The First Disciples and Simon Peter
John 1:35-42
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John.1.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- επαυριον: ADV
- παλιν: ADV
- ειστηκει: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιωαννης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- μαθητων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- δυο: NUM,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- John 1:29 (verbal): Uses the same chronological formula 'the next day' (Τη επαυριον); both verses mark consecutive days in the Baptizer/Jesus narrative and signal unfolding events.
- John 1:43 (structural): Another occurrence of 'the next day' (Τη επομενη ημερα) later in the chapter, showing a pattern of day-by-day narrative progression in the opening of John's Gospel.
- Matthew 4:18-22 (thematic): Accounts the initial calling/following of Jesus by his first disciples (including Andrew and Peter); thematically parallels John's account of two of John's disciples beginning to follow Jesus.
- Mark 1:16-20 (thematic): Parallel synoptic account of Jesus calling fishermen to follow him; like John 1:35–51, it depicts the early formation of Jesus' disciples through immediate following.
Alternative generated candidates
- The next day John was again standing with two of his disciples.
- The next day again John was standing with two of his disciples,
John.1.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εμβλεψας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- περιπατουντι: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,sg,m
- λεγει·Ιδε: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αμνος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- John 1:29 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same Gospel where John the Baptist first declares 'Behold the Lamb of God,' identifying Jesus as the sacrificial Lamb.
- Isaiah 53:7 (allusion): The 'lamb' imagery echoes the Suffering Servant who is 'led like a lamb to the slaughter,' serving as a prophetic background for Jesus as sacrificial victim.
- Exodus 12:3-7 (thematic): The Passover lamb motif (lamb whose blood provides salvation/protection) provides a typological precedent for calling Jesus the 'Lamb of God.'
- Revelation 5:6-12 (thematic): The exalted portrayal of the Lamb who was slain and is worthy to open the scroll builds on the 'Lamb of God' title to express Jesus' redemptive and cosmic role.
- 1 Peter 1:18-19 (thematic): Christ is described as a 'lamb without blemish or spot,' connecting the Johannine title to New Testament portrayals of Jesus as the pure sacrificial offering.
Alternative generated candidates
- He looked at Jesus as he walked by and said, 'Behold, the Lamb of God!'
- and he looked at Jesus as he walked by and said, 'Behold, the Lamb of God!'
John.1.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ηκουσαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δυο: NUM,acc,pl,m
- μαθηται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- λαλουντος: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,sg,masc
- και: CONJ
- ηκολουθησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- John 1:35-40 (structural): Immediate context: the wider narrative describing John the Baptist pointing to Jesus and the same two disciples hearing and following him; these verses form the same scene as v.37.
- John 1:40-42 (structural): Immediate continuation: identifies one of the two followers as Andrew and shows the aftermath of the disciples following Jesus (Andrew bringing Peter), continuing the same episode begun in v.37.
- Matthew 4:18-20 (thematic): Call of the first disciples (Simon Peter and Andrew): they leave their nets and follow Jesus—a parallel in theme and the immediate, obedient following of Jesus.
- Mark 1:16-20 (thematic): Synoptic parallel to Matthew: Jesus calls fishermen who immediately leave their work to follow him, echoing the motif of prompt discipleship seen in John 1:37.
- Luke 5:10-11 (thematic): Luke's account of the calling of Simon Peter and partners, who leave everything to follow Jesus; emphasizes the decisive response to Jesus' call similar to the two disciples in John.
Alternative generated candidates
- The two disciples heard him say this and followed Jesus.
- The two disciples heard him say this, and they followed Jesus.
John.1.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- στραφεις: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- θεασαμενος: VERB,aor,mid,part,nom,sg,m
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- ακολουθουντας: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,m
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Τι: PRON,dat,pl,m
- ζητειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- ειπαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτω·Ραββι: PRON,dat,3,sg+NOUN,voc,m,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- λεγεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- μεθερμηνευομενον: PART,pres,pas,nom,sg,n
- Διδασκαλε: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- που: ADV
- μενεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
Parallels
- John 1:37 (structural): Narrative lead-in: two disciples hear and follow Jesus (they began following him), setting the scene immediately before Jesus turns and asks 'What are you seeking?'."
