Water from the Rock at Meribah
Numbers 20:1-13
Num.20.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- העדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- צן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בקדש: PREP
- ותמת: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg
- שם: ADV
- מרים: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ותקבר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- Numbers 12:1-15 (thematic): Earlier episode involving Miriam (rebuke and temporary affliction with leprosy) — provides background to Miriam’s role and fate among the Israelites.
- Exodus 15:20-21 (allusion): Miriam appears earlier as prophetess and leader who sings after the Red Sea crossing; underscores her prominence before her death at Kadesh.
- Numbers 20:22-29 (thematic): Account of Aaron’s death and burial shortly thereafter — parallels Miriam’s death and the passing of the first generation of leaders.
- Deuteronomy 34:5-6 (structural): Moses’ death and burial narrative — a parallel instance of a major leader’s death and the quiet burial that marks the end of an era.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the people of Israel, the whole congregation, came into the wilderness of Zin in the first month; and they dwelt in Kadesh. Miriam died there and was buried there.
- And the whole congregation of the people of Israel came into the wilderness of Zin in the first month, and the people stayed at Kadesh; Miriam died there and was buried there.
Num.20.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לעדה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויקהלו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 17:1-7 (thematic): Earlier episode at Rephidim where the people lack water, quarrel with Moses, and God provides water from the rock (Massah and Meribah); closely parallels the complaint and setting in Num 20:2.
- Numbers 20:11 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode: following the congregation's complaint about no water (v.2), Moses strikes the rock and water comes, making this the direct narrative parallel.
- Psalm 95:8 (allusion): Psalmist warns against hardening hearts 'in the day of temptation' and cites the wilderness testing of Israel—an explicit allusion to the people's complaint about water at Massah/Meribah.
- Psalm 78:15-16 (verbal): Retells God bringing streams from the rock and supplying water in the desert while recounting Israel's grumbling; echoes the theme and imagery of God providing water amid complaint (parallel to Num 20:2–11).
Alternative generated candidates
- And there was no water for the congregation; and they assembled against Moses and against Aaron.
- And there was no water for the congregation, and they assembled against Moses and Aaron.
Num.20.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עם: PREP
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- ולו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- גוענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,pl
- בגוע: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- אחינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1pl
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Num.14.2 (verbal): The congregation again complains to Moses with nearly identical language—'Would God that we had died...'—a direct verbal parallel to the lament and reproach in Num 20:3.
- Exod.16.2-3 (verbal): The people murmur to Moses, 'Would that we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt…'—same wish to have died earlier and the same complaint motif.
- Exod.17.3 (thematic): The people contend/murmur with Moses over lack of water and accuse him of bringing them out to die—the same quarrel-against-Moses theme as Num 20:3.
- Num.21.5 (verbal): The Israelites speak against God and Moses, asking why they were brought up out of Egypt 'to die in the wilderness'—language and accusation closely parallel to Num 20:3.
- Deut.1.27 (allusion): Moses' retrospective account of the people's murmuring in their tents echoes the complaint that God brought them out to be destroyed, an allusive recounting of the same rebellious motif.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the people contended with Moses, and said, "Would that we had perished with our brothers before the LORD!"
- And the people quarrelled with Moses, and spoke, saying, "Would that we had died when our brethren died before the LORD!"
Num.20.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולמה: CONJ
- הבאתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- קהל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- המדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- למות: VERB,qal,inf
- שם: ADV
- אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
- ובעירנו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 16:3 (verbal): The assembly complains to Moses that he has brought them into the wilderness to die of hunger—language almost identical about being brought into the wilderness to die.
- Exodus 17:3 (verbal): Israel asks why Moses has brought them up out of Egypt to kill them, their children, and livestock with thirst—same complaint about being brought into the wilderness to die.
- Numbers 21:5 (verbal): The people speak against God and Moses: 'Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness?'—a close verbal parallel in the murmuring tradition.
- Deuteronomy 1:27 (allusion): Moses recalls the people's cry that God brought them out of Egypt to deliver them to their enemies and destroy them—repeats the charge that they were brought out to die.
- Numbers 14:2–3 (thematic): The congregation loudly protests and speaks of returning to Egypt, claiming God has brought them into danger to die—themewise parallel of rebellion and fear in the wilderness.
