Arrangement of the Camp
Numbers 2:1-34
Num.2.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Num.1.1 (verbal): Same introductory formula of divine speech to Moses — 'And the LORD spake unto Moses...' — beginning a sequence of commands (here the census), closely matching the wording and function.
- Num.4.1 (verbal): Nearly identical wording: 'And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying.' Introduces further detailed instructions (Levite duties), a direct verbal parallel in form and addressees.
- Num.9.1 (verbal): Another instance of God speaking to Moses to give ritual/communal instructions (Passover); similar phrasing and purpose — divine command transmitted through Moses.
- Lev.1.1 (structural): Though wording varies ('called'/'spake unto him out of the tabernacle'), this passage is a structural parallel: God addresses Moses from the sanctuary to introduce cultic legislation, like Num.2:1 introduces order for the camp.
Alternative generated candidates
- And YHWH spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying:
- And YHWH spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying:
Num.2.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- דגלו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- באתת: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבתם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m,pl
- יחנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנגד: ADV
- סביב: ADV
- לאהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct+pref:l
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יחנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 10:14-28 (structural): Describes the order of march and the camps moving 'by their standards'—a practical echo of the tribal arrangement and use of ensigns established in Numbers 2.
- Exodus 17:15 (verbal): Moses names the altar 'Jehovah-nissi' ('The LORD is my banner'), using the same 'banner/standard' imagery (Heb. niss) that underlies the ensigns mentioned in Numbers 2:2.
- Psalm 20:5 (thematic): Speaks of 'setting up our banners' in the name of God—echoing the motif of banners/standards as rallying signs and symbols of identity found in Numbers 2:2.
- Revelation 7:4-8 (thematic): Lists the twelve tribes (12,000 sealed from each), reflecting New Testament recapitulation of Israel's tribal organization and the corporate ordering implied by tribal ensigns in Numbers 2.
Alternative generated candidates
- “Every one of the company shall camp under his banner, by the divisions of their fathers' houses; they shall camp opposite the tent of meeting, all around it.
- Each man under his standard, with the insignia of his fathers' house, the Israelites shall camp opposite the Tent of Meeting; around the Tent of Meeting they shall camp.
Num.2.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והחנים: VERB,qal,ptcp,-,m,pl,def
- קדמה: ADV
- מזרחה: ADV
- דגל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לצבאתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const+PRON,3,m,pl
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- נחשון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמינדב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 10:14 (verbal): Repeats the same role for the tribe of Judah and names Nahshon son of Amminadab as leader when the camp breaks camp (ordering of march).
- Numbers 1:7 (verbal): In the census/list of tribal princes Nahshon son of Amminadab is again identified as the prince of Judah, paralleling his leadership role in Num 2:3.
- 1 Chronicles 2:10 (allusion): Genealogical note identifying Nahshon son of Amminadab in the Davidic ancestry, connecting the tribal leader of Judah in the wilderness to later genealogical tradition.
- Matthew 1:4 (allusion): New Testament genealogy lists Amminadab and Nahshon in Jesus' ancestry, echoing the same names and linking the tribal leader of Judah to messianic lineage tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- Those who camp on the east toward the sunrise: the standard of the camp of Judah by their companies. The prince of the sons of Judah: Nahshon the son of Amminadab.
- Now those who camp at the front, toward the east: the standard of the camp of Judah, by their companies. The prince of the children of Judah is Nachshon son of Amminadab.
Num.2.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ופקדיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- ארבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
- ושבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושש: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:26 (verbal): Same census figure for the tribe of Judah (74,600) earlier in the book — the number is repeated from the initial numbering.
- Numbers 2:3 (structural): Immediate context: verse 3 names Nahshon as leader of Judah and introduces the east camp; 2:4 continues that unit’s headcount.
- Numbers 2:1 (structural): Chapter heading that frames the whole passage (instructions about the arrangement and numbering of the tribes around the tabernacle), of which 2:4 is a part.
- Exodus 30:12-13 (thematic): Gives an earlier law about taking a census and the accompanying ransom/payment — thematically related to the practice and purpose of numbering Israel’s fighting men.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were seventy-four thousand six hundred.
- And his muster numbered seventy-four thousand six hundred.
Num.2.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והחנים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יששכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- יששכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתנאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צוער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:8 (verbal): Names the same leader, Nethanel son of Zuar, as the chief/captain of the tribe of Issachar in the census — same personal identification as Num 2:5.
- Numbers 2:3-10 (structural): Num 2:5 is part of this block that arranges the camp on the east side (Judah, Issachar, Zebulun); these verses present the tripartite camp formation to which v.5 belongs.
- Numbers 10:14 (structural): When the camps break camp and march, Issachar's standard/contingent is listed among the tribal marching order — a parallel reference to Issachar's place and role in Israel’s encampment and movement.
- 1 Chronicles 12:32 (thematic): Describes men of Issachar as possessing insight/understanding of the times, reflecting a traditional characterization of the tribe that helps explain their assigned role within Israel's camp and service.
