Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment
2 Kings 1:1-18
2 K.1.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויפשע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 3:5 (verbal): Repeats nearly the same wording: Mesha king of Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab — a direct verbal parallel to 2 Kings 1:1.
- 2 Kings 3:4-8 (thematic): Develops the Moabite rebellion introduced in 2 Kings 1:1, narrating Mesha’s revolt and the ensuing coalition of Israel, Judah, and Edom against Moab.
- 1 Kings 22:29-40 (structural): Narrates Ahab’s death at Ramoth‑Gilead; provides the immediate historical context for the temporal marker “after the death of Ahab” in 2 Kings 1:1.
- 2 Chronicles 18:31-34 (quotation): Chronicles’ parallel account of Ahab’s death (corresponding to 1 Kings 22), which establishes the same chronological turning point that precipitates Moab’s rebellion.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אחזיה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בעד: PREP
- השבכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בעליתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בשמרון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויחל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מלאכים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לכו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- דרשו: VERB,piel,impv,2,m,pl
- בבעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבוב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- עקרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- אחיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מחלי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,1,sg
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 28:7-20 (thematic): King Saul seeks forbidden supernatural help from a medium (the Witch of Endor); parallels Ahaziah's resort to a non‑Yahweh oracle for news of his health—both violate Israelite prohibitions and show royal reliance on illicit divination.
- Deuteronomy 18:10-12 (thematic): The law forbids divination, necromancy, and consulting 'the dead' or other gods. This provides the legal/ethical background that makes Ahaziah's inquiry of Baal‑zebub illicit.
- Matthew 12:24 (verbal): Uses the name 'Beelzebul/Beelzebub' to identify demonic power; echoes the place name/title Baal‑zebub (Baal of Ekron) in 2 Kgs 1:2 and reflects later interpretation of such foreign deities as demonic.
- Isaiah 8:19 (thematic): Condemns seeking mediums and spiritists instead of consulting God—a prophetic rebuke that thematically parallels the critique implicit in the narrative about Ahaziah's turning to a foreign god.
- 2 Kings 1:3-4 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel/continuation: Ahaziah sends messengers to Baal‑zebub, but Yahweh instructs Elijah to intercept them—directly connected episodes showing the confrontation between Yahweh's prophet and the king's reliance on a foreign oracle.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- התשבי: NOUN,adj,m,sg,def
- קום: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לקראת: PREP
- מלאכי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- שמרון: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ודבר: VERB,qal,fut,3,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- המבלי: PART
- אין: PART,neg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- הלכים: VERB,qal,ptc,.,m,pl
- לדרש: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בבעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- עקרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 18:21 (thematic): Elijah confronts Israel over wavering between Yahweh and Baal—same prophetic challenge to reliance on Baal rather than the God of Israel.
- 2 Kings 1:2 (structural): Immediate narrative antecedent: Ahaziah sends messengers to inquire of Baal-zebub of Ekron, which prompts the angel's instruction to Elijah in 1:3.
- Judges 2:11-13 (thematic): Describes Israel's recurring turning to Baals and foreign gods—background pattern for the king of Samaria seeking Baal-zebub.
- Matthew 12:24 (verbal): Pharisees accuse Jesus of casting out demons by 'Beelzebul/Beelzebub'—a later verbal echo of the deity-name (Baal-zebub) appearing in 2 Kgs 1:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולכן: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- המטה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עלית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- לא: PART_NEG
- תרד: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,sg
- ממנה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- תמות: VERB,qal,yiqtol,2,m,sg
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 1:17 (structural): Direct fulfillment in the same narrative: Ahaziah dies exactly as the man of God (Elijah) declared.
- 1 Kings 18:21 (thematic): Elijah's earlier rebuke to Israel for wavering between Yahweh and Baal echoes the condemnation of seeking a foreign deity (Baal‑zebub).
- 1 Kings 21:17-19 (thematic): Another prophetic oracle by Elijah announcing a ruler's doom because of sin (Ahab’s crimes), paralleling the form and function of a prophet declaring death as divine judgment.
- 1 Samuel 28:6-8 (thematic): Saul's resort to a medium when God does not answer him parallels Ahaziah’s seeking of an alternative diviner (Baal‑zebub) instead of Yahweh.
