Boundaries of the Land
Numbers 34:1-29
Num.34.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Numbers 1:1 (verbal): Uses the same formulaic opening “And the LORD spake unto Moses,” introducing legal/administrative material (here, the census) — a close verbal parallel.
- Leviticus 1:1 (verbal): Another priestly context where the LORD calls and speaks to Moses to introduce laws (sacrificial regulations), showing the recurrent divine-address formula.
- Exodus 6:2 (verbal): “And God spake unto Moses” occurs when God reveals himself and promises deliverance — a verbal parallel of divine communication to Moses.
- Numbers 33:50-54 (thematic): God speaks to Moses about entering and possessing the land and its boundaries — an immediate thematic parallel to Num 34’s instructions about the land’s borders.
- Numbers 26:52-56 (thematic): Instructions about apportioning the land to the tribes according to their numbers; thematically complements Num 34’s prescriptions for the land and tribal allotments.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
- The LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Num.34.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- באים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- בנחלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לגבלתיה: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,f,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 15:18 (allusion): God's covenantal grant of the land to Abraham's descendants—'I give this land'—provides the patriarchal foundation for Israel's later allotment in Canaan.
- Genesis 17:8 (thematic): Reiterates the promise that the land will be an inheritance for Abraham and his offspring, echoing the theme of the land as allotted possession.
- Deuteronomy 1:8 (verbal): Moses' command to 'see, I have set the land before you; go in and possess it' closely parallels the exhortation to Israel as they come into Canaan to receive their inheritance.
- Numbers 33:50-56 (structural): Immediate Numbers context giving instructions for entering and possessing the land of Canaan; it frames the practical and legal aspects of the allotment mentioned in 34:2.
- Joshua 1:2-4 (thematic): God's charge to Joshua that He will give Israel every place they set foot and the description of territorial boundaries parallels the promise and boundary-oriented language of Israel's land inheritance.
Alternative generated candidates
- Command the people of Israel and say to them: When you come into the land of Canaan, this is the land that shall fall to you as an inheritance—the land of Canaan with its borders.
- Command the sons of Israel and say to them: When you come into the land of Canaan, this is the land that shall fall to you as an inheritance—the land of Canaan with its borders.
Num.34.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- פאת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- נגב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ממדבר: PREP
- צן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- נגב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מקצה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- קדמה: ADV
Parallels
- Numbers 34:7 (structural): Continues/repeats the chapter’s detailed statement of the southern boundary, explicitly linking the border to the Salt Sea (Dead Sea) and the Negeb — part of the same border specification.
- Joshua 15:1-4 (verbal): Gives Judah’s southern border using the same landmarks (wilderness of Zin, the Salt Sea/‘end of the sea’), essentially restating Numbers’ border language for tribal allotment.
- Joshua 19:8 (thematic): Describes the southern allotments (Simeon) and notes borders reaching toward Edom/Negeb — thematically paralleling Numbers’ concern with the border along Edom and the southern wilderness.
- Ezekiel 47:13-20 (thematic): Ezekiel’s prophetic delimitation of the land outlines a southern boundary in the Negeb/Tamar region and references the ‘sea’ as a border — echoing the Pentateuch’s territorial framework for Israel’s southern edge.
Alternative generated candidates
- Your southern edge shall be from the wilderness of Zin along the side of Edom; your southern border shall be from the end of the Salt Sea eastward.
- Your southern side shall be from the wilderness of Zin by the side of Edom; your southern boundary shall begin at the end of the Salt Sea eastward.
Num.34.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונסב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- הגבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מנגב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למעלה: PREP+ADV
- עקרבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועבר: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- צנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והיו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- תוצאתיו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss,3,m,sg
- מנגב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לקדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברנע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- חצר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועבר: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עצמנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:2 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: the opening verse of the border section frames the southern boundary language that verse 34:4 continues and specifies.
- Joshua 15:2-3 (verbal): Direct repetition of the southern boundary description in the allotment for Judah — includes the same landmarks (the Ascent of Akrabbim/Ma'aleh ha‑Akrabbim, Azmon, and the Brook/River of Egypt).
- Joshua 19:1-9 (structural): The allotment for the tribe of Simeon (located within Judah's territory) repeats and presupposes the same southern landmarks and shows how those boundary markers function in later tribal divisions.