- Genesis 49:14-15 (thematic): Jacob’s blessing/prediction concerning Issachar (likened to a strong ass) provides an early portrait of the tribe’s identity and function, thematically related to later tribal listings and responsibilities such as in Num 2:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next to him, the tribe of Issachar. The prince of the sons of Issachar: Nethanel the son of Zuar.
- Next to them shall camp the tribe of Issachar; the prince of the children of Issachar is Nethanel son of Zuar.
Num.2.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- ופקדיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3ms
- ארבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- וארבע: CONJ,NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:20-47 (structural): Same census machinery: a tribe-by-tribe listing using the formula 'and the host and the number of them were …' — Numbers 2:6 fits the same structural enumeration of tribal totals.
- Numbers 1:46 (structural): Gives the total of the first (Sinai) census; connects to Numbers 2:6 by being part of the same overall numbering project that reports individual tribal counts and the aggregate.
- Numbers 26:51 (structural): The second census (later generation) that restates tribal and total numbers using the same counting language — parallel evidence of the recurring administrative practice of listing 'hosts' and their numbers.
- 1 Chronicles 21:5 (thematic): David’s military census reports the numbers of fighting men (e.g., Israel 800,000; Judah 500,000); thematically parallels Numbers 2:6’s reporting of a tribe’s martial strength as a numeric tally.
- Exodus 30:12 (thematic): Instruction for conducting a census (a half-shekel for atonement) when numbering the people; thematically linked to the practice of official enumeration reflected in Numbers 2:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were fifty-four thousand four hundred.
- And his muster numbered fifty-four thousand four hundred.
Num.2.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זבולן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- זבולן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אליאב: NOUN,proper,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חלן: NOUN,proper,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:9 (verbal): Gives the same name and genealogy: Eliab (ʾEliyyāḇ) son of Helon is listed as the chief/prince of Zebulun in the census list—identical formula to Num 2:7.
- Numbers 2:4 (structural): Parallel formula within the same chapter listing another tribe's standard and prince (Judah: 'the prince... Nahshon son of Amminadab'), showing the repeated structural pattern for each tribe's heading.
- Genesis 46:14 (thematic): Genealogical background for the tribe of Zebulun: lists Zebulun's sons (e.g., Elon), providing tribal genealogical context related to names like Helon/Elon.
- Judges 5:14-15 (thematic): Mentions the tribe of Zebulun in a martial/tribal role in Deborah's song, paralleling Num 2:7's focus on the tribe as a distinct military/tribal unit with its own leader.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next, the tribe of Zebulun. The prince of the sons of Zebulun: Eliab the son of Helon.
- The tribe of Zebulun; the prince of the children of Zebulun is Eliab son of Helon.
Num.2.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- ופקדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3ms
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- וארבע: CONJ,NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:20–54 (structural): The initial census list uses the same formulaic presentation of each tribe's 'host and those numbered' (פקדיו/צבאו), serving as the primary textual parallel for tribal totals and arrangement.
- Numbers 26:1–65 (thematic): The later census (on the plains of Moab) repeats the tribal enumerations and totals, echoing the purpose and language of numbering the fighting men and households.
- 2 Samuel 24:9 (thematic): David's census lists the number of fighting men in Israel and Judah — a comparable practice of military/tribal enumeration and an example of counting the host with similar concerns and consequences.
- Exodus 30:12 (thematic): Prescription of a half-shekel 'per head' when a census is taken connects to the practice and theological/legal framing of numbering the people, reflecting concerns tied to counting the host.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were fifty-seven thousand four hundred.
- And his muster numbered fifty-seven thousand four hundred.
Num.2.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- הפקדים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מאת: PREP
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושמנים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- וששת: CONJ+NUM,m,sg,cons
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וארבע: CONJ,NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לצבאתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const+PRON,3,m,pl
- ראשנה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- יסעו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 1:26 (verbal): Gives the same census total for the tribe of Judah (74,600); Num 2:9 echoes this number when assigning Judah's place in the march.
- Numbers 1:1-3 (structural): The initial census command and listing of tribal leaders—background for the tribe totals repeated and organized into marching companies in Numbers 2.
- Numbers 2:3 (structural): Another verse in the same chapter that repeats a tribe's census total and assigns its place in the order of march (shows the parallel pattern of tribe-by-tribe numbering and marching order).
- Numbers 10:14 (thematic): Refers to the standard of the camp of Judah setting out first during Israel's actual departure, paralleling Num 2:9's statement that Judah shall march first.
Alternative generated candidates
- All who were registered to the camp of Judah, by their companies, were one hundred eighty-six thousand four hundred; they shall set out first.
- All who were numbered for the camp of Judah amounted to one hundred eighty-six thousand four hundred; they shall set out first.
Num.2.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דגל: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תימנה: ADV
- לצבאתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const+PRON,3,m,pl
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אליצור: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שדיאור: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- Numbers 1:18 (verbal): Lists Elizur son of Shedeur as the leader of the tribe of Reuben in the census—same name and patronymic repeated.