- Deuteronomy 18:10-12 (thematic): The Torah’s prohibition against divination and consulting occult practitioners provides the legal/theological backdrop for condemning Ahaziah’s inquiry of Baal‑zebub.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישובו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- המלאכים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- מה: PRON,int
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- שבתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- 2 Kings 1:3-4 (structural): Immediate narrative context: earlier messengers report Elijah’s rebuke to Ahaziah about inquiring of Baal-zebub — the return-and-report pattern continues in v.5.
- 2 Kings 1:10-12 (structural): Later in the same episode captains and their men are confronted by Elijah and consumed by fire from heaven — the escalation that follows the messengers’ return in v.5.
- 1 Kings 18:36-38 (verbal): Elijah’s prayer and God’s sending of fire from heaven to vindicate the prophet mirrors the divine fiery response later associated with Elijah’s encounters with royal envoys in 2 Kings 1.
- 1 Kings 18:21 (thematic): Elijah’s challenge to the people to choose between Yahweh and Baal parallels his rebuke here of reliance on a foreign deity (Baal-zebub) and the broader prophetic confrontation with idolatry.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לקראתנו: PREP+NOUN,fs,sg,abs+PRON,1,pl
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- לכו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- שובו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- אל: NEG
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- ודברתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- המבלי: PART
- אין: PART,neg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לדרש: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בבעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבוב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- עקרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לכן: ADV
- המטה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עלית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- לא: PART_NEG
- תרד: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,sg
- ממנה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- תמות: VERB,qal,yiqtol,2,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 1:16 (verbal): Elijah repeats the same prophetic formula to Ahaziah himself: because he sought Baal‑zebub, he will not recover but will die. This verse is a direct verbal parallel within the chapter.
- 2 Kings 1:3 (structural): Describes Ahaziah’s sending of messengers to consult Baal‑zebub at Ekron — the action that Elijah condemns in 1:6; it provides the immediate narrative background for the rebuke.
- 1 Kings 18:21 (thematic): Elijah challenges Israel to choose between the LORD and Baal (’If the LORD is God, follow him; but if Baal, follow him’), echoing the confrontation with Baal‑worship implicit in 2 Kings 1:6.
- Deuteronomy 18:10–12 (thematic): The Mosaic prohibition against divination, necromancy, and consulting other powers underlies the condemnation of seeking Baal‑zebub; 2 Kgs 1:6 reflects the covenantal ban on such practices.
- 1 Chronicles 10:13–14 (thematic): Saul’s death is linked to his consulting a medium (seeking forbidden divination); similarly, Ahaziah’s seeking Baal‑zebub brings a prophetic death sentence — both texts connect illicit seeking of other powers with fatal judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- מה: PRON,int
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לקראתכם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
Parallels
- 1 Kings 18:17-18 (thematic): Elijah confronts the royal court about who is responsible for Israel’s troubles; both passages feature a prophet challenging royal representatives and questioning actions/claims made about God's word.
- 1 Kings 22:8-23 (thematic): Interaction between Ahab, his messengers and the true/false prophets (Micaiah) — similar situation of royal inquiry, prophetic counterword, and the issue of whose message is authoritative.
- Jonah 1:7 (verbal): The sailors cast lots and ask which man among them is responsible; parallels the interrogative move in 2 Kgs 1:7—inquiring about the identity/role of the person who conveyed the decisive words.
- Deuteronomy 18:20-22 (structural): Gives the criterion for testing a prophet’s authenticity (whether predictions come to pass); relevant background for the exchange in 2 Kgs 1 where prophetic authority and legitimacy are at issue.
- Amos 7:14-15 (verbal): The prophet’s origins and legitimacy are challenged and he must account for his message; parallels the motif of questioning the identity/credentials of one who brings prophetic words.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואזור: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- עור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אזור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- במתניו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,poss:3,m,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- התשבי: NOUN,adj,m,sg,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 17:1 (verbal): Calls Elijah 'the Tishbite' (Heb. התשבי), the same appellation used in 2 Kings 1:8 identifying the prophet.
- Matthew 3:4 (verbal): Describes John the Baptist as wearing camel's hair and a leather girdle—language that echoes the 'hairy garment' and 'leathern girdle' of Elijah in 2 Kings 1:8.
- Mark 1:6 (verbal): Another Gospel description of John the Baptist's camel-hair clothing and leather belt, paralleling the attire ascribed to Elijah.
- Malachi 4:5 (thematic): Foretells the coming of Elijah before the day of the LORD, a theme invoked in later texts that identify Elijah (or his returning spirit) with figures like John the Baptist.