- Exodus 23:31 (thematic): Thematic parallel: God describes setting the nation's borders — from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean and from the wilderness to the river — echoing the idea of divinely‑determined territorial limits.
- Ezekiel 47:13-20 (thematic): Later prophetic re‑description of tribal allotments and precise borders; parallels Numbers 34:4 in its concern for fixed, enumerated boundaries for Israel's land.
Alternative generated candidates
- The border shall turn from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim, pass on to Zin; its goings out shall be from the south to Kadesh‑barnea, and it shall extend to Hazar‑addar and pass on to Azmon.
- And the border shall turn from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim, pass on to Zin, and its outgoings shall reach to the south of Kadesh‑barnea; Hazeroth shall go forth and pass on to Azmon.
Num.34.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונסב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הגבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מעצמון: PREP+NOUN,proper,m,sg,abs
- נחלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- והיו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- תוצאתיו: NOUN,f,pl,cons+PRON,3,m,sg
- הימה: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Num.34:6-7 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same border description (southwest boundary from Azmon to the sea); repeats and expands the same itinerary and place-names.
- Exod.23:31 (verbal): Yahweh promises to set Israel's borders “from the Red Sea to the sea of the Philistines” (i.e., to the sea) — a comparable formulation about the extent of the land.
- Josh.1:4 (verbal): God’s promise of the land uses similar geographic language (“from the wilderness and this Lebanon even unto the great sea…”) defining the promised territory’s reach to the sea.
- Deut.11:24 (thematic): Promise that every place the Israelites’ feet tread will be theirs, enumerating broad territorial possession (from wilderness to Lebanon and sea) — thematically parallels the boundary language in Num 34:5.
- Ezek.47:15-20 (allusion): Prophetic re‑description of Israel’s territorial boundaries and tribal allotments, specifying borders that reach the sea — thematically and legally analogous to the allotment language in Numbers 34.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the border shall turn from Azmon to the brook of Egypt, and its goings out shall be to the sea.
- And the border shall turn from Azmon to the brook of Egypt, and its limit shall be to the sea.
Num.34.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וגבול: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- וגבול: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 1:4 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'to the great sea' (western extent) in listing Israel's territorial limits, directly paralleling Num 34:6's designation of the Great Sea as the western border.
- Deuteronomy 11:24 (verbal): Repeats the language of territorial extent 'unto the great sea,' affirming the sea as a boundary of the land to be possessed by Israel, echoing Num 34:6.
- Exodus 23:31 (thematic): God defines the land's borders with reference to seas ('from the Red Sea to the Sea of the Philistines'), similarly employing maritime features as boundary markers like Num 34:6.
- Ezekiel 47:15 (structural): In the prophetic allotment of the land, the western limit is likewise 'the great sea,' structurally echoing Numbers' use of the sea as the country's western border.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the western border shall be the Great Sea; this shall be your western limit.
- And the western boundary shall be the sea; this Great Sea shall be your western border.
Num.34.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וזה: CONJ+PRON,dem,m,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- צפון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- הגדל: ADJ,m,sg,def
- תתאו: VERB,qal,impf,2,?,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Num.34:8 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same boundary list—continues the north-border description from the Great Sea to Mount Hor, sharing language and sequence.
- Josh.1:4 (verbal): Joshua's territorial summary uses similar boundary language ('from the wilderness to this Lebanon, and from the great sea to the river'), echoing the national borders motif and 'Great Sea' formula.
- Ezek.47:13-20 (structural): Ezekiel's allotment of the land includes a detailed north-south boundary scheme ('from the great sea')—a later, prophetic reworking of territorial-border conventions.
- Gen.15:18 (allusion): God's covenant to Abraham defines broad territorial limits ('from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates'), providing an overarching promise that frames later, more specific border listings like Num.34:7.
Alternative generated candidates
- And this shall be your northern border: from the Great Sea set your boundary to Mount Hor.
- And this shall be your northern border: from the Great Sea you shall set your boundary to Mount Hor.
Num.34.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מהר: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תתאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- לבא: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- חמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- והיו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- תוצאת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- הגבל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- צדדה: NOUN,f,sg,prop
Parallels
- Joshua 13:5 (verbal): Uses Hamath as a northern boundary in describing the extent of Israel's territory—parallels Num 34:8's mention of the entrance of Hamath.
- Joshua 1:4 (structural): Gives an overall territorial outline for Israel (from Lebanon/wilderness to the Euphrates/great sea), echoing the same boundary-setting function as Num 34:8.
