David’s Victories over the Philistines
1 Chronicles 14:8-17
1 C.14.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישמעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- כי: CONJ
- נמשח: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- לבקש: PREP+VERB,qal,infc
- את: PRT,acc
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לפניהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 2 Sam.5:17 (quotation): Almost identical wording and narrative: the Philistines hear David has been anointed king over all Israel, they come against him, and David hears and moves out to meet them.
- 2 Sam.5:18-19 (verbal): Direct continuation of the same episode: David fights the Philistines at Baal-perazim after hearing of their attack, showing the same sequence of events as 1 Chronicles 14.
- 2 Sam.5:22-24 (thematic): Further episode in the same campaign (Valley of Rephaim) where David responds to renewed Philistine attacks by seeking divine guidance—parallel in theme of David's military response after the Philistines learn of his kingship.
- 1 Chr.11:1-3 (structural): Describes the nationwide recognition and accession of David as king over all Israel—provides the wider structural context for why the Philistines would react to his anointing in 1 Chronicles 14:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the Philistines heard that David had been anointed king over all Israel, and all the Philistines went up to seek David. And David heard, and went out before them.
- And the Philistines heard that David had been anointed king over all Israel, and all the Philistines went up to seek David. David heard of it and went out before them.
1 C.14.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ופלשתים: CONJ+NOUN_PROP,m,pl,abs
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ויפשטו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- בעמק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רפאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam.5:17 (quotation): Direct parallel/near-quotation in Samuel: same statement that the Philistines came and spread themselves in the Valley of Rephaim (Chronicles echoes Samuel's account).
- 2 Sam.5:22 (verbal): Repetition in Samuel's narrative of the Philistines spreading themselves in the Valley of Rephaim; corresponds to Chronicles' concise report of the same movement.
- 2 Sam.5:18 (thematic): Immediate context in Samuel: David inquires of the LORD about the Philistine threat—parallels Chronicles 14:10, showing the same sequence of Philistine advance and David's response.
- 2 Sam.5:20 (thematic): Samuel records the related encounter at Baal‑Perazim (David's victory) in the same campaign against the Philistines, providing the fuller narrative context for the Valley of Rephaim episode found in Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the Valley of Rephaim.
- And the Philistines came and spread themselves out in the Valley of Rephaim.
1 C.14.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישאל: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- האעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- על: PREP
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- ונתתם: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- בידי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff1s
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ונתתים: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,pl
- בידך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff,2,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:19 (quotation): Direct parallel in Samuel: David inquires of God about attacking the Philistines and the Lord replies 'Go up; I will give them into your hand.' Chronicles here retells the Samuel narrative.
- 2 Samuel 5:20 (structural): Immediate sequel in Samuel describing the battle and David's victory (and naming the place Baal‑perazim), showing the outcome of the divine command recorded in 1 Chr 14:10.
- Joshua 10:8 (thematic): God again commands Israelite leadership to 'go up' and promises deliverance into their hand (context of Joshua's battle), echoing the pattern of divine instruction and assurance before battle.
- Judges 7:9–15 (thematic): Gideon's pre‑battle commissioning: God gives tactical instruction and an assurance/sign of victory (including a revealed dream), paralleling the theme of consulting God and receiving a direct promise of success in combat.
Alternative generated candidates
- And David inquired of God, saying, "Shall I go up against the Philistines? Will you give them into my hand?" And the LORD said to him, "Go up; I will give them into your hand."
- David inquired of God, saying, "Shall I go up against the Philistines? Will you give them into my hand?" And the LORD said to him, "Go up; for I will give them into your hand."
1 C.14.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בבעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פרצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויכם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פרץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- אויבי: NOUN,m,pl,suff1
- בידי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff1s
- כפרץ: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- קראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- שם: ADV
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פרצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:20 (verbal): Nearly identical report: David fights at Baal‑Perazim, says God has 'broken forth' against his enemies like the breaking of waters, and names the place Baal‑perazim.
- 2 Samuel 5:17‑25 (structural): Full narrative parallel to 1 Chronicles 14: the wider account of the Philistine attacks and David's victories (including the encounter at Baal‑Perazim), showing the same sequence and theological interpretation.