- Numbers 2:3 (structural): Uses the same camp-arrangement formula for Judah on the east—'the standard of the camp... and the prince'—showing the repeating structure for each tribal banner.
- Numbers 2:18 (structural): Parallel clause for the camp of Ephraim (on the west) with identical wording about the standard and the tribal prince, reflecting the fourfold camp organization.
- Numbers 2:25 (structural): Parallel clause for the camp of Dan (on the north) using the same formulaic description of a tribe's standard and its prince, completing the series of directional encampments.
Alternative generated candidates
- The standard of the camp of Reuben shall be on the south by their companies. The prince of the sons of Reuben: Elizur the son of Shedeur.
- The standard of the camp of Reuben shall be on the south; the prince of the children of Reuben is Elizur son of Shedeur.
Num.2.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- ופקדיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- ששה: NUM,card,m,pl
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:20 (verbal): Gives the same figure for the fighting men of the tribe of Reuben in the initial census; Numbers 2 repeats the counts recorded in Numbers 1.
- Numbers 1:46 (structural): Gives the overall total of the first census of fighting men, situating individual tribal totals like Reuben’s within the nationwide enumeration.
- Numbers 2:10 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter describing Reuben’s camp placement and introducing the tribal count that follows in 2:11.
- Numbers 26:5-11 (thematic): The second census later in Numbers recounts the families and fighting men of Reuben (and other tribes), paralleling the census procedure and tribal enumeration found in Numbers 1–2.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were forty-six thousand five hundred.
- And his muster numbered forty-six thousand five hundred.
Num.2.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והחונם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- שמעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלמיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צורי: NOUN,m,sg,cnst
- שדי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:6 (verbal): Names Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai as the leader of Simeon in the census list — same personal designation used here for the tribal prince.
- Numbers 2:3 (structural): Uses the same camp-order formula ('on the east... the prince of Judah shall be...') showing the repeated literary pattern assigning a named prince to each tribe's camping position.
- Numbers 2:31 (structural): Another instance of the camp-list formula for a different side of the camp (west) with a named prince (Ahiezer), paralleling the role and phrasing applied to Simeon here.
- Numbers 10:14 (thematic): Describes the tribes' marching/camping order when the camp broke camp, reflecting the practical function of the tribal princes named in Numbers 2 who led and arranged the tribes.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next to him, the tribe of Simeon. The prince of the sons of Simeon: Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.
- Next to them shall camp the tribe of Simeon; the prince of the children of Simeon is Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai.
Num.2.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- ופקדיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3mp
- תשעה: NUM,card,m,sg
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושלש: CONJ+NUM,card,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:23 (verbal): Gives the same numeric total for the tribe (Simeon) in the initial census—Numbers 2:13 repeats the tribal count recorded in chapter 1.
- Numbers 2:1-2 (structural): Sets the command to arrange the camp by tribes and to take their number—provides the immediate structural context for the tribal totals listed in 2:13.
- Numbers 26:14 (thematic): The second census in the plains of Moab records a much smaller number for Simeon (22,200), allowing comparison of demographic change between censuses.
- Exodus 30:12 (thematic): Prescribes a method for counting Israel (the half-shekel ransom) and links census-taking to communal regulation and avoidance of plague—broader legal context for taking tribal counts.
- 2 Samuel 24:9 (thematic): David’s military census lists the numbers of fighting men (Israel and Judah); thematically parallels the use of population counts for assessing military strength and communal status.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were fifty-nine thousand three hundred.
- And his muster numbered fifty-nine thousand three hundred.
Num.2.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומטה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אליסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רעואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:14 (verbal): The same identification appears in the census list: 'the tribe of Gad — Eliasaph son of Reuel' (repeats the same name and patronymic).
- Numbers 10:14 (verbal): When the tribes break camp and march, Gad is again listed under the leadership of Eliasaph son of Reuel (repeats the tribal leader in a parallel ritual/structural context).
- Numbers 2:3 (structural): A parallel verse within the same chapter using the identical formula ('the tribe of X, and the leader of the children of X, [name] son of [father]') — here applied to Judah and its leader (illustrates the standard listing formula applied to each tribe).
- Genesis 46:16 (thematic): An earlier genealogy that lists Gad as one of Jacob's sons; thematically connected by identifying the ancestral origin of the tribe of Gad mentioned in Numbers 2:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next, the tribe of Gad. The prince of the sons of Gad: Eliasaph the son of Reuel.
- The tribe of Gad; the prince of the children of Gad is Eliasaph son of Reuel.
Num.2.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3ms,conj
- ופקדיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3mp,conj
- חמשה: NUM,m,pl
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושש: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 1:46 (structural): Same census material: gives the aggregate total of the tribal registrations (603,550), placing the tribal figure in Num 2:15 within the broader numbering framework.
- Exodus 12:37 (thematic): Another large population statement about Israel — 'about six hundred thousand men on foot' — thematically parallel in reporting Israel's numerical strength.