- Ezekiel 47:15-20 (verbal): Gives a detailed list of the land's borders for future allotment and explicitly names the entrance of Hamath and neighboring points, mirroring the language and boundary sequence of Num 34.
- 1 Kings 4:21 (thematic): Describes the extent of Solomon's rule ‘from the river’ to the border of Egypt, reflecting the same concern with territorial limits and the Euphrates/Hamath region as in Num 34:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- From Mount Hor set the line to Lebo‑hamath; the goings out of the border shall be to Zedad.
- From Mount Hor you shall draw to Lebo‑hamath, and the limit shall be to Zedad.
Num.34.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הגבל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- זפרנה: NOUN,f,sg,prop
- והיו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- תוצאתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- חצר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עינן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- צפון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:1-15 (structural): Immediate context — the chapter gives the full programmatic description of Israel’s borders; v.9 is part of the north‑border specification (Hazarenan/Hazar Enan).
- Joshua 21:43-45 (thematic): Summary statement that God gave Israel the land as He promised, effectively realizing the territorial boundaries assigned in the wilderness instructions (fulfillment theme of the border allotments).
- Ezekiel 47:15-20 (thematic): Ezekiel’s prophetic re‑division of the land lists a northward boundary and assigns portions to tribes — a later theological recapitulation of territorial boundary language and tribal allotment motifs.
- Genesis 15:18 (thematic): The patriarchal promise of land 'from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates' provides the wider covenantal backdrop to later, more detailed boundary descriptions such as Numbers 34.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the boundary shall go out to Ziphon, and its goings out shall be at Hazar‑enon; this shall be your northern border.
- Then the boundary shall go out to Ziphron, and its limit shall be to Hazar‑enon—this shall be your northern border.
Num.34.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והתאויתם: VERB,hitpael,perf,2,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- לגבול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדמה: ADV
- מחצר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עינן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:1-12 (structural): Immediate context — the chapter sets out the full boundary instructions of the land; v.10 is part of this contiguous set of border specifications.
- Joshua 15:2-4 (verbal): Gives Judah's southern border, mentioning the ascent of Akrabbim and Kadesh‑barnea — closely parallels Numbers' detailed southern/eastern border terminology.
- Joshua 1:4 (structural): Restates the territorial extent of the promised land for Israel (‘from the wilderness and this Lebanon… to the great river’), paralleling the theme of defining national borders.
- Genesis 15:18-21 (allusion): God's covenant to Abraham delimiting the land (‘from the river of Egypt to the Euphrates’) — an earlier foundational allotment that undergirds later boundary descriptions.
- Ezekiel 47:13-20 (thematic): Prophetic re‑allocation of territorial borders for the restored land; echoes the same concern with precise boundary definitions and tribal allotments.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall set your front border eastward: from Hazar‑enon to Shepham.
- And you shall set your eastern boundary from Hazar‑enon to Shepham.
Num.34.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הגבל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- משפם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הרבלה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מקדם: PREP
- לעין: PREP
- וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הגבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומחה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כתף: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כנרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קדמה: ADV
Parallels
- Numbers 34:6-12 (verbal): Immediate context: the chapter gives the full eastern and northern border description for the land, including the reference to the Sea of Chinnereth (Sea of Galilee) and related place-names.
- Joshua 19:34-39 (structural): Joshua's allotment of Naphtali describes towns and territory adjacent to the Sea of Chinnereth, paralleling Num. 34's boundary language for the same region.
- Joshua 1:4 (thematic): Promises the extent of the Promised Land with boundary-language (from wilderness to Lebanon, Euphrates to the sea), echoing the concern with precise territorial borders found in Num. 34:11.
- Ezekiel 47:13-20 (cf. 48:1-29) (allusion): Prophetic redivision of the land among the tribes uses similar boundary-formulas and tribal allotment patterns, alluding to the legal/territorial schema set out in Numbers 34.
Alternative generated candidates
- The border shall go down from Shepham to Riblah on the east side of Ain; it shall go down and reach to the side of the Sea of Galilee toward the east.
- The border shall go down from Shepham to Riblah on the east side of Ain; and it shall go down and reach to the side of the Sea of Chinnereth (the Sea of Galilee) on the east.