Alternative generated candidates
- And why have you brought the congregation of the LORD into this wilderness, that we and our cattle should die there?
- And why have you brought the congregation of the LORD into this wilderness, that we should die here, we and our livestock?
Num.20.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולמה: CONJ
- העליתנו: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,sg
- ממצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- להביא: VERB,hif,inf
- אתנו: PRON,1,pl
- אל: NEG
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותאנה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וגפן: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ורמון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אין: PART,neg
- לשתות: INF,qal
Parallels
- Numbers 21:5 (verbal): Almost identical complaint language — the people ask why they were brought out of Egypt into a place without bread or water, echoing the charge in Num 20:5.
- Deuteronomy 1:27 (verbal): The people similarly accuse Moses of bringing them out of Egypt to die in the wilderness; a direct recurrence of the Israelite protest motif.
- Deuteronomy 8:7-10 (thematic): A positive catalogue of the land’s produce (wheat, barley, vines, figs, pomegranates) and water resources — serves as an implicit foil to the complaint in Num 20:5 about the 'evil place' and lack of water.
- Numbers 11:5 (thematic): The people nostalgically list desirable foods from Egypt (fish, cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions, garlic), another instance of Israelites protesting provision and longing for Egypt similar in tone to Num 20:5.
- Exodus 16:3 (thematic): The people grumble against Moses and Israel about lack of food, recalling the hardships and memories of Egypt — an earlier instance of the same complaint-motif found in Num 20:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- And why have you brought us up out of Egypt to bring us into this evil place? Is this not a land of seed, fig trees, vines, and pomegranates? There is no water to drink.
- And why have you brought us up out of Egypt, to bring us to this evil place? It is no place of seed or figs or vines or pomegranates, and there is no water to drink.
Num.20.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואהרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מפני: PREP
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויפלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- פניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כבוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 40:34-35 (verbal): The cloud/ glory of the LORD fills the tabernacle (אהל מועד/משכן); like Num 20:6, the divine glory appears at the tent and Moses is unable to enter because the glory rests there.
- Leviticus 9:23-24 (verbal): Moses and Aaron go into the tent of meeting and when they come out the glory of the LORD appears to the people—parallel in actors (Moses/Aaron), setting (tent), and theophanic glory.
- Exodus 34:5-8 (thematic): The LORD descends in a cloud and stands with Moses, and Moses falls on his face and worships—similar theophany dynamics (divine descent, cloud, Moses' prostration) to Num 20:6.
- Ezekiel 1:28 (thematic): Ezekiel’s vision concludes with the appearance of the glory of the LORD and the prophet falling on his face—a prophetic/visionary parallel to the motif of falling prostrate before the manifest glory.
- 1 Kings 8:10-11 (thematic): When the ark is brought into the temple, a cloud fills the house and the glory of the LORD fills the temple—temple/tabernacle parallel showing the divine glory filling the sacred space.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly to the entrance of the tent of meeting; and they fell on their faces, and the glory of the LORD appeared to them.
- And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, and they fell on their faces; and the glory of the LORD appeared to them.
Num.20.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Exodus 17:6 (thematic): God instructs Moses regarding bringing water from a rock at Rephidim; parallels Numbers 20 where God again speaks to Moses in the context of providing water from a rock (Meribah).
- Exodus 3:10 (verbal): Another instance of the commissioning formula 'And the LORD said unto Moses,' where God speaks directly to Moses to send him to Pharaoh — same speech-introduction formula and divine commission.
- Numbers 27:12 (verbal): God speaks directly to Moses about his fate (telling him to go up Abarim to view the land but not enter); similar use of the opening formula of divine speech to Moses conveying decisive instruction.
- Leviticus 1:1 (structural): Uses the same standard legislative/ceremonial formula 'And the LORD spoke unto Moses, saying' to introduce priestly/ritual laws — a parallel structural usage of the divine-speech introduction.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Num.20.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- קח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המטה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והקהל: CONJ+VERB,hiph,imp,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ואהרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ודברתם: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- הסלע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לעיניהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מימיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,prs3,m,sg
- והוצאת: CONJ+VERB,hiph,impf,2,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מן: PREP
- הסלע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והשקית: CONJ+VERB,hiph,impf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- בעירם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,prs3,m,pl
Parallels
- Exod.17:6 (verbal): Earliest wilderness account where God tells Moses to strike the rock so that water will come out — closely parallels the rock-as-water motif and similar wording (strike/bring forth water).