- 1 Chronicles 21:5 (structural): David’s census yields detailed tribe-by-tribe totals (e.g., Israel 1,100,000; Judah 470,000), paralleling the biblical practice of listing population and military-age counts.
- Genesis 46:27 (thematic): A contrasting household enumeration (Jacob’s seventy souls); thematically related as an instance of Israelite population accounting, highlighting different scales and contexts of counting.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty.
- And his muster numbered forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty.
Num.2.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- הפקדים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאת: PREP
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ואחד: CONJ+NUM,m,sg
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- וארבע: CONJ,NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- לצבאתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const+PRON,3,m,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
- יסעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 1:20 (quotation): Same census figure and phrasing for the tribe of Reuben in the initial numbering of Israel — identical number (46,500) and formula for those 'able to go forth to war.'
- Numbers 2:10 (structural): Contextual parallel within the same chapter: introduces the placement and marching order of the camp of Reuben (camp orientation and movement), of which 2:16 gives the corresponding numbered total.
- Numbers 26:7–9 (thematic): Later census (at the end of the wilderness generation) listing the families and number of Reuben; provides a comparative population count and genealogical detail that echoes the earlier enumeration in Numbers 2:16.
- 1 Chronicles 5:3–10 (thematic): Chronicles’ genealogical and military listings for the descendants of Reuben and the eastern tribes present another post‑exilic/retrospective census-style account of the tribe’s families and fighting men, echoing the census and military-register function of Num 2:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- All who were registered to the camp of Reuben, by their companies, were one hundred fifty-one thousand four hundred and fifty; they shall set out second.
- All who were numbered for the camp of Reuben amounted to one hundred fifty-one thousand four hundred fifty; they shall set out second.
Num.2.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונסע: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בתוך: PREP
- המחנת: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כאשר: CONJ
- יחנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כן: ADV
- יסעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לדגליהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+pronom,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 2:2 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter giving the same phrasing and instruction about camp arrangement and movement — 'every man by his standards' and the Levites encamping/moving in the midst of the camps.
- Numbers 10:33-36 (thematic): Describes the departure of Israel and the role of the sacred center in guiding movement ('the ark of the covenant went before them'), paralleling Num 2:17's focus on how the tabernacle and Levites determine the order and timing of travel.
- Numbers 9:15-23 (thematic): The cloud over the tabernacle governs when Israel encamps and sets out; thematically parallels Num 2:17's concern with the tabernacle/Levites as the focal point and regulator of the people's movements.
- Exodus 40:36-38 (verbal): Narrates the cloud's presence over the tabernacle and Israel's subsequent journeys ('when the cloud was taken up they set out'); echoes the same movement/leadership motif found in Num 2:17 regarding the tabernacle and the Levites.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the tent of meeting shall journey in the midst of the camps of the Levites; as they encamp, so shall they set out—each man at his standard.
- The Tent of Meeting and the camp of the Levites shall journey in the midst of the camps; as they camp, so shall they set out—each man by his standard.
Num.2.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דגל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לצבאתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const+PRON,3,m,pl
- ימה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלישמע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמיהוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 2:3 (structural): Same verse‑formula listing a tribal camp standard and its captain (here for Judah): the pattern “standard of the camp… by their companies… and the prince/captain of the children of [tribe]…” mirrors Num 2:18’s structure.
- Numbers 10:25 (verbal): Repeats the marching/ordering formula for the camp of Ephraim and again names Elishama son of Ammihud as its leader — a near‑verbatim reprise of Num 2:18 in the narrative of the wilderness march.
- Genesis 48:13–20 (thematic): Jacob’s blessing that places Ephraim before Manasseh and grants Ephraim prominence explains the tribe’s honored status reflected in tribal listings and placement (e.g., designation of its camp and banner).
- Deuteronomy 33:17 (thematic): Moses’ blessing highlights Ephraim’s strength and numerical power (“ten thousands of Ephraim”), thematically connected to the tribe’s significance and assigned position among Israel’s camps.
Alternative generated candidates
- Those who camp on the west toward the setting of the sun: the standard of the camp of Ephraim by their companies. The prince of the sons of Ephraim: Elishama the son of Ammihud.
- The standard of the camp of Ephraim shall be toward the west; the prince of the children of Ephraim is Elishama son of Ammihud.
Num.2.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms_suff
- ופקדיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3mp_suff
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:2-3 (structural): The initial command to take a census of Israel — sets the programmatic framework for the numbered registers and tribe counts repeated in Numbers 2 (including v.19).
- Numbers 1:46 (verbal): Gives the grand total of those numbered in the first census (“all that were numbered…”); parallels the same counting language and summary-statistic function found in the tribal tallies of Numbers 2:19.
- Numbers 26:51 (thematic): The second census taken later in the wilderness recounts the numbers of the people by tribe — thematically parallel as another systematic tribal enumeration and restatement of Israel’s military-capable population.