Num.34.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הגבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הירדנה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והיו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- תוצאתיו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לגבלתיה: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3fs
- סביב: ADV
Parallels
- Josh.15.5 (verbal): Almost identical territorial wording — the border 'went down to the Jordan and its ends were the Salt Sea' appears as the southern boundary for Judah, paralleling Num 34:12's border description.
- Gen.13.10 (thematic): Abram/ Lot's view of the Jordan plain 'as far as Zoar' and the well‑watered Jordan valley links the same geography (Jordan/Dead Sea region) invoked in Num 34:12.
- Ezek.47:8-10 (thematic): The prophetic vision of waters flowing eastward into the Arabah and entering the (Dead) Sea thematically echoes the movement of the Jordan's waters to the Salt Sea mentioned in Num 34:12.
- Deut.11:24 (thematic): God's promise of territorial boundaries 'from the wilderness and Lebanon ... even unto the uttermost sea' resonates with Num 34:12's concern to define the land's limits along the Jordan to the Salt Sea.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the border shall go down to the Jordan, and its goings out shall be to the Salt Sea. This shall be the land with its surrounding borders.
- And the border shall go down to the Jordan, and its limit shall be the Salt Sea; this shall be your land with its surrounding borders.
Num.34.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תתנחלו: VERB,hitp,imprf,2,m,pl
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- בגורל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- לתשעת: PREP+NUM,card,cons
- המטות: NOUN,m,pl,abs,def
- וחצי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המטה: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Num.26:52-56 (verbal): Same legal instruction: the land is to be divided by lot among the tribes as the LORD commanded Moses (explicitly echoes the command to allot inheritances).
- Josh.18:10 (verbal): Joshua casts lots at Shiloh to distribute the land to the sons of Israel; mirrors Moses’ directive that the land be allotted by lot among the tribes.
- Josh.14:1-5 (thematic): Summary and enactment of tribal inheritances after the conquest—continuation of the process of assigning the land to the tribes and the half-tribe.
- Ezek.48:8-29 (allusion): Prophetic redivision of the land with detailed tribal allotments (including allocations resembling half‑tribe divisions); thematically echoes the idea of fixed tribal inheritances and boundaries.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses commanded the people of Israel, saying, This is the land that you shall inherit by lot, which the LORD has commanded to give to the nine tribes and the half‑tribe.
- And Moses commanded the sons of Israel, saying: This is the land which you shall divide by lot for an inheritance, which the LORD commanded to give to the nine tribes and the half‑tribe.
Num.34.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- לקחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הראובני: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבתם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m,pl
- ומטה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הגדי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבתם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m,pl
- וחצי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לקחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- נחלתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,suff:3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 32:1-5 (structural): Narrative account of the Reubenites and Gadites requesting and receiving land east of the Jordan — the origin of their possession mentioned in Num 34:14.
- Deuteronomy 3:12-17 (verbal): Moses' allocation of the land of Gilead to the two tribes and half of Manasseh restates the territorial grant referenced in Num 34:14.
- Joshua 13:24-28 (structural): Joshua’s summary list of the territories east of the Jordan assigned to Reuben, Gad and half of Manasseh parallels the territorial claim in Num 34:14.
- Joshua 22:4-5 (thematic): Joshua’s charge and blessing as he sends the Reubenites, Gadites and half-tribe of Manasseh to their homes echoes their settlement and inheritance mentioned in Num 34:14.
- 1 Chronicles 5:10-17 (allusion): Genealogical and territorial note describing the tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh dwelling and fighting in Gilead — a later reference to the same allotment tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the tribes of Reuben and Gad have received their inheritance, and half the tribe of Manasseh have taken their possession.
- For the tribes of the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad have taken their inheritance, and half the tribe of Manasseh has taken its possession.
Num.34.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- המטות: NOUN,m,pl,abs,def
- וחצי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cons
- המטה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לקחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- נחלתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,pl
- מעבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לירדן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדמה: ADV
- מזרחה: ADV
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 3:12-17 (verbal): Specifies the allotment east of the Jordan to Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh, using similar language about their possession beyond the Jordan.
- Joshua 13:8-12 (verbal): Gives the territorial assignment of the two-and-a-half tribes east of the Jordan; repeats the same list of tribes and boundaries.
- Joshua 22:4 (thematic): Joshua commissions the two-and-a-half tribes to return to their inheritance beyond the Jordan, echoing the settlement arrangement noted in Num 34:15.
