The Levites’ Duties
Numbers 3:1-51
Num.3.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- תולדת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומשה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- סיני: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 6:20 (verbal): Gives the genealogy/parentage of Aaron and Moses (Amram and Jochebed), paralleling Numbers’ introductory formula about the 'generations' of Aaron and Moses.
- Exodus 19:3 (structural): Describes Moses going up and the LORD calling to him at Mount Sinai — directly parallels the setting 'when the LORD spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai.'
- Numbers 1:1 (verbal): Uses the same formula 'And the LORD spoke to Moses... in the wilderness of Sinai,' functioning as a parallel introductory formula tying events to Sinai revelation.
- Deuteronomy 5:4–5 (allusion): Recounts God speaking to Israel 'face to face' at Horeb/Sinai; thematically parallels the divine communication to Moses on Sinai invoked in Numbers 3:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the generations of Aaron and of Moses on the day that YHWH spoke with Moses at Mount Sinai.
- And these are the generations of Aaron and Moses on the day YHWH spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai.
Num.3.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הבכור: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נדב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואביהוא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואיתמר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 6:23 (verbal): Gives the same list of Aaron's sons (Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar) and adds their mother Elisheva—verbal parallel in genealogical data.
- Numbers 26:60 (verbal): A later genealogical listing repeating the names of Aaron's sons and noting that Nadab and Abihu died without offspring.
- Leviticus 10:1-2 (thematic): Narrates the fate of Nadab and Abihu (offering unauthorized fire and being consumed), directly involving two of the sons named here.
- Exodus 28:1 (structural): Commands that Aaron and his sons be brought to serve as priests—connects the listing of Aaron's sons with their priestly function.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the names of the sons of Aaron the firstborn: Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
- And these are the names of the sons of Aaron: Nadab the firstborn, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
Num.3.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- המשחים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- מלא: ADJ,m,sg
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- לכהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 28:1 (verbal): Directly names Aaron and his sons called to serve as priests—language parallels Numbers' listing of Aaron's anointed sons.
- Exodus 29:1-9 (quotation): Gives the ritual instructions for consecrating Aaron and his sons as priests, corresponding to Numbers' reference to those anointed to minister.
- Leviticus 8:1-12 (quotation): Narrates Moses' consecration and anointing of Aaron and his sons with oil, the rite underlying Numbers' statement that they were anointed to priesthood.
- 1 Chronicles 6:3 (thematic): Genealogical parallel listing Aaron's sons (Eleazar and Ithamar) and their priestly descent, echoing Numbers' identification of Aaron's priestly offspring.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the anointed priests, those who were appointed to minister as priests.
- These are the names of Aaron's sons, the priests—the anointed ones, whom he consecrated to minister as priests.
Num.3.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נדב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואביהוא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בהקרבם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- זרה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סיני: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ובנים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ויכהן: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואיתמר: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 10:1-7 (quotation): Direct parallel account of Nadab and Abihu offering 'strange fire' and dying; includes Moses' command to Aaron and his remaining sons about priestly duties and mourning.
- 2 Chronicles 26:16-21 (thematic): Uzziah (a king) unlawfully burns incense in the sanctuary and is struck with leprosy — a later example of severe divine judgment for unauthorized cultic action.
- 1 Samuel 2:12-17 (thematic): Describes the corrupt behavior of Eli's sons who abused priestly functions; thematically related as an instance of priestly misconduct and divine disapproval leading to judgment on a priestly household.
- Ezekiel 44:9-14 (thematic): Prescribes strict boundaries for who may minister before the LORD and condemns unauthorized access to sacred duties — echoes the principle that improper priestly activity brings sanction.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Nadab and Abihu died before YHWH when they offered strange fire before YHWH in the wilderness of Sinai; and they had no sons. And Eleazar and Ithamar ministered as priests in the presence of their father Aaron.
- But Nadab and Abihu died before YHWH when they offered strange fire before YHWH in the wilderness of Sinai; and they had no children. So Eleazar and Ithamar served as priests in the sight of their father Aaron.
Num.3.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Num.1.1 (verbal): Same formulaic opening: 'וידבר יהוה אל־משה... לאמר' — divine speech to Moses introducing commands.
- Num.4.1 (verbal): Nearly identical wording ('וידבר יהוה אל־משה ואל־אהרן לאמר'), a parallel instance of God speaking to Moses (and Aaron) to give instructions.
- Lev.1.1 (structural): Leviticus opens with a similar speech formula ('ויקרא אל־משה וידבר יהוה... לאמר'), showing the common structural device for introducing priestly/ritual instructions.
- Exod.20.1 (thematic): Another instance of divine proclamation ('וידבר אלהים את כל־אלה לאמר') — parallels the function of introducing God's authoritative commands (here, the Ten Commandments).
Alternative generated candidates
- And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
- And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Num.3.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הקרב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לוי: PROPN,m,sg
- והעמדת: VERB,hiphil,perf,2,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- לפני: PREP
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ושרתו: VERB,qal,inf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
Parallels
- Exodus 28:1 (verbal): Uses the same verb and motif of 'bringing near' Aaron and his sons to minister (a parallel phrasing for commissioning priestly service).
- Leviticus 8:6 (structural): Narrates the ordination ritual in which Moses brings Aaron and his sons forward—parallel procedure for setting priests/servants before the sanctuary leader.
- Exodus 32:26-29 (thematic): Describes the original consecration of the Levites after the golden calf incident, providing the historical/theological basis for their exclusive service to Aaron.
- Numbers 8:5-14 (structural): Gives a closely related legislative account of presenting, cleansing, and dedicating the Levites for service—practical instructions that echo Num 3:6's assignment.
- Deuteronomy 10:8 (allusion): Speaks of the LORD separating the tribe of Levi to stand before and minister to the LORD—theological summary of the Levites' role alluded to in Num 3:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- "Bring the tribe of Levi near, and set them before Aaron the priest, that they may serve him.
- Bring the tribe of Levi near and set them before Aaron the priest, that they may serve him.
Num.3.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- משמרתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff,3,m
- ואת: CONJ
- משמרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- כל: DET
- העדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעבד: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- עבדת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- המשכן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 1:53 (verbal): States the Levites' charge to ‘do the service of the tabernacle’ and to camp around the tabernacle so that wrath may not fall on the congregation—closely parallels the function of keeping the tabernacle’s watch.
- Numbers 3:8 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: repeats that Aaron and his sons shall appoint the Levites ‘to keep his charge’ and the charge of the whole congregation before the tabernacle—same terminology and duty.
- Leviticus 10:11 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language about teaching Israel ‘to keep the charge of the LORD, and to make the service of the tabernacle of the congregation’—connects priestly/Levitical responsibility for tabernacle service and holiness.
- Deuteronomy 10:8 (thematic): Describes the LORD separating the Levites to minister before Him and to bless in His name—the passage frames the Levites’ distinct role and service to the sanctuary similar to Num 3:7’s assignment of duties.
- 1 Chronicles 23:28–32 (structural): Details the organization and daily duties of the Levites in the house of the LORD (porters, singers, gatekeepers, service tasks), providing a later, structured counterpart to the tabernacle-guarding and service roles described in Num 3:7.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall keep charge of him and the charge of the whole congregation before the tent of meeting, to do the service of the tabernacle.
- They shall keep his charge and the charge of the whole congregation before the Tent of Meeting, to do the service of the tabernacle.
Num.3.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- משמרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעבד: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- עבדת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- המשכן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 1:50-53 (structural): Assigns the Levites in place of the firstborn to perform the service of the tabernacle and carry its furnishings—same institutional role and charge as Num 3:8.