- John 1:39 (structural): Immediate continuation: Jesus answers their question by inviting them to 'Come and see' and they remain with him—directly connected to the inquiry 'Where are you staying?'."
- Mark 10:51 (verbal): Bartimaeus addresses Jesus as 'Rabboni' and Jesus asks 'What do you want me to do for you?'—a similar dialogic pattern of a seeker addressing Jesus as teacher and a probing question/response exchange."
- John 12:21 (thematic): Greek visitors say 'Sir, we wish to see Jesus'—a thematically parallel expression of seeking access to Jesus and wanting to meet/learn from him."}]}
Alternative generated candidates
- Turning, Jesus saw them following and said to them, 'What are you seeking?' They said to him, 'Rabbi' (which means Teacher), 'where are you staying?'
- Jesus turned and saw them following and said to them, 'What are you seeking?' They said to him, 'Rabbi' (which means Teacher), 'where are you staying?'
John.1.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Ερχεσθε: PRON,dat,3,pl+VERB,pres,mid,imp,2,pl
- και: CONJ
- οψεσθε: VERB,fut,mid,ind,2,pl
- ηλθαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- ουν: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- ειδαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- που: ADV
- μενει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- παρ᾽αυτω: PREP+PRON,dat,3,sg
- εμειναν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ημεραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εκεινην·ωρα: DEM,acc,sg,f+NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ως: ADV
- δεκατη: ADJ,ord,nom,sg,f
Parallels
- John 1:46 (verbal): Philip's invitation to Nathanael uses the same phrase 'Come and see' (Δεῦρο καὶ ἴδε), an identical verbal summons to meet Jesus.
- John 4:29 (verbal): The Samaritan woman's call 'Come, see a man...' echoes the invitational language—bringing others to see Jesus and judge for themselves.
- Mark 3:14 (thematic): Jesus 'appointed twelve... that they might be with him'—a parallel theme of persons remaining in Jesus' presence as part of discipleship (staying/being with him).
- Luke 24:29 (thematic): The plea 'Stay with us, for it is toward evening' reflects the motif of hospitality and remaining with someone into the evening, paralleling the detail that they stayed with Jesus that day (and the time note).
Alternative generated candidates
- He said to them, 'Come and see.' So they came and saw where he was staying, and remained with him that day; it was about the tenth hour.
- He said to them, 'Come and you will see.' So they came and saw where he was staying, and they remained with him that day—for it was about the tenth hour.
John.1.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- Ανδρεας: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αδελφος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- Σιμωνος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Πετρου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- δυο: NUM,acc,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ακουσαντων: VERB,aor,act,part,gen,pl,m
- παρα: PREP
- Ιωαννου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ακολουθησαντων: VERB,aor,act,part,gen,pl,m
- αυτω·: PRON,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 4:18–22 (verbal): Matthew records the calling of Simon (Peter) and his brother Andrew as fishermen called by Jesus, a parallel account of Andrew's association with Peter and his initial call to follow Jesus.
- Mark 1:16–20 (verbal): Mark gives the synoptic account of Jesus calling Simon and Andrew from their nets, paralleling John’s identification of Andrew as Simon Peter’s brother and an early follower of Jesus.
- Luke 5:1–11 (thematic): Luke narrates the miraculous catch and the subsequent call of Simon Peter (with partners including Andrew), thematically paralleling the call and early discipleship of Peter and Andrew.
- John 1:41–42 (structural): Immediate Johannine continuation: Andrew finds his brother Simon, declares 'We have found the Messiah,' and brings him to Jesus—directly connected to John 1:40’s identification of Andrew as one who followed Jesus.