- Numbers 32:1-5 (thematic): Narrates the request of Reuben, Gad (and half-Manasseh) to settle on the east side of the Jordan, the narrative background to the allotment stated in Num 34:15.
- 1 Chronicles 5:10-17 (allusion): Summarizes the genealogy and settlement of the tribes east of the Jordan, confirming their possession and echoing the territorial claim of the two-and-a-half tribes.
Alternative generated candidates
- Two tribes and a half have taken their inheritance beyond the Jordan, toward the sunrise, eastward.
- The two tribes and the half‑tribe have their inheritance beyond the Jordan, eastward toward the sunrise.
Num.34.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Exodus 6:2 (verbal): Same formula of divine address—'God spake unto Moses, and said'—introducing revelation/commands to Moses.
- Leviticus 1:1 (structural): A near-identical narrative framing ('And the LORD called unto Moses, and spake unto him... saying') used to introduce priestly legislation and instructions.
- Numbers 27:12 (verbal): Another instance in Numbers where God speaks directly to Moses ('And the LORD said unto Moses'), here giving specific instructions about leadership and the land—closely parallel in function and phrasing.
- Joshua 1:1 (thematic): Continuity of the divine commissioning motif—after Moses' ministry God likewise speaks to Joshua with instructions for the people and the land, echoing the pattern of divine address to Israel's leaders.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
- The LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Num.34.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- האנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ינחלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויהושע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:16 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same context — lists the leaders appointed to divide the land, providing the names of the tribal representatives connected to the officers (Eleazar and Joshua) named in 34:17.
- Numbers 27:18-23 (allusion): Describes the commissioning of Joshua by Moses and the role of Eleazar and the community in installing Joshua as leader — thematically linked to Joshua and Eleazar’s leadership in distributing the land.
- Numbers 26:52-56 (thematic): Gives the legal instructions for apportioning the land among the tribes — provides the procedural background for the task assigned to Eleazar and Joshua in 34:17.
- Joshua 14:1-4 (verbal): Explicitly recounts that Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun, with the tribal leaders, allocated the land — closely parallels the names and function stated in Numbers 34:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the names of the men who shall apportion the land for you: Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun.
- These are the names of the men who shall apportion the land for you: Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun.
Num.34.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- נשיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- ממטה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תקחו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- לנחל: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 1:4 (verbal): Like Num 34:18, Numbers 1:4 speaks of appointing one leader from each tribe (a head/representative), using the same administrative principle of 'one from each tribe.'
- Exodus 18:21-22 (thematic): Jethro's advice to Moses to appoint able men as officials/heads over groups parallels the institutional idea of selecting tribal leaders to administer and manage the people.
- Joshua 18:1-10 (structural): Joshua assembles men to survey and divide the remaining land among the tribes; this describes the practical implementation of allotting the land by tribal representatives, paralleling Num 34:18's appointment for dividing the land.
- Ezekiel 47:13-23 (thematic): Ezekiel's oracle about measuring and allotting the land among the twelve tribes (including boundaries and tribal portions) echoes the theme of dividing the land by tribal inheritance as in Num 34:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall take one leader—one head—from each tribe to divide the land.
- Take one leader—one leader from each tribe—to divide the land for an inheritance.
Num.34.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- האנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למטה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- כלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יפנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 13:6 (verbal): Caleb son of Jephunneh appears earlier as one of the spies sent from the tribe of Judah — same personal designation and tribal association.
- Numbers 32:12 (verbal): Mentions Caleb son of Jephunneh as the sole member of his generation (with Joshua) permitted to enter the land — underscores his distinct status among Judahites.
- Joshua 14:6-14 (thematic): Narrative where Caleb, identified as son of Jephunneh of Judah, claims his inheritance (Hebron) — connects the name in the list with his later leadership and land allotment.
- Joshua 15:13-19 (verbal): Record of Caleb son of Jephunneh receiving Hebron and granting land to his daughter Achsah; directly links the named leader for Judah to his territorial inheritance.
- 1 Chronicles 4:15 (structural): Genealogical listing that includes Caleb son of Jephunneh among Judah’s clansmen — a parallel listing functionally similar to the names list in Numbers 34.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the tribe of Judah: Caleb son of Jephunneh.
- To the tribe of Judah: Caleb son of Jephunneh.
Num.34.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולמטה: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שמעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמיהוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:19-29 (structural): The verse is part of this contiguous list of tribal representatives appointed to oversee the division of the Promised Land; the group of verses functions as the commission roster for the allotment process.