- Isaiah 28:21 (allusion): Isaiah alludes to the event at Mount/Baal‑Perazim ('as in the day of Mount Perazim') as a paradigm of Yahweh's sudden judgment—linking the place and the motif of divine burst/assault on foes.
- Psalm 18:16 (thematic): Davidic psalm uses water imagery for divine deliverance ('He sent from above, he took me; he drew me out of many waters'), thematically paralleling the depiction of enemies being 'broken' like water.
- Exodus 15:8 (thematic): The Exodus song describes God gathering/punishing the waters against Egypt ('At the blast of your nostrils the waters piled up'), providing an OT motif of God using waters imagery to overthrow enemies, similar to the simile in 1 Chronicles 14:11.
Alternative generated candidates
- They came up to Baal-perazim, and there David struck them. David said, "God has burst through my enemies by my hand like a bursting forth of waters." Therefore they called the name of that place Baal-perazim.
- They went up to Baal-perazim, and there David struck them. David said, "God has burst through my enemies before me, like a bursting of waters;" therefore they called the name of that place Baal-perazim.
1 C.14.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעזבו: VERB,qal,wayq,3,m,pl
- שם: ADV
- את: PRT,acc
- אלהיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישרפו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:21 (verbal): Direct parallel account of the same Philistine encounter — both reports mention that the Philistines left their images there (Chronicles adds burning them).
- 2 Samuel 5:20 (structural): Part of the same narrative sequence (the naming of Baal‑Perazim and the Lord’s decisive intervention); Chronicles and Samuel share this battle framework.
- Judges 6:25–27 (thematic): Gideon’s tearing down and burning of Baal’s altar and Asherah‑pole parallels the motif of destroying/ burning pagan images presented in Chronicles.
- 2 Kings 10:26–27 (thematic): Jehu’s purge of Baal worship (destruction/defilement of Baal’s temple and images) reflects the broader biblical pattern of eliminating foreign gods illustrated by Chronicles’ burning of the idols.
Alternative generated candidates
- They left their gods there, and David commanded that they be burned with fire.
- They left their gods there, and David ordered that they be burned with fire.
1 C.14.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויסיפו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עוד: ADV
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- ויפשטו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- בעמק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam.5:22 (quotation): Direct parallel—same report that the Philistines came up again and spread themselves in the valley (same event and wording).
- 2 Sam.5:18 (thematic): Earlier occurrence of the Philistines encamping in the Valley of Rephaim; establishes the recurring Philistine threat in the same location.
- 1 Chr.14:8 (structural): Immediate parallel within the Chronicler’s own narrative describing the prior Philistine advance into the valley and David’s response (same episode in context).
- 2 Sam.5:24 (allusion): Continues the same campaign—gives God’s sign and strategy for attacking the Philistines who had spread in the valley, tying the encampment to the subsequent divine-directed victory.
Alternative generated candidates
- Again the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley.
- The Philistines again came up and spread themselves out in the valley.
1 C.14.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישאל: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעלה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- הסב: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- מעליהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ובאת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ממול: ADV
- הבכאים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:23 (verbal): Direct parallel narrative of the same event: David inquires of the LORD and receives the instruction not to go up but to come upon the Philistines from another direction (near the mulberry trees).
- 1 Samuel 30:8 (verbal): David again 'inquires of the LORD' about pursuing an enemy force; closely similar language and function—seeking divine guidance for military action and following the LORD's directive.
- 1 Samuel 23:2 (verbal): Another instance where David 'inquires of the LORD' about attacking or rescuing (in the Keilah episode); parallels in procedure and dependence on prophetic/Divine counsel for battle decisions.
- Judges 7:9-15 (thematic): Gideon receives specific tactical guidance and confirmation/sign from God before engagement (go down, approach and hear the sign); thematically parallels the pattern of God giving precise battlefield instructions and signs.
Alternative generated candidates
- And David inquired again of God. And God said to him, "Do not go up after them; circle around from them, and come against them opposite the mulberry trees."
- David again inquired of God, and God said to him, "Do not go up after them; turn aside from them and come against them opposite the mulberry trees.