- Matthew 11:14 (thematic): Jesus states that John the Baptist is 'Elijah who was to come,' linking the Elijah tradition (including the distinctive garb and title) with John's prophetic role.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- וחמשיו: NUM,m,pl,poss,3,m,sg
- ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- והנה: ADV
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רדה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 1:10-12 (verbal): Immediate narrative continuation: the captain of fifty who confronts Elijah (sent in v.9) is struck down by fire from heaven for his insolence, completing the same episode.
- Numbers 16:35 (thematic): Divine fire consumes those who challenge God's appointed servant/authority (Korah and his company), thematically paralleling the punishment of the royal officers who confront Elijah.
- 1 Kings 18:17-18 (thematic): Elijah's bold public confrontation with royal power (Ahab) parallels his uncompromising stance before Ahaziah's emissaries—prophetic denunciation of kings and their agents.
- 2 Kings 2:5-7 (structural): A recurring Elijah/Elisha motif: prophetic authority tested in exchanges with groups/officials (the sons of the prophets and visiting delegations); structurally similar confrontations and questions about the prophet's role.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויענה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החמשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואם: CONJ
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- תרד: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,sg
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ותאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- חמשיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ותרד: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ותאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- ואת: CONJ
- חמשיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 18:38 (thematic): Elijah's prayer brings fire down from heaven to consume the sacrifice and prove Yahweh's power—same motif of divine fire responding to Elijah's word.
- 2 Kings 1:12 (structural): Immediate repetition within the same narrative: Elijah issues the same threat against the second captain and his fifty, using essentially the same language.
- Luke 9:54 (allusion): James and John ask Jesus to call down fire on a Samaritan village 'like Elijah'—an explicit New Testament echo of the Elijah tradition of calling down heavenly fire.
- Deuteronomy 4:24 (verbal): Yahweh is described as 'a consuming fire,' a theological formulation that provides background for depictions of divine fire consuming enemies in prophetic and narrative texts.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- אחר: PREP
- וחמשיו: CONJ,NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מהרה: ADV
- רדה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kgs 1:10 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same episode: the first captain and his fifty are sent, Elijah answers similarly and fire from heaven consumes them — same wording and outcome.
- 2 Kgs 1:12 (verbal): The second captain and his fifty receive the identical reply and the same divine judgment, repeating the verbal pattern and escalation in the narrative.
- 2 Kgs 1:15-16 (structural): The third captain approaches, humbles himself and receives mercy—this resolves the confrontation and contrasts with the fate of the earlier captains.
- 1 Kgs 18:36-38 (thematic): Elijah’s calling of fire from heaven on Mount Carmel provides the theological background for divine fire consuming the captains here—both scenes affirm Elijah’s prophetic authority through heavenly fire.
- Num 16:35 (thematic): Divine fire consuming those who challenge God’s appointed order (Korah’s rebels) parallels the motif of heavenly judgment falling on those who confront divine authority mediated by a prophet.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- אם: CONJ
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- תרד: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,sg
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ותאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- חמשיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss,3,m,sg
- ותרד: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מן: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ותאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- ואת: CONJ
- חמשיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 1:10 (verbal): Same formula earlier in the episode: Elijah warns the first two captains that fire will come down and consume them and their fifty if he is a man of God (almost identical wording).
- 2 Kings 1:14 (verbal): The narrative follow-up: Elijah repeats the threat and the third captain and his fifty are consumed by fire—fulfillment of the conditional curse in 1:12.
- 1 Kings 18:38 (thematic): Elijah calls down the 'fire of the LORD' to consume the burnt offering on Mount Carmel—same verb and theological motif of divine fire validating the prophet.
- Numbers 16:35 (thematic): The LORD sends fire that consumes Korah and his followers for rebellion—parallel motif of heavenly fire executing divine judgment on challengers.
- 2 Chronicles 7:1 (thematic): At Solomon’s dedication the fire of the LORD falls and consumes the sacrifices—another instance of deity-sent fire consuming offerings/people as a sign of divine acceptance or judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- וחמשיו: NUM,card,poss,3,m
- ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החמשים: NUM,card,def
- השלישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ויכרע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ברכיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+sfx3,m
- לנגד: PREP
- אליהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויתחנן: VERB,hitp,impf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תיקר: VERB,qal,impf/juss,3,f,sg
- נא: PART
- נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
- ונפש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עבדיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2ms
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- בעיניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,2,ms
Parallels
- 2 Kings 1:10 (quotation): Immediate parallel in the same episode: the first captain and his fifty are consumed by fire from heaven after confronting Elijah (same miraculous judgment described earlier in the chapter).