- Joshua 19:1-9 (thematic): Gives the specific allotment and boundaries for the tribe of Simeon (whose representative is named in Num 34:20); shows the outcome of the land-distribution process for this tribe.
- Joshua 18:5-10 (structural): Describes the procedure of surveying the land and appointing men to divide the territory among the tribes — the same administrative process for which the Numbers 34 commissioners (including the Simeonite named in v.20) are appointed.
- Genesis 49:5-7 (thematic): Jacob’s oracle concerning Simeon (and Levi) addresses the character and future of the tribe — a background tradition that informs later references to Simeon’s territory and administrative standing in allotment texts.
- 1 Chronicles 4:24-31 (thematic): Contains genealogical and settlement material for the tribe of Simeon, relating to its families and locales — a later reflection on Simeon’s composition and territorial presence connected to allotment accounts like Num 34:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the tribe of Simeon: Samuel son of Ammihud.
- To the tribe of Simeon: Samuel son of Ammihud.
Num.34.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- למטה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
- אלידד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כסלון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:17 (structural): Introductory verse to the same list of tribal representatives appointed to oversee the division of Canaan; Num 34:21 is one entry in this roster.
- Numbers 34:22 (structural): Another entry in the same catalogue of tribal commissioners (to Dan), showing the same pattern of naming one leader for each tribe as with Elidad for Benjamin.
- Numbers 1:11 (verbal): Names a different leader of the tribe of Benjamin (Abidan son of Gideoni) in the earlier census/list of tribal heads—parallel in function (tribal leadership) and in explicit reference to the tribe of Benjamin.
- Joshua 18:1-10 (thematic): Describes the later process of surveying and allotting the land among the tribes (men sent out to view the land and divide it by lot), paralleling the task for which the Numbers 34 commissioners were appointed.
- Deuteronomy 1:15-18 (thematic): Moses appoints leaders/judges over the people and tribes to administer justice and organize the community—parallel in the appointment of officials to carry out tribal/administrative functions.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the tribe of Benjamin: Elidad son of Kislon.
- To the tribe of Benjamin: Elidad son of Kislon.
Num.34.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולמטה: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יגלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:18 (structural): Part of the same sequence of tribal representatives appointed to oversee the division of the land (lists the leader of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh).
- Numbers 34:23 (structural): Another entry in the same catalogue of tribal princes for the land allotment (lists the leader associated with the tribe of Asher), showing the parallel formula and function.
- Numbers 1:12 (verbal): In the earlier census the tribe of Dan is represented by a different named chief (Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai), providing a verbal/thematic parallel about tribal leadership.
- Joshua 19:40-48 (thematic): Describes the territorial allotment and towns of the tribe of Dan—themewise linked to Num. 34's assignment of tribal representatives for the land division.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the tribe of Dan: Bukki son of Jogli.
- To the tribe of Dan: Bukki son of Jogli.
Num.34.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לבני: PREP
- יוסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למטה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חניאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אפד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:22 (structural): Part of the same section that lists the tribal representatives appointed to oversee the division of the land; shows the pattern of naming a head for each tribe.
- Numbers 34:17 (structural): Another entry in the Numbers 34 list of tribal commissioners (here naming the leader for Reuben), illustrating the parallel formula and context for Num 34:23.
- Numbers 1:10 (verbal): An earlier census list that names the leader of the tribe of Manasseh as Gamaliel son of Pedahzur, providing a verbal parallel and showing different tribal headship records.
- Joshua 17:2 (verbal): In the allotment material Joshua repeats the tribal leadership tradition for Manasseh (echoing the Numbers census data) and discusses Manasseh’s inheritance—connects the tribal identity and leadership to land division.
- Genesis 48:5 (thematic): Jacob’s adoption/blessing of Joseph’s sons Ephraim and Manasseh underlies the designation “sons of Joseph,” providing ancestral and theological background for identifying the tribe of Manasseh in territorial divisions.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the descendants of Joseph, for the tribe of Manasseh: Hanniel son of Ephod.
- To the descendants of Joseph, to the tribe of Manasseh: Hanniel son of Ephod.
Num.34.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולמטה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קמואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפטן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:17-29 (structural): Immediate context: the full list of tribal commissioners Moses appointed to mark out the land; v.24 is one entry in this commission.