1 C.14.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כשמעך: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הצעדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בראשי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- הבכאים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אז: ADV
- תצא: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms
- במלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפניך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- להכות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:24 (verbal): Direct parallel account of the same event; nearly identical wording about hearing the sound in the tops of the trees and God going before David to strike the Philistines.
- 2 Samuel 5:23-25 (structural): Wider narrative context in Samuel of David's encounter with the Philistines, describing the signs and God's guidance that lead to victory (same episode as 1 Chr 14:15).
- 1 Chronicles 14:14 (structural): Immediate context in Chronicles describing God's action against the Philistines and His going out before David, providing the causal background for the battle mentioned in v.15.
- Judges 7:22 (thematic): Gideon's victory where the Lord causes panic and rout among the enemy ranks—thematic parallel of divine intervention producing victory without conventional battle tactics.
- Joshua 6:20 (thematic): The sound of Israel's action (trumpets) precedes the miraculous victory at Jericho—a thematic link where a sound signals divine deliverance in battle.
Alternative generated candidates
- When you hear the sound of marching in the tops of the mulberry trees, then you shall go out to battle; for then the LORD will have gone out before you to strike the camp of the Philistines.
- When you hear the sound of marching in the tops of the mulberry trees, then you shall go out to battle; for God has gone out before you to strike the Philistine host."
1 C.14.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+OBJ:3,m,sg
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- מגבעון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- גזרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:25 (quotation): Nearly identical wording—records the same event: David did as God commanded and struck the Philistine host from Gibeon to Gezer (direct parallel account).
- 2 Samuel 5:19 (allusion): Describes David inquiring of the LORD and receiving a divine command to engage the Philistines—background for the statement that David acted 'as God commanded him.'
- 2 Samuel 5:20 (thematic): Continues the narrative of divine-directed victory over the Philistines (victory at the place later called Baal-perazim), thematically linked to the Chronicle’s report of battle and divine aid.
- 1 Chronicles 14:14 (structural): Immediate chapter-parallel: another verse in the same chapter emphasizing David’s defeat of the Philistines and the cessation of their threat, reinforcing the chronicler’s account of the victory.
Alternative generated candidates
- And David did as God commanded him, and struck the camp of the Philistines from Gibeon to Gezer.
- David did as God commanded him, and he struck the Philistine host from Gibeon to Gezer.
1 C.14.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארצות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ויהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- פחדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:10 (verbal): Both passages link David's rising fame/success with the LORD's presence — David grows greater because the LORD is with him, echoing Chronicles' statement that the LORD put fear of David upon the nations.
- 2 Samuel 7:9 (allusion): God's promise to make David 'a great name' and to be with him wherever he goes provides the theological basis for the report that David's name/radiance went out and nations feared him.
- 1 Chronicles 17:8–9 (structural): Chronicles' later retelling of Nathan's oracle repeats the claim that the LORD would be with David, give him rest from enemies, and establish his fame—reinforcing the same theme of divine support producing David's renown among the nations.
- 2 Samuel 8:6–8 (thematic): Account of David's military victories and the submission/tribute of surrounding peoples parallels the Chronicler's summary claim that David's reputation spread and that surrounding nations were made to fear him by the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- And David's renown went out through all the lands, and the LORD put the dread of him upon all the nations.
- And the name of David went out into all the lands, and the LORD put the fear of him upon all the nations.
When the Philistines heard that David had been anointed king over all Israel, all the Philistines went up to seek David; and when David heard of it, he went out before them.
The Philistines came and spread themselves in the Valley of Rephaim.
David inquired of God, saying, "Shall I go up against the Philistines? Will you deliver them into my hand?" And the LORD said to him, "Go up; I will deliver them into your hand."
They came up to Baal-perazim, and David struck them there. David said, "God has broken through my enemies by my hand like a bursting of waters," and therefore they called that place Baal-perazim.
They left their gods there, and David commanded that they be burned with fire.
Again the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley.
David inquired again of God; and God said to him, "Do not go up after them. Turn away from them and come upon them opposite the mulberry trees." And it shall be, when you hear the sound of marching in the tops of the mulberry trees, that you shall advance in battle; for then the LORD will go out before you to strike the host of the Philistines. So David did as God commanded him, and struck the Philistine host from Gibeon to Gezer.
David's name went out into all the lands, and the LORD put the fear of him upon all the nations.