- Numbers 4:4-15 (verbal): Details the Kohathite duties for handling and transporting the holy vessels of the tabernacle and the strict rules about touching them—parallels the practical custody and service language of Num 3:8.
- Numbers 8:24-26 (thematic): Declares that Levites are given to do the service of the LORD and describes their age-limits and service obligation—echoes the consecration and service role described in Num 3:8.
- Deuteronomy 10:8 (allusion): States that the LORD separated the Levites to bear the ark of the LORD and to minister before Him—an early summary of the Levites’ charge over the tabernacle and its service, reflecting Num 3:8.
- 1 Chronicles 23:24-32 (structural): Sets out the organization and specific duties of the Levites in later Israel (gatekeeping, temple service, burdens, courses), paralleling Num 3:8’s assignment of custody and service for the sanctuary.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall keep all the furnishings of the tent of meeting and the charge of the people of Israel, to do the service of the tabernacle.
- They shall keep all the furnishings of the Tent of Meeting and the service of the people of Israel, to do the work of the tabernacle.
Num.3.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונתתה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לאהרן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולבניו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,constr,3ms
- נתונם: NOUN,m,pl,poss3mp
- נתונם: NOUN,m,pl,poss3mp
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- מאת: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 3:6-8 (verbal): Immediate context: assigns the Levites to Aaron and his sons and describes them as given from among Israel—closely repeats language and function.
- Numbers 3:12 (verbal): God declares He has taken the Levites instead of every firstborn of Israel—explains the rationale for giving the Levites to Aaron and his sons.
- Numbers 8:14-19 (thematic): During the cleansing/dedication of the Levites this passage states they are given to Aaron and his sons and taken in place of the firstborn, reiterating the same institution.
- Numbers 18:6-7 (verbal): God instructs that the Levites serve Aaron and his sons and are given to them from among the Israelites, reiterating the Levites’ priestly service and allocation.
- Exodus 13:2 (allusion): God’s claim of Israel’s firstborn—background theological principle (sanctification of firstborn) that underlies the transfer of service from firstborn to Levites.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall give the Levites to Aaron and to his sons; they are a gift—givens to him from among the people of Israel.
- And you shall give the Levites to Aaron and to his sons; they are a gift, they are given to him from among the people of Israel.
Num.3.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- תפקד: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- ושמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- כהנתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3mp
- והזר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הקרב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יומת: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 28:1 (verbal): Commands Moses to take Aaron and his sons from among Israel to serve as priests—parallels the appointment of Aaron and his sons to the priesthood.
- Exodus 29:9 (verbal): Describes the ordination of Aaron's sons and that the priesthood shall be theirs as a perpetual statute—parallels the exclusive status and duties of Aaronic priests.
- Numbers 18:7 (verbal): States that Aaron and his sons shall keep the priesthood and perform its duties—near identical assertion of priestly exclusivity and responsibility.
- Leviticus 10:1-3 (thematic): Narrates the death of Nadab and Abihu for offering unauthorized/strange fire—illustrates and enforces the penalty for unauthorized approach to the sanctuary mentioned in Num 3:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall keep their priesthood; but the stranger who draws near shall be put to death."
- And you shall appoint Aaron and his sons to keep their priesthood; and the stranger who draws near shall be put to death.
Num.3.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Num.1.1 (verbal): Same opening formula—'And the LORD spoke unto Moses'—introducing a new set of instructions (the census); identical verbal/structural function within Numbers.
- Lev.1.1 (verbal): Nearly identical wording ('And the LORD called unto Moses, and spoke unto him'), serving the same function of divine speech to Moses that initiates priestly/ritual legislation.
- Exod.3.10 (thematic): God speaks directly to Moses to commission him ('Come, I will send thee to Pharaoh'); thematically parallel as an instance of divine address commissioning Moses for a mission.
- Num.4.1 (verbal): Another close formula ('And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron'), continuing the pattern of divine commands to Moses (here including Aaron) about duties of the Levites—same communicative role.
Alternative generated candidates
- And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
- And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Num.3.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- הנה: PART
- לקחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מתוך: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תחת: PREP
- כל: DET
- בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
- פטר: NOUN,m,sg,const
- רחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והיו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Numbers 3:11 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the preceding command — identical claim that God has taken the Levites from Israel in place of all the firstborn.
- Numbers 8:16-18 (quotation): Restates that the Levites were taken instead of the firstborn and ties this substitution to the hallowing of the firstborn after the plague in Egypt.
- Exodus 13:2 (thematic): Commands sanctification of every firstborn to the LORD, providing the theological background for why firstborn belong to God and may be substituted by Levites.
- Exodus 34:19 (verbal): Declares that all that open the womb are the LORD's — a succinct affirmation of the same principle that Numbers 3:12 applies to Israel's firstborn.
- Numbers 18:15-16 (structural): Gives the related legal/ritual provision for redemption of firstborn and the role of Levites (and their compensation), showing how the substitution functions practically.
Alternative generated candidates
- "Behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of every firstborn that opens the womb among the children of Israel; the Levites shall be mine.
- Behold, I have taken the Levites from among the sons of Israel in place of every firstborn who opens the womb among the sons of Israel; they are mine.
Num.3.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- כל: DET
- בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
- ביום: PREP
- הכתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- כל: DET
- בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הקדשתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,sg
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- כל: DET
- בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- בהמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 13:2 (quotation): God's command to 'sanctify to me every firstborn' uses the same claim of ownership over the firstborn as in Num 3:13.
- Exodus 13:12-15 (thematic): Narrative of God striking the Egyptian firstborn and consecrating Israelite firstborn explains the historical reason given in Num 3:13.
- Exodus 34:19 (verbal): Uses parallel wording ('all that openeth the womb is mine') that echoes the claim of possession over firstborn persons and animals.
- Numbers 8:16-18 (structural): Describes the transfer of firstborn status to the Levites (their consecration in place of the firstborn), a direct institutional outcome of the claim in Num 3:13.
- Numbers 18:15-18 (thematic): Prescribes redemption and handling of the firstborn and outlines the Levites'/priestly entitlement — legal and cultic development of the principle stated in Num 3:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- For all the firstborn are mine—on the day that I struck down every firstborn in the land of Egypt I consecrated them for myself, every firstborn in Israel, from man to beast; they are mine: I am YHWH."
- For all the firstborn are mine; on the day I struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt I consecrated to myself every firstborn in Israel, both man and beast—they shall be mine; I am YHWH.
Num.3.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סיני: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Num.1.1 (verbal): Uses the same opening formula — 'The LORD spoke unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai...' — establishing the same locative and prophetic frame in the book of Numbers.
- Exod.19.3 (structural): Moses ascends Sinai and the LORD calls/spoke to him; parallels the Sinai setting as the primary locus of divine speech to Moses.
- Exod.3.1-2 (allusion): Earliest commissioning scene where God speaks to Moses at the mountain/bush (Horeb/Sinai), thematically parallel as an initial divine address in a wilderness setting.
- Exod.20.1 (verbal): Similar speech formula — 'And God spake all these words, saying' — linking the divine utterance formula used for commands and laws delivered at Sinai.
- Deut.5.4 (thematic): Refers back to God's revelation at Sinai ('The LORD talked with you out of the midst of the fire'), reinforcing the theme of Sinai as the place of God's direct speech and lawgiving.
Alternative generated candidates
- And YHWH spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying,
- And YHWH spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying:
Num.3.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- לוי: PROPN,m,sg
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבתם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m,pl
- למשפחתם: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
- כל: DET
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבן: PREP
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ומעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- תפקדם: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms+PRON,3,pl
Parallels
- Num.1:2-3 (verbal): Both passages give divine commands to take a census of Israel by clans/families and use the verb ‘to number’ (פקד) in the context of organizing the people.