- John 6:8–9 (thematic): Andrew reappears in John as the one who points out the boy with loaves and fish, reflecting a recurring Johannine role of Andrew as intermediary who brings people/resources to Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- One of the two who heard John and followed him was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother.
- One of the two who had heard John and followed Jesus was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother.
John.1.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ευρισκει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- πρωτον: ADV
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αδελφον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- ιδιον: ADJ,acc,sg,neut
- Σιμωνα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω·Ευρηκαμεν: PRON,dat,sg,m + VERB,perf,act,ind,1,pl
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Μεσσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- μεθερμηνευομενον: PART,pres,pas,nom,sg,n
- χριστος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- John 1:42 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same episode: Andrew brings Simon to Jesus and Jesus gives Simon the name Cephas/Peter, linking Andrew’s discovery of the Messiah to Simon’s new identity.
- Matthew 16:16-18 (verbal): Peter’s later public confession ‘You are the Christ’ parallels Andrew’s announcement ‘We have found the Messiah,’ both identifying Jesus as the Christ and associating that confession with Peter.
- Matthew 4:18-20 (structural): Synoptic account of Jesus calling Simon and Andrew from the fishing context; parallels John’s interest in the relationship between Andrew and Simon and the beginning of Simon’s discipleship.
- Mark 1:16-18 (structural): Another synoptic calling of Simon and Andrew (fishermen called to follow Jesus), providing a parallel tradition to John’s report of Andrew finding Simon and bringing him to Jesus.
- Luke 5:1-11 (thematic): Luke’s calling of Simon Peter (miraculous catch of fish, Peter’s vocational turning toward Jesus) thematically parallels John’s scene in which Andrew brings Simon to Jesus and Simon becomes a follower.
Alternative generated candidates
- He first found his own brother Simon and said to him, 'We have found the Messiah' (which is translated Christ).
- He first found his brother Simon and said to him, 'We have found the Messiah' (which is translated, the Christ).
John.1.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ηγαγεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιησουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εμβλεψας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειπεν·Συ: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- Σιμων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- Ιωαννου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- συ: PRON,nom,sg,2
- κληθηση: VERB,fut,pass,ind,2,sg
- Κηφας: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ερμηνευεται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,3,sg
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 16:17-18 (thematic): Jesus gives Simon a new identity and role (Peter/'rock')—this explicit naming and its vocational significance echoes John 1:42's renaming (Cephas/Peter).
- Luke 6:14 (verbal): Lists 'Simon whom he named Peter' in the catalogue of the Twelve—verbal parallel in the use of the name-change language.
- John 21:15-17 (thematic): Jesus addresses Simon Peter after the resurrection, restores and commissions him—a later episode that develops the identity and mission implied when Jesus first names him Cephas in John 1:42.
- Galatians 2:7-9 (allusion): Paul refers to Cephas (Peter) as a leading apostle/pillar in the mission to the Jews—reflects how the name Cephas/Peter in John 1:42 signals recognizable leadership status.
- Matthew 4:18-20 (thematic): The initial call of Simon (and Andrew) to follow Jesus; connects to John 1:42's moment when Simon is presented to Jesus and receives his new name, marking entry into discipleship.
Alternative generated candidates
- He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, 'You are Simon son of Jonah; you shall be called Cephas' (which is translated Peter).
- He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, 'You are Simon, son of John; you shall be called Cephas' (which is translated, Peter).
The next day John was standing with two of his disciples.
He looked at Jesus as he walked by and said, "Behold, the Lamb of God!"
The two disciples heard him say this, and they followed Jesus.
Jesus turned and saw them following and said to them, "What are you seeking?" They said to him, "Rabbi" (which means Teacher), "where are you staying?"
He said to them, "Come and see." They came and saw where he was staying, and they remained with him that day, for it was about the tenth hour.
One of the two who had heard John and followed Jesus was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother.
He first found his brother Simon and said to him, "We have found the Messiah" (which is translated Christ).
He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, "You are Simon the son of Jonah; you shall be called Cephas" (which is translated Peter).