- Num.20:11 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation of Num 20:8 where Moses, contrary to instruction to speak, strikes the rock twice and water issues — explains the episode's outcome and Moses' disobedience.
- Ps.78:15-16 (thematic): Poetic retelling of Israel’s wilderness experience describing God splitting the rock and providing abundant water — echoes the miracle’s theme and imagery.
- Ps.105:41 (thematic): Another liturgical recounting of God opening the rock and making water flow in the desert, paralleling the miraculous provision described in Numbers.
- 1 Cor.10:4 (allusion): Paul recalls the rock that supplied water to Israel and identifies it typologically with Christ — an NT theological appropriation of the rock/water tradition in the wilderness narratives.
Alternative generated candidates
- "Take the staff, and assemble the congregation— you and Aaron your brother— and speak to the rock before their eyes, and it shall give forth its water; you shall bring water out of the rock for them, and provide drink for the congregation and their beasts."
- Take the staff, and assemble the congregation, you and Aaron your brother, and speak to the rock before their eyes, and it shall give its water; and you shall bring forth for them water out of the rock, and give drink to the congregation and their beasts.
Num.20.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- המטה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מלפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 20:8 (structural): Immediate narrative instruction to 'take the rod' occurs in v.8; v.9 reports Moses' action in response—direct structural continuation of the same command.
- Numbers 20:11 (structural): The subsequent verse records Moses striking the rock with the rod he took in v.9, showing the rod's use and the outcome of the prior action.
- Exodus 17:5-6 (verbal): God likewise tells Moses to 'take in your hand the rod' and strike the rock to bring forth water; closely parallels the command-and-use of the rod motif.
- Exodus 4:20 (verbal): Narrative statement that 'Moses took the rod in his hand' (when leaving for Egypt) uses similar language of Moses taking the rod as a divinely significant implement.
- Exodus 7:9-12 (thematic): Aaron's rod performs miraculous signs before Pharaoh (and is used as a symbol of divine authority); thematically parallels the rod as God's instrument of power and sign in Moses' ministry.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses took the staff from before the LORD, as he commanded him.
- And Moses took the staff from before the LORD, as he commanded him.
Num.20.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקהלו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואהרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הסלע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- נא: PART
- המרים: VERB,qal,ptc,pl,m
- המן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הסלע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- נוציא: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 17:6 (verbal): Earlier episode of striking the rock for water; similar wording and miracle (Moses brings water from a rock).
- Deuteronomy 32:51-52 (quotation): God declares Moses will not enter the land because he did not treat God as holy at Meribah — direct divine judgment on the same incident.
- Psalm 78:15-16 (thematic): Retells Israel’s provision in the wilderness — God split the rocks and gave water — thematic parallel to Moses’ action at the rock.
- Psalm 106:32-33 (allusion): Explicitly refers to Israel’s rebellion at the waters of Meribah and the trouble it brought on Moses — links to Moses’ conduct in Num 20.
- 1 Corinthians 10:4 (thematic): Paul interprets the rock that gave water in the wilderness as a spiritual figure (the Christ); theological allusion to the rock-miracle tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation before the rock, and he said to them, "Hear now, you rebels: shall we bring water for you out of this rock?"
- And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before the rock, and he said to them, 'Hear now, you rebels—shall we bring forth water for you out of this rock?'
Num.20.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הסלע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- במטהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,pronom
- פעמים: NOUN,m,du,abs
- ויצאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ותשת: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- העדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ובעירם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,pronom
Parallels
- Exodus 17:6 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Moses striking the rock and water coming out for the community—same miracle. (Exodus emphasizes striking once at Rephidim; Numbers records striking twice at Meribah.)
- Psalm 78:15-16 (allusion): Liturgical retelling of the wilderness tradition: God split the rocks and made water flow abundantly—echoes the Numbers/Exodus miracle in poetic memory.
- Psalm 105:41 (allusion): Psalmic recollection of God opening the rock so waters gushed out; uses the same rock/water imagery to recall divine provision in the desert.