- Exod.30:11-16 (verbal): Instructions for counting the people for the purpose of a census/ransom; similar language and concern with the technicalities of numbering the population.
- Num.8:24-26 (thematic): Gives rules about the age and duties of the Levites for service; thematically connected to Num 3:15 which specifies who of the Levites are to be counted (age qualifications and service role).
- Num.26:62 (structural): The later (second) census treats the Levites differently (not numbered among the other Israelites), reflecting a developing structural distinction that relates back to their separate enumeration in Num 3:15.
- 1 Chr.23:24-27 (thematic): David’s later organization and age-regulations for Levites echo the concern of Num 3:15 with enumeration, familial/clan divisions, and prescribed service qualifications.
Alternative generated candidates
- "Number the children of Levi by their families, by their fathers' houses; every male from a month old and upward you shall number them."
- Number the sons of Levi by their families, by their fathers' houses; every male from a month old and upward you shall number them.
Num.3.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויפקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Num.1.2 (verbal): Both recount Moses taking a census of Israel at the LORD’s command; similar language and function (numbering the tribes).
- Num.26.2 (structural): A later census under Moses uses the same narrative formula ('the LORD spoke to Moses... take a census'), echoing the structure and purpose of Num 3:16.
- Exod.30.12 (thematic): Also concerns numbering the people (a census) but prescribes a ransom/atonement for those counted—a related procedural regulation for taking a population count.
- 1 Chr.21.5 (thematic): David’s ordering of a national numbering parallels the theme of recording Israel’s fighting men; shows the recurring motif of leaders conducting population counts with significant consequences.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Moses numbered them according to the word of YHWH, as YHWH commanded him.
- And Moses numbered them according to the word of YHWH, as YHWH commanded him.
Num.3.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- לוי: PROPN,m,sg
- בשמתם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,pl
- גרשון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקהת: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומררי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.46.11 (verbal): Same trifold listing of Levi’s sons—Gershon, Kohath, and Merari—appears in Jacob’s genealogy entering Egypt.
- Num.26.57-59 (verbal): Later census repeats the Levite genealogy, again naming Gershon, Kohath, and Merari and specifying their families.
- 1 Chr.23.6 (verbal): Chronicles preserves the Levitical divisions with the identical triad of Gershon, Kohath, and Merari in a priestly/genealogical context.
- 1 Chr.6.1-3 (structural): An extended Levitical genealogy that echoes Numbers’ organization of Levi’s house, situating Gershon, Kohath, and Merari within the larger priestly lineage.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the names of the sons of Levi by their generations: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
- These are the names of the sons of Levi by their names: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
Num.3.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גרשון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחתם: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
- לבני: PREP
- ושמעי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 3:17 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter listing the sons/families of Gershon (Libni and Shimei) — same names and genealogical formula.
- Numbers 26:57 (verbal): The later census repeats the genealogical designation for the Gershonite families, again naming Libni and Shimei as Gershon’s sons.
- Numbers 4:21-23 (structural): Prescribes the tabernacle duties assigned to the Gershonite families — connects the genealogical identity in 3:18 to their ritual/service role.
- 1 Chronicles 6:21 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the Levitical genealogy, naming Gershon’s sons (Libni and Shimei) and thus echoes the same family list found in Numbers.
- Exodus 6:16-18 (thematic): Gives the broader Levitical genealogy (Levi’s sons: Gershon, Kohath, Merari), situating Gershon and his descendants within the ancestral framework to which Numbers 3:18 belongs.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the names of the sons of Gershon by their families: Libni and Shimei.
- And the names of the sons of Gershon by their families were Libni and Shimei.
Num.3.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- קהת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחתם: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
- עמרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויצהר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חברון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועזיאל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 6:18 (verbal): Repeats the same list of Kohath's sons (Amram, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel) in an earlier genealogical listing.
- Numbers 26:57 (verbal): Later census repeats the names of Kohath's sons when enumerating families in the wilderness census.
- 1 Chronicles 6:2 (verbal): Chronicles' genealogy of Levi includes the same sons of Kohath, echoing the Pentateuchal list.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6 (structural): Repeats the names of Kohath's sons within the context of organizing Levite divisions and duties under David, using the genealogy for institutional purpose.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the sons of Kohath by their families: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel.
- And the sons of Kohath by their families were Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel.
Num.3.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- מררי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- למשפחתם: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
- מחלי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומושי: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- משפחת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- הלוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבתם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 3:17 (structural): Immediate context: verse 17 introduces the list of Levi's sons (Gershon, Kohath, Merari), of which v.20 specifies the families of Merari.
- Numbers 4:21-28 (thematic): Continues the Levitical household designations by naming Merari's descendants (Mahli and Mushi) and assigning their service duties—expansion of the family listing in Num 3:20.
- Genesis 46:11 (thematic): Earlier patriarchal genealogy that lists Levi's sons (Gershon, Kohath, Merari), providing background for the later tribal/family divisions cited in Numbers 3:20.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6 (verbal): Parallel genealogical summary in Chronicles that names the sons of Merari as Mahli and Mushi, repeating the same family identification found in Numbers 3:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the sons of Merari by their families: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites, by their fathers' houses.
- And the sons of Merari by their families were Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites by their fathers' houses.
Num.3.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לגרשון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משפחת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- הלבני: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומשפחת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,construct
- השמעי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- משפחת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- הגרשני: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 3:18 (verbal): The immediate parallel in the same chapter listing the Gershonite families as Libni and Shimei (same names/wording in many English translations).
- Numbers 4:21 (structural): Repeats the identification of Gershon’s families (Laadan/Libni and Shimei) when assigning Levitical duties — same family list used in a different functional context.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the Levitical family list, naming Gershon’s sons (rendered Laʻadan/Laadan and Shimei), showing a parallel genealogical tradition with minor orthographic variation.
- 1 Chronicles 6:17 (thematic): Part of the extended Levitical genealogies that include the sons/families of Gershon (Laadan/Libni and Shimei), paralleling Numbers’ account of Levitical family divisions.
Alternative generated candidates
- To Gershon belong the family of Libni and the family of Shimei; these are the families of the Gershonites.
- To the Gershonites belonged the families of Libni and Shimei; these are the family of the Gershonites.
Num.3.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פקדיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- במספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבן: PREP
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ומעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- פקדיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 3:28 (verbal): Census figure for the Kohathite families using the identical formula “every male from a month old and upward”; parallels 3:22 in wording and function.
- Numbers 3:34 (verbal): Census figure for the Merarite families with the same counting formula—another clan total that parallels the structure and language of 3:22.
- Numbers 3:39 (structural): Provides the summary total of the Levite census (summing the clan figures including 3:22), linking the individual clan counts to the overall Levite number.
- Numbers 1:47-54 (thematic): Earlier instruction that the Levites are not to be numbered with the other tribes but are set apart for service—background rationale for the separate Levite census exemplified in 3:22.
- 1 Chronicles 23:3-6 (thematic): The chronicler’s account of Levites being set apart and numbered for temple service echoes the theme of assigning and counting Levites for cultic duties found in Numbers 3:22.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the number of those who were numbered of the Gershonites, every male from a month old and upward, was seven thousand five hundred.
- Their number, every male from a month old and upward, by those recorded, was seven thousand five hundred.
Num.3.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- משפחת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- הגרשני: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אחרי: PREP
- המשכן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יחנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ימה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 3:21-26 (structural): Immediate context: names the families of Gershon and explicitly locates the Gershonites' camp on the west (behind) the tent of meeting, elaborating the same placement.
- Numbers 4:21-26 (verbal): Gives the specific service of the Gershonites (carrying the curtains, coverings, screens of the tabernacle) — connects their assigned camp/location to their tabernacle duties.