- Numbers 1:10 (verbal): Earlier census-listing of the tribal leader of Ephraim (Elishama son of Ammihud) — parallels the practice of naming a tribal chief though a different person and function.
- Joshua 16:5-10 (thematic): Description of the territorial boundaries and allotment for the tribe of Ephraim — thematically connected to the commissioners’ task of defining tribal borders.
- 1 Chronicles 7:20-22 (thematic): Genealogical listing and chiefs of Ephraim’s clans — provides background on Ephraimite leadership and clan structure relevant to naming tribal representatives.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the tribe of Ephraim: Kemuel son of Shiphtan.
- To the tribe of Ephraim: Kemuel son of Shaphan.
Num.34.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולמטה: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- זבולן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אליצפן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פרנך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 19:10-16 (structural): Joshua’s allotment passage gives the territorial boundaries and towns of the tribe of Zebulun—parallel to Numbers 34’s assignment of tribal inheritances and the naming of a tribal leader for the allotment.
- Deuteronomy 33:18-19 (thematic): Moses’ blessing of Zebulun pairs with Numbers’ administrative note about the tribe; both passages treat Zebulun’s status and role among the tribes.
- Genesis 49:13 (thematic): Jacob’s blessing of Zebulun earlier in the patriarchal tradition provides a thematic background for later tribal listings and settlements such as the appointment of a prince for Zebulun in Numbers 34:25.
- Genesis 46:14 (structural): The genealogy listing of Zebulun’s sons (the clan structure) parallels Numbers’ tribal identification and the naming of a specific leader (Elisaphan son of Parnach) connected to the tribe’s organization.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the tribe of Zebulun: Elizaphan son of Parnach.
- To the tribe of Zebulun: Elizaphan son of Parnach.
Num.34.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולמטה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יששכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלטיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:8 (verbal): Names the tribal leader of Issachar (Nethanel son of Zuar) in the census — parallels Num 34:26 in identifying the tribe's prince (note textual name-variation: Paltiel vs Nethanel).
- Numbers 2:5 (structural): Lists Issachar and its leader in the arrangement of the tribal camps around the tabernacle, paralleling Num 34:26’s listing of tribal chiefs.
- Numbers 7:18 (verbal): Records the prince of Issachar (Nethanel son of Zuar) bringing a dedicatory offering — another occurrence of the same tribal leader-name and function.
- 1 Chronicles 27:20 (verbal): In David’s administrative/military lists Nethanel son of Zuar is again named over Issachar, paralleling Num 34:26’s assignment of a tribal chief.
- Joshua 19:17-23 (thematic): Gives the allotment of territory to the tribe of Issachar — thematically connected to Num 34, which concerns the assignment and division of the land among the tribes.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the tribe of Issachar: Paltiel son of Azzan.
- To the tribe of Issachar: Paltiel son of Azzan.
Num.34.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולמטה: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נשיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיהוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלמי: NOUN,m,pl,constr
Parallels
- Numbers 34:16 (structural): Introduces the commission (Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal princes) who are to apportion the land — the verse that frames the list of tribal princes of which 34:27 (Ahihud of Asher) is a part.
- Numbers 34:23 (verbal): Another entry in the same catalog of tribal princes (e.g., ‘and of the tribe of Judah, the prince Caleb son of Jephunneh’) using the identical formula ‘and of the tribe of X, the prince Y son of Z,’ illustrating the parallel naming pattern.
- Numbers 34:29 (structural): The closing verse that summarizes the roster of tribal leaders appointed to oversee the land distribution — 34:27 is included within this summed list.
- Joshua 19:24-31 (thematic): Describes the territorial allotment for the tribe of Asher. The connection is thematic: 34:27 names the prince representing Asher in the land-division process that results in the allotment later described in Joshua.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the tribe of Asher: Ahihud son of Shlomi.
- To the tribe of Asher: Ahihud son of Shelomi.
Num.34.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולמטה: CONJ,PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- נפתלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פדהאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמיהוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:23 (structural): Part of the same numbered list of tribal princes charged with the land allotment; this verse names the prince of Reuben, showing the parallel function and format of the enumeration in which Pedahel appears.
- Numbers 34:24 (structural): Another adjacent entry in the same catalogue of tribal leaders (the prince of Simeon), illustrating the consistent listing of each tribe's nasi in the border/allotment commission.
