The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There'
Ezekiel 48:30-35
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Eze.48.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- תוצאת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מפאת: PREP
- צפון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וארבעת: CONJ+NUM,card,masc,pl,cs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 48:31 (verbal): Lists the city's measurements on the east side using the same measuring-language and dimensions, parallel wording and function within the chapter's border description.
- Ezekiel 48:33 (verbal): Gives the measurement for the south side of the city in the same formulaic way, part of the fourfold listing of the city's sides.
- Ezekiel 40:5 (structural): Early in Ezekiel's temple vision a man with a measuring reed measures the city and its parts—structurally parallel as another instance of divine surveying and sacred measurement.
- Revelation 21:16 (thematic): Describes the New Jerusalem's dimensions (a precisely measured, divinely ordered city); thematically comparable as a vision of a measured, eschatological city.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now these are the exits of the city on the north side: five thousand and forty by measurement.
- And these are the measurements of the city: from the north side five hundred and four thousand by measure.
Eze.48.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושערי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שבטי: NOUN,m,pl,con
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שערים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שלושה: NUM,m,pl,abs
- צפונה: ADV
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לוי: PROPN,m,sg
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- Ezekiel 48:30-34 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter listing the city gates on each side (east, north, south, west) and naming the tribal gates—this verse is part of that full gate inventory and distribution.
- Revelation 21:12-13 (verbal): The New Testament image of the New Jerusalem has twelve gates named for the twelve tribes with three gates on each side (east, north, south, west), echoing Ezekiel’s arrangement and language.
- Ezekiel 40:5-16 (structural): Earlier in Ezekiel’s temple/city vision detailed descriptions and measurements of gates and entrances; both passages share the motif of ordered, measured gates and their orientation around the sanctuary/city.
- 1 Chronicles 9:17-27 (thematic): Lists gatekeepers and Levites assigned to specific gates of Jerusalem—parallels the theme of assigning gate roles and connecting gates with tribal/Levitical functions in the city.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the gates of the city were by the names of the tribes of Israel—three gates to the north: a gate of Reuben, one; a gate of Judah, one; a gate of Levi, one.
- And the gates of the city were by the names of the tribes of Israel—three gates: north, the gate of Reuben, one; the gate of Judah, one; the gate of Levi, one.
Eze.48.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- פאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קדימה: ADV
- חמש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וארבעת: CONJ+NUM,card,masc,pl,cs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושערים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שלשה: NUM,m
- ושער: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יוסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- Ezek.48:31 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same pericope listing the east-side gates and tribal names; continues the pattern of naming city gates after tribes (same vocabulary and structure).
- Ezek.48:33 (verbal): Follows verse 32 in the final allotment passage and continues the enumeration of gates and tribal designations on the boundary of the restored city—same descriptive schema.
- Ezek.47:13 (structural): Gives the earlier instruction to divide the land among the twelve tribes; provides the broader legal/structural context for the tribal allotments and named gates in Ezek. 48.
- Ezek.48:1-3 (structural): Parallel description of another side of the city (north) with three gates named for tribes; shows the recurring arrangement of three gates per side and tribal gate-names throughout the chapter.
- Rev.21:12-13 (thematic): New Testament parallel in which the gates of the eschatological city are named after the twelve tribes of Israel—echoes Ezekiel’s motif of gates bearing tribal names in a restored/eschatological city.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to the east side five thousand and forty by measurement; and three gates: a gate of Joseph, one; a gate of Benjamin, one; a gate of Dan, one.
- And toward the east side five hundred and four thousand by measure; and three gates: the gate of Joseph, one; the gate of Benjamin, one; the gate of Dan, one.
Eze.48.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ופאת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- נגבה: ADV
- חמש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וארבעת: CONJ+NUM,card,masc,pl,cs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושערים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שלשה: NUM,m
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יששכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבולן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- Ezekiel 48:30-34 (structural): The surrounding verses give the corresponding measurements and the three tribal gates on the other sides of the city—showing the same pattern of side-lengths and three gates named for tribes as in v.33.