- Numbers 2:1-34 (thematic): Sets out the overall arrangement of Israel's camps around the tabernacle; parallels Num 3:23 by situating Levites and tribes in relation to the tabernacle's center.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6-7 (allusion): David's later listing of Levite families and their responsibilities echoes the tribal divisions and functions of the Gershonites found in Numbers.
- Exodus 26:7-13 (allusion): Describes the curtains and coverings of the tabernacle (the very items the Gershonites were assigned to transport), linking material description to the Gershonites' role implied by their camp placement.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Gershonites shall camp behind the tabernacle on the west.
- The Gershonites shall camp behind the Tent of Meeting on the west.
Num.3.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לגרשני: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אליסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 3:21-26 (verbal): Immediate context in the same chapter using the same formal phraseology to name the chiefs of the Levite families (the same catalogue-setting formula and parallel names).
- Numbers 1:4 (structural): Earlier national census that employs the same structural device—naming the heads/princes of families/tribes—paralleling the function of listing clan chiefs in Num 3:24.
- Exodus 6:16-25 (allusion): Genealogical background for Levi’s household (Gershon, Kohath, Merari); provides the ancestral framework for the Levite family divisions and their chiefs named in Numbers 3.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6-7 (thematic): Post‑Davidic listing of the Gershonite families and their leaders; reflects the same tradition of recording Levite clan heads and administrative organization.
- Joshua 21:4-5 (thematic): Account of Levitical allocations organized by clan (Kohathites, Gershonites, Merarites); parallels the administrative role and family‑based organization evident in Num 3:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the chief of the fathers' house of the Gershonites was Eliasaph the son of Lael.
- And the leader of the fathers' house of the Gershonites was Eliasaph son of Lael.
Num.3.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומשמרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גרשון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באהל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המשכן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והאהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מכסהו: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומסך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Num.4.24-26 (quotation): Direct repetition/expansion of the same charge: the Gershonites are assigned the care of the tent’s coverings, the tent covering itself, and the screen at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
- Exod.26.1-14 (verbal): Gives the specifications for the tabernacle curtains, coverings, and the screen of the entrance—the very items the Gershonites are charged to handle; shared terminology (curtain, covering, screen).
- Exod.36.8-19 (structural): Describes the actual fabrication and assembly of the tabernacle curtains and coverings; provides material/structural background for the objects the Gershonites guarded and transported.
- 1 Chr.23.6 (allusion): Post‑exilic/chronological summary that assigns to the Gershonites responsibility for the tabernacle hangings, curtains and related coverings—reiterating the same functional role found in Numbers.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the charge of the sons of Gershon concerning the tabernacle and the tent: the tent, its covering, and the curtain of the entrance to the tent of meeting.
- And the duties of the sons of Gershon in the Tent of Meeting were the tent, its covering, and the screen at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.
Num.3.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וקלעי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- החצר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- מסך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החצר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- המשכן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
- ואת: CONJ
- מיתריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- לכל: PREP
- עבדתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3fs
Parallels
- Exodus 38:9 (verbal): Nearly identical wording—lists the hangings of the court, the screen for the gate by the tabernacle and altar, and their cords, echoing Num 3:26's inventory.
- Numbers 4:8 (verbal): Repeats the same catalogue of items (hangings of the court, screen for the door, and cords) in the context of Levite/Kohathite duties—same language and function.
- Exodus 27:9-16 (structural): Gives the architectural specifications and arrangement for the court and its gate-hanging, providing the structural context for the items named in Num 3:26.
- Exodus 36:38 (allusion): Describes the making/installation of the court hangings and gate-screen during the tabernacle's construction, alluding to the same fittings enumerated in Num 3:26.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the hangings of the court and the curtain for the entrance to the court that is around the tabernacle and around the altar, with all their cords for all their service.
- And the ropes of the court and the screen for the entrance of the court that is around the tabernacle and around the altar, and all their cords, for all their service.
Num.3.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקהת: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- משפחת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- העמרמי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומשפחת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cs
- היצהרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומשפחת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cs
- החברני: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומשפחת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cs
- העזיאלי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- משפחת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- הקהתי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 6:18 (verbal): Gives the names of Kohath’s sons (Amram, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel) — the same ancestral names behind the Kohathite families named in Numbers 3:27.
- Numbers 26:57-62 (verbal): Repeats the Kohathite genealogical list and enumerates the families descended from Kohath, paralleling the family-naming in Num 3:27.
- Numbers 4:1-15 (structural): Describes the specific duties and organization of the Kohathite clans in service to the sanctuary, explaining the functional significance of the family groups listed in Num 3:27.
- 1 Chronicles 6:1-15 (verbal): Chronicles the Levite genealogy including Kohath and his sons (Amram, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel), providing a parallel genealogical account to the Kohathite families named in Numbers 3:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to Kohath: the families of the Amramites, the Izharites, the Hebronites, and the Uzzielites—these are the families of the Kohathites.
- To Kohath belonged the families of the Amramites, the Izharites, the Hebronites, and the Uzzielites; these are the families of the Kohathites.
Num.3.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- במספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבן: PREP
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ומעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- שמנת: NUM,f,sg,cons
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושש: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שמרי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- משמרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 1:2-3 (structural): Both passages present an organized population count 'by the house of their fathers'—1:2–3 sets the census pattern later applied to the Levites in ch. 3.
- Numbers 3:40-51 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter: these verses contrast the numbering of the Levites with the redeemed firstborn and restate totals and redemption instructions, directly linked to 3:28’s census context.
- Numbers 4:1-49 (structural): The Levites are again numbered and apportioned by family for specific sanctuary duties; the chapter continues the administrative logic behind the Levites’ census in 3:28.
- Exodus 30:11-16 (thematic): A different form of census (half‑shekel ransom) tied to sanctuary service and obligation; thematically parallels the use of counting to regulate cultic responsibility and redemption.
- 1 Chronicles 23:3-6 (thematic): David’s later numbering and organization of the Levites echoes the institutional purpose of the Numbers census—counting Levites to assign priestly and Levitical duties and report totals.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the number of those who were numbered of the Kohathites, every male from a month old and upward, was eight thousand six hundred, keepers of the charge of the sanctuary.
- Their number, every male from a month old and upward, by those recorded, was eight thousand six hundred, keepers of the charge of the sanctuary.
Num.3.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- משפחת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- קהת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יחנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- ירך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המשכן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תימנה: ADV
Parallels
- Numbers 1:50-53 (verbal): States the general rule that the Levites shall camp round about the tabernacle of testimony—directly parallels the statement that the Kohathite families camp at the side of the tabernacle.
- Numbers 2:32 (structural): Describes the Levites' encampment around the Tabernacle as part of the tribal campsite arrangement, providing the broader camp-structure context for Num. 3:29.
- Numbers 3:25-26 (verbal): Immediate context within the same chapter assigning the Kohathite families their place and duties; these verses discuss preserving and numbering the families of Kohath who serve at the tabernacle.
- Numbers 4:4-15 (thematic): Details the specific duties and restrictions of the Kohathites in transporting the holy things of the Tabernacle, linking their assigned camping place to their priestly/Levites’ service.
- Deuteronomy 10:8 (allusion): Summarizes the LORD’s separation of the Levites to minister and bear the ark—theological rationale behind Levites (including Kohath) camping and serving around the sanctuary.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Kohathites shall camp on the side of the tabernacle toward the south.
- The Kohathites shall camp on the side of the Tent of Meeting on the south.
Num.3.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- הקהתי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אליצפן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 4:16 (verbal): Repeats the same identification of Elizaphan son of Uzziel as the chief of the Kohathite families in the chapter that assigns Kohathite duties—nearly identical wording.