- Exodus 30:12-13 (thematic): Prescribes a half-shekel census tax to be taken for the numbering of the Israelites — another legal/administrative context for numbering the people, showing census-taking as an established cultic/administrative practice.
- Luke 2:1-3 (thematic): The Roman imperial census that brings Joseph and Mary to Bethlehem is a New Testament parallel in theme: state/societal ordering by enumeration and its practical consequences for population movement and record-keeping.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were forty thousand five hundred.
- And his muster numbered forty thousand five hundred.
Num.2.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועליו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גמליאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פדהצור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:10 (verbal): Repeats the same tribal-heading formula and the name Gamaliel son of Pedahzur as the prince of Manasseh in the census-listing of tribal leaders.
- Numbers 7:54 (verbal): The leader of Manasseh, Gamaliel son of Pedahzur, appears again among the tribal princes who present the dedicatory offerings—same name and office repeated.
- Numbers 2:3 (or 2:18 in some numberings) (structural): Shows the recurring structural formula in Numbers 2 assigning a standard and naming a prince for a tribe (e.g., Judah/Nahshon), paralleling the pattern used for Manasseh here.
- Joshua 17:1 (thematic): Relates to the tribe of Manasseh more broadly—concerns the allotment and tribal identity of Manasseh (Joseph’s son), providing background context for tribal leadership and organization referenced in Numbers 2:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next to him, the tribe of Manasseh. The prince of the sons of Manasseh: Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.
- Next to them shall camp the tribe of Manasseh; the prince of the children of Manasseh is Gamaliel son of Pedahzur.
Num.2.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3ms
- ופקדיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3mp
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ושלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ומאתים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:2–3 (verbal): The initial command to take a census uses the same verbal root and framework (פקד/ספר) — establishes the counting/registering practice that yields the muster totals like v.2:21.
- Numbers 1:20–46 (structural): The first full tribe-by-tribe census uses the identical formulaic phrasing (“and their muster was …”) and lists individual tribal totals in the same manner as Num 2:21.
- Numbers 2:5–31 (structural): The surrounding unit (the whole chapter) repeatedly arranges the tribes with the same formula (“and their muster was …”), showing Num 2:21 as one instance of the chapter’s regular listing pattern.
- Numbers 26:5–51 (thematic): The second wilderness census repeats the practice of listing tribal totals and uses similar language; it serves as a later-point parallel for comparing tribal muster figures.
- 1 Chronicles 27:1–24 (thematic): David’s organization of the army by divisions includes numbered troop complements for each unit — a later administrative/numbering parallel to the tribal muster statements in Numbers.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were thirty-two thousand two hundred.
- And his muster numbered thirty-two thousand two hundred.
Num.2.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומטה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
- אבידן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גדעני: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:11 (verbal): Lists Abidan son of Gideoni as the leader (prince) of the tribe of Benjamin in the census—same name and role as here.
- Numbers 2:1-34 (structural): The broader passage that arranges the twelve tribes around the Tabernacle and names each tribe’s leader; Num 2.22 is one entry in this structural listing.
- Judges 5:14 (thematic): Mentions Benjamin among Israel’s fighting clans in the Song of Deborah, reflecting the tribe’s distinct identity and military role—context for Benjamin’s named leaders.
- 1 Samuel 9:1 (thematic): Identifies Saul as a Benjamite (son of Kish), illustrating the tribe’s later prominence in Israelite leadership and providing historical-theological context for tribal princes like Abidan.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next, the tribe of Benjamin. The prince of the sons of Benjamin: Abidan the son of Gideoni.
- The tribe of Benjamin; the prince of the children of Benjamin is Abidan son of Gideoni.
Num.2.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- ופקדיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3mp
- חמשה: NUM,m,pl
- ושלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- וארבע: CONJ,NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:20-46 (verbal): The initial census of the tribes uses nearly identical language and records each tribe’s military muster and numerical totals — the same genre and vocabulary as Num 2:23.
- Numbers 26:1-65 (structural): A later (second) wilderness census that again enumerates tribal populations/warriors; parallels Num 2:23 in purpose and in listing tribal totals.
- 2 Samuel 24:9 (thematic): David’s census gives totals of fighting men (Israel and Judah); thematically analogous as a count of military strength and population.
- Exodus 30:12 (thematic): Prescribes a different method for conducting a census (atonement by half-shekel) — related thematically as another biblical procedure for numbering the people.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were thirty-five thousand four hundred.
- And his muster numbered thirty-five thousand four hundred.
Num.2.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- הפקדים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאת: PREP
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושמנת: NUM,card,pl,m
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ומאה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לצבאתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const+PRON,3,m,pl
- ושלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- יסעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 1:32-33 (verbal): The earlier census entry for the tribe of Ephraim gives the same tribal enumeration context — both passages record Ephraim's numbered fighting men.
- Numbers 2:5-9 (structural): Another entry in the same chapter (the camp of Judah) uses the identical formula of tribe → number → marching order, showing the parallel structuring of tribal listings.
- Numbers 10:14-21 (structural): Passage describing the order and procedure for breaking camp and setting forward; parallels the marching-order motif ('they shall set forward') applied to the tribal camps.