- Numbers 1:12-16 (allusion): Earlier census-era list of tribal chiefs (nasi) that uses the same naming pattern (chief’s name + father) and establishes the administrative role of tribal princes later repeated in the allotment context.
- Joshua 19:32-39 (thematic): Describes the territorial allotment given to the tribe of Naphtali in Joshua’s division of the land; thematically tied to Num 34’s assignment process overseen by the tribal princes named there.
- Joshua 21:32-33 (thematic): Lists Levitical cities within Naphtali’s territory—shows the concrete outcome of the tribal allotment process in which the princes (like Pedahel) are recorded as participants/representatives.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the tribe of Naphtali: Pedahel son of Ammihud.
- To the tribe of Naphtali: Pedahel son of Ammihud.
Num.34.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לנחל: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 34:1-12 (structural): Immediate context: the chapter gives the detailed boundaries of the land of Canaan which the LORD commanded to be allotted to the Israelites; 34:29 serves as a summary statement of that command.
- Numbers 26:52-56 (verbal): Describes the LORD’s instruction to distribute the land by lot among the tribes after the census—same theme and similar language about allotting inheritance to Israel.
- Joshua 18:1-10 (thematic): After conquest, the remaining land is apportioned by casting lots at Shiloh under Joshua and Eleazar, echoing the command and procedure for assigning Canaan to the tribes.
- Joshua 21:43-45 (thematic): Affirms that the LORD gave Israel the land and fulfilled his promises, connecting the divine command to allot Canaan with its eventual possession and rest.
- Deuteronomy 1:8 (thematic): Moses’ earlier command to enter and take possession of the land set before Israel parallels the instruction that the LORD commanded the allotment of Canaan to the people.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the men whom the LORD commanded to apportion the land to the people of Israel in the land of Canaan.
- These are the ones whom the LORD commanded to apportion the land to the sons of Israel in the land of Canaan.
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
“Command the people of Israel and say to them: When you come into the land of Canaan, this is the land that shall be your possession—the land of Canaan with its boundaries.
“Your southern side shall be from the wilderness of Zin by the border of Edom; and your southern boundary shall be from the end of the Salt Sea eastward.
“The border shall turn from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim, pass on to Zin, and its goings out shall be from the south to Kadesh Barnea; then it shall go out to Azmon and pass by the Brook of Egypt.
“And the border shall turn from Azmon to the brook of Egypt; and the goings out of it shall be to the sea.
“And your western border shall be the Great Sea; this shall be your western boundary.
“And this shall be your northern boundary: from the Great Sea you shall set your boundary to Mount Hor.
“From Mount Hor you shall set the line to Lebo-hamath, and the goings out of the border shall be to Zedad.
“And the border shall go from Zedad to Ziphron, and its goings out shall be to Hazar-enan; this shall be your northern boundary.
“And you shall measure your eastern boundary—from Hazar-enan to Shepham.
“And the border shall go down from Shepham to Riblah on the east side of Ain; and the border shall go down to the side of the Sea of Chinnereth on the east.
“And the border shall go down to the Jordan, and its goings out shall be to the Salt Sea; this shall be your land with its boundaries all around.”
Moses commanded the sons of Israel, saying, “This is the land that shall be your possession by lot, which the LORD commanded to give to the nine tribes and the half-tribe.
For the tribes of Reuben and Gad have received their inheritance by their families, and half the tribe of Manasseh has received its possession.
The two tribes and the half-tribe took their inheritance beyond the Jordan to the east, toward the sunrise.”
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
“These are the names of the men who shall apportion the land for you: Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun.
Take one ruler—one ruler from each tribe—to divide the land. And these are the names of the men: for the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh.
For the tribe of Simeon, Samuel son of Ammihud.
For the tribe of Benjamin, Elidad son of Kislon.
For the tribe of Dan, the leader Bukki son of Jogli.
For the children of Joseph, for the tribe of Manasseh, the leader Hanniel son of Ephod.
For the tribe of Ephraim, the leader Kemuel son of Shiphtan.
For the tribe of Zebulun, the leader Elizaphan son of Parnach.
For the tribe of Issachar, the leader Paltiel son of Azzan.
For the tribe of Asher, the leader Ahihud son of Shelomi.
For the tribe of Naphtali, the leader Pedahel son of Ammihud.
These are the ones whom the LORD commanded to apportion the land to the sons of Israel in the land of Canaan.”