- Numbers 3:29 (structural): Parallel within the same chapter using the same formula ('the chief of the fathers' house') to introduce the heads of other Levite families (here the Gershonites), showing the roster of household chiefs.
- Numbers 26:57 (thematic): Later census lists the sons of Kohath (Amram, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel), situating Uzziel genealogically and connecting Elizaphan to the Kohathite lineage and family-head structure.
- Exodus 6:18 (thematic): Genealogical passage that names Uzziel as a son/descendant in the Kohathite line, providing the ancestral background for Elizaphan (son of Uzziel) mentioned in Num 3:30.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the chief of the fathers' house of the Kohathites was Elizaphan the son of Uzziel.
- And the leader of the fathers' house of the Kohathites was Elizaphan son of Uzziel.
Num.3.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומשמרתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- הארן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והשלחן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והמנרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והמזבחת: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישרתו: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,pl
- בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- והמסך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- עבדתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+suff3,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 4:5-15 (structural): Direct continuation and detailed instructions for the Kohathite Levites about carrying and guarding the holy vessels (ark, table, lampstand, altars) and the prohibition against touching them.
- Deuteronomy 10:8 (verbal): States that the LORD separated the Levites to bear the ark and to stand before the LORD to minister—parallels the assignment of Levites to keep and serve the sanctuary.
- Exodus 25:10-40 (verbal): Gives the original specifications and descriptions of the ark, table, and lampstand (and related sanctuary furnishings) listed in Num 3:31; the source for these items.
- Hebrews 9:2-4 (allusion): New Testament summary of the tabernacle's holy objects (lampstand, table, golden altar, ark) and the ministering role—reflects the same sacred furniture and service in theological reflection.
- 1 Chronicles 23:27-32 (thematic): Outlines Levitical organization and duties in the service of the temple, including guarding chambers and attending to sacred service—parallels the Levites' charge to keep and minister to the holy things.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to their charge were the ark, the table, the lampstand, the altars, and the vessels of the sanctuary, with the curtain and all the service of their ministry.
- And their charge was the ark, the table, the lampstand, the altars, and the utensils of the sanctuary with which they serve, and the screen and all the service connected with them.
Num.3.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נשיאי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הלוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- פקדת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- שמרי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- משמרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 4:16 (verbal): Repeats the same appointment: Eleazar the priest is placed over those charged with the service/keeping of the sanctuary (direct verbal parallel about Eleazar’s oversight).
- Exodus 6:23 (allusion): Identifies Eleazar as a son of Aaron the priest—confirms the same person named here and establishes his priestly lineage referenced in Num 3:32.
- Numbers 3:6–9 (thematic): Explains the Levites’ consecration to Aaron and their duties ‘to keep the tabernacle,’ providing the background purpose for appointing an overseer like Eleazar.
- 1 Chronicles 23:28–32 (structural): Gives a later, systematic listing and assignment of Levite duties and leadership under appointed heads—parallel in function and organization to the chiefs/overseers named in Num 3:32.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the chief of the chiefs of the Levites was Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest; he was over those who kept the charge of the sanctuary.
- And the chief of the fathers' houses of the Levites was Eleazar son of Aaron the priest, appointed over those who kept the charge of the sanctuary.
Num.3.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- למררי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משפחת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- המחלי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומשפחת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- המושי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- משפחת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- מררי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 3:31-36 (structural): Immediate context: further verses in the same passage expand on the Merarite families and describe their assigned duties and encampment — continuation of the genealogical/listing formula.
- Numbers 4:29-33 (thematic): Details the specific duties assigned to the Merarite clans (transporting the frames, pillars, bases, and all the equipment of the tabernacle), developing the functional role implied by the family listing in 3:33.
- Numbers 3:17-27 (structural): Parallel listings of other Levitical clans (Gershonites and Kohathites) using the same genealogical formula; shows the literary pattern for enumerating Levite families and their subdivisions.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6 (verbal): Direct genealogical parallel in the Chronicler’s account: repeats the names of Merari’s sons (Mahli and Mushi), echoing the family formula found in Numbers 3:33.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to Merari: the families of Mahli and Mushi; these are the families of Merari.
- And to the Merarites belonged the families of Mahli and Mushi; these are the families of the Merarites.
Num.3.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ופקדיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3mp,conj
- במספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבן: PREP
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ומעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ששת: NUM,m,sg,construct
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ומאתים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Num.3.15 (verbal): Same chapter instruction to number the sons of Levi “from a month old and upward”; Num 3:34 gives the resulting total — direct verbal/internal parallel.
- Num.1:2–3 (thematic): Earlier census instruction for Israel’s males (“from twenty years old and upward”) — parallels the practice of numbering the people though with a different age criterion and purpose.
- Exod.30:12–16 (thematic): Census regulation by a half‑shekel for those twenty years and upward; parallels Numbers’ concern with orderly counting and age‑based inclusion in Israel’s registers.
- Num.4:3 (thematic): Defines Levites’ service age range (thirty to fifty) for duties — relates to Numbers’ treatment of Levites by age and role, contrasting the counting criteria in Num 3:34.
- 1 Chron.23:3–4,24–27 (structural): David’s organization and numbering of Levites and assignment of ages/duties reflects later tradition of counting Levites and specifying age brackets for service, echoing Num 3’s census data and functional categories.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the number of those who were numbered of the families of Merari, every male from a month old and upward, was six thousand two hundred.
- Their number, every male from a month old and upward, by those recorded, was six thousand two hundred.
Num.3.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונשיא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למשפחת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cst
- מררי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צוריאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביחיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- ירך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המשכן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יחנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- צפנה: ADV
Parallels
- Numbers 3:22 (verbal): Uses the same formula listing the chief of a Levitical family (rulers of the families of Gershon: 'Eliasaph son of Lael'), paralleling the naming of Zuriel son of Abihail as prince of the Merarite family.
- Numbers 3:27 (verbal): Parallel structure listing the rulers of the Kohathite families ('Elizaphan son of Uzziel'), showing the same census-style naming of Levitical leaders and their assigned stations.
- Numbers 2:25 (structural): Gives the tribal encampment arrangement around the tabernacle (north side), corresponding to Num 3:35’s statement about where the Merarite family shall camp beside the tabernacle.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6 (allusion): Later restates the divisions and duties of the Levite families (Gershon, Kohath, Merari) and their leaders — a retrospective parallel to the assignments and chiefs named in Numbers 3.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the chief of the fathers' house of the family of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail. They shall camp on the side of the tabernacle toward the north.
- And the leader of the fathers' house of the Merarites was Zuriel son of Abihail. On the side of the Tent of Meeting toward the north they shall camp.
Num.3.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ופקדת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- משמרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מררי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קרשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- המשכן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובריחיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3ms
- ועמדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3ms
- ואדניו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3ms
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- כליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- עבדתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3ms
Parallels
- Numbers 4:31–33 (verbal): Repeats and expands the assignment of the Merarite clan to carry the frames (boards), bars, pillars and bases of the tabernacle — essentially the same duties listed in Num. 3:36.
- Exodus 26:26–30 (verbal): Gives the detailed description of the tabernacle's boards, bars, pillars and bases (the very items the Merarites are charged to transport and handle).
- 1 Chronicles 23:24–25 (structural): The Chronicler lists Levitical divisions and assigns the Merarites to be over the burdens/service of the house of the LORD, echoing the occupational role described in Num. 3:36.
- Deuteronomy 10:8 (thematic): States the broader principle that the LORD separated the Levites to carry the ark and to minister before the LORD — the wider vocational context for the specific Merarite duties in Num. 3:36.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the charge of the families of Merari was the frames of the tabernacle, its bars, its pillars, and its sockets, and all its equipment and all its service.
