me: Make for yourself bonds and yokes, and put them upon your neck. And send them to the king of Edom, and to the king of Moab, and to the king of the Ammonites, and to the king of Tyre, and to the king of Sidon, by the hand of the messengers who come to Jerusalem to Zedekiah king of Judah. And command them to their lords, saying: Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel—thus you shall say to your lords:
I made the land, the man, and the beasts that are on the face of the earth—by my great power and by my outstretched arm; and I have given them to whom is right in my sight. And now I have given all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon my servant; and even the beasts of the field I have given him to serve him.
All the nations shall serve him, and his son, and his son's son, until the time of his land comes; and many nations and great kings shall serve him. But the nation and kingdom that will not serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and that will not put their neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon, I will punish with sword, famine, and pestilence, declares the LORD, until I complete them by his hand.
Do not listen to your prophets, or to your diviners, or to your dreamers, or to your interpreters of omens, or to your sorcerers, who speak to you, saying, 'You shall not serve the king of Babylon.'
For they prophesy falsely to you to remove you far from your land; I will drive you out, and you will perish. But the nation that places its neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon and serves him, I will let them remain on their own soil, declares the LORD, and they shall till it and dwell there. And to Zedekiah king of Judah I spoke according to all these words, saying, 'Bring your neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon and serve him and his people, and live.'
Why should you and your people die by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence, as the LORD has spoken concerning the nations that will not serve the king of Babylon?
Do not listen to the words of the prophets who say to you, 'You shall not serve the king of Babylon'—for they prophesy lies to you.
For I did not send them, declares the LORD; and they prophesy to you lies in my name to drive you out and make you perish— you and the prophets who prophesy to you. And to the priests and to all this people I spoke, saying, 'Thus says the LORD: Do not listen to the words of your prophets who prophesy to you, saying, "Behold, the vessels of the house of the LORD are coming back soon from Babylon"—for they are false prophets prophesying to you lies.'
Do not listen to them; serve the king of Babylon and live. Why should this city become a ruin? And if they are prophets—if there is a word of the LORD—let them now plead with the LORD of hosts that the vessels remaining in the house of the LORD and in the house of the king of Judah and in Jerusalem be not carried to Babylon.
For thus says the LORD of hosts concerning the pillars, and concerning the sea, and concerning the stands and the rest of the vessels that remain in this city:
which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon did not take when he carried away Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim king of Judah from Jerusalem to Babylon, with all the officials of Judah and Jerusalem.
For thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, concerning the vessels that remain in the house of the LORD and in the house of the king of Judah and in Jerusalem:
They shall be brought to Babylon and remain there until the day I visit them, declares the LORD; then I will bring them up and restore them to this place.