- Deuteronomy 32:13 (thematic): Uses the motif of God bringing sustenance from rock (e.g., ‘suck honey out of the rock’), thematically linking God’s provision from the rock to Israel’s nourishment.
- 1 Corinthians 10:4 (thematic): New Testament theological appropriation: identifies the rock that accompanied Israel as Christ, interpreting the rock/manna traditions (including the water-from-rock episode) christologically.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff; and abundant water came forth, and the congregation drank, and their livestock.
- And Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff; and abundant water came out, and the congregation and their beasts drank.
Num.20.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יען: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- האמנתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- להקדישני: PREP+VERB,hiph,inf,1,sg
- לעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לכן: ADV
- לא: PART_NEG
- תביאו: VERB,qal,impf,2,mp
- את: PRT,acc
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 32:51-52 (verbal): Reiterates the same judicial decision: Moses is forbidden to enter the promised land because of his transgression at Meribah/Kadesh, echoing the reason given in Num 20:12.
- Numbers 27:12-14 (structural): A later command in which God again tells Moses he may view the land but will not lead the people into it—continuation and confirmation of the consequence announced in Num 20:12.
- Deuteronomy 34:1-5 (structural): Narrative fulfillment: Moses is brought to view the land from Mount Nebo and dies there, showing the realized outcome of the prohibition in Num 20:12.
- Psalm 106:32-33 (allusion): Retells the Meribah episode, blaming Israel and noting Moses' and Aaron’s role and its harmful outcome—an Old Testament reflection on the same event and its consequences.
- Hebrews 3:16-19 (thematic): New Testament application of Israel’s unbelief that prevented entry into God’s rest/promised land; thematically parallels Num 20:12’s link between unbelief/disobedience and exclusion from the land.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD said to Moses and to Aaron, "Because you did not believe in me, to sanctify me before the people of Israel, therefore you shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them."
- And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 'Because you did not believe in me, to sanctify me in the sight of the children of Israel, therefore you shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them.'
Num.20.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- מריבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- רבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויקדש: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Exod.17:7 (verbal): Same episode named 'Massah and Meribah' — Israel tests/contends with Yahweh over water; directly parallels the charge that Israel 'quarreled with the LORD.'
- Exod.17:6 (thematic): Water-from-the-rock motif (Moses striking the rock) parallels Numbers 20 narrative context for Meribah where water is provided amid Israel's dispute with God.
- Ps.95:8-9 (allusion): Explicitly cites Meribah/Massah as the model of unbelief — 'Do not harden your hearts as at Meribah,' echoing the Israelites' quarrel with the LORD.
- Ps.106:32-33 (quotation): Directly refers to 'the waters of Meribah' and the revolt there, noting the consequences (trouble for Moses) — a retrospective citation of the same incident.
- 1 Cor.10:4 (thematic): Paul treats the rock that provided water in the wilderness as typological (the spiritual Rock was Christ), thematically linking the Meribah/rock-watering tradition to New Testament interpretation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And this is the place Meribah, because the sons of Israel contended with the LORD there, and he was sanctified among them.
- These are the waters of Meribah; because the children of Israel contended with the LORD, and he was sanctified among them.
The whole congregation of the people of Israel came into the Desert of Zin in the first month; the people remained at Kadesh. Miriam died there and was buried there.
There was no water for the congregation, and they gathered against Moses and Aaron.
The people quarreled with Moses and said, 'If only we had died when our brothers died before the LORD!'
Why have you brought the congregation of the LORD into this wilderness to die here — we and our livestock?'
Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to bring us into this evil place? It is no place of grain or figs or vines or pomegranates, and there is no water to drink.
Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting; they fell on their faces, and the glory of the LORD appeared to them. And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
"Take the staff, and assemble the congregation — you and Aaron your brother — and speak to the rock before their eyes, and it shall yield its water. You shall bring water out of the rock for them and give the congregation and their livestock drink."
Moses took the staff from before the LORD, as he was commanded.
Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation before the rock, and Moses said to them, 'Hear now, you rebels: shall we bring water for you out of this rock?'
Then Moses lifted his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff; abundant water came out, and the congregation and their livestock drank. And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 'Because you did not believe in me, to sanctify me before the people of Israel, you shall not bring this congregation into the land that I have given them.'
This is the place called Meribah, because the people of Israel quarrelled with the LORD there, and he was sanctified among them.