- And the duties of the sons of Merari were the frames of the tabernacle, its bars, its pillars, and its sockets, and all its vessels and all its service.
Num.3.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועמדי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- החצר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
- ואדניהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,pl
- ויתדתם: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,pl
- ומיתריהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 3:30-32 (verbal): Immediate context in the same chapter: lists the Levites appointed about the tabernacle and uses the same vocabulary and framing (those who attend/stand about the tent and their household equipment).
- Numbers 4:21-33 (thematic): Instructions for the Levites’ service (Gershon, Kohath, Merari): duties in guarding and carrying the tabernacle and its fittings, echoing the assignment of Levites who ‘stand round’ the tabernacle and handle its implements (stakes, cords, etc.).
- Numbers 1:50-53 (structural): Earlier census/assignment passage that arranges the Levites around the tabernacle to keep its charge — a parallel structural statement about Levites encamping and serving around the sanctuary.
- Exodus 26:1-13 (verbal): Description of the tabernacle’s curtains, coverings, pegs and cords in the construction and setting up of the tent of meeting; shares concrete vocabulary and concerns (pegs, cords, tent fittings) with Num. 3:37.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the pillars of the court all around, their sockets, pegs, and cords.
- And the pillars of the court all around, with their sockets, their pegs, and their cords.
Num.3.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והחנים: VERB,qal,ptcp,-,m,pl,def
- לפני: PREP
- המשכן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- קדמה: ADV
- לפני: PREP
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזרחה: ADV
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואהרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובניו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- שמרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- משמרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- המקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- למשמרת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והזר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הקרב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יומת: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 1:50-53 (verbal): Direct parallel language and function: Levites are appointed to 'keep the charge of the tabernacle' and to camp round about the tent of meeting to prevent wrath on Israel, echoing Num 3:38's assignment of sanctuary guardianship and camp placement.
- Numbers 3:6-10 (structural): Immediate context within the same chapter describing the Levites' consecration to Aaron and their service at the tabernacle—clarifies the administrative and ritual role summarized in 3:38.
- Leviticus 10:1-3 (thematic): Narrative example of fatal consequences for unauthorized approach to the sanctuary (Nadab and Abihu), illustrating the principle behind 'the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.'
- Leviticus 16:2 (verbal): God's prohibition against entering the holy place except as prescribed (punishment for violation) parallels Num 3:38's restriction on approaching the sanctuary and the severe penalty for transgression.
Alternative generated candidates
- And those who camped before the tabernacle on the east, before the tent of meeting, eastward, were Moses and Aaron and his sons, keeping the charge of the sanctuary for the people of Israel; and the stranger who came near was to be put to death.
- Those who camped before the Tent of Meeting toward the east—before the Tent of Meeting—were Moses and Aaron and his sons, who kept the charge of the sanctuary to keep the charge of the people of Israel; and the stranger who draws near shall be put to death.
Num.3.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- פקודי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- פקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואהרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- למשפחתם: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
- כל: DET
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבן: PREP
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ומעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
Parallels
- Num.1:47-49 (verbal): Both passages treat the Levites as a separate count from the tribal census of Israel; Levites are numbered by Moses and Aaron and set apart rather than included in the general census.
- Num.3:40-51 (structural): Immediate literary continuation: explains substitution of the Levites for the firstborn, gives the related numbers (Levites 22,000; firstborn counted and redeemed), and records the redemption payment.
- Num.8:24-26 (thematic): Returns to Levite service qualifications and ages (service beginning and ending ages), illustrating a related but different criterion for Levite duties versus the broad counting of males 'from a month old and upward' in 3:39.
- Num.18:15-18 (thematic): Prescribes that the firstborn belong to the LORD and must be redeemed and explains that the Levites are given to God in their place— theological/legal rationale behind counting the Levites separately.
- 1 Chron.23:24-25 (thematic): David's later organization and numbering of Levites by age for service (appointed ages and numerical lists) parallels the concern with Levite counts and service qualifications found in Numbers.
Alternative generated candidates
- All those who were numbered of the Levites whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the word of YHWH, by their families, every male from a month old and upward, were twenty-two thousand.
- All those whom Moses and Aaron recorded of the Levites, according to the word of YHWH, by their families, every male from a month old and upward, were twenty-two thousand.
Num.3.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- פקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- בכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבן: PREP
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ומעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ושא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- שמתם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 13:2 (thematic): Divine command to consecrate every firstborn—establishes the special status of firstborn that underlies the instruction to number them.
- Exodus 13:12-13 (verbal): Commands to redeem firstborn sons and animals echo the concern with the firstborn's status and the need for their redemption, a theme picked up in Numbers 3.
- Exodus 30:11-16 (structural): Prescribes a census procedure paired with a ransom payment for those counted—parallels the practice of counting and later redeeming persons (here, the firstborn) to avert guilt.
- Numbers 3:12-13 (verbal): God's earlier statement that the Levites are taken instead of every firstborn directly motivates counting the firstborn (to determine the substitutional role of the Levites).
- Numbers 3:44-51 (quotation): Direct continuation and fulfillment of the command in 3:40: Moses counts the firstborn and arranges their redemption (including the five‑shekel valuation).
Alternative generated candidates
- And YHWH said to Moses, "Number all the firstborn males of the children of Israel, from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names."
- And YHWH said to Moses, "Number all the firstborn males of the people of Israel from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names."
Num.3.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקחת: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- תחת: PREP
- כל: DET
- בכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,const
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בהמת: NOUN,f,sg,constr
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- תחת: PREP
- כל: DET
- בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
- בבהמת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,constr
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 18:15-18 (verbal): Direct parallel language: God declares all firstborn are His and that He has taken the Levites in place of the firstborn; same substitutionary role and formula 'I am the LORD.'
- Numbers 8:16-18 (structural): Earlier commissioning of the Levites: outlines the Levites' separation to serve the tabernacle and explicitly states they are given in place of the firstborn, foreshadowing 3:41's statement.
- Exodus 13:2, 11-16 (thematic): Establishes the principle of consecrating or redeeming the firstborn to the LORD because He struck the firstborn in Egypt; provides theological rationale for substituting Levites for Israel's firstborn.
- Deuteronomy 10:8-9 (thematic): Speaks of Moses setting apart the Levites as those who have the LORD as their inheritance and who carry the ark—echoes the idea that Levites belong to God in place of a territorial inheritance (i.e., instead of firstborn inheritance).
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall take the Levites for me—I am YHWH—in place of every firstborn among the children of Israel, and the livestock of the Levites instead of the livestock of the firstborn among the livestock of the children of Israel.
- And you shall take the Levites for me—I am YHWH—in place of all the firstborn among the people of Israel, and the beasts of the Levites instead of the beasts of the firstborn among the beasts of the people of Israel.
Num.3.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויפקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- בכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,const
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exod.13.2 (thematic): God commands that all firstborn (of people and animals) be consecrated to him — establishes the obligation behind the census of firstborn in Numbers.
- Num.3.12 (quotation): God declares that he has taken the Levites instead of all the firstborn of Israel — provides the theological rationale for numbering and redeeming firstborn.
- Num.3.44 (verbal): Immediate parallel report that Moses carried out the LORD’s instruction and collected the redemption money — repeats the formula 'Moses did as the LORD commanded' and continues the same transaction.
- Exod.34.19 (thematic): Affirms that whatever opens the womb belongs to the LORD (and includes regulations for redeeming firstborn animals), echoing the principle behind the Israelite firstborn census and redemption.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses did as YHWH commanded him: he numbered all the firstborn among the children of Israel.
- And Moses did as YHWH commanded him; so he numbered all the firstborn among the people of Israel.