- Genesis 48:13-20 (thematic): Jacob's blessing that places Ephraim before Manasseh underlies Ephraim's prominence and helps explain its position/role in later tribal arrangement and leadership.
- Judges 5:14-15 (thematic): Deborah's song highlights Ephraim's martial strength and active role among the tribes — thematically echoing Ephraim's military/leading status in the camp listings.
Alternative generated candidates
- All who were registered to the camp of Ephraim, by their companies, were one hundred eight thousand one hundred; they shall set out third.
- All who were numbered for the camp of Ephraim amounted to one hundred eight thousand one hundred; they shall set out third.
Num.2.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דגל: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מחנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צפנה: ADV
- לצבאתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const+PRON,3,m,pl
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמישדי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 2:18 (structural): Another entry in the same chapter that uses the identical formula (‘the standard of the camp of X… and the captain was Y’) for listing a tribe’s position and leader — shows the repetitive camp-arrangement structure.
- Numbers 2:10 (structural): A parallel verse in the same chapter giving the placement and captain of a different tribe (part of the fourfold camp-listing pattern surrounding the tabernacle).
- Numbers 1:53 (verbal): Earlier instruction that the Israelites shall 'pitch by their standards' around the tabernacle — provides the legal/ritual basis and similar wording for the tribal standards/encampment described in Num 2:25.
- Joshua 19:47 (thematic): Reports the Danites’ later move to and possession of Laish (renamed Dan) in the north — connects with Num 2:25’s statement that the tribe of Dan is on the north side, linking tribal identity and geographic orientation.
- Judges 18:29 (thematic): Narrates the establishment of the city of Dan (the tribe’s settlement in the far north) and the tribe’s identity there — thematically parallels Num 2:25’s identification of Dan and its northern camp position.
Alternative generated candidates
- Those who camp on the north side: the standard of the camp of Dan by their companies. The prince of the sons of Dan: Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.
- The standard of the camp of Dan shall be toward the north; the prince of the children of Dan is Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai.
Num.2.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- ופקדיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3mp
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וששים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושבע: NUM,m,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Num.1:40 (verbal): The same tribal census number for Dan appears in the initial census — a direct repetition of Dan's tally (62,700) in the earlier list.
- Num.2:25 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: verse 25 introduces the camp and leader of Dan, to which 2:26 supplies the numerical count.
- Num.1:2 (thematic): Command to take a census of Israel’s fighting men — sets the context and purpose for the tribal counts like Dan’s in 2:26.
- Num.26:42 (thematic): The second census in Numbers repeats tribal enumerations; this verse gives the later accounting of the tribe of Dan, allowing comparison with the earlier figure in 2:26.
- 2 Sam.24:9 (thematic): A later royal census of Israel’s fighting men — thematically related as another instance of counting military-capable males, though in a different historical and theological context.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were sixty-two thousand seven hundred.
- And his muster numbered sixty-two thousand seven hundred.
Num.2.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והחנים: CONJ+VERB,qal,ptc,-,m,pl
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- פגעיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עכרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:40 (verbal): The same leader is named in the earlier census list: Pagiel (Pagiel) son of Ocran is given as the head of the tribe of Asher, mirroring the name in Num 2:27.
- Numbers 2:3 (structural): Num 2 presents a repeated formula for the arrangement of the camps ('and they shall camp by him... and the leader of the people is...'); Num 2:27 is one entry in this patterned list (parallel to entries such as 2:3 for Judah).
- Deuteronomy 33:24-25 (thematic): Moses' blessing of Asher in Deut 33 highlights the tribe's prosperity and position among Israel, thematically connected to Asher's placement and leadership in the camp list of Num 2:27.
- Genesis 30:12-13 (thematic): The birth and naming of Asher (Genesis 30) provides the tribal origin and name-meaning background for the tribe referenced in Num 2:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next to him, the tribe of Asher. The prince of the sons of Asher: Pagiel the son of Ochran.
- Next to them shall camp the tribe of Asher; the prince of the children of Asher is Pagiel son of Ocran.
Num.2.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- ופקדיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3mp
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Num.1.40 (verbal): The same census total for the tribe of Asher (41,500) appears earlier in the initial numbering — identical verbal wording and figure.
- Josh.19.24-31 (structural): Joshua lists the territorial allotment and towns of the tribe of Asher, connecting the tribal census number to the tribe's inherited land and settlement pattern.
- Deut.33.24-25 (thematic): Moses' blessing of Asher (prosperity, abundance) thematically relates to the tribe's identity implicit in the census listing — a traditional characterization of the tribe counted here.
- Gen.30.12-13 (allusion): The birth of Asher (Zilpah's son) provides the etiological origin for the tribe whose members are being numbered in this verse; the verse alludes back to tribal ancestry and name.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were forty-one thousand five hundred.
- And his muster numbered forty-one thousand five hundred.