- 2 Kings 1:12 (quotation): Another immediate parallel: the second captain and his fifty suffer the same fate — reinforces the pattern that precedes the third captain’s kneeling and plea in v.13.
- 1 Kings 18:38 (verbal): Elijah’s earlier invocation of God’s fire on Mount Carmel (the LORD’s fire consuming the sacrifice) provides a verbal/thematic parallel to fire coming down from heaven to consume the captains.
- 2 Kings 4:27 (structural): A comparable narrative moment where a petitioner falls at the prophet’s feet and urgently pleads for life or help (the Shunammite woman pleading with Elisha for her son), mirroring the kneeling and entreaty in 2 Kgs 1:13.
- Isaiah 37:36 (thematic): Divine destruction of an armed host (the angel striking the Assyrian army) parallels the theme of God executing judgment on armed men sent against His prophet.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- ירדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ותאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- החמשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הראשנים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- חמשיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss,3,m,pl
- ועתה: CONJ
- תיקר: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
- בעיניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,2,ms
Parallels
- 1 Kings 18:38 (verbal): Elijah's prayer results in 'the fire of the LORD' coming down from heaven to consume—same motif/phrase as the heavenly fire that consumes opponents in 2 Kgs 1.
- Numbers 16:35 (verbal): The LORD sends fire that consumes Korah and his followers (the 250 men); a direct narrative parallel of divine fire consuming groups as judgment.
- Leviticus 10:2 (verbal): Fire from the LORD comes out and consumes Nadab and Abihu for offering strange fire—another instance of divine fire executing immediate judgment.
- 2 Chronicles 7:1 (thematic): Fire comes down from heaven and consumes the burnt offering at Solomon's dedication—shared theme of divine approval/manifestation via heavenly fire.
- Hebrews 12:29 (thematic): Describes God as 'a consuming fire,' summarizing the theological motif behind acts like the heavenly fire in 2 Kgs 1 as divine, purifying/judicial action.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אליהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- רד: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- אותו: PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- תירא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- מפניו: PREP+3ms
- ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אותו: PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Jeremiah 1:7-8 (verbal): God commissions the prophet and immediately reassures him—'Do not be afraid' (or similar wording). Parallel in form and content: a divine commission paired with the command not to fear hostile men.
- 1 Kings 17:9 (structural): Earlier divine directive to Elijah—'Arise, get thee to Zarephath'—showing the same pattern of a prophetic summons/command to go to a particular place or person.
- Jonah 1:2 (thematic): A simple divine injunction 'Arise, go to Nineveh' echoes the motif of God/angel directing a prophet to go on mission; both verses involve a pointed divinely‑given movement.
- Judges 6:12-14 (thematic): The angel of the LORD appears to Gideon with a commissioning word and an implicit reassurance (addressing fear and weakness). Parallel in that an angelic/ divine messenger commissions a reluctant servant and calms fear before action.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- יען: CONJ
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שלחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- מלאכים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לדרש: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בבעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- עקרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המבלי: PART
- אין: PART,neg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לדרש: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בדברו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- לכן: ADV
- המטה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עלית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- לא: PART_NEG
- תרד: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,sg
- ממנה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- תמות: VERB,qal,yiqtol,2,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 1:10 (verbal): The same formula—Elijah challenges a captain of fifty with 'If I be a man of God, let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty'—is used earlier in the chapter; a direct verbal repetition/pattern.
- 2 Kings 1:4 (structural): Earlier in the narrative Elijah prophesies Ahaziah's death for sending to Baal‑zebub; 1:16 echoes and fulfills that oracle (the motif of judgment for consulting a foreign god and the pronouncement that he will die).
- 1 Kings 18:37–38 (thematic): Elijah calls on Yahweh and fire comes down from heaven to consume the sacrifice—the same divine demonstration of Yahweh's power by consuming with fire, linking Elijah's ministry actions and theophanic fire motif.
- 1 Chronicles 10:13–14 (thematic): Saul's death is attributed to seeking a medium rather than the LORD; thematically parallels Ahaziah's judgment for consulting a foreign deity/soothsayer and divine punishment for turning from God.