Num.3.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- במספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מבן: PREP
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ומעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- לפקדיהם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss3mp
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- שלשה: NUM,m
- ושבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- ומאתים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 13:2 (thematic): Commands that all firstborn are holy to the LORD — background principle for counting and consecrating firstborn mentioned in Numbers 3:43.
- Numbers 3:40-51 (structural): Immediate chapter context: the Levites are counted and substituted for the firstborn, and the parallel census figures and redemption instructions explain the relationship to the total of firstborn in 3:43.
- Numbers 18:15-16 (verbal): Repeats legal detail about every firstborn from a month old belonging to the LORD and the provision for redemption/valuation of firstborn, echoing the age and sanctification criterion in 3:43.
- Exodus 30:12-13 (thematic): Prescribes taking a half-shekel ransom at census to avoid plague — conceptually linked to the redemption/value of persons counted, as applied to the firstborn and their substitution in Numbers 3.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the firstborn males, by the number of names, from a month old and upward, that were numbered of them were twenty-two thousand two hundred seventy-three.
- And all the firstborn males, by number of names, from a month old and upward, whom Moses numbered among them, were twenty-two thousand three hundred and seventy-three.
Num.3.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Numbers 1:1 (structural): Uses the same introductory formula (“וידבר יהוה אל־משה… לאמר”) to introduce a census and divine instructions — same structural device beginning a section of commands.
- Leviticus 1:1 (verbal): Identical verbal formula (“וידבר יהוה אל־משה לאמר”) introducing laws about sacrifices; a parallel example of God speaking directly to Moses to transmit legislation.
- Exodus 6:2 (thematic): “ויאמר אלהים אל־משה” — God’s direct speech to Moses revealing divine identity and commissioning Moses; parallels Num 3:44 as an instance of divine instruction to Moses.
- Deuteronomy 5:4 (allusion): “יהוה דיבר את כל־הדברים האלה לֵאמֹר” — public declaration of God’s words given through Moses; echoes the motif of God speaking through Moses to convey commandments.
Alternative generated candidates
- And YHWH said to Moses, "Take the Levites for me instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel; and the livestock of the Levites instead of their livestock; they shall be mine—I am YHWH.
- And YHWH said to Moses, saying:
Num.3.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- קח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- תחת: PREP
- כל: DET
- בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
- בבני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,const
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בהמת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- תחת: PREP
- בהמתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- והיו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 3:12 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: the phrase 'I have taken the Levites instead of all the firstborn' repeats the claim that the Levites stand in place of Israel's firstborn.
- Numbers 8:17 (quotation): Restates the substitutional role of the Levites—'I have taken the Levites instead of all the firstborn of the Israelites'—and connects this decree to the Passover deliverance.
- Numbers 18:15-16 (structural): Gives the legal/ritual framework for firstborns and their redemption; explains how Levites are assigned to service in place of the firstborn and how redemption of human firstborn is to be handled.
- Exodus 13:2 (thematic): Sets the foundational principle that every firstborn (human and animal) is holy to the LORD, which undergirds the idea of consecrating or substituting the Levites for the firstborn.
- Leviticus 27:26 (thematic): Declares that the firstborn of animals belong to the LORD, reflecting the broader cultic law and ownership motif underlying Numbers' statement about the firstborn and Levites.
Alternative generated candidates
- And as for the redemption of the ones in excess, the ransom of those more than the Levites among the firstborn of Israel,
- Take the Levites for me in place of all the firstborn among the people of Israel, and the beasts of the Levites in place of the beasts of the firstborn; they shall be mine—I am YHWH.
Num.3.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- פדויי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- השלשה: NUM,m,pl,def
- והשבעים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,def
- והמאתים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,def
- העדפים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- על: PREP
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מבכור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 3:44-51 (structural): Immediate narrative context: lists total firstborn, number of Levites, the 370 excess, the redemption payment and delivery to Eleazar — directly expands and frames 3:46.
- Numbers 3:47 (verbal): Specifies the redemption rate of five shekels per person and the total 1,850 shekels, completing the monetary calculation implicit in 3:46.
- Numbers 18:15-16 (verbal): Legal prescription to redeem every firstborn and to take five shekels by the sanctuary shekel — the legal basis and identical valuation used for the redemption in Numbers 3.
- Exodus 13:12-13 (thematic): Commands that Israel's firstborn be consecrated and redeemed after the Exodus — provides the theological background for redeeming firstborns mentioned in 3:46.
- Numbers 8:16-19 (thematic): Declares that the Levites are taken in place of the firstborn of Israel — explains why excess firstborns must be redeemed when Levites are counted as the Lord's portion.
Alternative generated candidates
- you shall take the redemption money for the two hundred seventy-three who were in excess above the Levites from among the firstborn of the children of Israel.
- And you shall redeem the excess of the firstborn from among the people of Israel, those who are over and above the Levites.
Num.3.47 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקחת: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- חמשת: NUM,m,sg,cons
- חמשת: NUM,m,sg,cons
- שקלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לגלגלת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בשקל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תקח: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- גרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- השקל: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exod.30.12-13 (verbal): Explicitly defines the sanctuary shekel as twenty gerah and uses the same phrase 'shekel of the sanctuary' in monetary assessments (half‑shekel census), echoing the weight/value language of Num 3:47.
- Num.3.46-51 (structural): Immediate context of Num 3:47 — the instructions to redeem and count the Levites and the actual taking/counting of the five‑shekel payments (the same formula repeated and totaled in vv.48‑51).
- Num.18.15-16 (thematic): Addresses the redemption of firstborn and the priestly role in valuation/redeeming — parallel legal theme (redemption payments and priestly handling of the money) to Num 3:47's fixed five‑shekel rate.
- Lev.27.1-8,25 (verbal): Leviticus 27 uses the same technical language of valuations and 'shekel of the sanctuary' (setting values for persons, houses, gifts), reflecting the same standard of currency/valuation employed in Num 3:47.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall take five shekels per head, by the shekel of the sanctuary; the shekel is twenty gerahs.
- And you shall take for the redemption five shekels by the shekel of the sanctuary (the shekel is twenty gerahs); take it for them.
Num.3.48 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונתתה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאהרן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולבניו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,constr,3ms
- פדויי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- העדפים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Exod.30.12-16 (verbal): Prescribes the census-ransom (half-shekel) and its use as atonement money; parallels Numbers' requirement to collect silver as a ransom and assign it for priestly/service purposes.
- Num.18.15-16,21-24 (thematic): Discusses redemption of the firstborn and the Levites' role, and the transfer of redemption money for the service of the priests — closely parallels giving the collected silver to Aaron and his sons.
- Num.8.11-19 (thematic): When the Levites are set apart they are 'redeemed' and associated redemption provisions are made; thematically matches the transfer of redemption money to the priests in Num 3:48.
- Lev.27.1-8 (verbal): Gives laws for valuation and redemption of persons dedicated to the LORD (specific shekel amounts); parallels the legal/monetary mechanism behind redeeming persons and allocating silver to priests.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall give the money, the ransom of those redeemed, to Aaron and to his sons.
- And you shall give the money for the redemption to Aaron and to his sons for the excess.
Num.3.49 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפדיום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מאת: PREP
- העדפים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- על: PREP
- פדויי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Exodus 30:12-16 (verbal): Instruction to collect a half-shekel (ransom) from each person in a census — same ritual principle and language of collecting silver as a redemption for persons counted.
- Numbers 8:16-19 (allusion): Description of taking money for the Levites at their consecration and assigning them to service — closely parallels Moses' taking of the redemption silver for the Levites.
- Numbers 18:15-16 (thematic): Law about redeeming the firstborn and the price to be paid to redeem persons — relates to the exchange/value concept whereby Levites serve in place of the firstborn, requiring redemption money.