- Ezekiel 48:1-29 (structural): Earlier in the chapter Ezekiel lays out the tribal allotments and the assignment of gates and portions—v.33 fits this overall plan of territorial divisions and gate-names for the idealized land.
- Revelation 21:12-13 (allusion): John’s description of the New Jerusalem with twelve gates named for the twelve tribes (three gates on each side) echoes Ezekiel’s city plan of gates named for tribes and a symmetrical four‑sided arrangement.
- Joshua 13–21 (thematic): The book of Joshua describes the historical allocation of territory to the twelve tribes of Israel; Ezekiel 48 reimagines tribal boundaries and gate‑names in a prophetic/idealized distribution analogous to these tribal allotments.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to the south side five thousand and forty by measurement; and three gates: a gate of Simeon, one; a gate of Issachar, one; a gate of Zebulun, one.
- And to the south side five hundred and four thousand by measure; and three gates: the gate of Simeon, one; the gate of Issachar, one; the gate of Zebulun, one.
Eze.48.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ימה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וארבעת: CONJ+NUM,card,masc,pl,cs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שעריהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- שלשה: NUM,m
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נפתלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- Ezekiel 48:31-33 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same chapter listing the city gates and the three named gates on each side (north/east/south), of which verse 34 continues the pattern for the west.
- Ezekiel 47:13-23 (structural): Earlier section of Ezekiel's vision that outlines the division of the land among the twelve tribes and the placement of tribal portions—background material for the gate-and-tribe arrangement in ch.48.
- Numbers 2:1-34 (thematic): The Israelite camp is organized with three tribes on each of the four sides around the tabernacle—an earlier tribal, four‑sided/three‑per‑side arrangement echoed in Ezekiel's city gates.
- Revelation 21:12-13 (allusion): The New Jerusalem has twelve gates named for the twelve tribes, three gates on each side—an apocalyptic reworking of the same motif of tribal-named gates and a four-sided city.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to the west side five thousand and forty by measurement; and their gates three: a gate of Gad, one; a gate of Asher, one; a gate of Naphtali, one.
- And to the west side five hundred and four thousand by measure; their gates three: the gate of Gad, one; the gate of Asher, one; the gate of Naphtali, one.
Eze.48.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- סביב: ADV
- שמנה: NUM,card,f,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מיום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שמה: ADV
Parallels
- Ezekiel 37:27 (verbal): Declares God’s dwelling among Israel—“My dwelling place shall be with them… and I will be their God”—closely echoes the city-name formula ‘The LORD is there.’
- Ezekiel 43:7 (structural): In the concluding temple vision God speaks of dwelling among the people and the place of his throne—provides the architectural/temple context for the final city-name announcement in ch.48.
- Revelation 21:3 (thematic): The vision of God dwelling with humanity—‘the tabernacle of God is with men… God himself will be with them’—echoes the eschatological promise expressed by the city-name ‘The LORD is there.’
- Zephaniah 3:17 (thematic): Proclaims the LORD ‘in your midst’ who will save and rejoice over you—a prophetic affirmation of God’s presence that parallels the declaration encapsulated in the city-name YHWH Shammah.
Alternative generated candidates
- All around was twelve thousand by measurement; and the name of the city from that day shall be, "The LORD is there."
- The circumference shall be eighteen thousand by measure; and the name of the city from that day shall be, "The LORD is there."
And these are the exits of the city on the north side: five hundred and forty‑four cubits by measurement. And the gates of the city by the names of the tribes of Israel—three gates: the gate of Reuben, one; the gate of Judah, one; the gate of Levi, one. And toward the east side five hundred and forty‑four cubits by measurement; three gates: the gate of Joseph, one; the gate of Benjamin, one; the gate of Dan, one. And toward the south side five hundred and forty‑four cubits by measurement; three gates: the gate of Simeon, one; the gate of Issachar, one; the gate of Zebulun, one. And toward the west side five hundred and forty‑four cubits by measurement; their gates three: the gate of Gad, one; the gate of Asher, one; the gate of Naphtali, one.
Its whole circumference will be twelve thousand; and the name of the city from that day on will be: "The LORD is there."