- Deuteronomy 18:9–12 (allusion): The law forbids consulting diviners, soothsayers, and necromancers; 2 Kgs 1 condemns Ahaziah's inquiry of Baal‑zebub as illicit divination and grounds for prophetic judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אליהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- ליהורם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהושפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 1:16 (quotation): Immediate antecedent: Elijah explicitly pronounces Ahaziah's death for consulting Baal-zebub; 2 Kgs 1:17 reports the fulfillment 'as the word of the LORD which Elijah had spoken.'
- 2 Kings 2:11-12 (thematic): Affirms Elijah's prophetic authority and succession motif; Elijah's prophetic activity and authoritative speeches (which bring about divine judgment) are framed by his departure and Elisha's succession.
- 1 Kings 22:17, 37-38 (thematic): Micaiah's prophetic denunciation of Ahab and the narrative notice that Ahab died in accordance with prophecy provides a parallel pattern: a prophet speaks judgment and the king's death is reported as fulfillment of the divine word.
- 2 Kings 9:10, 33-37 (thematic): Jehu's prophetic proclamation against Jezebel (that dogs would eat her) and the subsequent narrative fulfillment illustrate the same motif of a prophetic oracle followed by a report that the event occurred as the word of the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
2 K.1.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הלוא: PART
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- כתובים: VERB,pual,ptcp,m,pl
- על: PREP
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למלכי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 11:41 (verbal): Uses the same closing formula about a king’s deeds: 'And the rest of the acts of Solomon... are they not written in the book of the acts of Solomon?' — a verbal and functional parallel to 2 Kgs 1:18.
- 1 Kings 14:29 (verbal): Another near-identical formula: 'And the rest of the acts of Jeroboam... are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?' — same wording and referential function.
- 2 Chronicles 9:29 (structural): Chronicles uses a comparable closing formula citing other sources for a king’s deeds ('the rest of the acts of Solomon... are they not written in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the prophecy of Ahijah...'), showing the same literary practice of directing readers to royal/prophetic records.
Alternative generated candidates
- No alternatives.
Now Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab.
Ahaziah fell through the lattice in the upper chamber of his house in Samaria; he was sick, and he sent messengers and said to them, 'Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall recover from this sickness.' But a messenger of the LORD spoke to Elijah the Tishbite, 'Arise, go up to meet the messengers of the king of Samaria, and say to them, "Is it because there is no God in Israel that you go to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron?"'
Therefore thus says the LORD: 'The bed on which you have gone up you shall not come down from; you shall surely die.' Then he went.
The messengers returned to him and said, 'Why have you returned?'
They said to him, 'A man went up to meet us and said to us, "Go back to the king who sent you and say to him, 'Thus says the LORD: Is it because there is no God in Israel that you send to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore the bed on which you have gone up you shall not come down from; you shall surely die.'"'
He said to them, 'What sort of man was he who came up to meet you and told you these words?'
They answered him, 'A man clothed with hair, with a leather belt about his waist.' He said, 'It is Elijah the Tishbite.'
Then the king sent a captain of fifty with his fifty; and he went up to him. And behold, he sat on the top of the hill; and he said to him, 'O man of God, the king commands you, Come down.'
Elijah answered the captain of fifty, 'If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty.'
He returned and sent to him another captain of fifty with his fifty. The second captain came and said to him, 'O man of God, thus says the king: Hurry, come down.'
Elijah answered him, 'If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty.'
Again he sent a captain of fifty with his fifty. The third captain went up and came and bowed down on his knees before Elijah and entreated him, saying, 'O man of God, please—let my life and the lives of these fifty servants be precious in your sight.'
Behold, fire came down from heaven and consumed the two captains of fifty and their fifties. Then the third captain fell on his knees before Elijah and pleaded, 'Now let my life be precious in your sight.'
The messenger of the LORD said to Elijah, 'Go down with him; do not be afraid of him.' So Elijah rose and went down with him to the king.
Elijah said to him, 'Thus says the LORD: Because you sent messengers to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron—now therefore, because there is no God in Israel to be inquired of—therefore the bed on which you have gone up you shall not come down from it; you shall surely die.' So he died according to the word of the LORD which Elijah had spoken. And Jehoram reigned in his place in the second year of Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah; for he had no son.
The rest of the acts of Ahaziah, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?