- Leviticus 27:2-8 (thematic): Valuations and redemption of persons and things devoted by vow, giving prices for redeeming persons — provides wider legal background for paying silver as a ransom/redemption.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Moses took the redemption money from those who were in excess over those redeemed for the Levites.
- And Moses took the redemption money from those who were counted in excess among those who were counted from the firstborn of the people of Israel, as YHWH commanded him.
Num.3.50 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מאת: PREP
- בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- חמשה: NUM,m,pl
- וששים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
- ושלש: CONJ+NUM,card,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ואלף: NUM,card,m,sg
- בשקל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 3:12 (structural): Immediate context: God declares the Levites taken in place of all the firstborn of Israel—background for the census and the redemption/payment of firstborn recorded in 3:50.
- Numbers 18:15-16 (verbal): Repeats the specific law and formula: the firstborn are to be redeemed at five shekels a head 'according to the shekel of the sanctuary'—verbal and legal parallel to the sum/formula in 3:50.
- Exodus 13:2, 11-13 (thematic): Commands to consecrate every firstborn to the LORD and to redeem the firstborn where appropriate; provides the theological/legal basis for the redemption/payment of firstborn in Numbers 3.
- Exodus 30:12-16 (thematic): Uses the 'shekel of the sanctuary' and the idea of paying money as a ransom/atonement (the half-shekel census/atonement); parallels the monetary terminology and the concept of paying for/redeeming persons dedicated to the LORD.
- Luke 2:22-24 (allusion): New Testament reflection of the practice surrounding firstborns: presentation and associated rites (and implicitly the later Jewish practice of pidyon haben). Connects the Pentateuchal mandate about firstborn consecration/redemption to the post-biblical ritual context.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the firstborn of the people of Israel he took the money, one thousand three hundred sixty-five shekels, by the shekel of the sanctuary.
- From the firstborn of the people of Israel he took the money—one thousand three hundred and sixty-five shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary.
Num.3.51 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפדים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לאהרן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולבניו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,constr,3ms
- על: PREP
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 18:15-16 (verbal): Repeats and expands the same law: redeemed persons/firstborn are to be redeemed with silver and the money given to Aaron and his sons (same command and destination).
- Exodus 13:12-13 (thematic): Establishes the principle of consecrating or redeeming the firstborn of Israel (man and beast), the underlying institution that makes redemption payments necessary.
- Leviticus 27:6-8 (thematic): Provides rules for valuing persons and redeeming vows with silver shekels — a related legal framework for redemption payments and their monetary valuation.
- Exodus 30:12-16 (thematic): Prescribes a silver ‘atonement’/ransom (half-shekel) to be given at a census to avoid plague — a parallel practice of collecting money as a communal ransom/atonement that is handled as sacred funds.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses gave the redemption money to Aaron and to his sons, according to the word of YHWH, as YHWH commanded Moses.
- And Moses gave the redemption money to Aaron and his sons, according to the word of YHWH, as YHWH commanded Moses.
And these are the generations of Aaron and Moses on the day that YHWH spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai. And these are the names of the sons of Aaron the firstborn: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests—the anointed, those consecrated to serve as priests. And Nadab and Abihu died before YHWH when they offered strange fire before YHWH in the wilderness of Sinai; and they had no sons. So Eleazar and Ithamar ministered as priests in the presence of their father Aaron. And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
"Bring the tribe of Levi near, and set them before Aaron the priest, that they may serve him.
They shall keep his charge and the charge of the whole congregation before the tent of meeting, to do the service of the tabernacle.
They shall keep all the instruments of the tent of meeting and the charge of the people of Israel, to minister in the service of the tabernacle. And you shall give the Levites to Aaron and to his sons; they are a gift, a gift to him from among the people of Israel. And you shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall keep their priesthood; but the outsider who comes near shall be put to death." And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
"Behold, I have taken the Levites from among the people of Israel in place of every firstborn that opens the womb among the people of Israel; the Levites shall be mine.
For all the firstborn are mine—on the day that I struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt I consecrated to myself every firstborn in Israel, man and beast; they are mine: I am YHWH." And YHWH spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying,
"Number the sons of Levi by their families, by their fathers' houses; every male from a month old and upward you shall number them." And Moses numbered them according to the word of YHWH, as he was commanded.
These are the names of the sons of Levi by their names: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. And these are the names of the sons of Gershon by their families: Libni and Shimei. And the sons of Kohath by their families: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. And the sons of Merari by their families: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites by their fathers' houses.
To the Gershon family: the Libni family and the Shimei family; these are the Gershonite families.
Their numbering, every male from a month old and upward, by their records, was seven thousand five hundred.
The Gershonite families shall camp behind the tabernacle on the west. And the chief of the fathers' houses of Gershon was Eliasaph son of Lael. And the charge of the Gershonites concerning the tent of meeting: the tabernacle, its coverings, and the screen at the entrance of the tent of meeting. And the ropes of the court and the screen for the entrance of the court that is around the tabernacle and around the altar, and their ropes for all their service. And to Kohath belonged the Amramite family, the Izharite family, the Hebronite family, and the Uzzielite family; these are the families of Kohath.
By their numbering, every male from a month old and upward, their numbering was eight thousand six hundred—keepers of the charge of the sanctuary.
The Kohathite families shall camp on the south side of the tabernacle. And the chief of the fathers' houses of the Kohathites was Elizaphan son of Uzziel. And their charge: the ark, the table, the lampstand, the altars, and the utensils of the sanctuary with which they minister, and the screen and all their service. And the chief of the chiefs of the Levites was Eleazar son of Aaron the priest; he was set over the keepers of the charge of the sanctuary.
To the Merari family: the Mahli family and the Mushi family; these are the Merarite families. And their numbering, every male from a month old and upward, by their records, was six thousand two hundred. And the chief of the fathers' houses of the Merarites was Zuriel son of Abihail. They shall camp on the north side of the tabernacle. And the charge of the Merarites: the boards of the tabernacle, its bars, its pillars, its bases, and all its utensils and all its service. And the pillars of the court all around, their bases, their pegs, and their cords. And those who camped before the tabernacle toward the east, before the tent of meeting—Moses and Aaron and his sons—shall keep the charge of the sanctuary for the service of the people of Israel; and the outsider who comes near shall be put to death.
All those whom Moses and Aaron numbered of the Levites, according to the word of YHWH, by their families, every male from a month old and upward, were twenty-two thousand. And YHWH said to Moses, "Number all the firstborn males among the people of Israel, from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names." And you shall take the Levites for me—I am YHWH—in place of every firstborn among the people of Israel, and the livestock of the Levites for the livestock of the firstborn among the livestock of the people of Israel. And Moses numbered according to the word of YHWH to him all the firstborn among the people of Israel. And the number of all the firstborn males, by name, from a month old and upward, by their records, was twenty-two thousand two hundred seventy-three. And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
"Take the Levites for me—I am YHWH—in place of every firstborn among the people of Israel; and the livestock of the Levites for the livestock of the firstborn among the livestock of the people of Israel." And the redemption money for those who were more, the two hundred seventy-three who were over and above the Levites from the firstborn among the people of Israel,
you shall take five shekels per head, by the shekel of the sanctuary (the shekel is twenty gerah). And you shall give the money to Aaron and to his sons as the redemption money for those who are in excess. And Moses took the redemption money from those who were in excess, from those redeemed, from the firstborn of the people of Israel.
From the firstborn of the people of Israel he took one thousand three hundred sixty-five shekels, by the shekel of the sanctuary. And Moses gave the redemption money to Aaron and his sons, according to the word of YHWH, as YHWH commanded Moses.