Num.2.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומטה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- נפתלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- נפתלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחירע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עינן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:16 (structural): Introduction to the parallel list of tribal princes and leaders (same literary context of naming each tribe’s prince; Num 2:29 follows the same catalogue pattern).
- Genesis 49:21 (thematic): Jacob’s blessing/description of Naphtali—connects to tribal identity and character of the tribe named in Num 2:29.
- Deuteronomy 33:23 (thematic): Moses’ blessing upon Naphtali—another traditional oracle about the tribe that provides theological and territorial context for the tribe listed in Numbers 2:29.
- Judges 5:18 (thematic): Deborah’s song mentions the people of Naphtali and their role in Israel’s military action, reflecting the tribe’s identity and activity referenced by the tribal heading in Num 2:29.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next, the tribe of Naphtali. The prince of the sons of Naphtali: Ahira the son of Enan.
- The tribe of Naphtali; the prince of the children of Naphtali is Ahira son of Enan.
Num.2.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצבאו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- ופקדיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3mp
- שלשה: NUM,m
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- וארבע: CONJ,NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1 (esp. 1:2–3, 1:18–46) (structural): The opening census (Numbers 1) uses the same ritualized numbering formula and tribal-by-tribe totals as Numbers 2; both report the size of tribal contingents for military/organizational purposes.
- Numbers 26 (chapter) (thematic): A later census at the end of the wilderness period that repeats the practice of listing tribes and headcounts, serving as a chronological and functional parallel to the enumerations in Numbers 2.
- 2 Samuel 24:9 (verbal): Gives a tribal breakdown and numeric totals from David’s census; parallels the mode of reporting population totals and the theological/social concerns tied to counting people.
- 1 Chronicles 21:5 (verbal): Chronicle’s parallel account to 2 Samuel 24, listing the numbers of the tribes—another instance of biblical tribal enumeration comparable in form and purpose to Numbers 2:30.
- Exodus 30:12–13 (thematic): Describes a census taken by means of a half-shekel ransom; thematically related as an alternate protocol for numbering the people and reflecting concerns about counting and its religious implications.
Alternative generated candidates
- And his army and those registered were fifty-three thousand four hundred.
- And his muster numbered fifty-three thousand four hundred.
Num.2.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- הפקדים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאת: PREP
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושבעה: CONJ+NUM,m,sg,abs
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושש: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לאחרנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- יסעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- לדגליהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Numbers 2:25-31 (structural): Immediate context: the same pericope describing the placement, banner, and census total for the tribe of Dan within the camp arrangement.
- Numbers 1:1–46 (thematic): The initial Sinai census listing each tribe’s numbers; parallels the census language and purpose for numbering Dan and the other tribes.
- Numbers 10:25 (verbal): Part of the march-order formula — speaks of the tribe of Dan ‘setting forward’ under its standard, echoing the wording about moving by their banners in Num 2:31.
- Numbers 26:1–65 (thematic): The second (later) census in the plains of Moab repeats tribal counts and provides a later parallel count for the tribe of Dan.
- Judges 18:1–2, 27–29 (thematic): Narrative of the Danites’ movement and establishment of a new settlement (Laish); relates to the tribe’s identity and episodes of relocation reflected in Israel’s camp/march traditions.
Alternative generated candidates
- All who were registered to the camp of Dan, by their companies, were one hundred fifty-seven thousand six hundred; they shall set out last, at their standards.
- All who were numbered for the camp of Dan amounted to one hundred fifty-seven thousand six hundred; they shall set out last, by their standards.
Num.2.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- פקודי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבתם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- פקודי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- המחנת: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לצבאתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const+PRON,3,m,pl
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושלשת: NUM,f,sg,cons
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וחמשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 1:45-46 (verbal): Repeats the same census total (603,550) for the men 20 and older able to go to war; essentially the earlier statement of the same enumeration.
- Numbers 1:2-3 (structural): The original command to 'take a census of the congregation by their clans' sets the procedural context for the enumeration summarized in Num 2:32.
- Numbers 26:51-62 (structural): The second census at the end of the wilderness likewise lists males aged twenty and upward by families and tribes, using the same ordering and purpose (military capacity).
- Exodus 30:12-16 (thematic): Provides the alternative census procedure (a ransom payment/half-shekel) and rationale for counting the people, connecting to the broader topic of Israelite enumeration.
- 1 Chronicles 21:5 (thematic): David's census of fighting men (paralleled in 2 Samuel 24:9) is a thematically related instance of counting military-age males and recording totals for wartime capacity.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the registrations of the sons of Israel, by their fathers' houses: all who were registered of the camps, by their armies, were six hundred three thousand five hundred and fifty.
- These are the numbers of the children of Israel, by their fathers' houses: all who were numbered of the camps, by their companies, were six hundred three thousand five hundred and fifty.
Num.2.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והלוים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- התפקדו: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,pl
- בתוך: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 1:47-53 (verbal): Explicit instruction that the Levites were not to be numbered with the other Israelites and were set apart for service — closely parallels the statement that the Levites did not accompany the tribes as the LORD commanded Moses.
- Numbers 3:6-13 (structural): Describes the consecration and special role of the Levites in service to Aaron and the tabernacle, explaining why they were separate from the tribal encampments and activities.
- Numbers 8:24-26 (thematic): Specifies the Levites' distinct service-age and duties, reinforcing their separate status from the general population and their exclusion from ordinary military/tribal mustering.
- Numbers 26:62 (verbal): A later census note repeating that the Levites were not numbered among the children of Israel — a direct reiteration of their exclusion and separate standing.
- Deuteronomy 10:8-9 (allusion): States that the LORD separated the tribe of Levi and gave them no territorial inheritance because the LORD is their inheritance — the theological basis for their separation from the other tribes and encampments.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the Levites were not numbered among the sons of Israel, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
- But the Levites were not numbered among the children of Israel, as YHWH commanded Moses.
Num.2.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כן: ADV
- חנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לדגליהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- וכן: ADV
- נסעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחתיו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
- על: PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
Parallels
- Num.2.2 (verbal): Same chapter instruction: "every man of the children of Israel shall pitch by his standard..."—repeats the wording and prescription to camp by banners/families.
- Num.1.53 (verbal): Earlier direction that the people camped "every man under his standard, with the ensign of their father's houses"—parallels the arrangement and language about encamping by families.
- Num.10.33-36 (thematic): Describes Israel's orderly departure and movement in companies with the ark leading—parallels the regulated breaking of camp and travel by groups under divine command.
- Num.9.17-23 (thematic): The cloud over the tabernacle determined when Israel encamped or journeyed; provides the theological framework for their obedient, ordered movement described in 2:34.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the sons of Israel did according to all that YHWH had commanded Moses; so they camped under their standards, and so they set out—each by his family, according to his fathers' house.
- The people of Israel did according to all that YHWH had commanded Moses; so they camped by their standards, and so they journeyed, each one by his family, according to the house of his fathers.
And YHWH spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying:
Every man shall camp under his banner, with the insignia of his fathers' house; the people of Israel shall camp, each opposite his standard, round about the tent of meeting shall they camp.
Those who camp at the fore, toward the east—the standard of the camp of Judah by their companies; and the prince of the children of Judah was Nahshon son of Amminadab. And their company and their muster were seventy-four thousand six hundred.
Next to him the tribe of Issachar; and the prince of the children of Issachar was Nethanel son of Zuar. And their company and their muster were fifty-four thousand four hundred.
The tribe of Zebulun; and the prince of the children of Zebulun was Eliab son of Helon. And their company and their muster were fifty-seven thousand four hundred.
All who were mustered for the camp of Judah, by their companies, were one hundred eighty-six thousand four hundred; by their divisions they shall journey first.
On the south side shall be the standard of the camp of Reuben by their companies; and the prince of the children of Reuben was Elizur son of Shedeur. And their company and their muster were forty-six thousand five hundred.
Beside them the tribe of Simeon; and the prince of the children of Simeon was Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai. And their company and their muster were fifty-nine thousand three hundred. And the tribe of Gad; and the prince of the children of Gad was Eliasaph son of Reuel. And their company and their muster were forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty.
All who were mustered for the camp of Reuben, by their companies, were one hundred fifty-one thousand four hundred and fifty; by their divisions they shall journey second. And the tent of meeting shall journey in the midst of the camps of the Levites; as they camp, so shall they set out—everyone by his standard, beside his clan.
On the west side shall be the standard of the camp of Ephraim by their companies; and the prince of the children of Ephraim was Elishama son of Ammihud. And their company and their muster were forty thousand five hundred.
Beside them the tribe of Manasseh; and the prince of the children of Manasseh was Gamaliel son of Pedahzur. And their company and their muster were thirty-two thousand two hundred. And the tribe of Benjamin; and the prince of the children of Benjamin was Abidan son of Gideoni. And their company and their muster were thirty-five thousand four hundred.
All who were mustered for the camp of Ephraim, by their companies, were one hundred eight thousand one hundred; by their divisions they shall journey third.
On the north side shall be the standard of the camp of Dan by their companies; and the prince of the children of Dan was Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai. And their company and their muster were sixty-two thousand seven hundred.
Beside them the tribe of Asher; and the prince of the children of Asher was Pagiel son of Ochran. And their company and their muster were forty-one thousand five hundred. And the tribe of Naphtali; and the prince of the children of Naphtali was Ahira son of Enan. And their company and their muster were fifty-three thousand four hundred.
All who were mustered for the camp of Dan, by their companies, were one hundred fifty-seven thousand six hundred; by their divisions they shall journey last by their standards.
These are the registrations of the people of Israel, by their fathers' houses: all who were numbered of the camps, by their companies, were six hundred three thousand five hundred and fifty. But the Levites were not numbered among the people of Israel, as YHWH had commanded Moses. And the people of Israel did according to all that YHWH had commanded Moses; so they camped by their standards, and so they set out—every man according to his company, by the house of his fathers.